INDEX.

Absorption of heat by air, water, and earth, 74.

—— of light, 125.

Acalephæ, or phosphorescent animals, 387.

Actinism, 166.

—— producing chemical change, 174.

—— and light antagonistic, 177.

——, influence of, on plants, 372.

Action of presence—Catalysis, 280.

“Active principles” of Newton, 11.

Adams on planet Neptune, 32.

Adiathermic bodies, 95.

Aërial currents dependent on heat, 80.

—— chemical, 274.

Affinity, 292.

Age of the world, 404.

Aggregation, attraction of, 48.

——, crystalline, 58.

Agonic lines, 244.

Air, absorption of heat by, 74.

—— density of the, 319.

Alchemy, Nature’s, 293.

Aldini on animal electricity, 393.

Allotropic conditions of atoms, 43.

Allotropism, 330.

Allotropy, 291.

Alum, opacity to heat rays, 65.

Alpinus’ theory of matter, 47.

Ammonites of the lias, 341.

Ammoniacal amalgam, 325.

Ampère’s theory of magnetism, 239.

Analogy, dangers of reasoning by, 152.

Ancients’ knowledge of magnetism, 235.

Animals, phosphorescence of, 154.

—— respiration of, 310.

—— articulated, 388.

Animal magnetism, 267.

—— electricity, 211, 392.

—— life, progress of, 338.

——, phenomena of, 383.

Arago on the surface of the sun, 123.

—— on copying the Egyptian temples, 177.

—— on magnetic variation, 246.

Arbor Dianæ—silver tree, 261.

Aristotle on motion, 10.

Atmosphere, uses of the, 319.

Atmospheric refraction, 322.

Atomic theory, 278.

—— volumes, 287.

Atoms, allotropic state of, 43.

Atom, the organic, 360.

——, ultimate size of, 408.

——, the, and its powers, 3.

Attraction, chemical, 275.

Aurora of the sun, 186.

Back’s account of Aurora, 249.

Balance of forces, 14.

Bartholin on Iceland spar, 140.

Beccaria, Father, on phosphorescence, 160.

Becquerel’s experiments on electricity, 227.

—— on ozone, 300.

Bell on the nerves, 391.

Belemnites, 341.

Berkeley, Bishop, on motion, 10.

Berzelius on allotropy, 44.

—— on catalysis, 281.

Biela’s comet, 26.

Biot on polarization, 145.

Bolognian stone, 161.

Bouguer on the absorption of light by the atmosphere, 126.

Boutigny on heat, 107.

Boletus igniarius, 102.

Boyle on motion, 9.

Brain and nerves, 391.

Brahminical philosophy, 245.

Brewster, Sir D., refers magnetism to the sun, 263.

—— on magnetism, 247.

Brown’s doctrines of life, 395.

Butterfly, metamorphosis of, 389.

Cagniard de la Tour state, 106.

Calorific transparency, 65.

—— influence on plants, 376.

Calotype, the, 174.

Canton’s phosphorus, 161.

Carbon, allotropic state of, 43.

Carboniferous plants, fossil, 339.

Carbonic acid, solid, 111.

—— quantity in atmosphere, 311.

Cassini on magnetic variation, 246.

Catalysis, 280.

Cell, organic, 361.

Cellini, Benvenuto, on the carbuncle, 159.

Central sun, doctrine of a, 27.

Changes, physical, 290.

Chemical phenomena developing heat, 42.

—— decomposition producing heat, 97.

—— combination by heat, 98.

—— affinity suspended by heat, 109.

—— radiations, 166.

—— power of solar rays in the Tropics, 177.

—— agency of luminous rays, 178.

—— action influenced by magnetism, 252.

—— forces, 270.

—— elements, 272.

—— proportions, 285.

—— metamorphoses, 289.

—— phenomena, 295.

—— composition of atmosphere, 322.

—— rays, action of, on germination, 375.

Chemistry, Electro, 206.

—— of Nature, 270.

—— Animal, 396.

Chinese knowledge of magnet, 236.

Chlorophylle, formation of, 373.

Chloride of sulphur, transparency of, to heat, 65.

Chlorine and hydrogen combine by light, 171.

Chlorine in the ocean, 303.

Cholera and electricity, 215.

Choroid coat, the, 149.

Chromatic lines on the earth, 133.

Clay converted into slate by electricity, 227.

Climate of the earth, 350.

Clock, Electrical, 233.

Coal formation, theory of, 314.

Cohesive force opposed to gravitation, 33.

Cohesion and gravitation, 49.

—— distinguished from crystallization, 51.

Cold, extreme, 110.

Colour of bodies, 132.

—— changes of, in chemical combinations, 290.

—— blue, of sky, 320.

—— of steam, 321.

Colours, Newton’s theory of, 135.

Coloured heat rays, 85.

Combining equivalents, 273.

—— forces, 292.

Combination, laws of, 286.

—— of forces, 330.

Combustion, 305.

Comets, 26.

Condensation of gases, 290.

Conduction of heat, 69.

Conducting power of bodies for heat, 89.

Condition, change of chemical, 271.

Conversion of motion, 16.

Convection of heat, 69.

Cotyledons, use of the, 368.

Coulomb on repulsion of atoms, 47.

Creation, oneness of, 406.

Cretaceous formations, 344.

Crosse on electricity, 227.

Crustaceans, metamorphosis of, 389.

Crust of the earth, 333.

Crystals, pseudomorphous, 54.

——, size of, 56.

Crystallogenic forces, 50.

Crystalline bodies, magnetic influence of, 260.

Cudworth’s “Plastic Nature,” 10.

Current, electric, speed of, 231.

——, electricity, magnetic, 239.

Crystallization, 50.

Cultivation, limits of, 379.

Currents of electricity around the earth, 224.

Cyanite, a true magnet, 48.

Daguerre’s discovery, 170.

Daguerreotype, the, 172.

Dalton on Aurora Borealis, 248.

—— on liquefaction, 287.

Dalton’s atomic theory, 278.

Daniel on incandescence, 100.

Dark lines of spectrum, 125.

Darwin on sea-weeds of the Southern Ocean, 316.

Davy, Sir H., on the elements, 328.

—— on flame, 307.

—— discovers the alkaline metals, 325.

Decomposition, electro-chemical, 208.

De la Tour, Cagniard’s experiments, 105.

Delaroche on heat, 93.

Density of the earth, 31.

Development, animal, 384.

Dew, formation of, 81.

Diamond, allotropic carbon, 43.

——, phosphorescence of, 160.

Diamagnetism, 253.

Diamagnetic nature of gases, 259.

Diathermic bodies, 94.

Diffusion of gases, 323.

Digestion a cause of heat, 105.

Dip of magnetic needle, 247.

Dimorphism in crystals, 55.

Directive power of a magnet on crystals, 261.

Distribution of elements, 328.

Divisibility of matter, 38.

Döbereiner’s lamp, 281.

Dispersion of light, 129.

Draper on incandescence, 100.

Dumas on atoms, 39.

Dust, a grain of, 2.

Earth, physical, the, 1.

—— density of, 31.

—— the revolution of the, 77.

——, geological formation of, 333.

Earth’s, motion, 11.

—— temperature dependent on the sun, 63.

Effects produced by loss of heat, 69.

Eggs, number of, laid by insects, 399.

Elective affinity, 292.

Electricity, 193.

Electricity and light influencing crystallization, 57.

——, kinds of, 195.

—— contained in water, 203.

—— developed by chemical action, 204.

——, velocity of, 231.

—— of plants, 380.

Electric condition of matter, 5.

—— telegraph, the, 231.

—— affinity, 275.

Electrical phosphorescence, 160.

—— action influenced by actinism, 183.

—— radiations, 190.

—— clock, 233.

Electro-chemistry, 206.

Electro culture, 223.

Electrotype, the, 229.

Electro-chemical decomposition, 208.

Electro-magnetism, 240.

Electrum, 193.

Elements, chemical, 37, 272.

——, atmospheric, 325.

——, interchanges of, 319.

Englefield on heat rays, 67.

Eocene formations, 346.

Equinoxes, precession of the, 244.

——, the vernal and autumnal, 77.

Epicurus’ hooked atoms, 48.

Epipolic phenomena, 129.

Eremacausis, 105.

Ether, hypothesis of an, 120.

Examples of crystallization, 59.

Expansion of bodies by heat, 96.

Eye, mechanism of, 149.

Faraday on Magnetism of Crystals, 59.

—— on solidification of gases, 112.

—— on magnetization of light, 147.

—— on the gymnotus, 211.

—— on diamagnetism, 254.

Ferro-magnetic bodies, 255.

Fish Lizard, the, 341.

Fixed stars, light of, 122.

Flint glass, permeability to heat, 65.

Flora, fossil, 345.

Flowers, influences of, 317.

Fluid, magnetic theory of, 252.

Fluorescence of light, 130.

Forbes, Prof. Jas., on vibrations of heated metals, 97.

Forbes, Prof. Edward, on zones of life in the ocean, 127.

Forbes on colour of steam, 321.

Force producing motion, 9.

—— a cause of motion, 17.

——, molecular, 40.

—— of crystallization, 61.

Forces, active, in matter, 3.

——, balance of, 14.

—— in antagonism, 407.

Form, change of, 2.

—— of surface, influence of, on climate, 351.

——, variety of vegetable, 359.

Foster describes Northern Lights, 249.

Fox, R. W., on temperature of Cornish mines, 91.

Franklin on atoms, 47.

Franklin’s kite experiment, 214.

Freezing mixtures, 110.

Freezing, remarkable phenomena of, 112.

—— of water, 302.

Friction, 17.

Frictional electricity, 199.

Fraunhofer’s dark lines, 125.

Franklin’s experiment on heat, 75.

Fusion influenced by pressure, 107.

Galvanism, 201.

Galvani’s experiment, 201.

Gases, condensation of, 111, 290.

——, magnetism of, 259.

Gaseous constitution, 317.

Gauss’s theory of magnetism, 243.

Generation, spontaneous, 363.

Geological phenomena, 332.

Germ, Treviranus on the, 361.

Germination of seeds, 367.

Glass, coloured, transparency to heat, 65.

Goethe’s theory of colour, 139.

Goethe on phosphorescence, 157.

—— on the leaf, 369.

Graham’s law of diffusion, 323.

Gravitation, 21.

Growth explained, 52.

——, progress of, 364.

—— defined, 383.

Grove decomposes water by heat, 98.

Gulf stream, the, 81.

Gulielmini on crystallisation, 50.

Gun cotton, 103.

Gymnotus electricus, 211.

Gyroscope, the, 14.

Hansteen and Arago on Northern Lights, 248.

Hansteen on magnetism, 244.

Heat, solar and terrestrial, 62.

——, conductors of, 90.

——, rays absorbed by atmosphere, 63, 73.

—— and light, their relations, 64.

——, radiation of, 82.

—— rays, coloured, 85.

—— lessens chemical affinity, 88.

——, latent, 101.

——, decomposition by, 109, 276.

——, scientific knowledge of, 114.

—— developed by combustion of wood equivalent to heat absorbed in growth, 116.

——, influence of, on magnetism, 241.

——, action of, on water, 302.

——, influence of on plants, 371.

—— essential to life, 395.

Heliography of M. Niepce, 170.

Herbivorous animals, 315.

Herschel on the nebulæ, 24.

Herschel, Sir W., on heat rays, 67.

Hobbes on the properties of matter, 8.

Hopkins on the temperature of fusion, 107.

Huyghens on double refraction, 140.

Hydra, the, 387.

Hydrogen, peroxide of, 298.

—— and oxygen, 289, 297.

Hydro-carbons, 297.

Hydro-carbon compounds, 308.

Hypnotism, Mr. Braid on, 269.

Ice, 301.

Ichthyosaurus, the, 341.

Igneous rocks, 335.

Ignition by chemical action, 102.

Iguanodon, the, 343.

Incandescence, temperature of, 69–100.

Influences of matter on heat, 79.

Infusoria and animalculæ, 387.

Interference of light, 138.

Intensity, magnetic, 247.

Invisible light, Moser on, 188.

Iodide of silver found natural, 304.

Iodine, 304.

Iridescent paper, 137.

Iron, magnetic, 235.

——, soft, rendered magnetic, 241.

——, rusting, 306.

Isomeric compounds, 291.

Isomorphism, 290.

Isothermic lines, 92.

Isodynamic lines, 247.

Jones, Rymer, on sponges, 345.

Joule on anhydrous salts, 287.

—— on heat and motion, 18.

Kircher’s Magnetism, 264.

Kupffar on magnetic storms, 249.

Lamination of clay by electricity, 226.

Land and sea, alternations of, 340.

Laplace’s theory of the universe, 23.

Latent heat, 101.

Lavoisier’s theory of combustion, 305.

Law of gravitation, 30.

Lawson, letter from Mr., on germination of seeds, 375.

Leaf, the functions of the, 369.

Leaves of plants, action on air of, 311.

Le Verrier on planet Neptune, 32.

Leyden jar, the, 198.

Lias formations, 341.

Liebig and organic chemistry, 284.

Life and light, 52.

——, influence of light on, 153.

—— dependent on light, 164.

——, vegetable, 362.

——, mysteries of, 398.

Light, 118.

—— essential to life, 39.

—— of fixed stars, 122.

——, transparency to, 124.

——, transmission of, through different media, 128.

——, absorption of, 125.

——, interference of, 138.

——, polarized condition of, 141.

——, magnetization of, 146.

——, artificial, 162.

——, influence of, on plants, 373.

—— and heat, correlation of, 64.

Lightning conductors, 215.

Lindley on the leaf, 370.

Lubbock, Sir J., on shooting stars, 22.

Lodes, mineral, electricity of, 225.

Luminous and actinic rays distinguished, 176.

Machine electricity, 209.

Magellanic clouds, 25.

Magnetic curves, 236.

—— iron ore, 237.

—— polarity, 237.

—— points of convergence, 244.

—— poles of the earth, 245.

—— intensity, 247

—— storms, 249.

—— lines of no variation, 243.

Magnetism, 235.

—— induced, 238.

—— influenced by heat, 242.

——, universality of, 253.

—— of gases, 259.

—— induced by solar rays 263.

—— and electricity, correlation of, 239.

—— and crystallisation, 57.

Magneto-electrical decomposition, 230.

Magnetisation of light, 146.

Malus on polarisation, 139.

Mammalia, fossil, 343.

Man, temperature of, 105.

Manganesiate of potash, 171.

Mantell, Dr., on the iguanodon, 343.

Mariotte on seat of vision, 149.

Matter, its general conditions, 1.

——, forms of, 21.

——, transmutation of, 37.

——, divisibility of, 38.

——, solid, absorption of heat by, 75.

——, influence of, on light, 162.

——, polarity of, 265.

—— and its properties, 409.

——, entity of, 410.

——, varied condition of, 36.

Mayer’s hypothesis of three colours, 138.

Mechanical force and heat, 103.

Mechanism of the eye, 149.

Media, influence of, on light, 128.

Medusæ, phosphorescence of, 159.

Melloni on coloured heat rays, 85.

—— on new nomenclature for heat, 95.

Mesmer and electricity, 222.

Metamorphic rocks, 336.

Metamorphoses of animals, 389.

Mexico, Gulf of, warmth of the, 81.

Mica, black, transparency to heat, 66.

Miller, Dr., on dark lines of the spectrum, 126.

Mineral veins, electricity of, 225.

Mines, Cornish, temperature of, 91.

Miocene formations, 346.

Mirrors, magic, 191.

Mitscherlich on expansion of crystals by heat, 257.

Molecular forces, 35, 40.

——, compound action of, 279.

Molecules, Dumas on, 39.

—— combination, 277.

Morichini and Carpi on magnetism of violet rays of light, 263.

Moser on invisible light, 189.

Motion, 7.

—— a property of matter, 8.

——, principles of, 10.

—— of the earth, 12.

—— round an axis shows the earth’s motion, 18.

——, influence of, on form, 32.

Mountain ranges probably determined by magnetic force, 262.

Multiplication of life, 399.

Musical notes produced by heat, 97.

Muscular contraction by electricity, 202.

Musschenbroek of Leyden, 198.

Mythology, ancient, probable origin of, 353.

Natural polarization, 145.

Nebulous state of matter, 23.

Neptune, discovery of, 32.

Newton on gravitating force, 49.

Newton on motion, 9.

Newton’s hypothesis of matter, 4.

—— theory of heat, 115.

—— theory of light, 120.

—— theory of colours, 135.

Niepce on the chemical radiations, 168.

Nitrogen, magnetic neutrality of, 259.

——, combinations of, 324.

——, supposed metallic nature of, 325.

Nocturnal radiation, 83.

Northern lights, the, 268.

Obsidian transparency to heat, 66.

Ocean, waters of, 303.

Oersted discovers electro-magnetism, 238.

Orders of animals, 386.

Organic creation, influence, 185.

—— compounds, 283.

—— compounds, influence of light on them, 181.

—— chemistry, 331.

—— cell, 360.

—— remains, 337.

Organized forms, varieties of, 35.

—— bodies, heat of, 104.

Organization, progress of, 385.

Oxides, metallic, 326.

Oxidizable metals, 305.

Oxygen gas magnetic, 259.

—— and nitrogen, uses of, 321.

—— and carbon in animals, 396.

Ozone, 299.

—— and electricity, 217.

Palladium maintaining slow combustion, 309.

Parathermic rays, 74.

—— rays, influence in nature, 377.

Particles, Dumas on, 39.

Peach on phosphorescence of the sea, 159.

Pearsall on phosphorescence, 160.

Pendulum, oscillation of, indicates the earth’s motion, 13.

Perkins on repulsion of heat, 108.

Permeation of heat, 96.

Perturbations of Uranus, 31.

Pestilential diseases, 216.

Phenomena of vision, 148.

——, natural, of electricity, 194.

——, recent geological, 349.

Phosphorescence of animals, 154.

—— of plants, 156.

Phosphorescent spectrum, 184.

Phosphoric acid detected in the oldest rocks, 337.

Photosphere of the sun, 123.

Photography, 170.

——, its importance, 180.

Physiological influences of electricity, 219.

Physical forces, action of, 4, 45.

—— forces, modes of motion, 7.

—— properties of polarized light, 142.

Physiological influences of magnetism, 268.

Pilchard, on the, by Couch, 315.

Plants, distribution of, dependent on light, 133.

——, phosphorescence of, 156.

——, respiration of, 312.

—— and animals, dependence of, 313.

——, growth of, 368.

—— bend to the light, 373.

——, distribution of, 378.

—— of the Tropics, 381.

Plane polarization, 141.

“Plastic nature” of Cudworth, 10.

Plateau’s experiment on bodies relieved from gravitation, 33.

Platinum maintaining slow combustion, 309.

Plato on motion, 10.

—— on light, 119.

Plesiosaurus, the, 341.

Pliocene formations, 346.

Plücker on crystallo-magnetic force, 57.

—— on diamagnetic bodies, 256.

Plumule, use of, 369.

Plutonic rocks, 334.

Polarization, circular and elliptical, 143.

Polarization of light, 139.

Polar condition of matter, 265.

Polypes and infusoria, 387.

Porosity of matter, 41.

Porta, Baptista—camera obscura, 149.

Powers, active, in nature, 405.

Prevost, theory of, on heat, 96.

Primary origin of our planet, 334.

Principles of motion, 10.

Prismatic refraction, 121.

—— rays, heat of, 67.

—— analysis of sunbeam, 134.

Principle of gravitation, 29.

——, elementary, 38.

Properties, essential, of matter, 5.

Pseudomorphism, 54.

Psychology of flowers, 357.

Pterodactyl, the, 342.

Pythagorean doctrine of motion, 10.

Quinine, solution, influence of, on light, 129.

Radiant heat, 69.

Radiation and absorption of heat, 77.

——, nocturnal, 83.

Raia torpedo, 211.

Raymond, Du Bois, on animal electricity, 221.

Refrangibility, rays of high, 130.

—— of solar forces, 168.

Refraction, prismatic, 121.

Races, dependence of, 315.

Repulsion of heat, 108.

Respiration of animals, 310.

—— plants, 312.

Rest, absolute and relative, 15.

Respiration a cause of heat, 105.

Retina, the, 149.

Revelations of nature, 401.

Revolution of magnetic poles, 246.

Robinson on decomposition by heat, 98.

Rock formations, 335.

Rocks, conducting power of, 224.

Rosse’s, Lord, telescopes, 25.

Rumford, Count, experiments on heat, 18.

—— on chemical properties of light, 99.

Rings, Newton’s, 137.

Safety lamp of Davy, 309.

Salt rock, transparency to heat, 65.

Saturn’s ring explained, 34.

Savart on vibrating plates, 257.

Seasons, influence of heat on the, 70.

Sea, phosphorescence of, 158.

Schönbein on ozone, 299.

Schwabe on solar spots, 243.

Seebeck on thermo-electricity, 211, 248.

Selenite and alabaster, 60.

Sénarmont on conducting power of crystals for heat, 257.

Shooting stars, 21.

Silicon, allotropic state of, 43.

Silica, substitution of, 345.

Simple bodies, chemical, 329.

Sky of tropical climes, 319.

Slow combustion in animals, 397.

Smee on electricity and vitality, 219.

Solar system, motion of, 11.

—— disc, light from, 185.

—— influence on magnetism, 263.

Solidification of gases by Faraday, 112.

Solstices, summer and winter, 77.

Solar spots connected with magnetism, 243.

Solar phosphori, 161.

Somerville, Mrs., magnetises needles by light, 263.

Sound and light, analogy of, 151.

Spectra produced by polarization of light, 144.

Spectrum, dark lines of, 125.

Spheroidal condition of fluids, 107.

Spontaneous ignition, 307.

Stahl on phlogiston, 305.

Stars, shooting, theories of, 21.

Steel ornaments incandescent, 137.

Stereoscope, the, 151.

Stokes, Prof., on fluorescence, 130.

Stratified formations, 334.

Strength of animals, 400.

Structure, influence of, on magnetism, 256.

——, relation of, to physical phenomena, 257.

Struvé on motion of solar system, 12.

Substitution, chemical, 279.

——, law of, 288.

Substances, all, electric, 197.

Subterranean temperature, 91.

Sulphuric acid, permeability to heat, 65.

Surfaces, action of, 282.

Sulzar on galvanism, 201.

Sulphuretted hydrogen, solid, 111.

Sun, the central, 28.

——, the source of light, 121.

——, physical state of the, 123.

——, a magnetic centre, 265.

Tadpole, metamorphosis of, 389.

Talbot’s sensitive photographic process, 178.

Telegraph, electric, 231.

Temperature of incandescence, 68.

Temperature, subterranean, 91.

Terrestrial currents of electricity, 224.

—— magnetism, 255.

Thales of Miletus discovers electricity, 193.

Theories of light, 86, 118.

Thermography, 188.

Thermometric examination of the temperature of flowers, 76.

Thermo-electricity, 209.

Theory of motion producing force, 15.

Thilorier on solid carbonic acid, 111.

Time, influence of, 332.

Tissues, catalytic power of, 310.

Tourmaline, action of, on light, 142.

Trade winds, 81.

Transition series of rocks, 336.

Transparency, calorific, 67.

——, luminous, 124.

Transmutation of matter, 37.

Transmission of light, 128.

Transcalescent bodies, 94.

Trevelyan, Mr., on vibration of heated metals, 97.

Tyndale proves the influence of structure on magnetism, 258.

Type, elements of the organic, 289.

Undulations producing colour, 131.

Undulatory theory of heat, 115.

—— theory of light, 121.

Uranus, discovery of, 31.

Uranium glass, influence of, on light, 129.

Vapour, elastic force of, 318.

Variation, magnetic, 244.

Vegetables conductors of electricity, 379.

Vegetable life, phenomena of, 357.

Vegetation of carboniferous epoch, 339.

Velocity of electricity, 231.

Vertebrate animals, 390.

Vision, phenomena of, 148.

Vis vitæ, vital principle, 391.

Vision single with a pair of eyes, 150.

Vitality superior to physical force, 53.

Vision, seat of, 149.

Volume, doctrine of, 287.

Volcanic action referred to chemical action, 271.

Volatilization of matter, 27.

Voltaic electricity, 201.

Water, absorption of heat by, 74.

—— frozen free of air, 112.

—— free of air, peculiar state of, 113.

——, electricity in a drop of, 204.

——, composition of, 296.

Wargentin’s notice of aurora, 248.

Wave movement of heat and light, 68.

Wealden formations, 343.

Wedgwood on incandescence, 100.

Wells, Dr., on dew, 84.

Wiedemann on electrical vibrations, 257.

Wenzel’s proportional numbers, 277.

Winds dependent on heat, 80.

Wollaston notices dark lines in spectrum, 125.

World, its age, 404.

Young on molecular forces, 49.

Zodiacal light, 25.

Zoophytes, microscopic, 387.

THE END.

Wilson and Ogilvy, 57, Skinner Street, Snowhill, London.