INDEX
Reading edition
INDEX
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Accomac, farms and tithables of, 58; 79.
Allen, Arthur, six tithables, 57.
Allen, William, Burgess in 1629, 73.
Allerton, Isaac, deals in servants, 48.
Ambrose, Robert, deals in servants, 49.
Anbury, Major, describes Virginia upper class, 158.
Andros, Sir Edmund, 29; 35; 52; hesitates to deprive wealthy of land holdings, 143-144.
Archer, George, deals in servants, 49; extensive landowner, 79.
Armetrading, Henry, 79.
Artisans, became planters in Virginia, 27; called for in broadside of 1610, 28; on the plantations, 156-157.
Ashton, Peter, deals in servants, 48.
Austin, James, deals in servants, 48.
Avery, Richard, his cattle, 101; inventory of, 106.
Bacon Nathaniel, Sr., 109; 110.
Bacon, Nathaniel, Jr., describes poverty in Virginia, 91; rebellion of and Navigation Acts, 92-93; says peoples hoped in Burgesses, 109; 113.
Baker, John, buys Button's Ridge, 49.
Baldwin, William, landowner, 79.
Ballard, Thomas, 109.
Ball, William, has 22 slaves.
Baltic, English trade of, 8; Denmark controls entrance to, 9; wars endanger trade to, 9; cheap labor of, 16; 17; tobacco trade to, 118-119; trade to injured by wars, 131, 148.
Banister, John, has 88 slaves, 158.
Barbadoes, complain of Navigation Acts, 94.
Barnett, Thomas, servant, Burgess in 1629, 74.
Bassett, William, deals in servants, 48.
Beer, George Lewis, defends Navigation Acts, 86-87; says trade restrictions did not cause Bacon's Rebellion, 92; statement of concerning county grievances, 93; denies that serious opposition existed to Navigation Acts, 93-94.
Bell, Richard, landowning freedman, 74.
Bennett, Richard, estate of described, 108.
Bennett, Samuel, landowning freedman, 74.
Berkeley, John, conducts iron works in Virginia, 18.
Berkeley, Lord John, 90.
Berkeley, Sir William, describes servants, 34; describes early mortality among servants, 39; estimates servants at 6,000 in 1671, 41; instructed to prohibit foreign trade, 69; permits foreign trade during Civil War, 69; calls Virginia land of opportunity, 75; proclaims Charles II, 84, 111; 89; describes poverty of Virginia, 90, 91, 92, 93; controls Assembly, 94; goes to England to combat Navigation Acts, 94-95; plans to establish manufactures, 95; denounces Navigation Acts, 95-96; 98; secures body guard, 111; elected Governor prior to Restoration, 112; fears King's resentment, 113; small planters turn against in Bacon's Rebellion, 113; estimates slaves at 2,000 in 1670, 124; 125; 160.
Beverley, Robert, Sr., extensive dealer in servants, 48, 109; 113.
Beverley, Robert, Jr., 61; imports slaves, 130; describes pride of poor whites, 155.
Bibbie, Edmund, deals in servants, 49.
Binns, Thomas, eight tithables, 57.
Bishop, John, Burgess and landowner, 78.
Blackstone, John, patents land, 74.
Bland, John, remonstrates against Navigation Acts, 88-89; 93.
Blair, Rev. John, asks funds for college, 50, 136.
Blewit, Capt., sets up iron works in Virginia, dies, 181.
Board of Trade, arrears of quit rents reported to, 51; Nicholson writes to concerning rent roll, 52; says servants not slaves, 60; Berkeley protests to, 95, 119; asks reasons for emigration of Virginia whites, 140; seeks to limit size of land grants, 143; again alarmed at emigration from Virginia, 145, 147, 157.
Bolling, Mrs. Mary, has 51 slaves, 158.
Brent, Giles, deals in servants, 48; 109; 113.
Bridger, Joseph, deals in servants, 48; 109.
Briggs, Gray, has 43 slaves, 158.
British Empire, beginnings of misunderstood, 14; begun, 19; important rôle of tobacco in, 27.
Broadnat, John, 128.
Broadside, in 1610 calls for settlers for Virginia, 28.
Browne, Robert, landowning freedman, 74.
Browne, William, nine tithables, 57.
Bruce, Philip Alexander, describes small planters, 54.
Brunswick, land patents in small, 145.
Bullock, William, denies that servants are slaves, 60.
Burgesses, 54, petition King, 65; complain of high freight rates, 72; freedmen among, 73-75; Navigation Acts and, 94-95; represent interest of small planters, 109; defy the king, 110; petition of, 110; rule Virginia, 1652-1660, 112; growing influence of, 109.
Burwell, Francis, patents land in James City, 77.
Burwell, John, has 42 slaves, 158.
Burwell, Lewis, deals in servants, 48; 109.
Burcher, William, patents land, 79.
Bushood, John, sells land, 49.
Butt, Thomas, deals in servants, 48.
Button, Robert, receives estate, 49.
Button, Thomas, owner of Button's Ridge, 49.
Byrd, William I, says rent rolls inaccurate, 52; 109; uses slaves, 130.
Byrd, William II, gives reasons for emigration to Carolina, 146.
Carter, John, 109.
Carter, Robert, has 126 slaves, 153.
Carleill, Capt. Christopher, urges trade with America, 11.
Carolina, emigration to from Virginia, 99-100; 139-146.
Cattle, plentiful in Virginia, 101.
Chambers, William, servants and slaves of, 59.
Chandler, John, landowning freedman, 74.
Charles I, considers smoking harmful, 26; tries to limit tobacco planting in Virginia, 27; tries to limit English tobacco crop, 63; limits price of tobacco, 65; regulates tobacco trade, 67-69; 70; defied by Assembly, 110; 111.
Charles II, 33; proclaimed in Virginia, 84; 111; 93; 96; not restored in Virginia before Restoration in England, 112; tyranny of, 114.
Charles City, plantations small, 53; 54; farms and tithables of, 58; 79; 81.
Chastellux, describes poor whites of Virginia, 152; notes indolence of poor whites, 155.
Chew, Larkin, dealer in Spotsylvania land, 154.
Claiborne, William, deals in servants, 48.
Clayton, Thomas, 80.
Clergy, many plant tobacco, 28.
Clothing, want of felt in Virginia, 103.
Cloyse, Pettyplace, landowning freedman, 74.
Cole, Edward, patents land in James City, 77.
Colonial expansion, sought as remedy for British economic dependence, 10; urged by economists, 11; 12; 13.
Colonial system, 68; imperfectly enforced prior to 1660, 67-69; 85-86; embodied in Navigation Acts, 85; colonies to supplement England, 86; workings of at end of 17th century, 120; British conception of, 136.
Commerce, of England with Baltic, 8; principles of long known, 11; of England with Europe and East, 12; of England with France declines, 13; affords key to history, 22; in reëxported tobacco, 70; in tobacco revives after 1683, 114-115; in reëxported tobacco, 116-120; importance of in tobacco for England, 119, 122.
Commonwealth, tobacco high under, 66; Virginians trade abroad under, 69; 98; attitude of Virginia under, 110-11.
Constable, John, trades illegally, 69.
Cooke, John, landowning freedman, 74.
Cornell, Samuel, servants and slaves of, 59.
Council, 65; complains of high freight rates, 72; 90; describes poverty in Virginia, 91; says Virginia ready to revolt to Dutch, 96; 109; 110; members of hold land illegally, 143; gives reasons for immigration out of Virginia, 145; describes misery in Virginia, 150; declining influence of, 159.
Creighton, Henry, sells 100 acres, 50.
Criminals, few sent to Virginia, 32, 33; make no imprint on social fabric, 33.
Crocker, Wm., servants and slaves of, 59.
Cromwell, Oliver, sends Irish servants to Virginia, 33.
Crump, Thomas, servant, Burgess in 1632, 74; landowner, 75.
Culpeper, Lord, fears ruin of Virginia, 91, 114.
Custis, John, 109.
Daingerfield, William, has 61 slaves, 157.
Dawson, William, landowning freedman, 74.
Day, John, 80.
Delaware, manufactures of lure poor Virginia whites, 141; ration to, 139-146.
Delk, Roger, landowning freedman, 74.
Dicks, John, purchases land, 49.
Digges, Dudley, 109.
Diggs, William, has 72 slaves, 158.
Dinwiddie county, poor whites in, 151; small slave holders of, 153; large slave holders of, 158.
Dodman, John, landowner, 79.
Dorch, Walter, inventory of, 106.
Duties, French put on English woolens, 13; on reëxported tobacco partly refunded, 70; on reëxported tobacco, 117; on tobacco yield grown large revenue, 120.
Edwards, John, slaves of in plot, 128.
Edwards, William, has six tithables, 57; slaves of in plot, 128.
Effingham, Lord, tyranny of in Virginia, 114.
Elizabeth City, plantations of small, 53; farms and tithables of, 58; servants and slaves in, 59.
Emigration, from Virginia in years from 1660 to 1725, 40, 62, 139-146; not caused by large land grants, 144-145; extent of, 146.
England, colonial expansion necessary for, 7; forests depleted, 7; industry declining, 8; Baltic trade of, 8; future depends on colonies, 13; 14; joy of at founding of Virginia, 15; disappointed in Virginia, 19; tobacco bill of, 26; supplies Virginia with labor, 31; poverty in, 31; cannot consume entire colonial tobacco crop, 86; tobacco planting in prohibited, 87; glut of tobacco in, 68-89; adheres to colonial policy, 95.
Epes, Francis, 79, 127.
Essex, land transfers in, 46; plantations of small, 53; farms and tithables of, 58.
Falling Creek, iron works at, 17; destroyed in 1622, 18.
Fane, Francis, says slave labor cheapens tobacco, 132.
Fish, plentiful in Virginia, 15.
Fithian, Philip, describes poor whites of Virginia, 152, 155.
Fitzhugh, William, 109; refers to slave imports, 130.
Flax, in Virginia, 15.
Fleet, tobacco, brings servants, 35; size of in 1690 and 1706, 122.
Foster, Armstrong, 79, 80.
Foster, Robert, buys 200 acres, 50.
Fowl, wild, abundant in colonial Virginia, 102.
Fox, William, has 25 slaves, 153.
France, exports wine and silk, 12; British trade with declines, 13; tobacco trade to, 119; trade to injured by war, 131.
Freedmen, 80 per cent of servants become, 40; prior to 1660 remained in Virginia, 40; form large part of population, 41; annual recruits of, 41; usually young, 42; might acquire property, 43; perform bulk of work, 43; what became of, 43; become small planters, 60; outfit of, 61; not entitled to land, 61; prosperity of hinges on tobacco, 62; Virginia land of opportunity for, 71; profits of from tobacco, 71-72; in Burgesses, 73-74; prosperous, 74-80; little hope of advancement for after 1660, 97-100; few in rent roll of 1704, 122-123.
Freemen, entitled to headrights, 35; many come to Virginia, 36; become small planters, 60-75; many pay own passage, 81-82.
Freight rates, high from England, 71-72; excessive, 90.
Fruit, 12, abundant in Virginia, 102.
Fuel, abundant in Virginia, 105.
Gardens, common in Virginia, 102, 105.
Garnet, John, buys 600 acres, 50.
George, The, takes cargo of tobacco to England, 25; 64.
Gilbert, George, patents land in James City, 77, 79.
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, voyage to America, 11.
Glass, possibilities for in Virginia, 15; beginning made of in Virginia, 17; early history of in Virginia, 18-19.
Gloucester, average plantation in, 54; farms and tithables of, 58; 80; 113; poor whites of, 151; small slave holders in, 154; large slave holders in, 157; 159.
Good, John, describes poverty in Virginia, 91.
Gooch, Governor, says large holdings no impediment to settlement, 145; says poor whites make best tobacco, 147.
Governor, plants tobacco, 28; appoints sheriffs, 51; makes efforts to collect quit rents, 51; 65; neglects servants, 73; 90; 109; elected by burgesses, 1652-1660, 112.
Goring, John, servants and slaves of, 59.
Grain, abundance of in Virginia, 102.
Graves, Ralph, his servant valued at £10, 127.
Grey, James, buys 200 acres, 49.
Grey, John, his cattle, 101; inventory of, 106.
Grey, Francis, Burgess and landowner, 78-79.
Grey, Thomas, 78.
Hakluyt, Richard, advises colonial expansion, 11; shows British dependence on Spain, 12; expects surplus of population in England to emigrate to America, 16; 19.
Hammond, John, advice to servants, 61; describes Virginia residences, 104.
Harmar, Charles, imports slaves, 124.
Harris, John, Burgess in 1629, 73.
Harrison, Benjamin, 109.
Hart, Henry, his slave in plot, 128.
Hartwell, Henry, deals in servants, 48.
Harvey, Sir John, complains of low prices for tobacco, 65; asks freedom of trade for Virginia, 68; testifies to illegal foreign trade, 68-69; complains of high freight rates, 72; ejected by people, 110.
Hatfield, James, landowning freedman, 75.
Headrights, described, 34; 35; averaged about 1750 a year, 41; determine size of land grants, 47; brought in by well known planters, 48; do not belong to servant, 61; appear in wills, 76; transfer of by sale, 76; become landowners, 77; not all servants, 77; compared with rent roll, 97-99.
Hemp, in Virginia, 15.
Henrico, false returns in, 55; farms and tithables of, 58; servants and slaves in, 59; 79.
Hill, Edward, 109.
Hill, John, landowning freedman, 75; book binder at Oxford, 75.
Hodge, John, servants and slaves of, 59.
Holding, John, landowner, 79.
Holland, exports fish, 12; trade of declines, 13; controls slave trade, 31; 125; tobacco exports to, 86-89; Navigation Acts cut exports to, 87; distributor of English colonial tobacco, 88; plants own tobacco, 88; wars with, 89; Virginians threaten to revolt to, 91, 96; 116; tobacco exports to, 120; fights to preserve her monopoly of slave trade, 126; seeks to control tobacco trade on continent, 149-150.
Honey, produced in Virginia, 102.
Hotten's Emigrants to America, gives lists of servants, 42; 73.
Houses, comfortable in Virginia, 103-104.
Howlett, William, buy 200 acres, 50.
Immigration, volume of in 17th century, 35-36; fixes character of eastern Virginia, 36; not restricted to servants, 36.
Indentures, system of, 32; terms of, 61.
Indians, desire to convert, 14; revere tobacco, 24; unsuited for laborers, 30.
Industry, 22; pictured in Virginia, 28; Virginia not suited for, 29.
Inventories, throw light on distribution of servants and slaves, 59; 73; typical examples of, 106-107.
Iron, smelting of exhausts forests, 8; could be smelted in Virginia, 15; early manufacture of in Virginia, 17-18.
Isle of Wight county, farms and tithables of, 58; 79.
Jackson, William, has 49 slaves, 158.
James I, forced to use tobacco, 25; considers smoking harmful, 26; regulates tobacco trade, 67.
James II, tyranny of, 114.
James City county, plantations and tithables of, 58; landowners listed as headrights in, 76-77; 79; slave plot in, 128.
James River, iron works on, 17; 39; 70; 148.
Jamestown, 14; glass furnace at, 18; streets of planted with tobacco, 25; 86; 111; 112.
Jefferson, Thomas, says slavery made whites lazy, 155.
Jeffreys, Jeffrey, imports slaves, 131.
Jennings, Edmund, 109; describes slave plot, 128-129; says slaves injure credit of Virginia, 130; says few servants in 1708, 130-131; describes slave trade, 130-131; describes migration of poor whites, 145-146.
Johnson, John, sells land, 49.
Johnson, Joseph, transports servants, 78-79.
Jones, Anthony, servant, becomes landowner, 74.
Jones, Hugh, says tenants small part of population, 45; 155; says negroes make poor artisans, 156.
Jordan, Lt. Col., pays taxes on seven tithables, 56.
Kemp, Richard, says immigrants mostly servants, 82.
King William county, farms and tithables of, 58.
King and Queen county, farms and tithables of, 58.
Kinsman, Richard, makes perry, 108.
Knight, Sir John, says Virginia ready to revolt to Holland, 96.
Labor, lack of in Virginia, 16; foreign at Jamestown, 18; lack of handicaps industry, 19; 20; in Virginia determined by tobacco, 23; cheap needed in Virginia, 29; serious problem, 29; Indians unsuited for, 30; slave, 30; England supplies, 31; indenture system to supply, 32; influx of, 35.
Lancaster, 79; poor planters in, 151; small slave holders of, 153.
Land, cheap in Virginia, 29; 45; transfers of in Surry county, 46; in York, 46; in Rappahannock, 46; listed in rent roll of 1704-5, 53; monopoly of said to cause migration from Virginia, 141-143; large tracts granted, 142-144.
Land grants, average extent of, 47; determined by method of transporting immigrants, 47; vary greatly in size, 47; not index to size of plantations, 49.
Landowners, few large in 17th century, 43; glad to sell in small parcels, 45; chiefly small proprietors, 46; in census of 1626, 46; in York county, 46; in Essex, 46; often avoid quit rents, 51; listed in rent roll of 1704-5, 53; small proprietors neglected in history, 54; often poor men, 55; many work farms with own hands, 57; Government expects servants to become, 62; profits of from tobacco, 71-72.
Larkin, George, describes large land holdings, 144.
Lawrence, Richard, landowner, 79.
Leah and Rachel, 61.
Lee, Richard, imports 80 slaves, 125.
Leightenhouse, Thomas, 127.
Linton, John, estimates colonial tobacco, 115; estimates amount of reëxported tobacco, 118; declares Baltic tobacco trade ruined, 148; describes tobacco raising in Holland, 149.
London Company, national character of, 13; plans manufactures for Virginia, 15; cannot secure laborers for Virginia, 16; sets up iron works at Falling Creek, 17-18; displeased at tobacco culture in Virginia, 25; tobacco only hope of, 26; expects Virginia to duplicate England, 28; high price of tobacco pleases, 64; 73; 75.
Ludwell, Philip, 109; 113.
Ludwell, Thomas, places average tobacco crop at 1200 pounds, 64; 90; says tobacco worth nothing, 90; 91; 96.
Manufactures, attempts to establish in Virginia, 15-19; cause of failure, 19; purchased from Dutch, 68-69; colonial system based on expectation of, 86; Berkeley tries to establish, 95; local in Virginia, 103; of tobacco in England, 119, 122; exports of to tobacco colonies, 120; in northern colonies lure Virginia whites, 140; 141; on plantations, 108; 156-157.
Market, not free for tobacco, 66; tobacco sent to foreign, 67-70; Navigation Acts cut of foreign, 87; tobacco reëxported to continental, 116-120; Virginia and Maryland furnish for England, 120.
Maryland, emigration of whites from, 140; House of Delegates of explains migration, 191.
Mason, Francis, seven tithables, 57.
Mason, Winfield, has 40 slaves, 158.
Massacre, iron works destroyed during, 18.
Matthews, Samuel, his estate described, 108.
Merchant marine, threatened in England by lack of shipbuilding materials, 9; part of sea defense, 10; depleted at end of 16th century, 10; tobacco exports aid British, 26, 119, 122.
Menefie, George, his estate described, 108.
Middlesex, plantations small, 53; farms and tithables of, 58.
Milner, Thomas, deals in servants, 48.
Moseley, Capt. William, buys part of Button's Ridge, 50, 109.
Muir, Francis, has 47 slaves, 158.
Muscovy Company, Baltic trade of, 8; not exempt from customs, 9; urged to trade with America, 11.
Nansemond, plantations of small, 53; plantations and tithables in, 58.
Navigation Acts, 69; described, 84-86; resented in Holland, 88-89; Bland's remonstrance against, 88; cause of war with Holland, 89; cause extreme poverty in Virginia, 90-92; connected with Bacon's Rebellion, 92-93; why Virginia Assembly did not protest against, 94-95; Berkeley protests against, 94-95; 98; retard growth of population, 98-99; design of, 116.
New Albion, describes abundance of food in Virginia, 103; advises settlers in Virginia as to clothing, 104.
New Description of Virginia, presents optimistic picture of Virginia, 63; puts price of tobacco at 3d a pound, 66; describes foreign tobacco trade, 69; describes Virginia houses, 104; cites cases of wealth in Virginia, 107.
New Kent, farms and tithables of, 58.
Newport, Capt. Christopher, returns to England in 1607, 15; brings iron ore to England in 1607, 17.
New Jersey, manufactures of lure Virginia whites, 141.
Nicholson, Sir Francis, 29; 50; orders accurate rent roll in 1690, 51; again attempts rent roll in 1699, 52; completes rent roll, 52; 54; makes rent roll accurate, 55, 97; 114; gives reason for migration from Virginia and Maryland, 140, 141; sues Col. Lawrence Smith for arrears of quit rents, 143; testifies to large land grants, 144.
Norfolk, plantations of small, 53; farms and tithables of, 58; slave plot in, 129.
Northampton, farms and tithables of, 58; 79.
North Carolina, servants flee to, 83.
Northern Neck, omitted in rent roll, 50; 54; 55.
Norton, Capt. Wm., brings glass workers to Virginia, 19; dies, 19.
Page, Matthew, 109.
Page, Mann, has 157 slaves, 157.
Pagett, Anthony, Burgess in 1629, 73.
Parke, Daniel, 109.
Patent Rolls, in Virginia Land Office, 34; average grants in, 47; show large dealers in servants, 48; 73; reveal names of freedmen, 74-75.
Pattison, Thomas, landowner, 79.
Pearson, Christopher, inventory of, 107.
Pelton, George, 102.
Pennsylvania, manufactures of lure Virginia whites, 191; migration to, 139-146.
Perfect Description, numbers cattle in Virginia, 101.
Perry Micajah, reports on tobacco trade, 119.
Plantations, Virginia made up of, 29; cheap in Virginia, 29; labor for, 29-37; unhealthful sites for, 39; few large, 43; small hold own with large, 44; small outnumber large, 45; 46; transfers of in Surry county, 46; patents not index to size of, 49; tendency to break up large into small, 49; listed in rent roll of 1704-5, 53; largest in various counties, 53; average size of, 53; accurately listed in rent roll, 55; comparison of number of with workers, 55; number in each county, 58; settlers buy on frontier, 76; part only of each cultivated, 105.
Popleton, William, Burgess in 1629, 73.
Population, 28; 29; growth of from 1649 to 1675, 98; growth of slow, 99, 142.
Potash, England's need for, 8; found in Virginia, 15; first efforts to produce in Virginia, 17.
Pott, Dr. John, incites people against Sir John Harvey, 110.
Poultry, plentiful in Virginia, 102.
Poverty, in England, 31; Navigation Acts cause in Virginia, 91; one cause of Bacon's Rebellion, 92-93.
Present State of Tobacco Plantations, describes tobacco trade to France and Spain, 119; puts tobacco duties at £400,000, 121; describes ill effects of wars on tobacco trade, 148.
Prince George county, plantations and tithables of, 58.
Princess Anne county, plantations of small, 53; 54; farms and tithables of, 58; slave plot in, 129; small slave holders in, 154.
Public Record Office, has copy of rent roll of 1704, 52.
Quary, Colonel, says wars ruin tobacco trade, 148; 157.
Quit rents, collected by Crown on land, 50; revenue from considerable, 50; 51; often in arrears, 51; roll of in 1704, 51-55.
Ramshaw, William, landowning freedman, 75.
Randall, Robert, seven tithables, 57.
Randolph, Edward, remarks on slow growth of Virginia population, 99; says holdings of large tracts of land causes migration from Virginia, 141-143; says quit rents avoided, 142; suggests limiting size of grants, 143.
Randolph, William, imports slaves, 130.
Rappahannock county, land transfers in, 46; landowners of listed as headrights, 76; 79.
Rent Roll, Nickolson orders, 51; attempted in 1699, 52; completed in 1704-5, 52; shows small plantations, 53; accuracy of, 54-55; 5,500 farms listed in, 55; compared with tithables of 1702, 57-58; compared with headrights, 97-99; contains names of few freedmen, 122-123.
Restoration Period, brings suffering to Virginia, 84; 97; 104; 115; 116.
Rich, Nathaniel, buys tobacco at 2s a pound, 64.
Roberts, Robert, buys land, 49.
Robertson, William, makes copy of rent roll of 1704, 52.
Robins, Sampson, 79; patents land, 80.
Robinson, John, landowning freedman, 75.
Rolfe, Capt. John, first to cure Virginia tobacco, 24; 25.
Rooking, William, servants and slaves of, 59.
Rowlston, Lionell, servant, Burgess in 1629, 73; Burgess in 1632, 74; landowner, 74.
Russell, John, landowning freedman, 75.
Russia, tobacco trade to, 118-119; 148.
Samuel, Anthony, buys 300 acres, 50.
Sandys, George, selects site for iron works, 17; describes failure of glass works in Virginia, 19; writes for servants, 30; gives wages of laborers, 44.
Sandys, Sir Edwin, expects Virginia to duplicate England, 28.
Savadge, Thomas, landowning freedman, 74.
Scotchmon, Robert, servant, Burgess in 1632, 74.
Scott, Thomas, has 57 slaves, 158.
Scruely, Richard, patents land, 79.
Servants, London Company sends to Virginia, 16; Indian children as, 30; system of indentures for, 32; not criminals, 32; political prisoners among, 33; Irish among, 33; Oliverian soldiers among, 33; they plot against Government, 33; Scotchmen among, 33; Sedgemour prisoners among, 33; chiefly Englishmen, 34, 36; list of preserved, 34; headrights from, 35; influx of, 35; four or five years of service for, 38; become part of Virginia social fabric, 39; hardship and perils encountered by, 39; 80 per cent. become freedmen, 40; prior to 1660 remained in Virginia, 40; length of service for, 40; usually young when freed, 41, 42; estimated at 6,000 in 1671, 41; "seasoned," 42; become small part of population, 43; merchants bring to complete cargoes, 47; individual orders for, 48; in immigrant ships, 48; dealers in, 48; numbers in 1704, 56; listed as tithables, 56; distribution of, 58-59; not slaves, 60; like English apprentices, 60; outfit of on expiration of term, 61; not entitled to land, 61; hope to become landowners, 61-62; Virginia land of opportunity for, 71; freedmen often purchase, 72; of early period become prosperous, 73-80; list of, 78; proportion of among immigrants, 81-82; little hope for advancement of after 1660, 96-100; importation of in Restoration period, 98-99; inventories which show none, 106-107; many freed to fight in Bacon's Rebellion, 113; few become landowners at end of 17th century, 112-113; usefulness of as compared with slaves, 126; price of, 127; not always docile, 128; slave labor curtails importation of, 134; England opposes migration of, 135; vast numbers imported, 142.
Seymour, Attorney-General, tells Virginians to make tobacco, 136.
Sheep, scarce in Virginia, 102.
Sheriff, collects quit rents, 51; draws up rent roll, 52; unearths false returns, 54-55.
Sherwood, William, calls Bacon's men rabble, 93.
Shipbuilding, materials for needed in England, 8; lack of injures merchant marine, 9; materials for found in Virginia, 15; Capt. Smith explains why Virginia cannot produce materials for, 17.
Shurley, Daniel, landowning freedman, 74.
Sickness, The Virginia, Capt. Blewit dies of, 18; glass workers die of, 19; servants die of, 33; described, 39; terrible mortality from, 39, 80; abates before end of 17th century, 40; not fatal to slaves, 128.
Silk, from South Europe, 12; in Virginia, 15.
Slaughter, John, 80.
Slave trade, in hands of Dutch, 31; restrictions on, 45.
Slaves, adequate for tobacco raising, 29; first cargo of in Virginia, 30; few in Virginia prior to 1680, 31; influx of, 40; numbers in 1704, 56; listed as tithables, 56; distribution of, 58-59; inventories show that many planters had none, 106-107; used by wealthy men in 17th century, 108; first cargo of, 124; few prior to 1680, 124; importations of, 124-125; Dutch control trade in, 125-126; fitness of for tobacco culture, 126; price of, 127; labor of crude, 127-128; health of good, 128; docile, 128; plots among, 128-129; no wrong seen in, 129; duty on importation of, 129; large importations of, 1680-1708, 130-131; 6,000 by 1700, 130; 12,000 in 1708, 130; 30,000 in 1730, 131; use of cheapens tobacco, 132; use of curtails importation of servants, 134; England favors use of in Virginia, 135-136; pernicious effect of in ancient Rome, 137-139; effect of on Virginia yeomanry, 139-155; causes migration of whites, 139-146; at first produce only lower grades of tobacco, 147; become more efficient, 147; contempt of for poor whites, 152; small holders of, 152-159; cast stigma on labor, 155; large holders of increase in numbers, 155-159.
Smelting, wood needed for, 8; in Virginia, 15; machinery for sent to Virginia, 17; begun at Falling Creek.
Smith, Capt. John, describes Baltic trade, 8; explains difficulty of building up manufacturers in Virginia, 17.
Smither, William, buys 200 acres, 50.
Smyth, describes poor whites of Virginia, 152, 155.
Spain, commerce with, 12; growing domains of, 14; tobacco of used in England, 25, 26; tobacco of excluded from England, 67, 68, 86, 87; tobacco trade to, 119; trade to injured by war, 131.
Spanish Succession, War of, 103; 115; 119; cuts off tobacco trade to France and Spain, 131; 148.
Sparshott, Edward, landowning freedman, 74.
Smith, Lawrence, sued for arrears of quit rents, 143.
Sparkes, John, landowning freedman, 74.
Spencer, Capt. Robt., servants and slaves of, 59.
Spencer, Secretary, writes of reviving tobacco trade, 115; says slaves cheaper labor than whites, 132.
Splitimber, John, his cattle, 101; inventory of, 106-107.
Spotsylvania, large grants in, 145; poor whites in, 151; small slave holders of, 153-154; land transfers in, 154; large slave holders in, 157; 159.
Spotswood, Alexander, says slaves cause over production of tobacco, 129; 151; has 60 slaves, 158.
Storey, John, imports negroes, 130.
Stuarts, second despotism of, affects Virginia, 114.
Stublefield, George, has 42 slaves, 158.
Surry, land transfers in, 46; tithables in, 56, 58; inventories and wills in, 59; negroes plot in, 128.
Sweden, tobacco trade to, 118-119.
Symonds, Roger, granted 100 acres, 81.
Taliaferro, Richard, has 43 slaves, 158.
Tenants, few in Virginia, 44, 45, 62.
Thoroughgood, Adam, servant, Burgess in 1629, 73; Burgess in 1632, 74; landowner, 75; brother of Sir John Thoroughgood, 75.
Tithables, those listed as, 56; in Surry, 56-57; number of in various counties, 58.
Tobacco, history of Virginia built on, 20, 23; Indians revere, 24; first cured in Virginia by Rolfe, 24; Virginia suited for, 24; ready market for, 24; extensively used in England, 24; used by James I, 25; Virginians turn eagerly to culture of, 25; send first cargo of to England, 25; London Company displeased at culture of, 25; England reconciled to, 26; Virginia's only hope, 26; Crown tries to divert Virginia from, 27; cultivation in Virginia universal, 27; shapes immigration, 29; requires unskilled labor, 29; prosperity of freedmen hinges on, 62; amount of one man could produce, 63-64; over production of in 1640, 63; price of prior to 1660, 64-67; account for migration of 1618-1623, 64; rich returns from, 64; restrictions on trade of, 67-69; growing of in England prohibited, 67; tax on, 67; illegal foreign trade in, 68-69; reëxported from England, 70; Virginia underbids world in, 70; returns from, 71-72; freight on high, 72; effect of Navigation Acts on, 85-96; foreign trade in prohibited, 85; requires world market, 86; planting in England prohibited, 87; exports of to Spain, 87; reëxported, 87; planted in Holland, 88; glut in England causes price of to drop, 89-91; exhausts soil, 105; Charles I makes offer for, 110; trade of revives, 115-116; production of increases, 115-116; returns from, 116; reëxports of, 116-120; production of abroad, 117; duty on yields crown large revenue, 121; price of still low at end of 17th century, 123; slaves adequate to its cultivation, 127-128; wars interfere with trade in, 131; slaves cheapen production of, 132; poor whites produce the best, 146-147; foreign trade in ruined by war, 148-150; advantages of large plantations for, 156-157.
Towns, few in Virginia, 29.
Townsend, Richard, Burgess in 1629, 73.
Trussell, John, landowning freedman, 74.
Turnbull, Robert, has 81 slaves, 158.
Underwood, John, patents land in James City, 77.
Upton, John, landowning freedman, 75.
Vegetables, abundant in Virginia, 102.
Virginia's Cure, says Burgesses mostly freedmen, 74.
Virginia Unmasked, describes Virginia houses, 104.
Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, shows that many freedmen migrated to Virginia, 81.
Virginia Richly Valued, advises emigrants as to outfit, 104.
Wages, high in Virginia, 16; 29; 30; low in England, 31.
Wage earners, few in Virginia, 44; mostly recently freed servants, 44.
Walker, Robert, has 52 slaves, 158.
Warburton, Thomas, patents land in James City, 77.
Warden, Thomas, landowner, 79.
Warwick, average plantation of, 53; farms and tithables of, 58; 81.
Washington, Richard, deals in servants, 48.
Watson, John, landowning freedman, 75.
Weaver, Samuel, landowning freedman, 75.
Webster, Roger, servant, Burgess in 1632, 74.
Whitlock, Thomas, will of, 105-106.
Williamsburg, 35; 54.
Williams, William, buys 200 acres, 50.
Wills, throw light on distribution of servants and slaves, 59; 73; headrights mentioned in, 76.
Wine, prospect for in Virginia, 15.
Woolens, need of potash for, 8; French duty on, 13.
Woolritch, William, landowning freedman, 74.
Wormsley, Ralph, 109; letter to from Fitzhugh, 130.
Wray, Thomas, granted 50 acres, 81.
Yates, William, has 55 slaves, 158.
Yeomanry, largest class in Virginia, 59, 62; freedmen in, 72-82; 85; desperately poor, 90-91; driven to revolt by poverty, 92-93; no advancement for after 1660, 97-100; enjoy plentiful food, 101-103; often suffer for proper clothing, 103-105; Burgesses represented interests of, 109; aid in ejecting Harvey, 110; many favor Parliament in Civil War, 110-111; in control from 1652 to 1660, 112; chief sufferers from Navigation Acts, 113; support Bacon in rebellion, 113; struggle for political rights, 114; few recruits to at end of 17th century, 122; condition of at end of 17th century, 123; effect of slavery on in ancient Rome, 137-139; migration of from Virginia 139-146; produce higher grades of tobacco, 146-147; misery of in 1713, 150; many sink into poverty, 151-154; many become slave holders, 152-159; slaves make less industrious, 155; 160.
Yeardley, Sir George, 29; instructed to enforce free exchange of goods, 65.
York, land transfers in, 46; plantations of small, 53; farms and tithables of, 58; servants and slaves in, 59; landowners of who had been headrights, 76; 79; 107; 130.
Young, Richard, granted 100 acres, 81.
Transcriber's Notes:
Punctuation corrections:
Pg. 3 - added closing quotes (not even beggars;")
Pg. 142 - added quotes ("It should be inquired into," he said, "how it comes to pass ...)
Pg. 151 - added period (for themselves only. Making)
Pg. 152 - added opening quote ("illiberal, noisy and rude,")
Pg. 172 - Footnote [5-29], added closing quote (to the Government.")
Pg. 251 - added comma after "George" (Archer, George,)
Pg. 252 - changed "." to ";" (Carolina ... 99-100; 139-146.)
Pg. 254 - added comma after "Benjamin" (Harrison, Benjamin,)
Pg. 254 - added comma in Freedmen (what became of, 43;)
Pg. 257 - changed comma to semi-colon (Plantations ... listed in rent roll of 1704-5, 53;)
Spelling Corrections:
Pg. 87 - "exlusive" to "exclusive" (1) (secured exclusive privileges)
Pg. 88 - "nigher" to "higher" (profit higher at home?)
Pg. 124 - "butt wenty" to "but twenty" (there were but twenty)
Pg. 125 - "chieftians" to "chieftains" (the native chieftains)
Pg. 156 - "Birtish" to "British" (upon British imports)
Pg. 162 - added Chapter Title "Notes to Chapters" as shown in the Contents.
Pg. 176 - "Britain" to "British" (in Footnote [7-23] ... British Public Record Office)
Pg. 191 - "ped" to "per" (per Robert Rivers)
Pg. 208 - "Sgeriff" to "Sheriff" (Henry Royall Sheriff)
Pg. 215 - "Shreiff" to "Sheriff" (the Sheriff is to be allowed)
Pg. 215 - added "A" at head of alphabetical list of names.
Pg. 223 - "Sherif" to "Sheriff" (Tho Parker Sheriff)
Pg. 245 - added "D" at head of alphabetical listing of names.
Pg. 252 - "Spotsvylvania" to "Spotsylvania" (Chew, Larkin ... dealer in Spotsylvania)
Pg. 255 - "gratned" to "granted" (Land, ... large tracts granted,)
Pg. 257 - "Eir" to "Sir" (Sandys, Sir Edwin,)
Pg. 258 - "centry" to "century" (Sickness ... abates before end of 17th century,)
Pg. 259 - "Thorouhggood" to "Thoroughgood" (Thoroughgood, Adam, ... brother of Sir John Thoroughgood,)
Footnote and Anchor Corrections/Notations:
Footnotes and their anchors have been renumbered to include the chapter number, thus the Chapter 3 Footnote #5 becomes [3-5] in this e-text.
Footnotes without anchor points are not hyper-linked.
Pg. 19 - A second anchor to Footnote [1-18] has been corrected to anchor Footnote [1-19].
Pg. 87 - Chapter 5, Footnote anchors skip from [5-2] to [5-7], and again from [5-33] to [5-35]. No anchor points for Footnotes 3 through 6 or 34 appear in the original text though the footnotes are included in the "Notes to Chapters" beginning on pg. 162. Also;
Pg. 115 - Chapter 7, Footnotes skip from [7-2] to [7-4]. No reference point for Footnote 3.
Pg. 163 - Footnote [2-19], no page number was given. (p.--.)
Pg. 179 - Footnote [8-54], in reference to Philip Fithian, Journal and letters, p. 130 appears twice in original text and has been retained.
Appendix - Information contained in the Rent Rolls appears to have been set out verbatim for each VA county or Parish. Inconsistencies appearing in the original text, which have been retained include:
a. Inconsistent punctuation of abbreviations; b. Inconsistent representation of abbreviations; c. Missing end of line punctuation; d. Inconsistent alphabetization of proper names; e. Inconsistent spelling of proper names; f. Inconsistent mathmatical calculations;
Other notes and corrections:
Printer or Author regularly used "country" in place of what are VA. counties.
Pg. 251 - Index listing for Ball, William, no page reference given. However this name is referenced on page 153.
Pg. 253 - "558" to "58" (Index listing for Essex, ... farms and tithables of, 58.)
Pg. 258 - Index listing for Smelting ... begun at Falling Creek. No page reference given. However reference to both Smelting and Falling Creek appear on page 18.
Word variations:
"Perfect Discription" and "Perfect Description"
"pre-eminence" and "preëminently"