INDEX

Abraxas, 203, 238, 241 Acquired characters, inheritance of, 337 ff. Actinia equina, 361 Adaptation, 12, 318 ff.; to life in caves, 319 ff.; fresh and salt water, 327 ff.; poisons, 332 ff.; temperature, 334 ff.; caused by hormones, 342 Addison, W. H. F., 188 Agglutination, of corpuscles by sera, 67 ff.; of sperm, 78, 82 ff. Allolobophora terrestris, 46 Alpheus, 176 Alytes obstetricans, 337, 338 Amanita phalloides, 63 Amblystoma, 157, 368 Amelung, 184 Amphipyra, 283 Analogies between living and dead matter, 14 ff. Anaphylaxis reaction, 61 ff. Ancel, 158, 225 ff. Antagonistic salt action. See Balanced salt solutions. Antennularia antennina, 194, 196 Apes, blood relationship to man, 54, 56 ff. Apolant, 45 Arbacia, 75 ff., 96, 99, 101, 111, 114, 150, 190 ff., 293 ff., 298, 299, 364 Arenicola, 277 Armstrong, E. F., 26, 28, 354 Arrhenius, S., 33 ff., 88, 290, 296 Arrhenoidy, 218, 225 Artificial parthenogenesis, 95 ff.; in sea urchins, 95 ff.; new method of, 98, 99; by blood, 101 ff.; by sperm extract, 103; by acids, 105; by mechanical agitation, 107; in starfish, 110; rôle of hypertonic solution, 112, 115, 116; and oxidation, 116, 117, 118; and permeability, 119 ff.; in frogs, 124; and determination of sex, 125 Artificial production of life, 38–39 Assimilation of CO₂ without chlorophyll, 17 ff. Asterias, 49, 81, 110, 363; ochracea, 73 ff.; capitata, 74 Asterina, 75, 81, 110 Astrospheres, 115 ff., 192 Auer, J., 315 Autolysis, 351 ff. Avena, 263 B. coli communis, 36; typhosus, 36; fluorescens, 334 Bacteria, growth of, 15 ff., 29, 71 ff.; specificity in, 41 ff. “Bacterio-purpurin,” 41 Balanced salt solutions, 307–317; theory of, 317; and adaptation, 331 ff. Balanus, 259 Baltzer, F., 215 ff. Bancroft, F. W., 70, 125, 127, 264, 269 ff. Bang, 63 Bardeen, C. R., 174 ff. Barnacle, larvæ of, 313 ff. Bataillon, 124 Bateson, W., 230, 240 ff., 338, 348 Batrachia, 338 Baur, E., 48, 246 Bayliss, 63 Becquerel, P., 36 ff. Beggiatoa, 19 Beijerinck, M., 20 Berkeley, Lord, 111 Bernard, Claude, 2 ff., 26, 159, 350, 354, 355, 358 Berthelot, 290 Bertrand, G., 248 ff. Beutner, R., 140 Bichat, 2, 349 Bickford, E. E., 169 Blaauw, H. A., 263 Blackman, F. F., 302 Blastomeres, 141 ff. Blind animals, 319 ff. Blood, transfusion of, 53 ff. Blood relationship, established by transfusion, 53, 54 ff.; precipitin reaction, 55 ff.; anaphylaxis reaction, 61 ff.; hemoglobin crystals, 64 ff. Blood serum, precipitin reaction of, 54 ff.; effect of, on unfertilized eggs, 101 ff., 124 Blowfly, heliotropism of larvæ of, 265 ff. Bohn, G., 253, 264, 269 Bombinator igneus, 46 Bonellia, 215 Bonnet, 154, 161 Bordet, 54 ff., 60 Bouin, 158, 225 ff. Boveri, Th., 8, 126, 128 ff., 134, 138 ff., 150 ff., 186 ff., 209 ff., 246 Brachystola, 199 Bradley, H. C., 27, 64, 353, 354 Brandt, 366 Braus, H., 147 Bridges, C. B., 208, 229, 231 ff. Brown, A. P., 64 ff. Bruchmann, H., 93 Bryophyllum calycinum, 153, 160 ff., 177 Buchner, 24 Budgett, 358 Buller, 93 Bunsen-Roscoe, law of, 11, 256 ff., 261, 263, 264 Burrows, 31 Campanularia, 178, 181 Cannon, W. B., 285 Carcinus mænas, 217 Cardamine pratensis, 90 Carrel, 31 Cassia bicapsularis, 37 Castle, W. E., 89 ff., 335 Caullery, M., 158, 180, 217 Cave animals, 319 ff. Cell division, 15, 29, 129 ff.; suppression of, 113 ff. Cells, nutritive media of, 15 ff; immortality of, 30 ff.; migrating, 44; mesenchyme, 51 ff., 130 ff., 147, 155 ff. Cerianthus membranaceus, 171 ff., 188, 361 Chætopterus, 78 ff. Chamberlain, M. M., 293, 297 Chapman, H. G., 60 Chemotropism of spermatozoa, 92 ff. Chevreul, 289 Child, C. M., 7, 170, 177, 358 Chlamydomonas, 277 Chodat, R., 248 Chologaster, 320 Christen, 288 Chromosomes, rôle of, in sex determination, 198 ff.; theory of Mendelian heredity, 233 Chun, 142 Ciona intestinalis, 89 ff., 212 Cladocera, 159 Clausen, H., 302 Clavellina, 181 Cohen, E., 292 Cohn, 41 ff. Compton, 90 Conklin, E. G., 129, 134, 143, 145 ff. Constancy of species, 40–43 Copernicus, 346 Corpus luteum, action of, 157–158 Correlation, 154, 167 Correns, C., 90 ff., 214 Cramer, 289 Crampton, H. E., 143, 225 Criodrilus lacuum, 219–220 Crossing over of chromosomes, 241 ff. Crystals, differences between living organisms and, 14 ff. Ctenolabrus, 355, 357, 359 Ctenophores, 142 Cuénot, L., 12, 324 Cullen, G. E., 24, 291 Cuma rathkii, 318 Cyanophyceæ, 287 Cytisus biflorus, 37 Cytoplasm of eggs as future embryo, 8, 9, 70, 126, 151 ff. Dakin, 352 Dallinger, 334 Daphnia, 210, 262, 279, 280, 282, 306, 312 Darbishire, A. D., 347 Darwin, 90, 297, 346 ff. Darwinian theory, 5 ff. Davenport, C. B., 244, 335 Death, 349 ff.; natural, cause of, 364, 369 Decidua formation induced by corpus luteum, 157–158 Delage, Y., 107, 110, 111, 123, 126, 186 de la Rive, 24 de Meyer, J., 127 Dendrostoma, 101 Dentalium, 144 Design, 4, 5 Determination of sex, in bees, 208 ff.; in phylloxerans, 210; in Bonellia, 215 Development of egg, 127 ff. de Vries, H., 6, 42, 154, 161, 347, 369 Dewitz, 93 Dieudonné, C., 334, 337 “Directive force,” 2 Disharmonies, 7 Divisibility of living matter, limits of, 148–151 Dominance, 230 Doncaster, L., 203 Dorfmeister, 303 Driesch, H., 4 ff., 128, 133, 136, 138 ff., 147, 150, 169 ff., 180 ff., 184 ff. Drosophila ampelophila, 204 ff., 237, 243, 322, 347, 366 Duclaux, E., 288, 289 v. Dungern, 80 Duration of life, 360 ff. Durham, 249 Dutrochet, 154 Dzierzon, 208 Ectoderm formation, 130 ff. Egg, as the future embryo, 8, 9, 70, 126, 151; artificial parthenogenesis of, 95 ff.; organisms from, 128 ff.; determining unity of organism, 151–152; chromosomes in, 198 ff. Egg structure, 129 ff.; influence of centrifugal force on, 135; and regulation, 139, 140, 141; and fluidity of protoplasm, 141 Ehrlich, 45, 322, 332 ff., 341; side-chain theory of, 88, 188 Eigenmann, 320, 323 ff. Electromotive forces, origin in living organs, 140 Engelmann, 357 Engler, 24 Entelechy, 4, 170, 182 Environment, influence of, 286 ff.; temperature, 288 ff., 344 ff.; salinity, 306; adaptation to, 319 Enzyme action, 23 ff., 297, 302 Ernst, A., 21 Eternity of life, 34 ff., 360 Eudendrium, 260, 261, 269, 277, 278, 326 Eudorina, 277 Euglena, 264, 269, 272, 277 Euler, H., 21 Evolution, 346 ff.; and mutation, 348 Ewald, W. F., 261 ff., 269, 280, 301 Farmer, J. B., 347 Fermi, 350, 354 Fertilization, heterogeneous, 48 ff., 51, 73 ff.; specificity in, 71 ff.; and oxidation, 117 ff.; and permeability, 119 ff. “Fertilizin,” 84, 87 ff., 93 Fischel, 187 Fischer, 303 ff. Fish, 55 Fitness of environment, 317 Fitzgerald, J. G., 63 Flow of substances and regeneration in Bryophyllum, 161 ff. Fluctuating variations, 6, 297 ff., 346 ff. Folin, 22 Food, influence on polymorphism in wasps, 222 ff. Food castration, 224; influence on sexual cycle in rotifers, 224; on metamorphosis in tadpoles, 155 Ford, 63 Forssmann, 63 Frédéricq, 351 Free-martin, cause of sterility, 218–219 Friedenthal, H., 53 ff., 60 Frisch, K., 278, 279 Fröschel, P., 263 Fuchs, H. M., 90 Fucus, 123 Fundulus heteroclitus, 51, 116, 147, 300, 301, 302, 307 ff., 321 ff., 328 ff., 335, 337, 357 ff. Galileo, 346 Galvanotropism, 11, 270 ff., 319 Gay, F. P., 62 ff. Generation, spontaneous, 14 ff., 34 Genes, 4 ff., 152, 319 Genus and species, chemical basis of, 40 ff. Geppert, 358 Germination in seeds, 35 ff. Giard, 180, 216 ff. Godlewski, E., 48, 75, 78, 120, 126, 169 Godlewski, E., Sr., 18 Goebel, K., 154, 161 Goldfarb, A. J., 326 Goldschmidt, R., 220 ff. Goodale, H. D., 218 Gortner, R., 249 Graber, V., 256, 276 Grafting, heteroplastic, in animals, 46; in plants, 47 Gravitation, influence on organ formation in Antennularia, 194 ff.; on the egg of the frog, 141 Gray, J., 122 Gregory, 243 Groom, T. T., 280 Growth, termination of, 184; influence of cell size, 187 Gudernatsch, J. F., 155, 255, 342 Guyer, 124 Gynandromorphism, 209 Haeckel, 346 Half-embryos and whole embryos, 141, 142 Hammond, J. H., Jr., 269 Harden, 16 Hardesty, 358 Harmonious character of organism, 5, 6, 318 ff., 341 ff. Harrison, 31 Hartley, 111 Healing of wound, 187 Hektoen, 66 Heliotropism, 11 ff., 257 ff., 318; heredity of, 250 ff.; change of, 279, 280 ff.; and adaptation, 318 Helmholtz, 34 Hemoglobins, crystallographic measurements of, 64 ff. Henderson, L., 317 Henking, 198 ff. Herbst, C., 97, 147, 193, 306, 310 Heredity, of genus and species, 40 ff., 70, 151, 152; Mendelian, 70, 151 ff., 229 ff., 348; of sex, 198; sex-linked, 203 ff., 238 ff.; and evolution, 348 Herlant, M., 78 ff., 115 ff. Hermaphroditism, 89 ff., 212 ff., 216, 219 ff. See also Inhibition and Regeneration. Hertwig, O., 97, 123, 292 Hertwig, R., 95, 97 Hess, C., 278 Heterogeneous hybrids, purely maternal, 49, 50 Heterogeneous transplantation, Murphy’s experiments on, 44 ff.; limitation of, 46 Heteromorphosis, 155, 193–196 Hill, C., 25 Hippiscus, 199 Holmes, S. J., 269 Hoppe-Seyler, 351 Hormones, 145, 155, 181, 219; and Mendelian heredity, 245 ff., 348; and adaptation, 342. See also Organ-forming substances. Huxley, 346 Hybridization, heterogeneous, in sea urchins, 48 ff., 73 ff.; in fishes, 51; in plants (Mendel’s), 230 ff. Hydrolytic enzymes, action of, 24; reversible action of, 24 ff. Hypertonic solution, 99, 111 ff. Imitation of cell structures by colloids, 39 Immortality, of cancer cells, 30; of somatic cells, 30 ff.; of life in general, 34 ff. Inheritance, of colour-blindness, 203, 204, 205; of eye pigment in Drosophila, 204 ff.; of pigments, 248 ff.; of acquired characters, 337 ff. Inhibition of regeneration in Bryophyllum, 162 ff. Inhibition of sexual characters of opposite sex, in pheasants, 218; lack of in hermaphrodites, 219; in Bonellia, 226 Instincts, 10 ff., 253 ff.; sexual, 198 ff. Intersexualism, 221 Intestine, formation of, 130 ff. Isoagglutinins, 66 ff., 92 Isolation of blastomeres, 136 ff. Jacoby, 352 Janda, V., 219 ff. Jansky, 67 Janssens, 242 Jennings, H. S., 264 ff. Jensen, 45 Joest, 46 Johannsen, W., 42, 333 Jones, 352 Jost, 90 Kammerer, P., 325, 337 ff. Kanitz, A., 290, 292, 296 Kastle, J. H., 26 ff. Kellogg, V. L., 279 Kelvin, 34 King, W. O. R., 50, 247 Klug, 351 v. Knaffl, E., 106 Knowlton, E. P., 292 Kofoid, C. A., 143 v. Körösy, 300 Korschelt, 361 Krakatau, 21 Kraus, 54 ff. Krogh, 292 Kryž, F., 335 Kupelwieser, H., 75 Lack of oxygen, influence on disintegration of tissue, 355 ff. Ladoff, S., 224 Lamarck, 6 Laminaria, 165 Landois, L., 53 Landsteiner, 66 Lanice, 143 ff. Lankester, E. R., 41 Leathes, J. B., 63 Leucæna leucocephala, 37 Levene, 351, 352 Lewis, 183, 344, 364 Light, influence on organ formation, in cave animals, 319 ff.; in Proteus, 325; in Eudendrium, 326. See also Heliotropism. Lillie, F. R., 80, 82 ff., 87 ff., 93, 134, 191, 218, 292 Lillie, R. S., 101, 107, 110, 120 ff. Lipase, synthetic action of, 26 Living and dead matter, specific differences between, 14 ff. Lloyd, D. J., 111 Localization of Mendelian characters in individual chromosomes, 243, 244 Loeb, Leo, 30 ff., 45, 157, 170, 187 ff., 342 Loevenhart, A. S., 26 ff. Lumbricus rubellus, 46 Lychnis dioica, 217 Lycopodium, 93 Lygæus, 201 Lymantria dispar, 220 Lymnæus, 142 Lymphocytes, rôle of, 45 ff. Lyon, E. P., 134 ff. Macfadyen, A., 36 Maeterlinck, 255 Magnus, W., 60 Maltase, synthetic action of, 25 Marchal, P., 222 ff., 254 Margelis, 192 Mass of chromatin and of cytoplasm, 186 Mast, 269, 277 Mathews, A. P., 107, 363 Matthaei, G. L. C., 302 Maxwell, S. S., 270, 274, 277 McClendon, J. F., 122, 322 McClung, C. E., 68, 198 ff., 237 Megusar, 340 Meignon, 217 Meisenheimer, 225 Meltzer, S.J., 315 Membrane formation, 86 ff.; artificial, 98 ff. Mendel, G., 23, 229 ff. Mendelian characters, and evolution, 70, 348; and internal secretions, 243, 348; and enzymes, 247, 248, 249 Mendelian, factors of heredity, 4 ff., 68, 151 ff.; mutation, 66; dominant, 90; segregation, 229 ff. See also Non-Mendelian inheritance. Mendelian heredity, mechanism of, 229 ff.; and chromosomes, 233 ff.; and hormones, 245 ff., 348; and enzymes, 247 ff. Menidia, 51, 321, 323 Merogony, 120, 126, 186 Merrifield, 303 Mesenchyme formation, 130 ff. Metamorphosis of tadpoles induced by thyroid, 155, 156 Metchnikoff, 361 ff., 367 ff. Michaelis, L., 62, 317 Micrococcus prodigiosus, 334 Micromeres, 132 ff. Minot, 362 Moenkhaus, W. J., 51, 344 Molisch, 20 Montgomery, 199, 234 Moore, A. R., 50, 247 ff., 280 Morgan, T. H., 46, 68, 89 ff., 95, 116, 126, 134, 141 ff., 173, 175, 184, 204 ff., 229 ff., 241 ff., 244, 347 Morse, M., 156, 353 Morton, J. J., 44 Moss, W. L., 67 Muller, H. J., 229, 231 ff. Murphy, J. B., 44 ff. Mutation, 6, 42, 243; and evolution, 347, 348 Myers, 55 Nathanson, 19 Natural death, 361 ff. Neilson, 110 Newman, 344 Newton’s Law, 253 Nitrifying bacteria, 16 ff. Non-Mendelian inheritance, genus and species characters, 70, 151, 251; rate of segmentation, 246; first development, 247 Northrop, 366 Nostocaceæ, 21 Nussbaum, M., 149 Nuttall, G. H. F., 56 ff. Ocneria dispar, 225 Œnotherus, 369 Onslow, H., 249 Organ-forming substances or hormones in regeneration, 154 ff.; causing metamorphosis in tadpoles, 155–157; decidua formation, 158; development of milk glands, 158; Sachs’s theory of, 159 Organisms from eggs, 128 ff. Origin of life, 14 ff., 33 ff. Osborne, 23 Osterhout, W. J. V., 312 Ostwald, Wo., 29, 305, 312 Oudemans, 225 Overton, 123 Palæmon, 193 Palæmonetas, 193; geotropism of, 270 Palinurus, 193 Pandorina, 277 Parker, G. H., 264, 269 Parthenogenesis, artificial, 95 ff.; “spontaneous,” 107 Pasteur, 14 ff., 24, 33, 38 Patten, B., 264 ff Pauli, W., 289 Pavy, 350 Payne, F., 322 Pearl, R., 203, 244 Penicillium, 289 Pennaria, 192 Pepsin, synthetic action of, 28, 62, 63 Pfeffer, 92 ff. Phagocytosis, 367 Planaria, 173 ff., 177 Planorbis, 142 Plants, heteroplastic grafting in, 47 ff.; regeneration in, 160 ff. Polygordius, 280 Polymorphism, 222 Porthesia, 256, 280 ff. Preadaptation, 12, 324 Precipitin reaction, 54 ff. Preformation of organism in egg, 128 ff., 142–145 Presence and absence theory, 230 ff. Primula, 243 Proteins, specific reactions of, 54 ff.; and species specificity, 68; and evolution, 70, 348 Protenor, 200 ff., 208 Proteus, 325 ff. Przibram, H., 176 Pure lines, 333, 334 Pycnopodia spuria, 74 Pyrrhocoris, 198 Radiation pressure, rôle in transmission of spores through interstellar space, 34 ff. Rana, esculenta, 46; palustris, 46; virescens, 46 Rate of segmentation, a non-Mendelian hereditary character, 246 Rau, 366 Reaction, tropistic, 11 ff., 92 ff., 147, 178, 187, 255 ff.; precipitin, 54 ff.; anaphylaxis, 61 ff. Regeneration, 9 ff., 153 ff.; in plants, 160 ff.; in Bryophyllum, 161–167; in animals, 167 ff.; in Tubularia, 167–170; in Cerianthus, 171 ff.; in Planarians, 173–176; in Alpheus, 176; and autolysis, 178–181; of lens, 182, 183; external influences on, 192 ff.; of gonads in hermaphrodites, 219 Regulation, 139, 140, 141; in regeneration, see Regeneration. Reichert, E. T., 64 ff. Reseda, 90 Resistance of spores, 36; seeds, 36 ff. Reversibility of development, in Campanularia, 178 ff.; in Ascidians, 180; in egg, 189 ff.; in Antennularia, 194 Rhabdonema nigrovenosum, 213 Richet, C., 61 Richter, 34 Ringer solution, 99 Robertson, T. B., 28 ff., 62 ff., 104, 311 Roentgen rays, 45 Roscoe, see Bunsen Rotifers, determination of sexual cycle by food, 224 Roux, W., 141 ff. Saccharomyces, 36; cerevisiæ, 60 Sacculina, 216 ff. Sachs, 88 v. Sachs, J., 145, 154 ff., 159, 161, 184 Salamandra maculosa, 339 Salkowski, 352 Salts required for life, 306 ff. Sansum, W. D., 64 Schizophyceæ, 21 Schleip, W., 213 Schoenbein, 358 Schottelius, 334, 337 Schroeder, 14, 33 Schultze, O., 141 Schütze, 55 Schwann, 33 Schwarzschild, 34 Secretions, internal, 145, 155, 157 Self-digestion, 350 ff. Self-sterility, 89 ff. Senescence, 367 Sequoia, 31, 368 Setchell, W. A., 165, 287 Sex, of parthenogenetic frogs, 125; of twins, 211 Sex chromosome, 199 ff. Sex determination, cytological basis of, 198 ff.; physiological basis of, 214 ff. Sexual characters, 198 ff. Shibata, 93 Shull, A. F., 214, 224 Sicyonia, 193 Side-chain theory, 88, 188 Smith, Geoffrey, 159, 217 Smith, Graham, 58 Spain, K. C., 188 Spallanzani, 33 Species, chemical basis of, 40 ff.; specificity of, 41 ff.; incompatibility of, not closely related, 44 ff. Species specificity, determined by proteins, 63, 68, 348; apparently not by nucleins, 69 Specificity, of grafted tissues, 47; of spermatozoa, 48; of blood sera, 53 ff.; in fertilization, 71 ff.; of activation of sperm by eggs, 80 ff. Spelerpes, 320 Spermatozoa, fertilization of eggs by, 72 ff.; activation by eggs of, 80 ff.; agglutination of, 82 ff.; cluster formation of, 83; chemotropism of, 92 ff.; cultivating of, 126 ff.; chromosomes of, 198 ff. Spirographis, 260 Spondylomorum, 277 Spontaneous generation, 33, 38 Spooner, G. B., 134 Standfuss, 303 Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, 36 Steffenhagen, K., 55 Steinach, E., 225 ff., 254, 343 Stereotropism, 178, 187, 283 Stevens, Miss, 68, 199 Stimulus, 196 Stockard, 322, 340 Strassburger, 260 Streaming as means of egg differentiation, 145, 146 Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, 50, 52, 75, 81 ff., 103, 247 Strongylocentrotus lividus, 129 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, 52, 73 ff., 81 ff., 94, 98 ff., 103, 108, 109, 111 ff., 137, 191, 246 ff., 293 ff., 364; larvæ of, 49 ff. Sturtevant, A. H., 229 ff. Styela, 146 Sulphur bacteria, 19 ff. Supergenes, 5, 9, 136, 319 Sutton, W. S., 68, 233 ff. Synthesis of living matter, by micro-organisms, 15 ff.; by enzymes, 24 ff. Synthetic action of enzymes, 23 ff., 38 Tænia, 212 Talbot, 262 Tammann, 291 Tanaka, 243 Taylor, A. E., 27, 69 ff. Tchistowitch, 54 ff. Teleost fish, crosses of, 6 ff., 345 Temperature, effect on heliotropism, 280; upper limit for organisms, 287 ff.; effect on life, 288 ff.; on butterflies, 303 ff.; adaptation to, 334 ff. Temperature coefficient, 290 ff., 305; for enzyme, 291; for development, 292 ff.; for oxidations, 295; and fluctuating variation, 296 ff.; for heart-beat, 300 ff.; for duration of life, 366 Thatcher, Miss, 181 Thyroid inducing metamorphosis in tadpoles, 155, 156 Tichomiroff, 95 Tissue culture of spermatozoa, 127 Tissues, transplantation of, 30 ff., 44 ff.; cultivation of, 31 ff.; specificity of, 44 ff. Torrey, H. B., 264, 269 Tower, 348 Transfusion of blood, 53 Transplantation, of tissues, 30 ff., 44 ff.; of cancers, 45; of anlagen, 148; of eye of salamander, 157; of testes, 226; of ovaries, 227 Traube, 28 Treub, 21 Trial and error, 268, 270 Trifolium arvense, 37 Tropisms, 11 ff., 92 ff., 147, 178, 187, 253 ff.; and instincts, 253; theory of, 257 ff. Tropisms, in embryonic development, 147; of cave animals, 324 Trypanosomes, 332 ff. Trypsin, synthetic action of, 27 Tuber brumale, 60 Tubularia crocea, 171 Tubularia mesembryanthemum, 167, 169, 192 Twins, origin of, 136 ff.; sex of, 211 Tyndall, 33 Typhlogobius, 320 Typhlomolge, 320 Typhlotriton, 320, 323 Tyrosinase, 249, 250 Tyrosine, 249, 250 v. Uexküll, J., 4 ff., 128, 139 Uhlenhuth, E., 157, 183, 187 Uhlenhuth, P., 55, 58, 66, 322 Underhill, F. P., 23 Vanessa, prorsa, 303; levana, 303 Vaney, 217 Van Slyke, D. D., 22, 24, 291 van’t Hoff, 24 ff., 290, 292, 296 Variation, 6, 297 ff., 346–348 Vitzou, 159 Volvox, 280 Walcott, 42, 61 Warburg, O., 117 ff. Warming, 41 Wasps, polymorphism in, 222–224; sex determination, 255 ff. Wassermann, 55 Wasteneys, H., 29, 82, 87, 112, 113, 117, 191, 277, 293, 295, 335, 364 Weiggert, 188 Weismann, 7, 30, 303 Wells, H. G., 62, 69 Welsh, D. A., 60 Werner, F., 340 Wheeler, W. M., 43 White, J., 36 Whitney, D. D., 224 Wilson, E. B., 68, 143, 199 ff. Winkler, 47 Winogradsky, S., 16 ff., 42 Wolf, G., 182, 187 Yeast cells, cultivation of, 15 ff. Young, 16, 358

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