Table of Contents
Reading edition
Contents. 11
Illustrations. 15
Introduction. 21
Preface. 25
Early History of the Islands. 29 Discovery and Conquest. 29 Adventures of Juan Sebastian Elcano. 31 Legaspi, the First Governor-General. 33 Li-ma-hong, the Chinese Pirate. 37 The Dutch Appear upon the Scene. 41 The Japanese, and the Martyred Saints. 44
The British Occupation. 49 General Draper’s Expedition. 49 The British Demand an Indemnity. 51 Intrigues Against the British. 55
The Spanish Colonial Government. 57 The Encomiendoros and the Alcaldes. 57 The Present Division and Administration. 60 The Taxes and What Became of Them. 62 Dilatory and Abortive Courts. 64 A New Yorker’s Experience. 66
The Church in the Colony. 71 Priesthood and the People. 71 Conflicts Between Church and State. 73 Clashings among the Friars. 76 The Monks Opposed to Reform. 77
The Various Tribes of the Philippines. 80 Character of the Natives. 80 A Native Wedding. 88 Dress and Manners. 91 The Half-breeds, or Mestizos. 93 Savage Tribes in the Interior: Aetas, or Negritos. 94 The Gaddanes. 98 The Igorrotes. 98 The Igorrote-Chinese. 100 The Tinguianes. 100 The Chinese: Hated but Indispensable. 101
The Mohammedans of Sulu. 107 Cross or Crescent? 107 The Sultan’s State. 109 The Dreaded Juramentados. 111 The Extent of Mohammedan Rule. 113 Sulu Customs. 115
Manila. 119 The Old City. 119 Binondo and the Suburbs. 120 Educational and Charitable Institutions. 125 The Cathedral and the Governor-General’s Palace. 129 The Beautiful Luneta: the Sea-boulevard. 136
Other Important Cities and Towns. 138 Iloilo, Capital of the Province of Panay. 138 Cebú: a Mecca for Many Filipinos. 145 General Topography of the Islands. 145
Natural Beauty of the Archipelago. 151 A Botanist’s Paradise. 151 A Diadem of Island Gems. 152 The Magnificence of Tropical Scenery. 153 The Promise of the Future. 156
A Village Feast. 159 The Morning Ceremonies. 159 How the Afternoon is Spent. 165 The Evening Procession. 167 The Entertainment at Home. 169 The Moro-Moro, and the Fireworks. 171
History of Commerce in the Philippines. 174 The Spanish Policy. 174 The Treasure-galleons. 176 Disasters to Spanish Commerce. 181 Other Nations Enter Into Competition. 183 Fraud and Speculation. 183 The Merchants of Cádiz. 185 Royal Restrictions on Trade. 185
Commerce During the Present Century. 188 The Royal Company. 188 The Restrictions Are Gradually Abolished. 190 Vexatious Duties on Foreign Imports. 190 Duties Made Uniform. 192 Spanish Opposition to Foreign Trade. 192 Trade with the Natives. 193 The Decline of American Trade. 194 Recent Measures and Statistics. 194 Bad Result of Spanish Rule. 197
Agriculture: The Sugar and Rice Crops. 199 Agriculture—The Chief Industry. 199 The Principal Products of the Colony. 201 The Cultivation of Sugar-cane. 203 Methods of Manufacturing Sugar. 205 The Several Systems of Labor. 207 The Rice Crop. 209 Methods of Rice-cultivation. 210 Primitive Machines, and Importance of the Rice Crop. 212
The Hemp Plant and Its Uses. 214 Description of the Abacá. 214 The Process of Manufacture. 215 Some Facts about Hemp-growing. 216 Difficulties with Native Labor. 218 Tricks of the Natives. 221 Competition with Other Lands. 222 Experience of a Planter. 223 What the Hemp Is Used For. 224
Culture and Use of Tobacco. 227 The Cultivation of Tobacco, a State Monopoly. 227 Oppressive Conditions in Luzon. 229 How Speculators Take Advantage of the Natives. 231 The Quality of Manila Tobacco. 231 Methods of Preparing the Tobacco Leaf. 232 Smoking, a Universal Habit. 235
The Cultivation of Coffee. 237 The Origin of the Industry. 237 Indifference of Coffee-planters. 238 Speculation in Coffee. 238 Methods of Cultivation. 239 Harsh Methods of the Government. 241
Betel Nut, Grain, and Fruit-Growing. 243 The Areca Palm and the Betel Nut. 243 The Nipa Palm and Nipa Wine. 245 Various Fruits of the Islands. 245 Cereals and Vegetables. 247 Cotton and Indigo-planting. 247 The Cocoa Industry. 248 The Traffic in Birds’ Nests. 249
Useful Woods and Plants. 251 The Huge Forests. 251 The Bamboo Plant and its Uses. 252 The Bejuco Rope. 253 The Useful Cocoanut Palm. 255 Oppressive Regulations of the Government. 257 The Early Missionaries Beneficial to the Natives. 257
Mineral Wealth of the Islands. 260 Early Search for Gold. 260 The Mining Laws and Methods of the Colony. 261 Where the Precious Metal is Found. 264 The Whole Country a Virgin Mine. 267 Precious Stones and Iron. 267 Peculiar Methods of Mining Copper. 269 Other Minerals and the Coal-fields. 271
Animal Life in the Colony. 273 The Useful Buffalo, and Other Domestic Animals. 273 Reptiles, Bats, and Insects. 276 A Field for the Sportsman. 277 The Locust Scourge. 279 The Chief Nuisances: Mosquitoes and Ants. 280
Struggle of the Filipinos for Liberty. 284 Early Insurrections Against the Spaniards. 284 The Burgos Revolt. 286 The Present Rebellion. 288 The Katipunan. 288 The Black Hole of Manila. 289 The Forbearance of the Natives. 291 The Rebel Army. 291 The Tagal Republic Proclaimed. 293 Treachery of the Spaniards. 294 Dr. José Rizal and His Wife, Josephine. 294 Execution of Rizal. The Philippine Joan of Arc. 296 Rizal’s Farewell Poem. 297 Aguinaldo Confers with Admiral Dewey. 298 Aguinaldo as Dictator: His Proclamations. 299 Triumphant Progress of the Rebels. 302 The Spaniards Fortify Manila. 303 Sketch of Aguinaldo. 304
Dewey at Manila. 310 The White Squadron. 310 Declaration of War, and Journey to the Philippines. 311 Luzon Sighted, and Preparations for Battle. 312 The Fleet Sails by Corregidor. 313 First Shot of the War. 314 The Spanish Fleet is Sighted. 316 Dewey Attacks the Enemy. 317 The Fate of the Reina Cristina. 319 The Commodore Pipes All Hands to Breakfast. 321 The Americans Renew the Battle. 321 The Yankees Are Victorious. 323
The American Occupation. 326 Merritt, and the Expedition. 326 The Battle of Malate. 329 Capture of Manila. 335 Capitulation of the Philippines. 339 Awaiting the Peace Commission. 341