Part 6 — INDEX
Reading edition
Acetic acid, 74, 279
Acid, acetic, 74, 279
—, carbonic, gas, 289
—, formic, 279
—, hydrochloric, 282
—, hydrofluoric, 282
—, mixing, with latex, 79
—, nitric, 282
—, oxalic, 279
—, pyroligneous, 282
—, quantity of, 76
—, sulphuric, 279, 286
Acids for coagulation, effect of, on rate of cure, 323
—, quantities necessary for modern requirements, 78
Air-drying, aids to normal, 143
—, of crepe, rate of, 138
—, progress of, 140
Alcohol, coagulation with, 289
Alum, coagulation with, 282
Anti-coagulant for transport, 61
Anti-coagulants, 46
Artificial driers, 133, 148
Ash on sheet, 276
Assembling cases for shipment, 156
Bags for packing, 154
Bakau, 147
Bales for packing, 154
Bark in crepe, 232
— — shavings, 56, 123
— — sheet, 276
Bases in vulcanised rubber, 322
Basket plants, 10
Blanket crepe, properties of, 324
Blemishes of surface, 252
Blister in sheet, 272
Block rubber, 129, 246
Breaking down of rubber, 304
— load of test piece, 311
Bubbles in sheet, 269
Buildings, 159
Bulking latex, 69
Byrne curing process, 270
Calendered sheet, 304
Carbon dioxide, 289
Carbonic acid gas, 289
Cases, choice of, for packing, 153
Catalysts, natural, in rubber, 312
—, vulcanising, 312
Centralisation of factories, 221
Chinese vinegar, 286
Chinosol, 238
“Chula” drier, 148
Clippings, sheet, 275
Coagulant, 111
—, choice of, 74, 278
—, quantity of, 113
Coagulation, 74, 111
— centres, 62
—, premature, 46
—, spontaneous, 294
— with alcohol, 289
— — sugars, 287
— — various salts, 288
Coagulum, soft, 249
—, spongy undersurface of, 249
—, tearing of, 249
—, transport of, 59, 63
—, working of, 103
Coefficient of vulcanisation, 319
Collecting latex, 38
— pails, 48
Collection, advantages of early, 60
Combustion, rate of, in smoke house, 191
Compound crepes, 126
— — No. 1, 151
— — No. 2, 151
Contents of cases, weight of, 156
Copper salts, cause of tackiness, 243
Cotton fibre in crepe, 230
Creosotic substances, 146
Crepe, air-drying of, 132
—, bark in, 232
—, bearing of defects in, on manufacture, 316
—, bisulphite streaks in, 235
—, colour of fine, 114
—, dirt in, 227
—, dirty edges of, 225
—, drying houses for, 178
—, fibre in, 230
—, general style of finish, 223
—, grades of, 150
—, greenish, tacky streaks in, 228
—, iron stains on, 225
Crepe, No. 1 fine pale, 110
—, oil marks on, 226
—, oxidation streaks in, 234
—, rate of air-drying of, 138
—, rust stains on, 226
—, smoked, 130
—, surface moulds on, 241
—, weight increased in drying house, 141
—, yellow latex streaks in, 234
— rubber, defects in, 223
— —, lower grades of, 120
— —, preparation of, 110
— —, tensile strength of, 313
Cups, cleaning, 40
—, water in, 44
Cure, rate of, 318
Curing, 307
Da Costa process, 290
Decentralisation of factories, 221
Defects of sheet, infrequent, 276
Derry process, 293
Designs and “layout” of tanks, 176
Dirt in sheet, 276
Discoloration of rubber, dark, 249
Drains for tanks, 176
Drier, Colombo Commercial Company’s, 136
Driers, artificial—for crepe rubber, 133
— —, for sheet rubber, 148
—, “Chula,” 148
—, vacuum, 134
Drum furnaces, horizontal, 189
Drying chamber, floor of, 187
— —, arrangements of, 186
— houses for crepe, 178
— —, hot air, 182
— —, ventilation of, 185
— —, windows of, 185
— of rubber, 132
—, period of, 145
—, rate of, effect on rate of cure, 323
Earth scrap, 124
— —, collection of, 58
Edges, thickened, after rolling, 251
Elongation of test piece, 311
Ends, thickened, after rolling, 251
Engines, 170
—, position of, 174
Factories, 172
—, centralisation of, 221
—, decentralisation of, 221
—, number of floors, 174, 178
—, ventilation of, 180
—, windows of, 181
Factory buildings, situation of, 216
—, choosing site for, 220
—, ideal arrangement of, 162
— operation, 65
Fibre cotton, in crepe, 230
Field maintenance, 13
Fine hard Para properties of, 325
First latex and other grades, percentage of, 59
Floor of drying chamber, 187
— factories, 173
— furnace room, 196
Formalin, 87
Formic acid, 74, 279
Formula for test mix, 311
Freezing (coagulation) process, 293
Fuel, consumption of, 196
Fuels for smoking, 146
Furnace room, floor of, 196
— —, Petaling type of, 192
Furnaces, horizontal drum, 189
—, “pot,” 188
Germination, 6
Grades, number of, 151
Grading, 150
Grafting, 8
Grass squares, 14
Greasiness before smoking, 252
— of surface, 258
Grit in crepe, 232
Hand rolling sheets, 104
Hevea Brasiliensis, 1
Hot air drying houses, 182
Hydrochloric acid, 282
Hydrofluoric acid, 282
Ilcken-Down process, 298
Instruments, method of using, 100
—, recording, 144
—, standardising, 98
Lallang, eradication of, 15
Latex, bulking, 69
— cups, choice of, 40
—, decomposition of, in the field, 270
—, first and other grades, percentage of, 59
—, first quality, 150
—, mixing acid with, 79
—, mixing sodium bisulphite solution with, 117
—, preliminary treatment of, 65
—, reception of, at the store, 65
—, standard, 96
—, standardisation of, 69, 110
—, straining, 67
—, transport of, 59
Light, importance of, in factories, 172
Litharge, 312
Load stretch curve, 312, 319, 320, 321
Low grade rubbers, fibrous matter in, 124
Lower grade rubber, care in manufacture, 129
Lubrication of machines, 166
Lump rubber, naturally coagulated, 120
Machinery, 159
Machines, access to, 169
—, adequacy of, 160
—, arrangement of, 168
—, lubrication of, 166
—, position of, 173
—, sheeting, 166
—, speed of, 162
Mangrove, 147
Marking sheets, 105
Metrolac, 98, 100
Michie-Golledge system, 138
Mildew on surface, 260
Milky residue on serum, 249
Mixing acid with latex, 79
Moist glaze of surface, 258
Mould on surface, 260
Moulds, surface, on crepe, 241
Natural catalysts, 312
Nitric acid, 282
Nurseries, 9
Overcured, 307
Overvulcanised, 306
Oxalic acid, 279
Oxidation, prevention of, 56
—, variation due to, 254
Packing, 150
—, bags for, 154
—, bales for, 154
—, cases, choice of, 153
—, folding for, 155
—, methods of, 156
—, rooms, 211
Pale crepe, No. 1 fine, 110
—, rubber, former methods of making, 118
—, sheet, 89
Patches, 259, 260
—, virgin, 259
Payment by result, 53
Perished rubber, 306
Physical properties of rubber, variation of, 317
Pits for smoke houses, 188
Pitting of surface, 250
Plantation rubber, testing of, 309
Planting, 1
Plasticising of rubber, 304
Plasticity of plantation rubber, 309
“Pot” furnaces, 188
Power units, 170
Premature coagulation, 46
Preparation, special methods of, 290
Pyroligneous acid, 282
Racks, 186
Rate of cure, 307
Raw rubber, physical properties of, 313
— —, tests on, 309
— —, uses of, 315
Recommendations, Rubber Growers’ Association, 152
Recording instruments, 144
Ribbing of sheet, 274
Rolling, 251
Rolls, grooving of, 164
— running hot, 165
— — “free,” 165
Roof of smoke house, 197
Rubber, drying of, 132
Rubber Growers’ Association, Recommendations, 152
Rubber, properties of, 313
—, smoking, 109
Rust, cause of, 267
— on sheet, 262
—, treatment to prevent, 265
Scrap washers, 57, 124
Screw plug, unsatisfactory, 73
Seed at stake, 10
Seeds, 2
Selection, 5
Senang folder, 156
Serum, milky residue on, 249
Sheet, ash on, 276
—, bark in, 276
—, bearing of defects on, in manufacture, 316
—, blisters in, 272
—, bubbles in, 269
—, clippings, 130, 275
—, creases in, 251
—, dirt in, 276
—, “dog ears,” 251
—, grades of, 151
—, infrequent defects of, 276
—, pale, 89
—, ribbing of, 274
— rubber, artificial driers for, 148
— —, defects in, 249
— —, preparation of, 89
Sheet rubber, rolling and marking of, 102
— —, tensile strength of, 313
—, rust on, 262
—, splinters in, 276
—, stickiness in, 274
—, style of, 101
—, support marks on, 273
—, surface pattern of, 274
—, thick ends of, 275
Sheeting machines, 166
Sheets, mis-shapen, 251
—, thickened patches in, 251
—, torn, 251
—, unevenness of appearance, 253
Short weights, 157
Skimming, 100
Skimmings, 122
Slab rubber, 299
— —, properties of, 324
Slope, 312
Smoke curing of sheet rubber, 143
— —, temperature of, 144
—, houses, 183
— —, Barker patent, 209
— —, Devon type, 200
— —, iron stoves for, 189
— —, Jackson type, 200
— — of brick, 198
— — rate of combustion in, 192
— —, roof of, 197
— —, “Third Mile” type, 199
— —, types of, 198
Smoked crepe, 130
— sheets, colour of, 255
— water for coagulation, 286
Smoking, effect on rate of cure, 323
—, greasiness before, 252
— rubber, 109
Smooth rolling of sheets, 104
Sodium bisulphite, 80, 114
— —, abuse of, 85
— —, care of, 116
— —, deterioration of, 115
— —, evaluation of, 115
— —, making a solution of, 85
— —, quantity of, 84
— —, residual traces of, 86
— — solution, mixing, with latex, 117
— sulphite, 86
— —, deterioration of, 115
— —, evaluation of, 115
Sorting, 150, 152
— rooms, 211
Spewing, 305
Splinters in sheet, 276
Spontaneous coagulation, 294
Spot disease, 235
— — in sheet rubber, 273
Spots, 259, 262
—, virgin, 259
Standard latex, 96
— sheet, 102
Standardising instruments, 98
Stickiness in sheet, 274
Stock solution, method of making, 75
Storage of rubber, 212, 216
Stoves, iron, for smoke houses, 189
Straining latex, 67
Streaks, 262
Stumps, 9
Sugars, coagulation with, 287
Sulphuric acid, 280, 286
— —, buying, 280
— —, formula for use of, 280
— —, storing, 280
Sun-drying sheet rubber, 147
Support marks on sheet, 273
Surface blotches, coloured, 249
—, dull or black, 258
— pattern of sheet, 274
Tackiness, cause of, 243
—, copper salts cause of, 243
— in rubber, 242
Tanks, 90
—, care of, 94
—, designs and “layout,” 176
—, drains for, 176
—, installation of, 93
—, situation of, 175
—, water-supply for, 177
Tapping, 38
—, former systems of, 29
— knives, 38
— systems, 38
Tartaric acid, 279
Tensile product, 314
Test mix, formula for, 311
— pieces, making of, 310
Testing of plantation rubber, 307
Thick ends of sheet, 275
Thinning, 19
Timber for smoking, 147
Tool sheds, 216
Transport, 60
— by coolie, 62
— of coagulum, 59, 63
— of latex, 59
Trays, 167
Treatment of rubber in the factory, 301
— to prevent rust, 265
Tree scrap, 55, 122
— —, care of, 56
— —, oxidation of, 56
Trees per acre, 26
Trenches, silt catchment, 11
Uniformity, 90
— in colour, lack of, 246
Vacuum driers, 134
Variation due to oxidation, 254
Vegetable extracts, 289
Ventilation of drying houses, 185
— factories, 180
Verandas, 175
Virgin spots, 258
Viscosity of rubber solution, 309
Vulcanisation, 301
—, rate of, 318
Vulcanised rubber, 318
— —, tests on, 309
Vulcanising, 307
— catalysts, 312
—, “heat,” 306
Washers, scrap, 57, 124
Washings, 122
Water-supply for tanks, 177
Weeding, clean, 13
Weights, “short,” 157
Wickham process, 293
Windows of drying houses, 185
— factories, 181
Working of rubber, 304
Yields, 23, 25
Transcriber's notes:
Some minor typographical and lay-out errors have been corrected.
Inconsistencies in spelling have not been corrected.
Changes made to original text: Table of Contents: Early collection of latex transport changed to Early collection of latex—Transport. Roof brick built houses changed to Roof—Brick built houses. Named sections in Table of Contents do not always match one-to-one with named sections in text. Links point to the sections most closely resembling the description in the Table of Contents. Occasionally multiple links point to the same section in the text; some named sections in the text are not mentioned in the Table of Contents. The order of the sections under Chapters XII and XXII has been changed slightly to reflect the order of the sections in the text. Tephrosia candiad changed to Tephrosia candida. Archiev changed to Archief. about 1⁄2 square changed to about 1⁄2 inch square. asbesto-slate changed to asbestos-slate as elsewhere. Formaline changed to Formalin as elsewhere. Footnotes moved to under the paragraph they belong to.
Page 141: The lengths of crepe were weighed carefully at 8 a.m. and 4 a.m. should probably read The lengths of crepe were weighed carefully at 8 a.m. and 4 p.m.