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The origins of art; a psychological & sociological inquiry

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

Reading edition

Acquired pleasure-gettings, 57

Acting, psychology of, 52, 53

Activity and feeling, 32-35;

activity involved in dolce far niente, 37

Æsthetic, its position as a science, 1, 2, 4, 5;

its development 1-3;

its methods, 5, 6

feelings, 141

judgment, presupposing some degree of intellectual and moral development, 188

of the hen, 187;

its development in apparent conflict with natural selection, 189

Agricultural rites, 287

Anæsthesia and self-woundings, 61-65

Ancestor worship, 175

Anger, 47, 48, 54, 62

Animal display, 186-202

Animating idols, means of, 291

Aphasia, 151

Apolline serenity versus Dionysiac rapture, 105

Architecture, the, of the Dyaks, 274;

of the Maoris, 275

Art, as explained by supernatural causes, 12;

as excitement and sedative, 70, 71;

as connected with sexual selection, 203-213;

its higher and lower forms, 140

the, of animals, 202

the reliever, 102-110

Art-impulse, the, 15, 18-29, 84, 85, 100, 101, 303;

a racial possession of mankind, 21, 22;

intellectualistic definitions, 23

Art-sense, the conditions of its development, 141, 142

Artistic intuition, 125

Association between pleasure and activity, 33

Attract by pleasing, impulse to, 24, 25, 186, 187, 214, 215, 233 sq.

“Attractive” qualities of the work of art, 99

Autotelic activities outside the department of art, 19, 20;

character of art, 7-15, 88, 304

“Balls on sockets,” 193

Bird-shaped amulets, 287

Boasting adornments, 222

Boating-songs and dances, 259, 260

Brilliancy, the physiological effects created by, 194-197

Choral dances, 261

Chorus, the, in the ancient drama, 94

Classification of instances of erotic art, 231-238

Clothing, the origin of, 204-206, 215-220

Cognitio sensitiva, 2

Collective feeling, 81, 82

psychology, 74-85

Consciousness of self, 62-64

Contempt, expression of, its importance in primitive tactics, 268, 269

Couvade, 280

Coyness of the female, 197, 198

Creation, artistic, involved in artistic enjoyment, 18, 19

Criterion of art, the, 7 sq.

Crying feasts and ceremonial wailings, 59

Cure, medical, of restoring people by pulling them through a narrow opening, 285, 286

Dance, 87, 89, 92, 230

Dances, choral, 262;

common to both sexes or separate, 230, 231;

connected with sexual selection, 233-235;

with war, 266, 267;

with work, 251, 253, 254

Dance-pantomimes, obscene, 233, 245

Dancing girdles, 215

Deaf-mutes, their language, 151, 155

Death and resurrection represented in primitive drama, 182-184

Decoration, bodily, subserving a commemorative purpose, 223;

used as a means of frightening, 272;

as a means of individual and tribal identification, 225-227;

as magical protection, 218, 224;

denotes civic majority, 220;

executed in order to protect the skin, 224;

denoting rank or wealth, 222

Decorative art, the, of military tribes, 277

Demon-shields of the Dyaks, 272-274

Dignity, 116

Dionysiac state, the, 64, 65, 105, 109, 112, 113

Dionysos, god of art and music, 110

Disinterestedness, the, of artistic activity. See Autotelic Character of Art

Drama, the earliest of imitative arts, 149, 150

Dramatic element, the, of art, 95-98

“Einhaltsstreben,” 150

Emanations, magic theory of, 281, 293

Emotional element, the, in art, 137-139, 303

Emotions, the psychology of, 42-55;

connection between emotions and movement-sensations, 44-47

Enjoyment of pain, 55, 56-71

Enlistment, dances of, 266

Ephemeral character of primitive art, 161

Epic element, the, in art, 98, 99

Epidemics, mental, 69, 81

Erotic art, 238-248;

dearth of information on, 229, 244;

spurious instances of, 245

gestures and pantomimes used as expressions of joy, 243, 244

pantomimes and dances performed with a moral intention, 247, 248

poems, 235, 236, 246

propitiation, 234-236

Etiological myths, 171, 172

Euhemerism, 168, 169

Europeans as subjects of primitive art, 160, 166, 167, 178

Experimentation, plays of, 145

Expression of feeling, 41, 42, 47-54;

primary and secondary forms of expression, 42, 47, 52, 68, 69, 199;

expression as a mythogenic factor, 93, 94

“Expressive qualities,” the, of nature, 98

Extempore design, 156, 161

“Faculté maîtresse,” 118-120, 126

Fandango, apologue concerning the, 89

Fascination, 103

Fear, 52, 54, 103

Feeling-tone of sensation, 30-42;

experiments on sensation, feeling and movement, 31;

dynamic conditions of feeling, 32-35;

static conditions of feeling, 35;

association between pleasure and movement, 33;

pains of restriction, 38;

pain as motor incitement, 40, 66, 253;

relative character of pleasure and pain, 56, 57;

acquired pleasure-gettings, 57;

the philosophical importance of pain, 63, 64

Festal development of art, 111

“Foreign” purposes, the, in art, 10-12, 15-17, 127, 147, 148, 301, 304-306

Form and content, 139

French and English art, difference between, 131

Funeral ceremonies and art, 300

dances of obscene character, 217

Garrick, the contagious power of his acting, 96

Gesture-language, 151-154

Gracefulness, 116, 275, 276

Grief, 50

Grimacing, its importance for primitive tactics, 270

“Gymnastic” dances, 92

“Happiness” of the unconscious, 69, 70

Higher and lower forms of art, distinction between, 140

Historical art, 164-182, 223

and psychological methods, distinction between, 16, 112, 148, 301

poems used in magical ceremonies, 173

History born of pride, 181

Histrionic factor in literature, 96;

in formative arts, 96, 97

“Homo sapiens ferus,” 151

Humiliation, 46, 50

Hunting and fishing rites, 285, 287

Idea, the, its place in German-æsthetic systems, 23, 118

Ideal of beauty, the, and sexual selection, 202, 213, 241, 242

Idealistic schools of art, 132

Idols, 174, 288, 291

“Illusions particulières” versus essential qualities, 128, 129

Imitation, impulse to, 24;

connected with the instincts, 75

sympathetic, 59, 74-85, 96

See Internal Imitation, Pathologic Imitation

Impregnation by wind, rain, or sunshine, 219

Indispensability of accustomed sensations, 58

In effigie sentences, 287

Information and art, 149-163, 184, 185

Instantaneous muscular exertion, power of, 252, 253

Insular life, its influence on art, 259

Intellectual elements of the artistic activity;

their influence on the mental state of the artist, 102-107

Invention in primitive art, 160, 161

Jakalele dance in Ceram, 266, 267

Joy, 48;

distinguished from the sense of comic, 48, 49;

pantomimic expression of, 92-94, 244

“Kina” (Fuegian drama), 165

Limited amount of energy, 36, 37

Lustre. See Brilliancy

Luxury of sentimental sorrow, 51.

See also Enjoyment of Pain

Lyre and flute, allegory of, 107

Maenads, 65, 108-110, 112

Magic and art, 278-297

two classes of, 278, 279;

by connection, 279-282, 291-294;

by likeness, 282-290;

expedients for acquiring courage in war, 265;

power of the obscene, 217;

pantomimes, 11;

songs, 288, 295

Masses, psychology of. See Collective Psychology

Means of attraction, 203-213

Medical rites, 284, 287

Military dances, 265, 266;

used as salutation, 92, 93;

performed before female spectators, 229

dresses and uniforms, 270;

ensigns, 271;

signals, 263

Modesty and clothing, 216-218

Moko tattooing used as a means of identification, 175, 225

Moods of sadness deliberately enhanced, 51

Moral influence of art, 108

Movement-perception, the dynamogenic influence of, 257

Music, 87

Narrative art, its simplest forms, 157-161

Novelty, predilection for, 208

“Opisthotonos,” 109

Ornament, concealed meaning of, 10

and mimetic transmission of feeling, 98

and rhythm, 91

Ornaments, the, of the Dyaks, 272-274;

of the Maoris, 275, 276

Pain, pantomimic expression of, 39, 40, 93, 94. See also Feeling-tone

Pantomimics, erotic, 233-235, 245-248;

magic, 11, 283, 284;

military, 265, 266;

narrative, 152-155;

representing work, 250-252, 257

Parnassians, 136, 137

Pathologic imitation, 79

Petroglyphs, 175, 176

Phallic amulets, 217;

rites, 284, 287

Phallocrypts, 215, 216

Pictographs, 149, 155-157, 161

Pictorial art, the, of the Bushmen, 237;

prayers, 285

Play, as connected with art, 29;

with exercise, 250, 251;

with the instincts, 27

Play-impulse, 26-28, 145, 146, 250

Please, impulse to, 24, 25

Pleasure. See Feeling-tone

Political propitiation and art, 299

Portraiture, commemorative, 174, 175

Practical motives for clothing and self-decoration, 216, 224

Præsul, 257

Preliminary movements, their dynamogenic influence, 256

Pride, 46, 137, 181, 222, 268

Proportion, 117

Rain-making and rain-preventing, 283, 284

Realism and magic, 289-290

Realistic movement in literature, 117, 118

Recognition marks, 190

Religious doctrines influencing erotic art, 246

Repugnance for qualities deviating from the tribal type, 209, 210

Retroaction from sympathisers, craving for, 84

Rhetoric, primitive, 154

Rhythm, 87-91, 258-260

Salutation dances, 92

Sand paintings, the, of the Navajos, 292

Scarification, 61, 66, 67

Scars of the Australians explained by Koeler as means of identification, 225

Science as an end in itself, 19, 20

Secondary sexual characters, 190-192;

activities, 191

Selbstzweck. See Autotelic Character of Art

Self-exhibiting impulse, 25

Self-woundings, 61, 66, 67

Sentimentalism, 136, 137

Sex-distinction, marks for accentuating, 192, 209

Sexual ideal, 204, 213, 242

Social conditions influencing erotic art, 238-242;

expression, 72-85, esp. 83-85

Solidarity of suffering between members of the same family, 279

Songs, ephemeral, 159, 160;

erotic, 235, 236, 246;

exhorting to work, 254, 255, 259;

magic, 255, 256, 288, 295;

military, 267-269

Sport as end in itself, 20, 21

Storage of nutritive supply, 36, 37

Sucking cure, 285

Sun-rituals, 284

Superstitious motives for clothing, 217-219, 224

Surplus of vigour, 26, 198

Symmetry, 117

Sympathetic imitation, 59, 74-85, 154, 155;

magic. See Magic

Tangi, 59

Technical medium, the, of art, 145;

perfection in art, 135, 139, 303

Technique, its influence on decorative art, 146, 147

Theatrical management and régie among the Australians, 237

Theurgic rites, 284, 288

Time-sense, its high development among primitive tribes, 262

Trade-dances, 252

Traditions, primitive, preserving the memory of European visitors, 166, 167, 178

Tragedy, enjoyment of, 59

Transference of energy, 36, 37

Travels described in primitive art, 158-160, 178

Trophies, 221

Universal ideas, their importance in æsthetic systems, 130;

their place in primitive philosophy, 296

Vehicles of emotional transmission, 120-124

Vital sensation and pain, 60-65

Volts, 286

War, its social influence, 261;

its influence on art, 261-277;

on plastic beauty, 276;

on decorative art, 275-277;

a prominent subject in history and narrative art, 178-180;

the need of stimulation for, 263

Werther, 104, 105

Witches, Bacchantes, and hysteric patients, 109

Wordless tribes, stories about, 152

Work, stimulation to, 252-257;

regulation of, 88, 257-260;

and art, 12, 88, 249-260

THE END

Printed by R. & R. Clark, Limited, Edinburgh.

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