PREFACE (continued 3)

Fox-and-dowdy, subs. (King Edward’s, Birm.: obsolete).—See Action.

Fragment, subs. (Winchester: obsolete).—A dinner for six (served in College Hall, after the ordinary dinner), ordered by a Fellow in favour of a particular boy, who was at liberty to invite five others to join him. A fragment was supposed to consist of three dishes.—Winchester Word-Book [1891].

Free, adj. (Oxford).—Impudent; self-possessed.

1864. Tennyson, Northern Farmer (Old Style), line 25. But parson a coomes an’ a goos, an’ a says it eäsy an’ FREEÄ.

Freed, adv. (Stonyhurst).—Of an extra recreation: given for some special reason.

Fresh, adj. (University).—Said of an undergraduate in his first term.

1803. Gradus ad Cantabrigiam, s.v.

1866. Trevelyan, Horace at Athens. When you and I were FRESH.

Fresher. See Freshman.

Freshers. The Freshers, subs. (Cambridge). That part of the Cam which lies between the Mill and Byron’s Pool. So called because it is frequented by FRESHMEN (q.v.).

Fresh-herring, subs. (King Edward’s, Birm.).—A boy newly admitted to the school. Such a one is seized on his first or first few visits to the playground, and conveyed to a corner—a MONKEY DEN—where he is more or less forcibly SQUABBED (q.v.) against the wall by as many persecutors as can get at him. The incongruity of fresh-herrings in a monkey-den does not seem to be remarked. But twenty-five to thirty years ago FRESH-HERRINGS were hurled over the Precipice. This was a drop of some six or eight feet from the general level of the playground over a retaining wall to the bottom of an incline up which coal-stores, &c., could be brought into the playground. The new science and art rooms have covered the site, and MONKEY-DEN has superseded the terrors of this local Tarpeian Rock. The FRESH-HERRING is always told that he must bring beeswax and turpentine for the purpose of polishing his desk, and he not infrequently comes armed with this or some other form of furniture-polish, to the glee of the “stuffer-up.”

Freshman (or Fresher), subs. (University).—A University man during his first year. In Dublin University he is a JUNIOR FRESHMAN during his first year, and a SENIOR FRESHMAN the second year. At Oxford the title lasts for the first term. See Soph.

1596. Nashe, Saffron Walden, in Works, iii. 8. When he was but yet a FRESHMAN in Cambridge.

1611. Middleton, Roaring Girl, Act iii. sc. 3. S. Alex. Then he’s a graduate. S. Davy. Say they trust him not. S. Alex. Then is he held a FRESHMAN and a sot.

1650. Howell, Familiar Letters [Nares]. I am but a FRESHMAN yet in France, therefore I can send you no news, but that all is here quiet, and ’tis no ordinary news, that the French should be quiet.

1671. Cotgrave, Wit’s Interpreter, p. 221. First, if thou art a FRESHMAN, and art bent To bear love’s arms, and follow Cupid’s tent.

1767. Colman, Oxonian in Town, ii. 3. And now I find you as dull and melancholy as a FRESHMAN at college after a jobation.

1841. Lever, Charles O’Malley, ch. xiv. “This is his third year,” said the Doctor, “and he is only a FRESHMAN, having lost every examination.”

1853. Bradley, Verdant Green, iii. Mr. Green saw at a glance that all the passengers were Oxford men, dressed in every variety of Oxford fashion, and exhibiting a pleasing diversity of Oxford manners. Their private remarks on the two new-comers were, like stage “asides,” perfectly audible. “Decided case of governor!” said one. “Undoubted ditto of FRESHMAN!” observed another.

1891. Harry Fludyer at Cambridge, 55. A lot of FRESHMEN got together after Hall (it was a Saints’ day, and they’d been drinking audit) and went and made hay in Marling’s rooms.

1891. Sporting Life, Mar. 20. The mile, bar accidents, will be a gift to B. C. Allen, of Corpus, who has more than maintained the reputation he gained as a FRESHER.

1895. Felstedian, Dec., 178. The new trousers and immaculate brown boots of the “FRESHER” are suffering terribly from the slush.

1898. Stonyhurst Mag., Dec., p. 149, “Life at Oxford.” Three Seniors were entertaining some fifteen or more FRESHERS.

Adj. (University).—Of, or pertaining to, a FRESHMAN, or a first year student.

Freshman’s Bible, subs. phr. (University).—The University Calendar.

Freshman’s Church, subs. phr. (Cambridge).—The Pitt Press. [From its ecclesiastical architecture.]

Freshman’s Landmark, subs. phr. (Cambridge).—King’s College Chapel. [From the situation.]

Freshmanship, subs. (old).—Of the quality or state of being a freshman.

1605. Jonson, Volpone, or the Fox, iv. 3. Well, wise Sir Pol., since you have practised thus, Upon my FRESHMANSHIP, I’ll try your salt-head With what proof it is against a counter-plot.

Froust, subs. (Harrow).—1. Extra sleep allowed on Sunday mornings and whole holidays. Also (2) an easy-chair. Hence Frouster.

Frout, adj. (Winchester).—Angry; vexed.

Fudge, subs. 1. (Christ’s Hospital).—To copy; to crib; to dodge or escape: also see quot.

1870-95. More Gleanings from The Blue. The Latin Grammar was a strange book to the new boy; he says he was “relieved from embarrassment by the readiness with which my schoolfellows in the class above assisted in explaining,” &c. &c.; so a “FUDGE” is not a modern invention, though it is expressed by a polite periphrasis.

1877. The Blue-Coat Boys, p. 97. Fudge, to prompt a fellow in class, or prompt oneself in class artificially. Thence to tell: e.g. “FUDGE me what the time is.”

2. (common).—To advance the hand unfairly at marbles.

Fug, subs. (Harrow).—1. A small soft football. Also (2) the game as played with such a ball in a yard, house, &c. See Appendix.

Verb. 1. (Shrewsbury).—To stay in a stuffy room.

2. (Harrow).—To stop indoors.

Fug-footer, subs. (Harrow).—A species of football played in passages with a FUG (q.v.) See ante.

Fuggy, subs. (general).—A hot roll.

Adj. (Shrewsbury).—Stuffy.

Fug-shop, subs. (Charterhouse).—The carpenter’s shop.

Functior (or Functure), subs. (Winchester).—An iron bracket candlestick, used for the night-light in College Chambers.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life at Winchester, p. 68. Beside the window yawned the great fireplace, with its dogs, on which rested the faggots and bars for the reception of the array of boilers. Above it was a rushlight, fixed in a circular iron pan fastened to a staple in the wall; it was called the FUNCTIOR.

1891. Wrench, Winchester Word-Book, s.v. Functure. The word looks like fulctura, an earlier form of fulture, meaning a prop or stay, with phonetic change of l into n.

Funking-Monday, subs. (Christ’s Hospital).—See quot.

1887. The Blue, Nov. Yet it is not from ignorance of vulgar slang that the author’s elegance springs, for he unbends once so far as to say that the Monday after the holidays is called “FUNKING-MONDAY.”

Funking-room, subs. (medical).—The room at the Royal College of Surgeons where students collect on the last evening of their final during the addition of their marks, and whence each is summoned by an official announcing failure or success.

1841. Punch, i. p. 225, col. 2. On the top of a staircase he enters a room, wherein the partners of his misery are collected. It is a long, narrow apartment, commonly known as the FUNKING-ROOM.

Funkster, subs. (Winchester).—A coward.

Furk. See Firk.

Gag, subs. 1. (Christ’s Hospital).—See quot. Gag-eater = a term of reproach.

1813. Lamb, Christ’s Hospital, in Works, p. 324 (ed. 1852). L. has recorded the repugnance of the school to GAGS, or the fat of fresh beef boiled; and sets it down to some superstition.... A GAG-EATER in our time was equivalent to a ghoul, ... and held in equal estimation.

2. (Winchester: obsolete).—An exercise (said to have been invented by Dr. Gabell) which consists in writing Latin criticisms on some celebrated piece, in a book sent in about once a month. In the Parts below Sixth Book and Senior Part, the GAGS consisted in historical analysis. [An abbreviation of “gathering.”]

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life at Winchester College, p. 108. From time to time, also, they had to write ... an analysis of some historical work; these productions were called GATHERINGS (or GAGS).

Gain. See Election.

Gaits (Geits, Gytes, or Gites), subs. (Royal High School, Edin.).—The first, or lowest class. See Cats.

Gallery, subs. (Winchester).—A Commoner bedroom. [From a tradition of GALLERIES in Commoners.] Hence GALLERY NYMPH = a housemaid.

Gang, subs. (Felsted: obsolete).—A particular friend. From the ordinary meaning of the word, applied first to the two friends, then to each of them. Used only of “acute” friendship. Also as verb = to carry on such a friendship with another.

Garden, The (Stonyhurst).—The playgrounds, built on the site of part of the old garden, long kept this name. “The boys went to the GARDEN” = “into the playground”: obsolete.

Gater, subs. (Winchester: obsolete).—A plunge head foremost into a POT (q.v.).

Gates, subs. (University).—The being forbidden to pass outside the gate of a college. Hence as verb = to confine wholly or during certain hours within the college gate for some infraction of discipline. To BREAK GATES = to stay out of college after hours. Gate-bill (old) = the record of an undergraduate’s failure to be within the precincts of his college by a specified time at night.

1803. Gradus ad Cant., p. 128. To avoid GATE-BILLS he will be out at night as late as he pleases ... climb over the college wall, and fee his gyp well.

1835. The Snobiad (Whibley, Cap and Gown, p. 141). Two proctors kindly holding either arm Staunch the dark blood and GATE him for the term.

1853. Bradley, Verdant Green, I. ch. xii. He won’t hurt you much, Giglamps! Gate and chapel you!

1861. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xii. Now you’ll both be GATED probably, and the whole crew will be thrown out of gear.

1865. Cornhill Mag., p. 227. He is requested to confine himself to college after a specified hour, which is familiarly termed being GATED.

1870. Morning Advertiser, May 23. The two least culpable of the party have been GATED.

1881. Lang, Xxxii. Ballades, “Of Midsummer Term.” When freshmen are careless of GATES.

To be at gates, verb. phr. (Winchester: obsolete).—To assemble in Seventh Chamber passage, preparatory to going Hills or Cathedral.

Gaudeamus, subs. (general).—A feast; a drinking bout; any sort of merry-making. [German students’, but now general. From the first word of the mediæval (students’) ditty.]

Gaudy (or Gaudy-day), subs. (general).—A feast or entertainment: specifically, the annual dinner of the Fellows of a college in memory of founders or benefactors; or a festival of the Inns of Court. [Lat. gaudere = to rejoice.]

1540. Palsgrave, Acolastus [Halliwell]. We maye make our tryumphe, kepe our GAUDYES, or let us sette the cocke on the hope, and make good chere within dores. Ibid., I have good cause to set the cocke on the hope, and make GAUDYE chere.

1608. Shakspeare, Antony and Cleopatra, iii. 11. Come, Let’s have one other GAUDY night; call to me All my sad captains; fill our bowls; once more Let’s mock the midnight bell.

1636. Suckling, Goblins [Dodsley, Old Plays (Reed), x. 143]. A foolish utensil of state, Which, like old plate upon a GAUDY day, ’s brought forth to make a show, and that is all.

1724. E. Coles, Eng. Dict. Gaudy days, college or Inns of Court festivals.

1754. B. Martin, Eng. Dict., 2nd ed. Gaudies, double commons, such as they have on GAUDY or grand DAYS in colleges.

1760. Foote, Minor, Act i. Dine at twelve, and regale, upon a GAUDY DAY, with buns and beer at Islington.

1803. Gradus ad Cantab., p. 122. Cut lectures ... give GAUDIES and spreads.

1820. Lamb, Elia (Oxford in the Vacation). Methought I a little grudged at the coalition of the better Jude with Simon—clubbing, as it were, their sanctities together, to make up one poor GAUDY-DAY between them.

1822. Nares, Glossary, s.v. Gaudy day or Night. A time of festivity and rejoicing. The expression is yet fully retained in the University of Oxford. Blount, in his Glossographia, speaks of a foolish derivation of the word from a judge Gaudy, said to have been the institutor of such days. But such days were held in all times, and did not want a judge to invent them.

1822. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel, ch. xxiii. We had a carouse to your honour ... we fought, too, to finish off the GAUDY.

1878. Besant and Rice, By Celia’s Arbour, ch. xxxiii. Champagne ... goes equally well with a simple luncheon of cold chicken, and with the most elaborate GAUDY.

General’s-day (Stonyhurst).—See Day.

Gentlemen-Philosopher, subs. (Stonyhurst: obsolete).—See Philosopher.

Genuine, subs. (Winchester).—Praise. Also as verb = to praise. [It is suggested (but see quot.) that the derivation may be from genuina, the “jaw-tooth,” praise being nothing but “jaw”: cf. Parsius, i. 115.]

1891. Wrench, Winchester Word-Book, s.v. Genuine.... He was awfully quilled and GENUINED my task. Possibly from calling a thing genuine. Cf. to blackguard, to lord, &c. But fifty years ago it was a subs. only. [See Appendix.]

Gip (or Gyp), subs. (Cambridge).—A college servant.

1891. Harry Fludyer at Cambridge, 8. My GYP said he thought he knew some one who’d give me eighteen shillings for it.

Girdlestoneites (Charterhouse).—A boarding-house. [From a master’s name.] See Out-houses.

Glope, verb (Winchester: obsolete).—To spit.

Go. To go down, verb (University).—To leave school or college: by special EXEAT (q.v.) or at vacation. Whence TO BE SENT DOWN = to be under discipline; to be rusticated.

1863. H. Kingsley, Austin Elliot, i. 179. How dare you say “deuce” in my presence? You can GO DOWN, my Lord.

1886. Dickens, Dict. of Cambridge, 3. No undergraduate should GO down without obtaining his EXEAT.

1891. Harry Fludyer at Cambridge, 53. I’m thankful to say this Term’s nearly over now.... We shall be able to GO down next week ... which is a blessing.

1898. Stonyhurst Mag., Dec., p. 149, “Life at Oxford.” You will think, then, that most of us do no work. Well, a good many do precious little. Still there is this check. All who do not pass their examinations within a certain time must “GO DOWN,” i.e. they must leave. It wholly depends upon ourselves, then, how much work we do; and it is naturally a much more difficult matter to “read” in this way than when one has regular schools and studies.

Goal, subs. (Winchester).—(1) At football the boy who stands at the centre of each end, acting as umpire; and (2) the score of three points made when the ball is kicked between his legs, or over his head, without his touching it. See Schitt.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life at Winchester College, p. 138. Midway between each of the two ends of the line was stationed another boy, as umpire (GOAL he was called), who stood with his legs wide apart, and a gown rolled up at each foot: if the ball was kicked directly over his head, or between his legs, without his touching it, it was a GOAL, and scored three for the party that kicked it.

God, subs. 1. (Eton).—A Sixth Form boy. See Appendix.

1881. Pascoe, Life in our Public Schools. A GOD at Eton is probably in a more exalted position, and receives more reverence than will ever afterwards fall to his lot.

2. (Westminster).—The juniors who, at the Westminster Play (q.v.), occupy a back gallery. A proposal was made in 1792 to exclude them from the performance on the grand nights, which, however, was successfully resisted. Whence GOD-KEEPER = a Third Election boy, who acts as deputy monitor, and keeps the gallery deities in order.

1867. Collins, The Public Schools, p. 155. A rushing noise is heard as of a party of inebriated whirlwinds coming up College, and the Di Superi (in vulgar parlance THE GODS) make their appearance. Now is the time to see the GOD-KEEPER in his glory, in kid gloves, cane, and commanding voice: “Here, Jones, go up closer. Room for three or four more in that corner. Tumble-up, Davis.”

Going-out Saturday, subs. (Charterhouse).—See Exeat 2.

Gold Hatband, subs. (old University).—A nobleman undergraduate; a TUFT (q.v.).

1628. Earle, Microcosmography. His companion is ordinarily some stale fellow that has been notorious for an ingle to GOLD HATBANDS, whom hee admires at first, afterwards scornes.

1889. Gentleman’s Mag., June, p. 598. Noblemen at the universities, since known as “tufts,” because of the gold tuft or tassel to their cap, were then known as GOLD HATBANDS.

Golgotha, subs. (old University).—The Dons’ gallery at Cambridge; also a certain part of the theatre at Oxford. [That is, “the place of skulls” (cf. Luke xxiii. 33 and Matt. xxvii. 33); whence the pun, Dons being the heads of houses.]

1730. Jas. Miller, Humours of Oxford, Act ii., p. 23 (2nd ed.). Sirrah, I’ll have you put in the black-book, rusticated—expelled—I’ll have you coram nobis at GOLGOTHA, where you’ll be bedevilled, Muck-worm, you will.

1785. Grose, Vulg. Tongue, s.v.

1791. G. Huddesford, Salmagundi (Note on, p. 150). Golgotha, “The place of a Skull,” a name ludicrously affixed to the Place in which the Heads of Colleges assemble.

1808. J. T. Conybeare in C. K. Sharp’s Correspondence (1888), i. 324. The subject then of the ensuing section is Oxford News ... we will begin by GOLGOTHA.... Cole has already obtained the Headship of Exeter, and Mr. Griffiths ... is to have that of University.

Gomer, subs. 1. (Winchester).—A large pewter dish used in College. [Probably from its holding a homer or omer in measure: see quots.]

1610-31. Donne. Not satisfied with his GOMER of manna.

d. 1656. Hall, Satires, Bk. v. He that gave a GOMER to each.

1778. Inventory of Kitchen and Hall. Twenty-four GOMERS (amongst dishes and brass pots).

2. A new hat: specifically, a beaver when first introduced: but see quot., Peals, and Appendix.

1867. Collins, The Public Schools, 68. Top-boots are no longer considered, by young gentlemen of twelve, “your only wear” to go home in, although the term for them—GOMERS (i.e. go-homers)—still survives in the Winchester vocabulary.

Good-breakfast, subs. (Stonyhurst).—A breakfast given to those Distinguished (q.v.) every term: also called Distinction-breakfast. Cf. Do and Good-supper.

Good-creatures, subs. (Charterhouse).—Meat, vegetables, and pudding. [From a quaint old-fashioned “Scholars’ grace”—“Lord, bless to us these thy GOOD-CREATURES,” &c.]

Good-day, subs. (Stonyhurst).—A free day given at the end of the school year to those distinguished in mathematics. There is also a “Rhetoric GOOD DAY,” given to the Rhetoricians (q.v.), and a “Certificate GOOD DAY,” given to candidates for the Higher Certificate Examination.

Good-Four-o’clock, subs. (Stonyhurst: obsolete).—A repast similar in character to a Good-supper and a Good-breakfast (both of which see).

Good-supper, subs. (Stonyhurst).—A supper given for a special reason: e.g. the Choir-supper (that given to members of the Choir); the Actors’-supper (that given to the participants in Shrovetide-plays); the Eleven-supper (to the Cricket eleven after an “out” match), &c. Cf. Do and Good-breakfast.

Goose-match, subs. (Harrow).—A cricket match played between the School Eleven and a team of Old Harrovians on Michaelmas Day, or as near to it as possible. The Eleven opposing the School are called “the geese.” See Appendix.

Gosh, subs. (Winchester).—To spit.

Gown, subs. 1. (Winchester: obsolete).—Coarse brown paper.

2. (University).—The schools as distinguished from the TOWN (q.v.): e.g. Town and Gown.

1847. Thackeray, Punch’s Prize Novelists, “Codlingsby,” p. 232. From the Addenbroke’s hospital to the Blenheim turnpike, all Cambridge was in an uproar—the College gates closed—the shops barricaded—the shop-boys away in support of their brother townsmen—the battle raged, and the GOWN had the worst of the fight.

1853. Bradley, Verdant Green, II., ch. iii. When GOWN was absent, Town was miserable.

1891. Pall Mall Gaz., 30th May, p. 4, c. 3. Town and GOWN joined in harmony.

Gownboy, subs. (Charterhouse).—A scholar on the foundation: they wore at the Charterhouse black Eton jackets, black trousers, shoes called Gowsers (q.v.), and gowns. This distinctive garb was abolished in 1872.

Gownboy-arch (Charterhouse).—An arch near the east end of the chapel, formerly the doorway from Scholars’ Court into Gown-boys. The earliest Old Carthusian name inscribed on it bears date 1778.

Gownboy-cricket, subs. (Charterhouse).—Cricket in which there are twenty bowlers to one batsman, with no fielders.

Gownboys (Charterhouse).—A boarding-house. [Because on migration to Godalming in 1872 nearly all the old Gownboys (q.v.) were received there.]

Gowner, subs. (Winchester).—The Goal (q.v.) at football stood with his legs stretched out, and a gown, rolled up into a ball, at each foot. When the ball was kicked over either of these gowns, without goal’s touching it, this counted two for the party who kicked it.—Mansfield (c. 1840). Also see Goal and Schitt. Now obsolete.

Gownsman (also Gown), subs. (University).—A student.

1800. C. K. Sharpe, in Correspondence (1888), i. 96. A battle between the GOWNSMEN and townspeople ... in spite of the Vice-Chancellor and Proctors.

1850. F. E. Smedley, Frank Fairlegh, ch. xxv. The ancient town of Cambridge, no longer animated by the countless throngs of GOWNSMEN, frowned in its unaccustomed solitude.

1853. Bradley, Verdant Green, III. By the time Mr. Bouncer finished these words, the coach appropriately drew up at the “Mitre,” and the passengers tumbled off amid a knot of GOWNSMEN collected on the pavement to receive them.

1861. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford. The townsmen ... were met by the GOWNSMEN with settled steady pluck.

Gowsers, subs. (Charterhouse: obsolete).—Shoes.

Grammar, subs. 1. (Stonyhurst).—The Lower Fourth Form.

2. (Harrow).—See Upper School.

Grand-matches, subs. (Stonyhurst).—The three final matches of the Stonyhurst-football (q.v.) season, played always on the Thursday before Shrove-tide, and on the following Monday and Tuesday. These days are school holidays, and in the evenings the great plays of the year are given.

Grass, subs. (Royal Military Academy).—Vegetables.

To be sent to grass, verb. phr. (University).—To be rusticated; to RECEIVE A TRAVELLING SCHOLARSHIP (q.v.).

1794. Gent. Mag., p. 1085. And was very near rustication [at Cambridge] merely for kicking up a row after a beakering party. “Soho, Jack!” briskly rejoined another, “almost presented with a travelling fellowship? very nigh being SENT TO GRASS, hey?”

Greaser, subs. 1. (Durham: obsolete).—A cad.

2. (Winchester: obsolete).—A mode of torture performed by rubbing a boy’s head hard with the knuckles.—Mansfield (c. 1840).

Great-go (or Greats), subs. (Cambridge).—The final examination for the B.A. degree: cf. Little-go. At Oxford, GREATER.

1841. Prince of the New-made Baccalere, Oxford. Great-go is passed.

1861. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. x. Both small and GREAT are sufficiently distant to be altogether ignored, if we are that way inclined.

1856-7. Thackeray, King of Brentford’s Test., st. 7. At college, though not fast, Yet his little-go and GREAT-GO, He creditably pass’d.

1871. Morning Advertiser, April 28. Yes, Mr. Lowe has been plucked for his GREAT GO.

1883. Echo, 3rd May, p. 2, c. 4. But few, indeed, are the men who have been in for GREATS during the last twenty years, and who have not blessed Mr. Kitchin for his edition of the Novum Organum.

Grecian, subs. (Christ’s Hospital).—A senior boy.

1870. Blue Budget, March. We have the full sanction and approval of the GRECIANS, and some of them intend even to contribute articles themselves.

1871. The Blue, Aug. Boys are taken at the age of seven years and remain till they are sixteen.... If at their sixteenth year they have shown remarkable aptitude, they are allowed to remain longer, and as GRECIANS—a traditional title, the origin of which is unknown—to pursue more advanced studies and to enjoy certain privileges as to table. [See Appendix.]

Green. 1. (Charterhouse).—The cricket-ground. See Under-green.

2. (Felsted: obsolete).—A Post-Office Order. [From the colour.]

Green-back, subs. (University).—One of Todhunter’s series of mathematical text-books. [Because bound in green cloth. Cf. Blue-ruin = Bohn’s Classical Series.]

Green Book, The (Charterhouse).—A record of the date of entering and leaving the school: this has been somewhat loosely kept, and gaps are conspicuous.

Green-room Boys, subs. phr. (Stonyhurst).—Boys chosen to be the stage-manager’s assistants at the Shrove-tide plays.

Greens, The (Stonyhurst: obsolete).—Two large grass plots, or lawns and shrubberies, on the south front. A cricket-ball hit full pitch into either of these from the opposite end of the playground was known as “A Greener.” Whence GREEN-BOYS = boys who used to look after the “GREENS.”

Greeze, subs. (Westminster).—A crowd.

Greyers, subs. (Harrow).—Grey flannel trousers: worn by all the school not entitled to white Flannels (q.v.) at cricket.

Greyhound, subs. (Cambridge: obsolete).—A member of Clare College; a CLARIAN (q.v.).

1889. Whibley, Cap and Gown, xxviii. The members of Clare ... were called GRAYHOUNDS.

Grind, subs. (common).—(1) Study; reading for an examination. Also as a verb. (2) A plodding student. (3) Athletic sports in general: specifically, a training run. Also as verb = to teach; to instruct; to coach.

1856. Hughes, Tom Brown’s School-days, pt. II. ch. v. “Come along, boys,” cries East, always ready to leave the GRIND, as he called it. Ibid., ch. vii. “The thing to find out,” said Tom meditatively, “is how long one ought to GRIND at a sentence without looking at the crib.”

1872. Chambers’s Jour., April. Joe Rullock, the mighty gymnasiarch, the hero of a hundred GRINDS, the unwearied haunter of the palæstra, could never give the lie to his whole past life, and deny his own gymnastics.

1887. Chambers’s Jour., 14th May, p. 310. Smalls made just such a goal as was required, and the GRIND it entailed was frequently of no slight profit to him.

The Grind, subs. (Cambridge).—The ferry-boat at Chesterton. (Oxford) A diversion popular among the less athletic tutors and undergraduates, which consists in walking by the Banbury Road to the 2-1/2 mile stone, crossing to the Woodstock Road, which is here only a quarter of a mile distant, and so returning to Oxford, occasionally varying the proceeding by reversing the order of the walk. It is, however, probable that the introduction of golf has dealt a severe blow at the popularity of this innocent amusement. Also THE FIVE MILES GRIND.

’Varsity Grind (Oxford).—A steeplechase held at Stratton Audley.

Grind-days, subs. (Loretto).—The GRIND-DAYS occur twice a year: in October and March. Privileged boys, school officers, Sixth and Fifth, and probably Upper Fifth, go by train to various places, such as Peebles, Pomathorn, &c., and walk, perhaps about twenty miles, to some other place, where they dine, returning by train. Some of the rest cross the Pentlands, and the Juniors go up the highest Pentland.

Grinder, subs. (general).—A private tutor; a COACH (q.v.).

1812. Miss Edgeworth, Patronage, ch. iii. Put him into the hands of a clever GRINDER or crammer, and they would soon cram the necessary portion of Latin and Greek into him.

1841. Punch, vol. i. p. 201. Then contriving to accumulate five guineas to pay a GRINDER, he routs out his old note-books from the bottom of his box and commences to read.

1841. A. Smith, “The London Medical Student” in Punch, i. p. 229. G was a GRINDER, who sharpen’d the fools.

1849. Thackeray, Pendennis, ch. v. She sent me down here with a GRINDER. She wants me to cultivate my neglected genius.

Grinding-mill, subs. (general).—The house of a tutor or COACH (q.v.), where students are prepared for an examination.

Groats. To save one’s groats, verb. phr. (old University).—To come off handsomely. [At the Universities nine groats are deposited in the hands of an academic officer by every person standing for a degree, which, if the depositor obtains, with honour, are returned to him.—Grose.]

Grotius-time, subs. (Winchester).—From 7 P.M. to 7.45 P.M. on Sundays, in Cloister-time (q.v.) when Sixth Book (q.v.) and Senior Part (q.v.) went into school to translate the work of that author.—Mansfield (c. 1840). Now obsolete.

Groute, verb (Marlborough and Cheltenham).—To work or study hard; to SWOT (q.v.).

Grovel, subs. (Sherborne).—A scrummage at football.

Grubber, subs. (general).—A tuck-shop. See Lamb’s-tails, Round Othellos, Kill-me-quicks, and Picaninnies.

1899. Public School Mag., Dec., p. 441. The shop is privately managed by Mr. Kimmins, of High Street, Tonbridge [and] is known as “GRUBBER.”

Grubby, subs. (Royal High School, Edin.).—The luncheon room.

Gruff, adj. (Christ’s Hospital).—Low-pitched: of the voice. See quot., and Squeaky.

c. 1844. Reminis. of Christ’s Hospital [The Blue, Aug. 1874]. The voices, in our own peculiar phraseology, being divided into two classes—those who sang “squeaky,” and those who sang GRUFF.

Guarder, subs. (Stonyhurst).—A goal-keeper: at football. Whence SECOND-GUARDER = the “full-back” of Association Football; and THIRD-GUARDER = the “halfback” of Association Football.

Gulf, subs. (Cambridge).—The bottom of a list of “passes,” with the names of those who only just succeed in getting their degree. At Oxford a man who, going in for honours, only gets a pass. Hence as verb (Cambridge) = to place in the GULF; TO BE GULFED = to be on such a list. [Men so placed were not eligible for the Classical Tripos.]

1852. Bristed, Five Tears in an English University, p. 205. Some ten or fifteen men just on the line, not bad enough to be plucked, or good enough to be placed, are put into the GULF, as it is popularly called (the examiners’ phrase is “degrees allowed”), and have their degrees given them, but are not printed in the calendar. Ibid., 297. I discovered that my name was nowhere to be found—that I was GULFED.

1853. Bradley, Verdant Green, pt. III. p. 89. I am not going to let them GULPH me a second time.

1863. H. Kingsley, Austin Elliot, p. 123. The good Professor scolded, predicted that they would all be either GULFED or ploughed.

1865. Sporting Gaz., April 1. A man who was GULFED for mathematical honours was certainly, in olden time, unable to enter for the classical examination; but though the arrangement is altered, the term is not obsolete. A man who is GULFED is considered to know enough mathematics for an ordinary degree, but not enough to be allowed his degree in mathematics only; he is consequently obliged to pass in all the ordinary subjects (except mathematics) for the “poll,” before taking his degree.

1876. Trevelyan, Life of Macaulay (1884), ch. ii. p. 61. When the Tripos of 1822 made its appearance, his name did not grace the list. In short ... Macaulay was GULFED.

1896. Tonbridgian, No. 339, 1124. Poole hopes to get a Third in Honour Mods., and Law hopes to escape a GULF next year in the same.

Gull, subs. (Oxford: obsolete).—A swindler; a trickster. Cf. “Gull-catcher,” of which it is probably an abbreviation.

1825. The English Spy, v. i. p. 161. “You’ll excuse me, sir, but as you are fresh, take care to avoid the GULLS.” “I never understood that GULLS were birds of prey,” said I. “Only in Oxford, sir, and here, I assure you, they bite like hawks.”

Gutter, subs. (Tonbridge).—A scrummage at Rugby football: now nearly obsolete. [Properly the space between the teams in the scrummage.]

Verb (Winchester).—To fall in the water flat on the stomach.

Gymmy, subs. (Manchester Grammar).—The gymnasium.

Gyp (or Gip), subs. (Cambridge).—A college servant. At Oxford, a scout; at Dublin, a skip. [Etymology doubtful: according to Sat. Rev. an abbreviation of Gipsy Joe: according to Cambridge undergraduates, from the Greek γυψ (GUPS) = a vulture; from the creature’s rapacity.]

1794. Gent. Mag., p. 1085. [A Cambridge college servant is called a JIP.]

1803. Gradus ad Cantab., 128. To avoid gate-bills he will be out at night as late as he pleases, ... climb over the college wall, and fee his GYP well.

1842. Tait’s Mag., Oct., “Reminiscences of Coll. Life.” There is attached to colleges and halls a person more useful than ornamental, and better known than paid, whom Oxonians name GYP, from his supposed moral affinity to a vulture (γυψ). The same is in Dublin denominated a Skip, because of the activity which is an indispensable item in his qualifications.

1849. C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. xii. I’ll send you in luncheon as I go through the butteries; then, perhaps, you’d like to come down and see the race. Ask the GYP to tell you the way.

1850. Smedley, Frank Fairleigh, p. 254. Fellow you call the GYP wanted to make me believe you were out—thought I looked too like a governor to be let in, I suppose.

1882. F. Anstey, Vice Versâ, ch. v. Who should we see coming straight down on us but a Proctor with his bull-dogs (not dogs, you know, but the strongest GYPS in the college).

Gyte, subs. (Royal High School, Edin.).—A first year’s student.

Habit, subs. (old University).—See quot.

1803. Gradus ad Cantabrigiam. Habit. College HABIT, College dress, called of old, livery: the dress of the Master, Fellows, and Scholars.

Hades, subs. (The Leys).—A W.C. Cf. Styx.

Haggory, subs. (Stonyhurst).—One of the gardens in the Higher Line (q.v.) playground, which the Irish boys in the early years of the century turned into a debating-place, to promote the views of O’Connell and his party. [A corruption of ἁγορά.]

Hairy, adj. (Oxford).—Difficult.

d. 1861. Arthur Clough, Long Vacation Pastoral. Three weeks hence we return to the shop and the wash-hand-stand-bason, Three weeks hence unbury Thicksides and HAIRY Aldrich.

1864. The Press, Nov. 12. Hairy for difficult is a characteristic epithet.

Half-faggot, subs. (Winchester).—See quot.

1881. Felstedian, Nov., p. 75, “A Day’s Fagging at Winchester.” At 6.15, when the first bell for chapel rings, I go round and wake up everybody; as the præfects like hot water for washing, I make up a fire, and put on the boilers; in other words, throw a bundle of sticks called a “HALF-FAGGOT” on the old-fashioned “dogs,” or uprights, which form the only fireplaces in chambers, coal not being in use.

Hall, subs. 1. (Oxford).—Dinner. Also as verb = to dine. [Taken in College Hall.]

1891. Harry Fludyer at Cambridge, 55. A lot of Freshmen got together after HALL (it was a Saint’s day, and they’d been drinking audit) and went and made hay in Marling’s rooms.

2. (Sherborne).—Evening preparation.

3. (Shrewsbury).—See Senior Hall.

To go on hall, verb. phr. (Winchester).—To fag: as a breakfast waiter.

1867. Collins, The Public Schools, p. 48. However, as boys came to school better scholars, and were consequently higher placed, fourth form fags grew scarce, and the junior fifth were ordered, as the phrase was, TO GO ON HALL. One champion stood upon his rights, and refused; the indignant prefect proposed to thrash him publicly; the juniors rose in a body and pinioned the prefects. Fond mammas, and other declaimers against school tyranny, will regret to hear that this spirited resistance was not appreciated by Dr. Williams; after a patient hearing of the pleas on both sides, he supported the prefect’s authority (it may be concluded that they had not really exceeded it), and six of the ringleaders were expelled.

Hall-crier, subs. (Shrewsbury).—See quot.

1867. Collins, The Public Schools, p. 249. And two HALL-CRIERS (or latterly one), whose chief business was to read out at breakfast time lists of the fags on duty for cricket or football, descriptions of lost articles, &c. &c. This office in former days had commonly to be performed under a fire of such missiles as came handiest—amongst them often the regulation iron spoons supplied for the bread-and-milk breakfast which was the fare in the rougher days of Shrewsbury. Each proclamation began in due form with “Oh yes! oh yes! (Oyez! oyez!)” and ended with “God save the King (or Queen)! and d—— the Radicals!”

Hall-fagging, subs. (Charterhouse).—A duty imposed on sixteen of the lowest boys in each House. They have to attend in Hall, usually four at a time, and carry out orders, while the monitors have breakfast and tea. There was no need for this duty at Old Charterhouse, fags being always at hand. At New Charterhouse this was not always the case; they were often playing at football or cricket, or sitting in the library. Monitors, therefore, arranged the system of HALL-FAGGING. Latterly it has become usual to send into Hall fags who have offended against monitorial discipline, have been talkative in Banco, or noisy in the cubicles. Where such culprits are available the regular fags are exempt.—Tod.

Halve, subs. (Charterhouse).—A half-holiday: on Wednesdays and Saturdays.

Halves (pron. Hāves), subs. (Winchester: obsolete).—Half-Wellington boots, which were strictly Non licet (q.v.).

Hand. To HAND UP, verb. phr. (Winchester).—To give information against; to betray.

Handball, subs. (Stonyhurst).—(1) The Stonyhurst form of Fives. Also (2) the ball used in playing; (3) the wall against which the game is played; and (4) the courts into which the wall and ground are divided.

1887. Stonyhurst Mag., iii. 18, “Stonyhurst in the Fifties.” On Whit-Saturday HANDBALL came in. We had on that morning 2-1/2 hours’ school ... and having gone up to the study-place to put away our books were let out by schools to run for places. In the old playground there stood one of the present HANDBALLS, one side of it belonging to the Higher Line, and one to the Lower. Of the Higher Line HANDBALLS [on each side of this HANDBALL—the wall—were two HANDBALLS or courts] one belonged to Rhetoric and one to Poetry. Of the Lower Line HANDBALLS one to Grammar and one to Rudiments. There were besides in both Higher and Lower Lines, other inferior HANDBALLS in the wall which separated the playground from the garden, where the rails now stand. They were called “The Pavilions,” and each contained three courts. Those in the Higher Line were common property, the Lower Line ones belonged to Rudiments, Figures, and Elements. Syntax had thus no HANDBALL and Rudiments had two. In the Higher Line possession of the HANDBALL always went to the first comers, those who first “touched-in” having it. In the Lower Line during after-dinner recreation (at least in the large HANDBALLS) it went by order of Compositions.

Handing-up, subs. (Harrow).—A form of Lynch law inflicted [up to the second quarter of the century] by monitors on a boy known to have been guilty of any highly disgraceful conduct reflecting on the character of the school—stealing, for example. The monitors satisfied themselves, after careful inquiry, of the guilt of the accused, and called him before an assembly of the Upper School in Butler’s Hall, where he received from each monitor a certain number of blows with a study toasting-fork. The punishment was severe, but merciful to the delinquent as an alternative in some cases to expulsion if the charge had been brought before the head-master.—Thornton.

Harder, subs. (Harrow).—Racquets: as opposed to Squash (q.v.); also a racquet ball. Whence HARDER-COURT = the racquet court.

Hard-up, adv. (Winchester).—Abashed or out of countenance; exhausted (as in swimming).

Harlequin, subs. (Winchester).—The wooden centre of a red indiarubber ball.

Harry-soph, subs. (Cambridge: obsolete).—See Soph.

1795. Gent. Mag., p. 20. A HARRY, or ERRANT SOPH, I understand to be either a person, four-and-twenty years of age, and of an infirm state of health, who is permitted to dine with the Fellows, and to wear a plain, black, full-sleeved gown; or else he is one who, having kept all the terms, by statute required previous to his law-act, is hoc ipsa facto entitled to wear the same garment, and thenceforth ranks as bachelor, by courtesy.

1803. Gradus ad Cantabrigiam. Harry soph, or HENRY SOPHISTER; students who have kept all the terms required for a law act, and hence are ranked as Bachelors of Law by courtesy. They wear a plain, black, full-sleeved gown.

Hash, verb (general).—To study hard; TO SWAT (q.v.).

Hasher, subs. 1. (Charterhouse).—A “made” dish.

2. (Charterhouse).—A football sweater—tight-fitting, with the colours running round in horizontal lines. In 1863 football shirts were introduced in place of HASHERS.

Hat, subs. (Cambridge).—A gentleman commoner. [Who is permitted to wear a hat instead of the regulation mortar-board.] Also GOLD HATBAND.

1628. Earle, Microcosmographie, “Young Gentleman of the Universitie” (ed. Arber, 1868). His companion is ordinarily some stale fellow that has beene notorious for an ingle to GOLD HATBANDS, whom hee admires at first, afterwards scornes.

1803. Gradus ad Cantabrigiam. Hat Commoner; the son of a nobleman, who wears the gown of a Fellow Commoner with a HAT.

1830. Lytton, Paul Clifford, ch. xxxii. I knew intimately all the HATS in the University.

1841. Lytton, Night and Morning, Bk. I. ch. i. He had certainly nourished the belief that some one of the HATS or tinsel gowns, i.e. young lords or fellow.

Hatch, subs. (Winchester).—A flood-gate. [Hatch = a flood-gate (Bailey); also var. dial. = a garden-gate, wicket-gate, or half-door.]

Hatch-thoke, subs. (Winchester).—A Founder’s Commemoration-day. [Thoke = to lie late in bed; an old custom being to lie in bed till breakfast on such occasions, names being called at HATCH in Commoners.]

Haul, verb (University).—To summon before the Proctor for misdemeanour. Whence HAULABLE, adj., used of those whose society authorities deem undesirable for the men: e.g. they’re HAULABLE = those caught with them will be proctorised.

1891. Harry Fludyer at Cambridge, 89. At last they were caught trying to drive in through the big gate of John’s. Next day they were HAULED and sent down.

To haul up, verb. phr. (Harrow).—To have a boy up to House out of school-hours, to say “turned” repetitions.

Haves. See Halves.

He, subs. (Charterhouse).—A cake. Young he = a small cake; a FISH-HE = fish-cake. See She.

Head, subs. (Tonbridge).—The chief cricket-ground.

Health Walk, subs. (Stonyhurst).—When the weather has been bad for some time, the boys are freed on the first fine day for “HEALTH WALKS.” The name seems still to be surviving, through more often the boys have football than walks on such occasions.

Heder, subs. (Winchester).—A plunge, feet foremost. Fr. une chandelle.

Hedgehog, subs. (Christ’s Hospital).—A London nickname for a Hertford Blue (q.v.). See Appendix.

c. 1800-29. The Blue-Coat Boy [More Gleanings from The Blue], 203. Another isolated statement of interest (unknown, perhaps, to some), is that “Hertford boys called the London boys, ‘Jackdaws,’ and those in London called those at Hertford ‘HEDGEHOGS’;” hedgehog boys and pigtailed masters!

Heifer, subs. (Charterhouse: obsolete).—A charwoman.

Hell, subs. (Winchester).—A shady nook near Third Pot, famous for a profusion of violets. [Dial. (Hants) = a dark, wooded place: originally (Skeat) a hidden place.]

Hell-and-neck boy, subs. phr. (Royal High School, Edin.: obsolete).—A venturesome boy who had frequently climbed the Kittle-nine-steps (q.v.).

Hell Hole and “Hell’s Gates,” subs. (Stonyhurst).—The name of some foundations of an old factory built on the Hodder.

High (The), subs. (Oxford).—High Street. Cf. The Broad, the Turl, the Corn, &c.

High, subs. (Christ’s Hospital).—A fruit-pie. See Low.

c. 1890. More Gleanings from The Blue, 92. Those greedy gluttons who during life had lain in wait for monied comrades, assailing them with importunate entreaties or even with open violence. Now they outstretched bony hands in vain for juicy “HIGHS,” which mocked and eluded their grasp; bottles of ginger-beer and cherries hovered above their skinny lips, as erst in “cherry-bob,” but never were they granted taste or sip of cool beverage or dainty morsel.

Higher Line, subs. (Stonyhurst).—The three highest classes.

High-master, subs. (St. Paul’s and Manchester Grammar).—The Head-master: at Manchester the term was used in the earliest statutes of the school (1515). See Sur-master.

Hills, subs. 1. (Winchester).—St. Catharine’s Hill. Hence, TO SHIRK HILLS = see quot.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life, p. 28. Some of his principal duties were to take the boys “on to HILLS,” call names there, &c.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life at Winchester, 214. HILLS—St. Catherine’s Hill, a green hill about one mile and a half from College, about five hundred feet high, and near the top surrounded by a deep trench, the remains of an old Roman camp. The boys had to ascend this twice a day on whole Holidays and Remedies, once before breakfast, and again at half-past two. In the summer they also went out in the evening, but did not ascend Hills, but disported themselves below. These sorties were called “going on to HILLS,” the evening expedition being called “Underhills.” Ibid., iii. Ordinary offences of a trifling character, such as being late for Chapel or “SHIRKING HILLS” [i.e. evading going Hills], were punished by the infliction of an imposition—generally thirty lines of Virgil, English and Latin.

1867. Collins, The Public Schools, p. 24. Tuesdays and Thursdays were partial holidays, on which the boys went out to the HILLS twice; once in the morning, returning at nine to breakfast, and again in the afternoon, coming off at three. There they played at quoits, football, and something which seems to have borne a resemblance to cricket.

2. (Cambridge).—The Gogmagog Hills; a common morning’s ride.—Gradus ad Cantab.

Hiss (The), subs. (Winchester).—The signal given at the commencement of school hours when a Master was coming in.—Mansfield (c. 1840).

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life at Winchester [1866], 104. Just before school-time a boy was always stationed to watch the arrival of the Master, of which he had to give notice by emitting a loud HISS, upon which there was a general rush up to books; the previous uproar dwindled to a calm, and work began.

Hivite, subs. (St. Bees’).—A student of St. Bees’ (Cumberland).

1865. John Bull, Nov. 11. To be a HIVITE has long been considered a little worse than a “literate.”... Of the value of some St. Bees’ testimonials we may form an estimate, &c.

Hobbs, subs. (Tonbridge).—A fad; a mental eccentricity. See Tachs.

Hobby, subs. (common).—A translation. To RIDE HOBBIES = to use CRIBS (q.v.).

Hockey-sticks and Fourpennies, subs. phr. (Charterhouse).—A kind of irregular cricket played at Old Charterhouse. The bats were huge bludgeons called hockey-sticks, but without any curve at the end; the balls were like large fives-balls, and a little smaller than a regulation cricket-ball; the wickets were usually coats or jackets; gownboy jackets were much the best, because they were stiff and easily stood upright; the pitch was either on the football ground, where there was no grass, or on a flagged pavement in cloisters.

Hodgsonites (Charterhouse).—See Out-houses.

Hodman (Oxford).—A scholar from Westminster School admitted to Christ Church College.

1728. Bailey, Eng. Dict., s.v. Hodman.

1847. Halliwell, Arch. Words, s.v.... A nickname for a Canon of Christ Church.

Hog, subs. (Cambridge: obsolete).—A student of St. John’s. Also Johnian Hog. See Crackle, Bridge of Grunts, and Isthmus of Suez.

1690. Diary of Abraham de la Pryme (Surtees Society, No. 54), quoted in Notes and Queries, 6 S., xi. 328. For us Jonians are called abusively HOGGS.

1795. Gent. Mag., lxv. 22. The JOHNIAN HOGS were originally remarkable on account of the squalid figures and low habits of the students, and especially of the sizars of Saint John’s College. [Another story of how name originated is given in detail in Gent. Mag. (1795), lxv. 107.]

1889. Whibley, In Cap and Gown, p. 28. An obsolete name for members of St. John’s College, Cambridge.

Hog Tower, subs. (Stonyhurst).—A coaching room off Rhetoric school-room. [So called (1) because part of a tower, and (2) because the Rhetoricians (q.v.) originally wished to use it for other “more profitable” purposes than for study.]

Hoi Polloi, subs. phr. (University).—The candidates for ordinary degrees. [From the Greek.] Cf. Gulf.

Hol, subs. (Harrow).—A holiday. Whence HOL-TAG = holiday task.

Holiday, subs. (Sherborne: obsolete).—A Saint’s day: sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Hollis, subs. (Winchester).—A small pebble. [Said to be derived from a boy of that name.—Wrench.]

Holy Club (The), subs. (Oxford: obsolete).—A band of kindred spirits who gathered round John Wesley while at Lincoln College: in ridicule.

Home-bill, subs. (Charterhouse).—Food supplied by the butler at breakfast or tea, to supplement the bread-and-butter supplied by the house master. It consists of eggs, eggs and bacon, ham, or sausages at breakfast; of poached eggs, mince, sausages and potatoes, tongue, ham, brawn, beef, or pork-pie at tea. The price is usually 4d. for each HOME-BILL; in some houses 6d. is the charge for the Upper School.

Home-bug, subs. (Harrow).—A home boarder; a day boy.

Honour (Legion of). See Legion.

Honours, subs. (Stonyhurst).—Classes in which extra classics are read in the three highest Forms.

Hook, intj. (Oxford).—An expression implying doubt. [Query from the note of interrogation (?) or connected with “Hookey Walker.”]

1823. Bee, Dict. of the Turf, s.v. Hookey walker—and WITH A HOOK, usually accompanied by a significant upliftment of the hand and crooking of the forefinger, implying that what is said is a lie, or is to be taken contrariwise.

1843. Moncrieff, Scamps of London, i. 1. Bob. Will you have some gin? Fogg. Gin—yes! Bob (turning away). Ha—ha!—WITH A HOOK ... I wish you may get it.

1870. Traill, Saturday Songs, p. 22. It’s go and go over the left, It’s go WITH A HOOK AT THE END.

Horse-box, subs. (The Leys).—A cubicle or recess in dormitory: about 5 or 6 feet high. Whence TO DO TEN HORSE-BOXES = to perform “Sinking-and-rising exercise” on the same.

Hot, subs. (Winchester).—1. A mellay at football. 2. A crowd. Hence to HOT UP (or DOWN) = to crowd; to mob.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life at Winchester, 215. In Twenty-two and Twenty-two (q.v.) when the ball went out of bounds, it was brought in and placed between the two sides, who all clustered up close round, with their heads down, each party, by weight and kicking, trying to force the ball through the other.

1878. Adams, Wykehamica, p. 367. It would be replaced and a fresh HOT formed.

Hot-end, subs. (Winchester).—A half-burned faggot stick with one end red-hot.

Hots, subs. 1. (Felsted: obsolete).—Tarts; pastry, &c.

2. (Felsted).—Money: specifically “coppers.”

Whence TRAV-HOTS = travelling money.

1893. Felstedian, Mar., p. 20. I made two brackets in the workshop, they liked them awfully; I meant to get them something decent, but I hadn’t got any HOTS.

1893. Felstedian, July, p. 82. All right; it’s only a HOT. Did you hear what we did in our dormy last night?

1895. Felstedian, April, p. 44. Hots—“Hots” and “half-hots” very evidently “burn a hole in one’s pocket” if they are left there long enough.

Hot-tiger, subs. (Oxford: obsolete).—Hot-spiced ale and sherry.

Hound, subs. (Cambridge).—See quot.

1879. E. Walford, in Notes and Queries, 5 S., xii. 88. In the Anecdotes of Bowyer ... we are told that a HOUND of King’s College, Cambridge, is an undergraduate not on the foundation, nearly the same as a “sizar.”

House-captain, subs. (The Leys).—A boy, not in studies, responsible for order in House-room.

House-game, subs. (Harrow).—A game—football or cricket—in which the whole House play.

House-list, subs. (Harrow).—The printed list, in Bill (q.v.) order, of each House.

House-room, subs. (The Leys).—The Common Room of boys below VI^th who have no studies.

House-singing, subs. (Harrow).—An informal concert at which school songs are sung collectively: held once a fortnight except in summer.

House-washing, subs. (Rugby: obsolete).—A sort of compressed paper-chase, backwards and forwards in a short distance over Clifton Brook, a tributary of the Warwickshire Avon. [The name suggests that this was not a dry process; each House as a rule had a HOUSE-WASHING in the Easter term.]

Housey, adj. (Christ’s Hospital).—Belonging or peculiar to the Hospital. The reverse of Towney = of the town.

Housle, verb (Winchester).—To hustle. [Dial.: cf. doust = dust; fousty = fusty; rousty = rusty, &c.]

Huff, subs. (Winchester).—Strong ale brewed by the College. [A survival: also HUFF-CAP.]

1579. Fulwell, Art of Flattery. Commonly called HUFCAP, it will make a man look as though he had seene the devil.

1586. Holinshed, Description of England. These men hale at HUFF-CAP till they be red as cockes, and little wiser than their combes.

1602. Campion, English Poesy (Bullen, Works, 1889, p. 247). Hunks detests when HUFFCAP ale he tipples.

1614. Greene, Looking-Glass [Dyce], p. 127. The ale is strong ale, ’tis HUFCAP; I warrant you, ’twill make a man well.

1640. Taylor, Works. And this is it, of ale-houses and innes, Wine-marchants, vintners, brewers, who much wins By others losing, I say more or lesse, Who sale of HUFCAP liquor doe professe.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life, p. 180. Washed down by libations of HUFF.

1878. Adams, Wykehamica, s.v. Huff, the strong ale brewed by the College.

Hum, verb (Derby).—To smell.

Hundred (The), subs. 1. (Loretto).—A long straight walk within the school grounds.

2. (Tonbridge: obsolete).—One of the lower football grounds. There were Upper, Middle, Lower, Fourth, and Fifth Hundreds. See Fifty.

Husky, subs. (Winchester: obsolete).—See quot.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life, p. 145. There were two kinds [Gooseberry fool] HUSKY and non-husky.

Ick. See Ack.

Iliad, subs. (Charterhouse).—The regular penalty for late attendance at chapel and other minor offences.

Imperator, subs. (Stonyhurst).—A name given to the two first boys in each class.

Impo, subs. (Charterhouse).—An imposition.

Impositor, subs. (Sherborne: obsolete).—A school Præfect: sixteenth century.

Inferior, subs. (Winchester).—Any member of the school not a Præfect (q.v.).

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life, p. 28. The Præfect of Hall ... was looked upon by the INFERIORS with something more than a becoming awe and reverence.

Inform, verb (Charterhouse).—To sneak; to show up.

Infra-dig, adj. (Winchester).—Scornful; proud: e.g. “He sported INFRA-DIG duck,” or “I am INFRA-DIG to it.”

Island, The (Rugby).—A mound or “tumulus” in the Close.

1867. Collins, The Public Schools, p. 372. They [the school volunteer corps] had not only parades, but sham fights—if a fight could be called a sham from which the combatants retired with broken heads and bloody noses—attacking and defending the Doctor’s farmyard on the little ISLAND between what were then the two Closes.

Isthmus-of-Suez, subs. (Cambridge).—The bridge at St. John’s College, Cambridge, leading from the grounds to one of the Courts, familiarly known as the “Bridge of Sighs.” Also The Bridge of Grunts. [From its slight similarity to the Venetian example. Sues = swine, in punning reference to the Johnian Hogs (q.v.).] See Crackle and Hog.

1857. Punch, June 20. A resident Fellowe he was, I wis, He had no cure of Soules; And across ye BRIDGE OF SUES he’d come From playinge ye game of bowles.

1885. Cuthbert Bede, in N. and Q., 6 S., xi. 414. Another word is Sues, for swine. This is applied to the bridge leading from the old courts to the new, familiarly known as the BRIDGE OF SIGHS from its slight similarity to the Venetian example, but also known as the ISTHMUS OF SUEZ. This word Suez was then transformed to Suez, swine, to adapt it to its Johnian frequenters.

Jack. See Black-jack.

Jackdaw, subs. (Christ’s Hospital).—Hertford for a London Blue (q.v.): obsolete.

c. 1800-29. The Blue-Coat Boy [More Gleanings from The Blue, 203]. Hertford boys called the London boys “JACKDAWS,” and those in London called those at Hertford “Hedgehogs.”

Jack-o’-Lantern, subs. (Eton and Harrow: obsolete).—A nocturnal form of “Hare and Hounds.”

1867. Collins, The Public Schools, p. 312. But there was an ancient form of it [“Hare and Hounds”] at Harrow, so especially attractive as being pursued at unlawful hours and under unusual difficulties, that it deserves special mention. It was known also in former days at Eton, and in both schools went by the name of JACK O’ LANTERN. About seven o’clock on winter evenings, when it was quite dark, the boys, by sufferance on the part of the authorities, were let out from their several boarding-houses into the fields below the school. A stout and active runner started in advance, carrying a lantern, by the light of which the rest pursued him in full cry. He showed or concealed his light from time to time, and a great point of the sport was to entice the hounds into some pool or muddy ditch (which “Jack” himself has carefully avoided) by showing the light exactly in a line on the other side.

1885. Thornton, Harrow School, p. 276. Jack-o’-lantern was abolished by Dr. George Butler, but re-appeared in Dr. Longley’s time as one of those forbidden pleasures so dear to youth. Always played in the evening, and originally by sufferance of the authorities, the game in question was simply a run across country after a lantern carried by a swift-footed boy. Oftentimes would the luckless hounds be enticed into some slough of despond, and the performers return in a condition of mud which may find its equal on a wet football day or a paper-chase forty years later, but yet present no adequate idea of the confusion caused by the return from JACK-O’-LANTERN, of thirty or forty boys at night when in ordinary clothes. It is one of the most distinct evidences that no discipline existed when we read of such a proscribed saturnalia having occurred after lock-up in Dr. Longley’s time. But the fact has been communicated to us by Harrow men whose word is indisputable.

Jambi, subs. (Harrow).—Greek Iambics; an exercise in the Upper School.

Janny, subs. (Royal High School, Edin.).—A janitor.

Jark, subs. (Oxford).—A safe-conduct pass; a JASKER. [Cf. Jark = a seal.]

1818. Scott, Heart of Midlothian, xxix. Stay, gentlemen, ... this is a JARK from Jim Radcliffe.

Jarrehoe, subs. (Wellington).—A man-servant. Cf. Gyp and Scout.

Jericho, subs. (Oxford).—A low quarter of Oxford.

Jesuit, subs. (Cambridge).—A graduate or undergraduate of Jesus College.

1771. Smollett, Humphrey Clinker, To Sir W. Phillips, April 20. Direct your next to me at Bath; and remember me to all our fellow Jesuits.

1856. Hall, College Words and Phrases, p. 270, s.v.

Jib, subs. (Dublin).—A first-year’s man.

1841. Lever, Charles O’Malley, xiv. There [referring to Trinity College Freshmen] ... are JIBS, whose names are neither known to the proctor nor the police-office.

To be jibbed, verb. phr. (Christ’s Hospital).—To be called over the coals; to get into trouble. A Hertford word, the London equivalent being TWIGGED. Obsolete.

Jiffs, The (Christ’s Hospital). See Appendix.

c. 1890. More Gleanings from The Blue, 92. North is the “Hall playground” (I use the terrene names); south, the “Library”; east, the “Ditch”; and west, the “JIFFS.”

Jig, subs. (Winchester).—A clever man: fifty years ago it meant a swindler. The word has now the meanings (1) a low joke, (2) a swindle, (3) an object of sport.

1600. Heywood, 2 Edward IV., i. 1. There domineering with his drunken crew Makes JIGS of us.

1620. Cotgrave, Dictionarie, s.v. Farce ... the JYG at the end of an enterlude, wherein some pretie knaverie is acted.

1652. Stapylton, Herodion (quoted in Notions). Devising with his mates to find a JIGG, That he thereby might make himself a king.

Jimmy. All jimmy, adv. phr. (Cambridge).—All nonsense. [Cf. Jemmy-burty (Cambridge) = an ignis fatuus.]

Jink, subs. (Durham).—A dodge: at football.

Jockey, subs. (Winchester).—(1) To supplant; (2) to appropriate; (3) to engage: e.g. “He JOCKEYED me UP to books”; “Who has JOCKEYED my baker”; “This court is JOCKEYED.” Probably an extended use of the word borrowed from turf slang. Jockey not = the Commoner cry claiming exemption, answering to “feign” at other schools: of which the College “finge” seems a translation. The opposite of JOCKEY UP = to LOSE DOWN.—Notions.

1881. Felstedian, Nov. p. 75, “A Day’s Fagging at Winchester.” Here let me observe that only the præfects have separate basins to wash in; the juniors use the two stone conduits. As there are seven who are not præfects, there is rather a rush for them, so I JOCKEY (i.e. secure) one for the “candlekeeper” by turning on some water and putting his sponge into it.

John (Westminster).—See College John.

Johnian, subs. (Cambridge).—A student of St. John’s College: also JOHNIAN PIG or Hog—see Hog. Also as adj.: e.g. JOHNIAN blazer, JOHNIAN melody, &c.

1785. Grose, Vulg. Tongue, s.v. Hog ... Johnian hogs, an appellation given to the members of St. John’s College, Cambridge.

1829. Praed, Poems, “The Vicar.” Sit in the Vicar’s seat: you’ll hear The doctrine of a gentle JOHNIAN.

1841. Westminster Review, xxxv. 236. The JOHNIANS are always known as pigs. They put up a new organ the other day which was immediately christened “Baconi Novum Organum.”

Joram, subs. (Winchester).—A tin beer-can, used in Commoners; a quart pot. [Var. dial. = a large dish or jug.] In College a Bob (q.v.) was used.

Jordan (Eton).—See Playing-fields.

Jossop, subs. (general).—Syrup; juice; gravy; sauce.

Jubilee, subs. (Winchester: obsolete).—A pleasant time: e.g. The town was all in a JUBILEE of feasts.—Dryden.

1772. G. A. Stevens, Songs Comic and Satyrical, p. 192. Day by day, and night by night, Joyful JUBILEES we keep.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life at Winchester (1866), 216. Jubilee—Any time when there was nothing to do, either in the way of lessons or fagging.

June (Eton).—See Fourth of June.

Jungle, The (Stonyhurst: obsolete).—The Seminary wood.

1889. Stonyhurst Mag., iii. 347. The welcome shade of what was facetiously called THE JUNGLE.

Junior, subs. (Winchester).—All Inferiors except the seven Candlekeepers (q.v.) and Senior Inferior.

Adj. (Winchester).—Applied to all comparable objects. Of two neighbouring trees, the bigger is the “senior”: there are a “senior” and a “JUNIOR” end to a table, a room, &c. Tight junior = lowest of all.

1891. Wrench, Winchester Word-Book, s.v. Junior.... At about the end of the fifteenth century senior and JUNIOR superseded major and minor, before which the two sets of words seem to have been used concurrently.

Junior Hall (Shrewsbury).—See Senior Hall.

Junior Soph. See Soph.

Junket! intj. (Winchester).—An exclamation of self-congratulation: e.g. “JUNKET” I’ve got a “remi.” Hence to JUNKET OVER = to exult over. [Junketing = a merry-making.]

1630. Wadsworth [Wrench]. They made him oft-times go on foot, whilst they rode about JUNKETTING in his coach.

d. 1745. Swift, Works. Whatever good bits you can pilfer in the day, save them to JUNKET with your fellow-servants at night.

Keelie, subs. (Royal High School, Edin.: obsolete).—A town boy. Now = “cad.”

Keep. To KEEP CHAPEL, verb. phr. (University).—See quot. 1852.

1850. Household Words, ii. p. 161. “As you have failed to make up your number of chapels the last two weeks,” such were the very words of the Dean, “you will, if you please, KEEP every CHAPEL till the end of the term.”

1852. Bristed, Five Years, &c., 32. The undergraduate is expected to go to chapel eight times, or, in academic parlance, to KEEP eight CHAPELS a week.

To keep cave, verb. phr. (Eton).—To watch and give warning on a tutor’s approach.

1883. Brinsley Richards, Seven Years at Eton, ch. iv. Another had to mount guard in the passage, or on the staircase, TO KEEP cave.

Kick. To kick over, verb. phr. (Winchester).—To kick a ball up in the air, when it is rolling along, or lying on the ground: considered very bad play.—Mansfield (c. 1840). Ibid., 217. Kick-in.—In a game at football the bounds on each side were kept by a line of Juniors, whose duty it was to KICK the ball IN again whenever it passed outside the line. See Kicking-in.

Kicking-in, subs. (Winchester).—See quot., and Kick.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life at Winchester College, p. 138. But football wasn’t all beer and skittles to the Fags. There was an institution called KICKING-IN, which, while it lasted, was much worse than “watching out” at cricket, although it had the very great merit of not continuing so long; for, even on a whole holiday, we seldom had more than two hours of it.

Kick-off, subs. (Winchester).—Taking the football in hand and kicking it into the air: this was done after each Schitt (q.v.), Gowner (q.v.), or Goal (q.v.) by the losing side, and whenever a ball that had been kicked up in the air had been caught by one of the other side.—Mansfield (c. 1840).

Kid, subs. 1. (Winchester).—Cheese.

2. (The Leys).—A boy under fifteen. Hence KID-SIXES = football for KIDS—six a side.

Kill, verb (Winchester).—To hurt badly.

1800. Edgeworth, Castle Rackrent, “Glossary.” This word [KILL] ... means not killed, but much hurt. In Ireland, not only cowards but the brave “die many times before their death.” There “killing is no murder.”

1836. Marryat, Japhet, iii. Sure enough it cured me, but wasn’t I quite KILT before I was cured.

Kill-me-quick, subs. (The Leys).—A tuck-shop cake.

King Edward’s, Birm.—A curious custom exists here of inherited nicknames: e.g. Years ago a boy named Pearson was nicknamed “Jelly”; every Pearson, though unrelated to the other, for many years afterwards was nicknamed “Jelly.” A trio of brothers have been successively named “Tiddley,” others “Topsy,” and “Bowie.” An elder brother was called “Pussy,” and his younger brother “Kitten.”

Kings, To get kings, verb. phr. (Eton).—To obtain a scholarship at King’s Coll., Cambridge. See Ripping.

Kingsman, subs. (Cambridge).—A member of King’s College.

1852. Bristed, Five Years, 127. He came out the winner, with the KINGSMAN, and one of our three.

Kip, verb (Royal High School, Edin.).—To play truant. Common throughout Scotland. [Possibly from “skip.”]

Kish, subs. (Marlborough).—A cushion: in ordinary use doubled up under the arm for carrying school books, as well as for sitting on in Form or Hall. As verb = to use a cushion as a weapon of offence. See Compound-kish.

Kittle-nine-steps, subs. phr. (Royal High School, Edin.: obsolete).—A pass on the very brink of the Castle rock, to the north, by which it is just possible for a goat or a High School boy to turn the corner of the building where it rises from the edge of the precipice. See Hell-and-neck-boy.

Klondyke, subs. (The Leys).—A cross-country run to St. Botolph’s.

Knave, subs. (Christ’s Hospital).—A dunce: at Hertford, a KNACK.

Knock. To knock in, verb. phr. (Oxford).—1. To return to College after GATE is closed.

1825. English Spy, i. 155. “Close the oak, Jem,” said Horace Eglantine, “and take care no one KNOCKS IN before we have knocked down the contents of your master’s musical mélange.”

1837. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, p. 464 [ed. 1862]. That same afternoon Father Dick, who as soon Would KNOCK IN or “cut chapel,” as jump o’er the moon, Was missing at vespers—at complines—all night! And his monks were of course in a deuce of a fright.

1853. Cuthbert Bede, Verdant Green, I. xi. At first, too, he was on such occasions greatly alarmed at finding the gates of Brazenface closed, obliging him thereby to KNOCK IN.

1861. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, p. 458 [ed. 1864]. There’s twelve striking. I must KNOCK IN. Good night. You’ll be round to breakfast at nine?

2. To knock out, verb. phr. (Oxford).—To leave college after hours: of out of college men only. See Knock in.

1861. H. Kingsley, Ravenshoe, vii. Five out-college men had KNOCKED OUT at a quarter to three, refusing to give any name but the dean’s.

1861. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, xlv. p. 503 [ed. 1864]. “Hullo!” he said, getting up; “time for me to KNOCK OUT, or old Copas will be in bed.”

3. To knock up, verb. phr. (Christ’s Hospital).—To gain a place in class: e.g. I KNOCKED UP, and “I KNOCKED Jones UP.” The Hertford equivalent is OX UP (q.v.). Both forms are now obsolete.

Knuckle. To knuckle down, verb. phr. (Winchester).—To kneel.

1748. Dyche, Dict. (5th ed.). Knuckle-down (verb) to stoop, bend, yield, comply with, or submit to.

Labyrinth (The), subs. (Stonyhurst: obsolete).—A part of the Garden.

Lag, subs. (Harrow).—The last. The “lag of the school,” the last boy in Bill-order (q.v.) in the school.

1881. Pascoe, Every-day Life in our Public Schools. Every morning the LAG junior prepares and brings to hall the list.

Lage, subs. (University: obsolete).—To wash. [Cf. the old cant term lagge = a bundle of clothes for washing.]

Lamb’s-tails, subs. (The Leys).—A cake sold at the tuck-shop.

Landies, subs. (Winchester: obsolete).—Gaiters. [From tradespeople—Landy and Currell—who supplied them.]

Land of Promises, subs. phr. (University).—See quot.

1823. Grose, Vulg. Tongue, s.v. Land of Promises. The fair expectation cherished by a steady novice at Oxford.

Land of Sheepishness, subs. phr. (old University).—See quot.

1823. Grose, Vulg. Tongue, s.v. Land of Sheepishness. Schoolboy’s bondage.

Largitate, subs. (The Leys).—Apple-pie. [From the College grace.]

Lash, verb (Christ’s Hospital).—To envy. Generally in imperative as a taunt.

1890. The Blue, Oct., “The Queen in the City.” Our lips LASH on learning that the “general bill of fare” contained 200 tureens of turtle, 200 bottles of sherbot (what is this?), 50 boiled turkeys, and oysters.

Late-play, subs. (Westminster).—A half-holiday or holiday beginning at noon. See Early Play.

Launch, verb (general).—See quots.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life at Winchester (1866), 218. Launch—To drag a boy out of bed, mattress, bed-clothes, and all.

1865. G. J. Berkeley, My Life, &c., i. 129. I had [at Sandhurst about 1815] to undergo the usual torments of being LAUNCHED, that is, having my bed reversed while I was asleep; of being thrown on the floor on my face, with the mattress on my back, and all my friends or foes dancing on my prostrate body.

Lawful Time, subs. (Winchester).—Recess; playtime.

Leave, subs. (general).—Leave of absence from school; a holiday.

Leaving-money, subs. (Eton). See quot.

1865. Etoniana, p. 70. The restrictions [temp. Eliz.] by which the masters were forbidden to take any fees (even from oppidans) was probably evaded, almost from the first, by the system then universal in all transactions of giving presents, under which heading the sons of wealthy parents soon began to pay pretty highly for their education. Traces of this arrangement remain in the custom still prevailing—not at all to the credit of the school—of presenting a sum as LEAVING-MONEY to the head-master and the private tutor. At what time assistant-masters were first appointed does not appear; but they were no doubt paid, up to a comparatively late date, entirely from such fees as the parents of those under their tuition chose to give them.

Lecker, subs. 1. (Oxford).—A lecture.

2. (Harrow).—The electric light.

Legion of Honour, subs. (Cambridge).—The last twelve in the mathematical TRIPOS (q.v.).

1785. Grose, Vulg. Tongue, s.v. Pluck.... These unfortunate fellows are designated by many opprobrious appellations, such as the Twelve Apostles, the LEGION OF HONOUR, Wise Men of the East, &c.

Lemonade, subs. (Stonyhurst).—A day of high festival, coming twice a year, at Shrove-tide and at Easter.

Lemon Peel Fight, subs. phr. (Charterhouse: obsolete).—See quot.

1900. Tod, Charterhouse, 80. On Shrove-Tuesday, according to a custom dating from 1850 or probably earlier, every boy used to receive half a lemon with his pancake at dinner. This he reserved to use as a missile in the fight which was to take place directly afterwards. At Old Charterhouse, gownboys used to stand against the rest of the school, and the fight consisted in each side pelting the other with the half lemons. It lasted for fifteen or twenty minutes, and was begun and ended by a house bell being rung. During these twenty minutes a good many bruises and black eyes could be received, for combatants fought at quite close quarters; and unpopular monitors were sometimes badly damaged. At New Charterhouse the sides were at first Old Charterhouse v. New. In 1877 they were changed again to Out-houses v. The Rest. This was the last fight. Grave abuses had crept in. The lemons were no longer simple lemons, but a sort of bomb-shell, loaded with pebbles or ink, and several boys were badly hurt. So the Sixth Form in 1878 “totally abolished LEMON PEEL as a barbarous and obsolete practice.” It required a strong Sixth Form to do this, for the fight was popular, and their action is one of the best things that the school has done for itself. Its abolition differs from the abolition of fighting; the latter became obsolete through the action of public opinion; LEMON PEEL was abolished by an ukase almost in defiance of public opinion.

Lent Suppers. See Public-supping.

Let. To let in, verb. phr. (Oxford).—To associate with.

1861. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, i. He has also been good enough to recommend to me many tradesmen, ... but, with the highest respect for friend Perkins (my scout) and his obliging friends, I shall make some inquiries before LETTING IN with any of them.

Let-out, subs. (Tonbridge).—Any less extensive holiday than a half holiday.

Levite, subs. (Tonbridge).—A boy leaving the school.

Levy, subs. (Rugby).—See quot.

1856. Hughes, Tom Brown’s School-days, viii. In fact, the solemn assembly, a LEVY of the school, had been held, at which the captain of the school had got up, and, after premising that several instances had occurred of matters having been reported to the masters; that this was against public morality and School tradition; that a LEVY of the sixth had been held on the subject, and they had resolved that the practice must be stopped at once.

Lib, subs. (Charterhouse).—The Library. Whence LIB. COLL. = a collection of library books.

Licet, adj. and adv. (Winchester).—Allowed; permissible; befitting a Wykehamist.

Lick. To lick off the Field, verb. phr. (Harrow).—To get five Bases (q.v.) before the other side scores one, in a Footer (q.v.) House-match: this closes the game.

Lie. To lie in, verb. phr. (Royal Military Academy).—To keep one’s room when supposed to be out on leave.

Lincoln Devil (The), subs. (Oxford).—A curious gilded deformed image (copied from a figure in Lincoln Cathedral) which decorates the bows of the Lincoln boat. Replicas are honoured by, and found in the rooms of, most Lincoln men.

Lines, subs. (general).—The usual punishment—the copying out of so many lines of Greek or Latin. Hence TO BE PUT ON LINES (Harrow) = to have to show up so many lines each half-hour for a certain number of half-holidays, for being late for chapel, &c.

Links, subs. (Loretto).—A short run or walk before breakfast: about half a mile. [Formerly always across Musselburgh Links: now there are various LINKS according to circumstances.]

Lion, subs. (old University).—See quot.

1785. Grose, Vulg. Tongue, s.v. Lion.... Also the name given by the gownsmen of Oxford to inhabitants or visitors.

Lions, The (Stonyhurst).—The two pillars in front of the College.

Little Figures, subs. (Stonyhurst: obsolete).—The old name for the class of Elements (q.v.).

1895. Stonyhurst Magazine, v. p. 519. I was sent to Stonyhurst, when I was put into the class of LITTLE FIGURES.

Little Figuricians, subs. phr. (Stonyhurst).—See Little Figures.

Little-go, subs. (University).—The public examination which students at the English Universities have to pass in the second year of residence: also called the “previous examination” (as preceding the final one for a degree), and, at Oxford, SMALLS (q.v.).

1841. Thackeray, King of Brentford’s Testament, 86, 7. At college, though not fast, Yet his LITTLE-GO and great-go He creditably pass’d.

1849. Thackeray, Pendennis, iii. A tutor, don’t you see, old boy? He’s coaching me, and some other men, for the LITTLE-GO.

1853. Bradley, Verdant Green, vii. “Oh,” said Mr. Charles Larkyns, “they give you no end of trouble at these places; and they require the vaccination certificate before you go in for your responsions—the LITTLE-GO, you know.”

Little Man, subs. (Eton).—See quot., and Appendix.

1866-72. Sketchy Memoirs of Eton, p. 16. He called the footman (or LITTLE MAN ...) and bade him reach down the obnoxious placard.

Little Refectory, subs. (Stonyhurst: obsolete).—A room in the old College, sometimes used as a refectory for smaller boys.

Little-side, subs. (Rugby).—A term applied to all games organised between houses only. See Big-side.

1856. Hughes, Tom Brown’s School-days, vii. In all the games too he joined with all his heart, and soon became well versed in all the mysteries of football, by continual practice at the School-house LITTLE-SIDE, which played daily.

Lob, subs. (Winchester).—A “yorker”; never, as in ordinary cricket phraseology, an underhand delivery.

Lobster, intj. (general).—A signal of a master’s approach.

Verb (Winchester).—To cry. [Lowster or louster (South) = to make a clumsy rattling noise.]

Lockback, subs. (Winchester).—A Holiday or Remedy (q.v.), on which, from bad weather or any other cause, the boys did not go on to Hills (q.v.), but remained on the school side of Seventh Chamber Passage Gate.—Mansfield (c. 1840).

Lockees, subs. (Westminster).—Lockhouse.

Lockites (Charterhouse).—See Out-houses.

Locks and Keys, intj. (Winchester).—See Peals.

Lock-up, subs. (Harrow).—Locking up—the time by which all have to be in their Houses for the night; the hour varies with the season, from 5.30 P.M. to 8.30 P.M.

Log, subs. (general).—The last boy of his “form” or “house.”

Logie, subs. (Winchester).—Sewage.

Log-pond, subs. (Winchester).—A sewer.

London-cricket, subs. (Stonyhurst).—The modern game: to distinguish it from Stonyhurst-cricket (q.v.).

Long. The Long (University).—The summer vacation.

1852. Bristed, Five Years in an English University, p. 37. For a month or six weeks in THE LONG they rambled off to see the sights of Paris.

1863. Reade, Hard Cash, i. 17. “I hope I shall not be [‘ploughed for smalls’] to vex you and puss ...” “... Puss? that is me [sister Julia]. How dare he? Did I not forbid all these nicknames and all this Oxfordish, by proclamation, last LONG.” “Last LONG?” [remonstrates mamma]. “Hem! last protracted vacation.”

The Longs, subs. (Oxford).—The latrines at Brasenose. [Built by Lady Long.]

Long-box, subs. (Winchester).—A deal box for holding bats, stumps, balls, &c.—Mansfield (c. 1840).

Long Chamber, subs. (Eton).—See quot. Long Chamber still exists, but in a very different condition.

1890. Great Public Schools, 14. To Francis Hodgson, who was elected Provost in 1840, is primarily due the vast improvement in the condition of the scholars, or collegers, which was effected in the course of the next few years.... Long Chamber, a dormitory containing no less than fifty-two beds, notorious for its filth and discomfort, was considerably curtailed, and separate rooms were provided for forty-nine boys by the erection of a new wing.

Long-dispar, subs. (Winchester).—See quot.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life, 84. There were six of these [DISPARS (q.v.) or portions] to a shoulder, and eight to a leg of mutton, the other joints being divided in like proportion. All these “dispars” had different names; the thick slice out of the centre of the leg was called a “middle cut,” ... the ribs “Racks,” the loin LONG DISPARS.

Long-fork, subs. (Winchester).—See quot.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life, 80. We had not proper toasting forks, but pieces of stick called LONG FORKS.

Long-glass, subs. (Eton).—See quot.

1883. Brinsley Richards, Seven Years at Eton, 321. A glass nearly a yard long, shaped like the horn of a stage-coach guard, and with a hollow globe instead of a foot. It held a quart of beer, and the ceremony of drinking out of it constituted an initiation into the higher circle of Etonian swelldom. There was LONG-GLASS drinking once or twice a week during the summer half. The invités attended in an upper room of Tap after two, and each before the long glass was handed to him had a napkin tied round his neck. It was considered a grand thing to drain the glass without removing it from the lips, and without spilling any of its contents. This was difficult, because when the contents of the tubular portion of the glass had been sucked down, the beer in the globe would remain for a moment as if congealed there: then if the drinker tilted the glass up a little, and shook it, the motionless beer would give a gurgle and come with a sudden rush all over his face. There was a way of holding the long glass at a certain angle by which catastrophes were avoided. Some boys could toss off their quart of ale in quite superior style, and I may as well remark that these clever fellows could do little else.

Long-grass, subs. (Winchester).—All Meads (q.v.) except the paths and Turf (q.v.).

Long-meads, subs. 1. (Winchester).—A field between Sick-house (q.v.) and Commoners (q.v.): now thrown into Meads (q.v.).

2. (Winchester).—“The time after dinner on summer evenings, when we went on to Underhills.”—Mansfield (c. 1840).

Long-paper, subs. (Winchester).—Foolscap.

Long Quarter, subs. (Charterhouse).—One of the school terms: now the shortest of the three, which are Long, Summer, and Oration Quarter. The Summer is colloquially known as Cricket-Quarter, and the oration has been abolished.

Long Room, The (Stonyhurst).—The Museum. [From its shape.]

Long Wallyford, subs. (Loretto).—The usual run on a wet short school day: about five miles. See Wallyford and Faside.

Lord’s (Winchester and Harrow).—See Appendix.

Lorettonian, subs. (Loretto).—Frequently applied to boys who wear even fewer clothes than usual at Loretto; or who delight in violating the conventions of the outside world in sensible ways.

Lose. To lose down (Winchester).—See Jockey.

Loss. Fain loss, intj. (Felsted).—The formula by which a claim was made to a vacant seat. An obsolete equivalent was Fain lo; also No loss. See Fain.

Lounge, subs. (Eton and Cambridge).—A treat; a chief meal. See Appendix.

1864. The Press, Nov. 12. By the way, we miss the Etonian word LOUNGE, for which there is classic authority. “I don’t care for dinner,” said Harry Coningsby at his grandfather’s table; “breakfast is my LOUNGE.”

Lout, subs. (Rugby).—Any one of the poorer classes: not necessarily an awkward, lubberly individual.

1856. Hughes, Tom Brown’s School-days, v. “Hullo tho’,” says East, pulling up, and taking another look at Tom, “this’ll never do—haven’t you got a hat?—we never wear caps here. Only the LOUTS wear caps. Bless you, if you were to go into the quadrangle with that thing on, I——don’t know what’d happen.”

Lower Club (Eton).—See Playing-fields.

Lower Line, subs. (Stonyhurst).—The four lowest classes.

1890. Felstedian, Feb., p. 2. Well, Johnson ma, happening to meet Tompkins mi just before first Prep, &c.

Low-man, subs. (Cambridge).—A Junior Optimé as compared to a Senior Optimé or a Wrangler.

Luff, verb (Derby).—To hit out; to slog: as at cricket.

Lush, subs. (Eton).—A dainty.

Lux, subs. (Christ’s Hospital).—A good thing; a splendid thing: e.g. My knife is wooston a LUX. A Hertford word [? luxury]. Obsolete.

Luxer, subs. (Winchester: obsolete).—A handsome fellow.

Mad, adj. (Winchester).—Angry; vexed. [Old English, now dial. in England, but universal in America. “Originally severely injured” (Skeat). “Enraged, furious” (Johnson).]

1369. Chaucer, Troilus [Skeat, 1894], line 479. Ne made him thus in armes for to MADDE.

1593. Shakspeare, Titus And., iii. 1. 104. Had I but seen thy picture in this plight, It would have MADDED me. Ibid., iii. 1. 223. If the winds rage doth not the sea wax MAD.

1596. Jonson, Every Man in His Humour, iv. 1. You’d MAD the patient’st body in the world.

1607. Middleton, Your Five Gallants [De Vere]. They are MAD; she graced me with one private minute above their fortunes.

1611. Acts xxvi. 11 [Authorised Version].—And being exceeding MAD against them, I persecuted them even unto strange cities.

1667. Pepys, Diary, iv. 482 [Bickers, 1875]. The king is MAD at her entertaining Jermin, and she is MAD at Jermin’s going to marry from her, so they are all MAD; and so the kingdom is governed.

1816. Pickering, Collection of Words, &c., s.v. Mad, in the sense of “angry,” is considered as a low word in this country, and at the present day is never used except in very familiar conversation.

1824. R. B. Peake, Americans Abroad, i. 1. I guess—I’m MADDED, but I’ll bite in my breath a bit—not that I’m sitch a tarnation fool as to believe all you tell me.

1848. Ruxton, Life in the Far West, p. 167. That nation is MAD.

1871. New Era, April [De Vere]. The Squire’s MAD riz.

1891. N. Gould, Double Event, p. 189. My eye! won’t he be just MAD.

Made-beer, subs. (Winchester).—College swipes bottled with rice, a few raisins, sugar, and nutmeg to make it “up.”

Magistrand, subs. (Aberdeen).—A student in arts of the last (the fourth) year. Cf. Bejan.

Make, verb (Winchester).—1. To appropriate.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life, 46. In the matter of certain articles ... supplied by the College, we used to put a liberal interpretation on the eighth commandment, ... and it was considered fair to MAKE them if you could.

2. To appoint Præfect.

Man, subs. (general).—A student: almost universal in School phraseology instead of “boy.”

1811. Lex. Bal., s.v. Man (Cambridge). Any undergraduate from fifteen to thirty. As, a MAN of Emanuel—a young member of Emanuel.

1853. Bradley, Verdant Green, iii. The thought that he was going to be an Oxford MAN fortunately assisted him in the preservation of that tranquil dignity and careless ease which he considered to be the necessary adjuncts of the manly character ... and Mr. Verdant Green was enabled to say “Good-bye” with a firm voice and undimmed spectacles.

See Wise Men of the East.

Marker, subs. (Cambridge).—A person employed to walk up and down chapel during a part of the service, pricking off the names of the students present.

1849. Blackwood’s Mag., May. His name pricked off upon the MARKER’S roll, No twinge of conscience racks his easy soul.

Master, subs. (Winchester: obsolete).—A title: of rustics, bargees, &c.

Match, subs. (Stonyhurst).—A division in which the boys play: e.g. “I’m in the third MATCH.” “This is the second MATCH ground.” “He’s a first MATCH bowler.”

Math. Ex., subs. (Charterhouse).—A mathematical exercise.

Mathemat, subs. (Christ’s Hospital).—See quots.

1895. Gleanings from The Blue, 1870-95, 77. It is true that the MATHEMAT does take the labours of his hands to the Queen, and is proud to do so; but it is a pity that the reputation of the school should depend upon such ceremonies as these. [See Appendix.]

1900. Pall Mall Gaz., 20th Mar., 3. 2. One of the things that strike a stranger is the metal plate upon some shoulders, so it may be as well to say here that it merely marks the members of the Mathematical School, which trains boys for the sea, and interested Mr. Samuel Pepys.

Mathy, subs. (Manchester Grammar).—Mathematics.

Matron’s-gift, subs. (Christ’s Hospital).—See quot.

c. 1844. Reminiscences of Christ’s Hospital [Blue, Aug. 1874]. Once annually the boys were served at supper with what was called the “MATRON’S GIFT,”—cream cheese; but they never could appreciate this luxury. It was in vain that the good old matron, with a sister the very counterpart of herself, walked round the different tables, expatiating in glowing terms upon the merits of this “beautiful cheese,” as she called it, and wondering how any one could fail to have a liking for this luxurious gift.

May, subs. (Cambridge).—Easter Term examinations, &c.

1852. Bristed, Five Years, &c., 70. As the MAY approached I began to feel nervous.

1891. Harry Fludyer at Cambridge, 104. I suppose you know the Mater and the girls are coming up here for the MAY week. It’s called the MAY week, but we always have it early in June now. I believe, some years ago, it really used to be in May.

1896. Felstedian, June, 95, “Cambridge Letter.” The MAYS were rowed under very favourable conditions, and produced some grand struggles.

Meads, subs. (Winchester).—The College cricket ground. Water-meads = the valley of the Itchen.

Medes and Persians, subs. phr. (Winchester).—Jumping on a MAN (q.v.) when in bed.

Melon, subs. (Royal Military Academy).—A new cadet.

Men. See Wise Men of the East.

Mesopotamia, subs. 1. (Oxford).—See quot.

1886. Pall Mall Gazette, 23rd June, p. 13. Every Oxford man has known and loved the beauties of the walk called MESOPOTAMIA.

2. (Eton).—See Playing-fields.

Mess, subs. (Winchester).—See quot.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life at Winchester (1866), 219. Mess—The Præfects’ tables in Hall were called “Tub, Middle, and Junior MESS” respectively. The boys who dined at each were also so named. Any number of boys who habitually breakfasted together were so called with some distinguishing prefix, such as “Deputy’s MESS.” In Chambers tea was called MESS; as was also the remains of a joint of meat. Lest the reader should make a “MESS” of all these different meanings, I will give a sentence in which they shall all figure: “Look there, Junior MESS has sat down at Tub MESS, but as they will find nothing left but a MESS, they had better go down to Chambers, as MESS is ready.”

Middle-briars, subs. (Charterhouse).—A recess in the middle of cloisters where Eleven meetings used to be held; now a place in cloisters where names are carved: becoming obsolete.

Middle-cut, subs. (Winchester).—See quot., and Dispar.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life, p. 84. There were ... eight [portions] to a leg of mutton; ... the thick slice out of the centre of the leg was called a MIDDLE CUT.

Middle Fire (Westminster).—See Upper Fire.

Middle-green (Charterhouse).—The new cricket-ground used by “The Maniacs.”

Middle-mess, subs. (Winchester).—See Mess.

Middle Part the Fifth, subs. phr. (Winchester).—Generally called MIDDLE PART. See Books.

Middle-week, subs. (Rugby).—A half-holiday on every third Monday. [Modern Rugs (q.v.) say “because it was never the middle of anything.”]

Milk-hole, subs. (Winchester).—The hole formed by the ROUSH (q.v.) under POT (q.v.).

Miller (Harrow).—“The Milling Ground”: between the school-yard and Squash (q.v.) courts. Here all fights had to be conducted in public. The practice is extinct, and the ground is now used as a Morris-tube range.

Minister, subs. (Stonyhurst).—The superior responsible for the matériel: as food, servants, &c.

Minor, subs. (Eton).—A younger brother. Also Mi.

1864. Eton School-days, vii. “Let my MINOR pass, you fellows!” exclaimed Horsham.

1890. Felstedian, Feb., p. 2. I was born in the month of Tompkins MI.

Mitre, subs. (University).—A hat. See Tufts.

Moab, subs. 1. (University: obsolete).—A hat; specifically, the turban-shaped hat fashionable among ladies 1858-9. [From the Scripture phrase, “Moab is my wash-pot” (Ps. lx. 8).]

1864. Reader, Oct. 22. Moab, a ... hat.... University it is all over. We feel sure we know the undergraduate who coined the expression; he is now a solemn don delivering lectures in Cambridge.

1884. Graphic, 20th Sept., p. 307-2. The third, with his varnished boots, his stiff brown MOAB of the newest fashion, his well-displayed shirt-cuffs.

2. (Winchester).—See quot.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life, 190. On the west side of school court, a spacious room, nicknamed MOAB, has been erected, with numerous marble basins, and an unlimited supply of fresh water.

1865. Etoniana, 21. Like Wykeham’s scholars, the Eton boys rose [temp. Eliz.] at five, said their Latin prayers antiphonally while dressing, then made their own beds and swept out their chambers. Two by two they then “went down” to wash, probably at some outdoor conduit or fountain like the old Winchester MOAB.

1867. Collins, The Public Schools, p. 45. Independent of very early hours and somewhat coarse fare, it was not pleasant to have to wash at the old MOAB, as it was called—an open conduit in the quadrangle, where it was necessary, on a severe winter morning, for a junior to melt the ice on the stop-cock with a lighted faggot before any water could be got to flow at all.

Mob. To mob up, verb. phr. (Charterhouse).—To hustle; TO BARGE (q.v.); TO BRICK (q.v.).

Mods, subs. (Oxford).—The first public examination for degrees. [An abbreviation of “Moderations.”]

1887. Chambers’s Journal, 14th May, 310. Mods cannot be attempted until the end of one year from matriculation, and need not be tackled until the expiration of two.

Monarch, subs. (Eton).—The ten-oared boat.

Money and Direction Rolls, intj. (Winchester).—See Peals.

Monitor, subs. 1. (Stonyhurst).—One of the chief members of the Higher Line Sodality (q.v.), responsible for the behaviour of the other boys in Church and Chapel.

2. (general).—A senior scholar entrusted with the supervision of school work and pastimes. See Præfect.

Monkey. See Fresh-herring, and Appendix.

Monos, subs. (Westminster).—A junior detailed for duty during regular school hours, who remains on guard at the door of the college, as a sentinel, to see that no suspicious characters find their way in. This functionary is known as MONOS [i.e. Monitor ostii].... An officer of the same kind ... at Winchester ... bore a similar name, Ostiarius (q.v.).—Collins.

Mons, subs. (Winchester).—A crowd. Also as verb: e.g. “Square round there, don’t MONS.”

Montem, subs. (Eton).—An Eton custom up to 1847, which consisted in the scholars going in procession on the Whit-Tuesday of every third year to a mound (Lat. ad montem) near the Bath Road, and exacting a gratuity from persons present or passing by. The collection was given to the captain or senior scholar, and helped to defray his expenses at the University. See Salt, and Sloane MS. 4839, f. 85.

1890. Brewer, Phrase and Fable, s.v. Salt-hill. The mound at Eton [near the Bath Road], where the Eton scholars used to collect money from the visitors on Montem day. The mound is still called Salt Hill, and the money given was called salt. The word salt is similar to the Latin sala’rium (salary), the pay given to Roman soldiers and civil officers. Ibid. Montem.... Sometimes as much as £1000 was thus collected.

Morning-hills, subs. (Winchester).—See quot.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life, 52. On holidays and Remedies we were turned out for a couple of hours on to St. Catherine’s Hill ... once before breakfast (MORNING HILLS), and again in the afternoon (MIDDLE HILLS).

Mortar-board (or Mortar), subs. (general).—The trencher-cap worn at certain Public Schools and at the Universities.

1600. Kemp, Nine Days’ Wonder, “Ded. Ep.” So that methinkes I could flye to Rome ... with a MORTER on my head.

d. 1635. Bishop Corbet to T. Coryate. No more shall man with MORTAR on his head Set forward towards Rome.

1647. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, v. 2. He ... may now travel to Rome with a MORTAR on’s head.

1857. Cuthbert Bede, Verdant Green, pt. II. ch. iii. “I don’t mind this ’ere MORTAR-BOARD, sir,” remarked the professor of the noble art of self-defence, as he pointed to the academical cap which surmounted his head.

1864. Fun, 21st May, p. 96. Anon I saw a gentle youth (no “sub fusc” undergrad.). “Toga virilis” he had none, no MORTAR-BOARD he had.

1881. Pascoe, Every-day Life, 147. On admission ... a boy provides himself with a MORTAR or college-cap.

1898. Stonyhurst Mag., Dec., p. 149, “Life at Oxford.” The wearing of a cap and gown is another novelty for freshmen. At first one is apt to feel very foolish under a “MORTAR-BOARD” and in the folds of the academic gown, particularly in the miserable garb assigned to commoners (i.e. undergraduates without scholarships).

Mouse-digger, subs. (Winchester).—See quot.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life, 150. Plying the MOUSE-DIGGER (a kind of diminutive pick-axe) in search of mice.

Mud-student, subs. (general).—A student at the Agricultural College, Cirencester.

1856. Notes and Queries, 2 S., ii. 198. A young friend of mine ... a MUD-STUDENT.

Muff, verb (Eton).—To fail in an examination; TO BE SPUN (q.v.) or PLUCKED (q.v.); TO SKIP A COG (q.v.).

1884. Julian Sturgis, in Longmans’ Mag., iii. 617. Freddy and Tommy and Dicky have all MUFFED for the army. It’s really dreadful!

To muff a catch, verb. phr. (Stonyhurst).—To catch a ball against the chest, or in any way not clean with both hands. In cricket, as played at Stonyhurst, such a catch did not put the batsman out: obsolete.

Mug, verb (Winchester and Sherborne).—(1) To study; to work hard: e.g. I MUGGED all the morning, and shall thoke (Winchester) this afternoon. (2) To take pains; to beautify: e.g. “He has MUGGED his study, and made it quite cud.” [Cf. mug = to paint the face or “make up.”] Hence MUGSTER = a hard-working student. See -STER and Bat-mugger.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life, 122. The præfects would ... set to work MUGGING.

1881. Felstedian, Nov., p. 74. I remember that the senior præfect is going to get up to MUG early before chapel.

1890. G. Allen, The Tents of Shem, xxiv. “Miss Knyvett,” and he paused with his brush upturned, “you’re a sight too clever for me to talk to.” “Not clever,” Iris corrected; “only well read. I’ve MUGGED it up out of books, that’s all.” Ibid., ii. Instead of reading her “Odyssey” and her “Lucretius,” and MUGGING up amusing works on conic sections.

Muse, subs. (Charterhouse).—The Museum.

Mustard-and-Pepper Keeper, subs. phr. (Winchester).—An appointment in the gift of Præfect of Hall, which exempted the holder from Watching-out (q.v.) at cricket, or Kicking-in (q.v.) at football.—Mansfield (c. 1840). Obsolete.

Muttoner, subs. (Winchester: obsolete).—A blow on the knuckles from a cricket-ball while holding the bat.

Muzz, verb (Westminster).—To read.

Nail, subs. (Winchester).—See quot., and Bibling.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life at Winchester (1866), 221. To stand up under the NAIL—the punishment inflicted on a boy detected in a lie; he was ordered to stand up on Junior Row, just under the centre sconce, during the whole of school time. At the close of it he received a Bibler.

Verb. To impress for any kind of fagging; to detect.

Name. To order one’s name, verb. phr. (Winchester: obsolete).—See quots.

c. 1840. Mansfield, School-Life at Winchester, 223. Order your name. An order given to a delinquent by the Head or Second Master, which was carried out by the boy requesting the Ostiarius to do so, the consequence of which was, that at the end of school that officer presented to the Master the victim’s name on a Roll, who forthwith received a Scrubbing. When the words to the Bible-clerk were added, the business was confided to that officer, who, with the Ostiarius, officiated at the subsequent ceremony, which in this case was called a Bibler.

1878. Adams, Wykehamica, xxiii. 429. Order your name, the direction given to an offender by any of the authorities. The boy so directed, if he was in College, or if the order was given in school, had to go to the Ostiarius—or to the Præfect in course, if the offence was committed in Commoners—and give information of the order, and the reason why it had been given. The Ostiarius, or the Præfect in course, wrote down the culprit’s name, together with that of the Master, and the offence, and carried it up to the Head or Second Master, when due execution was done.