INDEX.
Reading edition
Abies, 246
Acacia, 288
— arabica, 165
Acetic acid, 154, 221, 410
Acid, acetic, 154, 221, 410
— amido-acetic, 61
— — -caproic, 61
— — -propionic, 61
— — -succinic, 61
— arsenious, 26
— aspartic, 61
— benzoic, 29
— boric, 155, 162, 221, 229
— butyric, 61
— carbolic, 26, 295
— carbonic, 99, 105, 161
— chromic, 200
— cresotinic, 29, 162
— digallic, 295
— ellagic, 231, 296
— ellagitannic, 231, 297
— formic, 154, 159, 410
— gallotannic, 295
— hydrochloric, 154, 157
— lactic, 154, 158, 221
— linolenic, 355
— oleic, 240, 354, 360
— oxalic, 155, 221
— oxynaphthoic, 30, 163
— perchromic, 200
— protocatechuic, 295
— pyroligneous, 154
— salicylic, 28, 295
— stearic, 351
— sulphuric, 114, 154, 157, 410
— sulphurous, 23, 114, 338
— xanthoproteic, 67
Acids, action on hide, 84
— amido-, 61, 66
— in tanning liquors, 20
— mineral, 23
— use in softening, 114
Acrilene bating acid, 163
Adipose tissue, 53
Æthalium septicum, 10
African oak, 257
Ageing, 188
Ailantus, 272
Air, capacity for moisture, 426
— cost of heating, 428
— -filters, 439
— -passages, 437
— weight of, 428
Alanine, 61
Albumin of hide, 65
Albumins, 56, 66
Alcohol, action on hide, 83
Alcoholic fermentation, 13, 16
Alder, 250
Allen, 366
Aleppo pine, 248
Algarobilla, 286, 293
Alizarine colours, 403
Alkalies, action on gelatine, 89
— — on hide, 84
Alkaline carbonates, 138
Alnus, 250
Alsop, 313
Alum, 159, 339, 185
Alumed leathers, 2, 4, 9
— — dyeing, 402
Alumina, 185
— in water, 103
— soap, 352
Aluminium, 185
Amido-acetic acid, 61
— -acids, 61, 66
— -caproic acid, 61
— -propionic acid, 61
— -succinic acid, 61
Amines, 173
Amœba, 10
Ammonium chloride, 157, 159
— sulphate, 159, 184
Analysis of tanning materials, 300, 475, 482
Anacardiaceæ, 269
Andreasch, 272
Angicabark, 293
Anhydrides of tannins, 297
Aniline dyes, 394
Anion, 80
Anogeissus, 293
Anticalcium, 29, 157
Antiseptics, 21
A.O.A.C. method, 300, 312, 482
Apocynaceæ, 279
Apples of Sodom, 261
Arata, 269
Arbutus, 279
Archbutt and Deeley, 95
Arctostaphylos, 279
Arsenic, 26
— cures, 39, 42
— -limes, 194
— sulphide, 139, 142
Arsenious acid, 26
Aspartic acid, 61
Aspidospermum, 279
Association of Official Agric. Chem., 300, 312, 482
Atmospheric pressure, 422
Attractions of molecules, 74
Avidity of acids, 81
Azo-colours, 399
Bablah, 289
Babool, 165, 228, 288
Babul—see Babool
Bacillus erodiens, 175
Bacteria, 14, 15
— aerobic and anaerobic, 471
Bacterial filters, 469, 472
— products, 18, 19
Bacterium furfuris, 166
Badamier bark, 282
Bag-tannage, 235
Bakau bark, 283
Balance, analytical, 310
Balaustines, 285
Bali-babilan, 288
Balsamocarpon, 286
Band-knife splitting machine, 384, 387
Banksia, 268
Barbed wire scratches, 43
Barium chloride, 391
— sulphydrate, 142
Bark, 243, 244
Bark mills, 316, 452
Barytes, 390
Basic chrome liquors, 211, 241
— salts, 187, 199
Bast, 243
Bastin, 244
Bate-shavings, 463
— -stains, 176
Bating, 8, 19, 152, 170, 233
— effect of water on, 107
Baudouin’s test, 365
Bearberry, 279
Becker, 172, 174
Bedda nuts, 282
Beeswax, 371
Beetle attacking hides, 42
“Bell”-mills, 317
Belting, 450
Benzene, 295
Benzoic acid, 29
Bernardin, 242
Betel nut, 248
Betula, 250
Betulaceæ, 250
Bichromate of potash, 201
Biernacki, 21
Bilberry, 280
Birch, 250
— -tar oil, 32
Bistort, 266
Bisulphites, 25, 338
Biuret reaction, 67
Black-dyeing, 398, 399, 413
Bleunard, 57
Blood-albumen, 337
Bloom, 231, 297
Bluebacking, 217
Boarding, 233
Boiler incrustations, 99, 101
Boiling point, 75, 421
Bone-oil, 62
Book-binding leathers, 234
Boral, 155
Borax, 156, 216
Borgman, 181
Boric or boracic acid, 156
Bottle-tannage, 235
Bourgois, 57
Brabium, 268
Bran-drench, 166, 195
Brands, 43
Brazil-wood, 287, 413
Breaking stress of leathers, 451
Breed, effect on skin, 45
Brick pits, 455
Brining hides, 38
Briquettes of tan, 464
Bronzing, 395, 404
Brunton, 61
Brusca, 272, 280
Brushing machine, 226
Buff-leather, 378
“Buffalo” method, 129
Burns and Hull, 163
Butea, 285
Butyric acid, 61
Byrsonima, 269
C. T. bate, 163
Calcium sulphydrate, 140
Calculation of tannin analysis, 314
Calf-kid, 189
Calorie, 422
Cambium, 243
Camphor, 31
Canaigre, 264
— root, extraction, 348
Carbolic acid, 26, 295
Carbolineum, 28
Carbon disulphide, 30
Carbonic acid, 99, 105, 161
Carboxyl, 295
Carr’s disintegrator, 319
Carter’s disintegrator, 319
Cascalote, 286
Casein, 68
Cassia, 235, 287, 299
Castanea, 251
Casuarina, 249
Catechins, 298
Catechol, 295
— tannages, 234, 295
Catechu, 277, 289
Caustic alkalies, 22
— soda, 114, 136
Cavallin, 202
Cavallo, 285
Cebil, 293
Cells, 10
Cellulose, 12
Centigrade thermometer, 481
Centrifugal pumps, 458
Ceriops, 283
Chain-conveyors, 325, 453
Chamois leather, 9, 378
— — dyeing, 496
Chamoising, 369, 378
Chemical deliming, 153
Chenailier evaporator, 424
Chestnut, 251
— -oak, 254, 263
— -wood extract, 222, 231
Chlorides in water, 104
Chondrin, 63
Chromalin, 212
Chrome-alum, 201
— -blacks, 402
— combination tannages, 215
— -iron ore, 200
— leather, 4, 9
— — dyes for, 494
— tannages, 200
Chromic acid, 200
Chromium, 185, 200
Churco bark, 280
Clark, 95
Cleistanthus, 293
Coal-tar or C. T. bate, 29, 163
— — dyes, 394
Coccoloba, 267
Cocos, 249
Cockle, 45
Cæsalpinia, 285
Coffee-mill, 317
Cohn’s solution, 177
Colloids, 77, 396
Colour, theory of, 416
— -measurement, 479
Colouring matters, 299
Colours, primary, 416
— secondary, 416
— tertiary, 416
Combination-tannages, 4, 236
Combretaceæ, 280, 293
Concentration of extracts, 339
Concrete pits, 455
Cone-mill, 317
Coniferæ, 246
Connective tissue, 50
Conocarpus, 283
Contact-beds, 472
Conveyors, 325, 327, 453
Copper in water, 104
— sulphate, 26
Coriariaceæ, 277
Coriaria, 272, 277
Corium, 46
Coriin, 64
Cork, 244
Cork-cambium, 243
Cork oak, 257
Corrosive sublimate, 25
Cortegia rossa, 248
Couperus, 277
Creasote, 28
Creolin, 28
Cresotinic acid, 29, 162
Crown leather, 381
Crystallisation, 77
Crystalloids, 77
Cupuliferæ, 251
Curtidor bark, 280
Curupy bark, 293
Cutch, 289
Cuticle, 46
Cutis, 46
Cylinder-oils, 100
Danish glove-leather, 236, 238
Daphne, 267
Daphnoidæ, 267
Decoloration of extracts, 337
Degrees of hardness, 94, 105
Dégras, 368, 380
“Dégras-former,” 370, 385
Deliming by acids, 154
— by washing, 154, 160
De Lof, 242
Denaturised salt, 23
Dennis, 163, 211
Depickling, 91
Depilation, 7, 54, 119
Depletion by puers and bates, 91
Derma, 46
Dermestes vulpinus, 42
“Devil disintegrator,” 318
Dextrose, 16
Diazo-compounds, 399
Digallic acid, 295
Diffusion, 78
Dippel’s oil, 62
Disc-mill, 317
Disinfectants, 21, 474
Disintegrators, 318
Dissociation, 85
Distilled grease, 359
Divi-divi, 285
Djaft, 263
Docks, 264
Dog-dung, 174, 179, 181
“Dogskin,” 197
Dongola, 197
— imitations, 241
— leather, 236, 239
Doornbosch, 293
Drench fermentation, 19
Drenching, 8, 20, 152, 166, 195, 233
Drepanocarpus, 285
Dressing-leather tannage, 232
— leathers, 8
Driers for oils, 363
Drum-stuffing, 388
Drumming, 234
Drums, 117
Dry hides, 110
Drying, effect on skin, 112
— hides, 41
— leather, 424
— oven, 308
— rooms, 431
— of sole leather, 232
Dry-salted hides, 110
— -salting, 38
Dschigh dschighe, 286
Dubbing, 386
Dust-prevention, 325
Dye-testing, 419
Dyeing alumed leathers, 402
— chrome leather, 403, 493
— Continental method, 408
— defects in, 404
— in drum, 408
— in paddle, 407
— in tray, 406, 408
— kid, 196
— oil-leathers, 404
— selection of goods, 409
— theories of, 396
Dyes, acid, 395, 412
— basic, 395, 411
— lists of, for leather, 486, et seq.
— list of manufacturers, 485
— mixtures for leather, 491
— -woods, 412
Earp, W. R., 143
East India skins, 235, 238, 241
Eberle, 212
Edge-stones, 316
Effluents, 467
Egg-albumin, 67
— -yolk, 68, 393
Eglinton Tanning Co., 203
Egyptian leathers, 2
Einbrennen, 390
Eitner, 105, 109, 112, 114, 131, 168, 205, 212, 216, 252, 366, 382, 392
Elandsboschjes, 293
Elastic fibres, 53, 69
Electric driving, 449
Electrolytes, 79
Electrolytic dissociation, 79
Elephantorrhiza, 293
Ellagic acid, 231, 297
Ellagitannic acid, 231, 297
Emulsifying, 240
Enzymes, 15, 16, 171, 173
Epidermis, 46, 68
Epithelium, 46
— -cells, 13
Erector pili, 50
Ericaceæ, 279
“Erodin,” 174
Espinillo, 293
Essential oils, 31
Eucalyptus, 284
Eudermin, 27
Euphorbiaceæ, 293
Evaporation, 421
— for analysis, 307
— in vacuo, 423
Evaporator, Yaryan, 339
Evergreen oak, 256
Excise-duties on leather, 3
Extraction, optimum temperature, 344
Extracts, liquid, analysis, 301, 305, 475, 476, 477
— solid, analysis, 301, 305, 476, 477
— use of, 342
Fading of colours, 405
Fahrion, 61
Faller-stocks, 116
Fan, Blackman, 428, 430, 434
— Capel, 437
— centrifugal, 437, 439
— drying by, 433
— screw, 430, 434, 437
Fat, 461, 462
— -cells, 52
— -glands, 48
— -liquoring, 217, 237, 239, 393
— -liquors, 100
— -tanned leathers, 1, 4
Fats and oils, 350
— solvents of, 353
Fatty acids, liquid, 354
— — saturated, 354
— — unsaturated, 355
Fellmongering, 34
Fermentation, 13, 15
Ferric chloride, 86
— salts, 198
Ferrocyanides, 339
Ferrous salts, 198
Fibre-bundles, 50
Fibres, elastic, 53
Fibrils, 50
Filao bark, 249
Filter method, 311, 478
Filtration for analysis, 307, 477, 483
— of sludge, 470
“Fine-hairing,” 180
Finishes for leather, 401
Fire insurance, 325
Fish-tallow, 368
Flaying, 42
Fleshing, 8, 146
— machines, 147
Fleshings, 461
Flückiger and Hanbury, 277
Fluorides, 26
“Foots,” 356
Formaldehyde, 30, 380
Formalin, 31, 380
Formic acid, 154, 159, 410
Frizing, 378
Fuchsia, 284
Fuchsine, 395
Fungi, 15
Fusanus, 267
Gall oak, 261
Gallotannic acid, 295
Galls, 261, 280
Gambier, 222, 231, 277
— extraction, 349
Garcinia, 293
Gas-engine, 449
— -lime, 141
Gaseous state of matter, 74
Gaultheria, 251, 373
Gelatin, 56, 58
— action of bacteria on, 61
— analyses, 57
— chemical constitution, 57
— decompositions, 60
— determination, 59, 60
— properties of, 58
— reactions, 62
— swelling of, 82
Glaeser mill, 318
Glassy layer, 50, 398
Glazing, 418
Globulin, 67
Globig, 17
Glove-kid, 194
Glucose, 13, 16, 177, 390
Glue, 461
Gluestuff, 461
Glutin, 56, 58
Glycerin, 351
“Golden spoon,” 269
— tan bark, 248
Gonagra, 264
Grain, 233
— “drawn,” 228
— -layer, 51
— microscopic examination, 52, 55
— pattern of, 52
Grains of various skins, 52
Granataceæ, 285
Grease, recovery, 462
— refining, 463
Greases, 357
“Green leather,” 197, 239
Grevillia, 268
Griffith, 231
Grinding machinery, 452
— samples, 303, 476
Grounding, 189
Guano, 177
Gum tree, 284
Gumming, 20
Guttiferæ, 293
Gunnera, 284
Gunneraceæ, 284
Glycocine, 61
Glycocoll, 61
Hæmatoxylon, 286
Hair, 68, 460
— -bulb, 49
— -cuticle, 48, 49
— -muscle, 50
— -papilla, 49
— structure and growth, 47
Hand-stuffing, 386
Handlers, 221
Hardness determination, 94
— effect on dyeing, 100
— effects on tanning, 98, 105
— of water, 93
Harrison, 273, 473
Hauff, 157, 162, 163
Heal, 203
Heat, capacity for, 422
— consumed in evaporation, 423, 428
— — in melting ice, 423
— given by pipes, 432
— loss through walls, 431
— measure of quantity, 422
— of combustion of coal, 423
Heating by hot water, 442
— by steam, 432, 436, 440
Heath honeysuckle, 268
Heaths, 279
Hehner, 94
Heinzerling, 203
Helvetia leather, 381
Hemicollin, 60
Hemlock-bark, 222
Hen-dung, 179, 181
Henry, 95
“Hickory” bark, 291
Hide-fibre, analysis, 57
— -markets, 33
— -mill, 117
— powder, 310, 312, 479, 484
— — filter, 311, 478
— — chromed, 313, 483
High-speed machinery, 451
Hofmeister, 56, 57, 60
Holbrook system, 331
Holden fat, 359
Horns, 464
Horn-sloughs, 464
Horny structures, 50
Horse-fat, 357
— -flesh, 177
— -power, 423
Hruschau, 214
Hull, 163, 165
Hummel, 203, 250, 285
Hunt, 188
Hyaline layer, 50, 176, 398
Hydrochloric acid, 86, 154, 157
Hydronaphthol, 30
Hypoderma bovis, 43
Hyposulphite of soda, 204
Hyphæ, 14
I.A.L.T.C. method, 300, 311, 475
Ice, heat to melt, 423
Ilex, 256
Immiscible liquid, 76
Inga, 293
Inks, 402
“Inoffensive,” 143
International Association of Leather Trade Chemists, 300, 311, 475
Internal pressure of liquids, 76
Invertase, 16
Iodine-value, 353
Ionisation-pressure, 81
Ions, 80
Iron-alum, 199
— -bark tree, 284
— -blacks, 398, 413
— in water, 102
— stains, 22, 38
— tannages, 198
Izal, 28
Jamrosa bark, 282
Japans, 355
Jeye’s fluid, 28
Jellies, 77
Jensen, 241
Jones fleshing machine, 148
Juniper, 248
Kaspine leather, 380
Kath, 289
Kathreiner, 301
Kation, 80
Kent, 236
Keratin, 14, 56, 68
Kermes oak, 258
Kid-leather, 9
Kilogram, 481
Kips, soaking, 113
Kjeldahl’s method, 70, 179
Klemm, 381
Knapp, 74, 188, 199, 202, 210, 382
Knoppern, 262
Knotted tree, 268
Koch, 251
Koerner, 82, 91, 283
Krameria, 269
Lace-Leathers, 197
Lactic acid, 154, 158, 221, 410
— fermentation, 18
Lamb, 218, 273, 405, 485
Land filtration, 470
Lanoline, 359
Lanosoap, 218
Larch, 247
Larix, 247
Lauraceæ, 267
Layers, 222, 231
Leach-bottom, 329
Leaching, 328
Lead-bleach, 399
— in water, 104
Leather Industries Laboratory Book, 5
Leguminosæ, 288
Leidgen unhairing machine, 145
Lentisque, 269
Leucadendron, 268
Leucine, 61
Leucospermum, 268
Levulose, 16
Lewkowitsch, 366
Lietzmann, 382
L.I.L.B., 5
Liliaceæ, 248
Lime, 21, 120
— action on hide, 125
— analyses, 124
— “available,” 125
— -burning, 121
— -liquors, analysis, 143
— pits, 127, 455
— quantity used, 129
— solubility in water, 123
— -water, 123
Limes, age of, 130
— bacterial action in, 134
— plumping, 133
Liming, 126
— loss of hide-substance, 132
— Pullman’s method, 137
— sheep-skins, 34
— temperature, 129
Linolenic acid, 355
Lipowitz, 59
Liquor-pipes, 456
Liquid state of matter, 74
Liquor tanks, 332, 457
— -troughs, 333, 457
Liter, 481
Logwood, 286, 413, 398, 401
Loxopteryngium, 269
Lubrication, 453
Lufkin, Prof., 142
Lymph corpuscules, 10
Lysol, 28
McFadyen, 61
Madder, 239, 277
Maiden, 290
Magenta, 395
Magnesia, 95
Malpighia, 269
Malpighiaceæ, 269
Manganese, 185
Mangifera, 277
Mangle, 283
Mango, 277
Mangosteen, 293
Mangrove, 283
— bark, extraction, 348
Mangrutta, 269
Market-hides, 33, 108
“Marking off,” 406
— weight of hides, 33
Marsh Rosemary, 268
Mather and Platt, 97
Mauve, 394
Maynard, 114
“Mellowing” of liquors, 82
Mellowness of liquors, 229
Mercuric chloride, 25
— iodide, 26
Metabisulphite of soda, 25, 114, 160
Meter, 481
Metrical system, 481
Milk-shaker, 313
Millon’s reagent, 67
Mill for samples, 303
Mills, arrangement of, 452
— construction, 316
Mimosa, 231, 290
— extraction, 346
Mimoseæ, 288
Mineral acids, 23
Moellon, 368, 380
Moisture in tanning materials, 314, 315, 479, 482
Molecules, 74
Mordant colouring matters, 238
Mordants, 398
Moulds, 14, 15, 20
Mountain ash, 285
Mucous layer, 47
Mud, 102
Muir, John, 141
Multiple effect, 342, 423
Munkwitz, 145
Muscle, voluntary, 53
Mycoderma, 14, 20
Myrica, 250
Myricaceæ, 250
Myrobalans, 231, 280, 293
— crusher, 322
— extraction, 345
Myrtaceæ, 284
Myrtus, 284
Nancite, 269
Naphthalene sulphonic acid, 29
Naphthols, 29
Nauclea, 277
Neb-neb, 289
Nesbitt’s bating process, 161
“Neutralising” chrome leathers, 216
Nihoul, 104
Nitrates and nitrites in water, 104
Nitrogen estimation, 70
“Non-tannins,” 310, 478, 483
Nucleolus, 11
Nucleus, 11
Oak-Bark, 222, 253
— - — extraction, 344
— -twigs, 244
Oakwood, 254
— extract, 222, 231, 256
Oaks, 252
Œnothera, 284
Oil, Arctic sperm, 371
— birch, 372
— black birch, 373
— boiled linseed, 363
— bottlenose, 371
— castor, 353, 355, 360
— cod-liver, 365
— cottonseed, 364
— egg-yolk, 393
— from fats, 463
— herring, 368
— Japanese, 368
— linseed, 362
— menhaden, 367
— neatsfoot, 358
— olive, 359
— porgie, 367
— Russia, 372
— sandalwood, 373
— sardine, 368
— sassafras, 373
— seal, 367
— sesamé, 364
— shark-liver, 366
— sod, 368, 380
— sperm, 353, 371
— Straits, 367
— Three-crown, 367
— Turkey-red, 361
— vaseline, 375
— whale, 367
— wintergreen, 373
Oils and fats in currying, 384
— blown, 355, 361
— drying, 353
— essential, 350, 372
— fixed, 350
— lubricating, 453
— mineral, 374
— non-drying, 353
— resin, 376
— volatile, 372
Oleic acid, 240, 354, 360
Oleine, 359
Oleostearine, 356, 359
Onagraceæ, 284
One-bath chrome process, 211
Organised ferments, 15
Origin of leather manufacture, 1
Osmotic pressure, 78
Osyris, 267
Ovum, development of, 46
Oxalates, 159
Oxalic acid, 155, 221
Oxalideæ, 280
Oxalis, 280
Oxynaphthoic acid, 30, 163
Ozokerit, 376
Paal, 57, 62, 66
Paessler, 56
Pairing, 407
Palmer, A. N., 167
Palmer, T., 176
Palmetto, 245
Palmæ, 248
Pancreatin, 172
Panniculus adiposus, 53
Papilionaceæ, 285
Paraffin, 375
Paraform, 31
Parapeptones, 66
Parenchym, 243
Parker, J. G., 162
Parker, C. E., 455
Pars papillaris, 51
“Partial” pressure, 76
Paypay, 293
Payne and Pullman, 137
Peaty waters, 106
Penicillium, 14
Pepsin, 171
Peptones, 60, 61, 62
Perching, 188
Perchromic acid, 200
Perkin, 250, 394
— and Allen, 276
— and Gunnell, 269
Permanent hardness, 100
Persea, 267
“Persians,” 235, 287, 299, 365
Phenol, 26
— for deliming, 162
Phenols, 295
Phenolphthalein, 155
Phloem, 243
Phlobaphenes, 231
Phloroglucol, 295, 297
Phosphates, 159
Phyllanthus, 293
Phyllocladus, 248
Pickling, 23, 89, 187
Pigeon-dung, 178
Pilang, 290
Pinus, 246
Pipes, arrangement of, 436, 440
— heat from, 432
Piptadenia, 293
Pistacia, 269, 272
Pits, construction of, 454
Plaster-cure of Indian kips, 39
Pleating, 407
Plumbaginæ, 268
Podocarpus, 248
Poison ivy, 274
Polygalaceæ, 269
Polygenetic colours, 399, 403
Polygonaceæ, 264
Polygonum, 266
Polysulphides, 165, 211
“Polysulphin,” 139
Pomegranate, 285
Poplars, 264
Popp, 172, 174
Porcelain, to mark, 304
Porter-Clark, 98
Potassium dichromate, 201
— hydrate, 136
Potentilla, 285
Precipitation tanks, 468
Preller, 381
Press-leaches, 330
“Pricking,” 169
Primitive leather manufacture, 1, 73
Printing, 418
Protaceæ, 268
Procter, 203
Procter’s extractor, 306
Prosopis, 286
Protea, 268
Protocatechuic acid, 295
Protoplasm, 10
Pseudopodia, 11
Pterocarpus, 285
Puering, 8, 19, 152, 170, 233
Pulleys, 450
“pulling down,” 157
Pullman, 380
Pullman’s liming method, 137
Pulsometers, 459
Pumps, 457
Punica, 285
Putrefaction, 15, 19
Putrid soak, 113, 137
Putz, Dr., 69
Pyrogallol, 295
— tannages, 234
— tannins, 295
Pyroligneous acid, 154
Pyrrol, 62
Pyrus, 285
Quebracho, 231, 269, 277
— wood, extraction, 347
Quercetin, 263
Quercus, 252
Quicklime, 122
Rabinowitsch, 17
Raw hide leather, 381
Realgar, 142
Reddening of leather by light, 405
“Reds,” 231, 297, 339
Reimer, 58, 64
Resin, 376
Rete malpighi, 47
Rhatany, 269
Rhizophoraceæ, 283
Rhus, 270
Riems, 381
Roans, 235
Rollet, 64
Rolling machines, 224
Roman leathers, 2
Rosaceæ, 285
Rosin, 376
Rounding, 151
Rove, 261
Rubiaceæ, 277
Rumex, 264
Rusma, 139
“Russia” leather, 251
Sabal, 248
Saccharomyces, 14, 20
Saccharomycetes, 15
Saddening, 398
Salicaceæ, 263
Salicylic acid, 28, 295
Saliva-corpuscles, 10
Salix arenaria, 238, 263
— caprea, 239, 264
Salomon, 178
Salt, 22
— and acids, action on gelatine, 88
— -stains, 22, 38
Salts, action on hide, 84, 92
Salted hides, 109
Salting, 35
Sampling tanning materials, 301, 475
— tool, 301
Santalaceæ, 267
Saponification, 351
Sappan-wood, 287
Saturated solutions, 77
Saxifragaceæ, 280
Schilling, 62
Schinia, 272
Schinus, 270
Schmeija mill, 318
Schulze, 178
Schultz, A., 203, 204
— Jackson S., 112, 454, 456
Schutzenberger, 57
Scilla, 248
Scorza rossa, 248
Scouring, 384
— machine, 384
Screening tanning materials, 323
Scudding, 180
Sea lavender, 268
Seagrave-Bevington dryer, 438
Seaside grape, 267
Seasonings, 418
Sebaceous glands, 48
Semiglutin, 60
Semipermeable membranes, 78
Senna, 288
Septa, 14
Septic tank, 472
Settling tanks, 468
Sewage, 467
— purification, 468
Shafting, 448, 450
Shake-method, 312, 483
Shaving, 384
— machine, 384, 386
— mill, 323
Sheep-skins, 34
Shellac glaze, 401
Silent boiling jets, 334, 343
Silicic acid in water, 104
Silver fir, 246
Skens, 272
Skin, structure, 46
Skivers, alumed, 197
Skutch, 462
Slaking of lime, 122
Slocomb staking machine, 192
Sludge, 470
Smoked leathers, 2
Snakeweed, 266
Snoubar bark, 248
Soaking and washing, 7
— of hides, 108
— with caustic soda, 114
Soaps, 351
— cold process, 352
Soap test, 94
Society of Arts, 234
Soda in water, 103
Sodium bisulphate, 155
— carbonate, 139
— hydrate, 136
— silicate, 216
— sulphate, 23, 41
— sulphide, 114, 139
— thiosulphate, 204, 213, 216
Sole-leather tanning, 220
Solid solution, 83, 396
— state of matter, 74
Solubility of liquids, 76
Solution-pressure, 76, 78
Soluble phenyl, 28
Sorbus, 285
Souring, 410
Spent tan, 329, 464
— tans, analysis, 480
Spermaceti, 371
Splitting, 384
Sprinkler, 446
— -leach, 336
Spruce fir, 246
Spueing, 20, 353, 355, 390
Squill, 248
Staining, 415
— dyes suitable for, 486, 491
Stains caused by hard water, 99
— on sole-leather, 227
Staking, 188
— machines, 192
Staling, 34
Stanhope, 98
Statice, 268
Steam-engine, 423, 433, 448
— - — indicator, 449
— -pumps, 457
— -traps, 442
Stearic acid, 351
Stearin, 351, 359
Stearine glaze, 401, 415
Stenhouse, 296
Sterilisation, 18
Stinco, 272
Stippen, 109
Stocking, 180
Stocks, 116
— for unhairing, 145
Stone-cells, 245
— pits, 454
Striking, 223
— machine, 223
Stringy bark tree, 284
Structure of skin, 46
Stuffing, 386
— drum, 388
Sturtevant dryer, 438
Sudoriferous glands, 49
Sugar-bush, 268
Sulphate of soda, 23
Sulphates in water, 104
Sulphide of sodium, 34, 132, 139, 165
Sulphides, 139
Sulphur dioxide, 23
— in chrome-leather, 216
Sulphonated oils, 361
Sulphuric acid, 114, 154, 157, 410
Sulphurous acid, 23, 114, 338
Sumach, 234
— Cape, 267
— extraction, 347
— French, 277
— Sicilian, 270
— Venetian, 276
Sumachs, American, 273
Sumaching, 410, 411
Supersaturated solutions, 77
Surface-tension, 76
Suspenders, 221, 227, 232
Suspension lime-pit, 128
Swan, 202
Sweat-glands, 49
— -pit, 119
Sweating, 1, 19, 34, 119
Swedish glove-leather, 236, 238
Swelling, 82, 84
Tallow, 356
— fish, 368
Tamarix, 272, 280
Tamarisciniæ, 280
Tamwood, 269
Tan as fuel, 464
— -burning furnaces, 464
— -press, 467
Tanekahi bark, 248
Tanghadi bark, 287
Tank-waste, 141
Tannery, construction, 445
— extension, 447
— fire risks, 446, 452
— selection of site, 444
Tannin colour-lakes, 397
— materials, extraction, 305
— — sampling, 302
“Tanning matters,” 311, 478, 483
Tannins, 242, 294, 397
— pathological, 298
— physiological, 298
Tari pods, 286
Tartar emetic, 411
Tawing, 191, 196
Temperature, 422
— in leaching, 343
Temporary hardness, 94, 154, 411
Tengah bark, 283
Teri pods, 286
Terminalia, 280
Terra japonica, 277
Thann tree, 282
Thermophilic bacteria, 17
Tinian pine, 249
Tintometer, 315, 479
Titanium, 185, 218, 411, 495
Tjamara laut, 249
Topping, 406
Tormentilla, 285
Torula, 14
“Total soluble” matter, 307, 477, 478
Treacle, 177
Tri-formol, 31
Trimble, 263
Trioxymethylene, 31
Trypsin, 171, 172
Tsuga, 246
Tub-leaches, 331
Tugwar, 293
Turkey oak, 255, 256
— -red oil, 217, 240
Turwar bark, 235, 287
Turret-dryer, 439
Two-bath chrome process, 204, 213, 216
Tyrosin, 66
Unhairing, 7, 54, 143
— machines, 144
Unorganised ferments, 15, 16
Used liquors, analysis, 480
Vacciniæ, 280
Vaccinium, 280
Vacuoles, 13
Vacuum-oven, 308
— pans, 342
Valdivia leather, 267
Valonia, 222, 231, 258
— extraction, 345, 346
Valve, 457
— for liquor troughs, 333
Van Tieghem, 243
Vapour-pressure, 75, 421
Vaseline, 375
Vaughn fleshing machine, 145, 148
Vegetable-tanned leathers, 2, 3
Velocity of gaseous molecules, 75
Ventilation and heating, 429
— downward, 440
Verbeek and Peckholdt, 310
Vibration, 452
Vitellin, 67
Vitis, 272
Von Höhnel, 242
— Schroeder, 56, 129, 134
Wagner, 298
Warbles, 43
Ward, H. Marshall, 243
Wash-wheel, 108, 118, 180
— — for unhairing, 145
Washing of hides, 108, 111
Waste liquids, 467
Water, condensed, 442
— hardness, 93
— impurities, 93
— oven, 308
— raisers, 459
— softening, 95, 101
Wattles, 290
Wax, bees-, 371
— Brazilian, 372
— carnauba, 372
— Japan, 372
— mineral, 374
— paraffin, 375
Waxes, 350, 353, 370
— liquid, 350, 353, 371
Weak grain, 108
Weighing for analysis, 304
Weimannia, 280
Weiske, 63
“Wet and dry bulb” thermometer, 426
“White bark,” 293
— leathers, 197
— or gelatinous fibres, 50
— spruce, 247
Wichellow and Tebbutt, 241
Wild almond, 268
Williams’ patent crusher, 320
Willow-bark, 238
Willows, 263
Wilson, 223, 224, 440
Wind, 427, 439
Windbores, 459
Wood, J. T., 166, 171
Woolfat, 358
Woolly butt tree, 284
“Working,” 180
Xanthoproteic acid, 67
Yaryan evaporator, 339, 424
Yeast, 12
Yeasts, 15
Yellow fibres, 53, 69
Yolk of egg, 68
Yorkshire grease, 359
Youl, 231
Young hair, 144
Zinc chloride, 26
— sulphate, 26, 159
Zollickoffer, 160
Zymases, 15, 16, 17, 61, 296
LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W., AND DUKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E.