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The Philippines, Past and Present (Volume 2 of 2)

Note 12 — Chapter XXVI · Murder As a Governmental Agency

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Outside the Cebú towns occupied by the Americans the guerillas commanded by Maxilom were able to collect tribute by the employment of such methods as were provided for on June 22, 1900, by Maxilom’s order fixing the duties of the magdudukuts, or secret avengers, who were empowered to “execute without remorse all notorious traitors.”12 This was, in practice, a general warrant to commit murder.

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