INDEX

INDEX

A.

Abadie, D', Governor of the French, New Orleans, 33. Adams, John, 71, 72, 74. Alabama, Georgians in, 173. American Fur Company, 192-193. Amherst, General Sir Jeffrey, 3, 14. Anderson, Robert, 201. Aranda, Count d', quoted, 76. Armstrong, Fort (Rock Island), 203. Astor, J. J., 192. Atkinson, General Henry, 196.

B.

Bank, National, 179. Beauvais, M., of Kaskaskia, 29. Belêtre, Captain, commandant at Detroit, 4. Birkbeck, Morris, quoted, 105-106. Black Hawk, Indian leader, 198-199; enemy of Americans, 198, 199-200; rebellion, 160, 200-203; after defeat, 203-204; later life and death, 204-205. Blue Licks, Battle of, 71. Bouquet, Colonel Henry, 15-16, 17. Bushy Run, Battle of, 15-16.

C.

Cadillac, see La Mothe-Cadillac. Cahokia, Pontiac at, 18; school for Indians at, 30; under English, 31; taken by Clark, 48, 55; British try to seize, 69. Caldwell, Captain, 71. Campbell, Colonel, British commandant at Detroit, 6. Campus Martius, fortification in Ohio, 81. Canada passes to British control, 1. Carver, Jonathan, 12. Cass, Lewis, statesman of the Northwest, 183; life, 184-186; Governor of Michigan, 190; expedition into Mississippi regions, 190-191; aids against Indians, 196. Cass Lake, 191. Chartres, Fort, French commandant sends message to Indians, 14; Pontiac at, 17; "center of life and fashion," 30; after cession to English, 31; Saint-Ange commands, 33; Croghan invited to, 35; Sterling reaches, 36. Chillicothe (O.), 100. Chouteau, Pierre, 32-33. Cincinnati, named, 82; migration to, 99; legislature in, 131; education, 171. Clark, G. R., in Illinois country, 48; life and character, 48-49; delegate to Virginia Assembly, 49; proposes capturing British posts, 50; commissioned by Virginia council, 51; expedition, 51-56; at Kaskaskia, 59-60, 60-61; expedition to Vincennes, 61-66; plans expedition against Detroit, 67; failure of plan, 68; later life and death, 68; expedition against Miami towns, 71; agreement of 1785 with Indians, 79. Clay, Henry, 164, 205. Cleaveland, Moses, 99. Columbus (O.), Cumberland Road reaches (1833), 166. Continental Congress claims Northwest, 71. Corydon (Ind.), capital removed from, 177 (note). Croghan, George, 34-36. Cumberland Gap, 102. Cumberland Road, 165-168, 178. Cutler, Dr. Manasseh, 80-81, 82. Cuyahoga River, Pontiac halts English at, 3.

D.

Davis, Jefferson, 201, 203, 204. Dearborn, Fort, 149, 152, 153. Deckhard rifle, 120. Defiance, Fort, 92, 94. Detroit, occupied by French, 2-3; surrenders to English, 4; in 1760, 4-5; Pontiac plans destruction of, 11; council with Indians at, 17; Clark plans attack, 67-68; British refuse surrender, 83; Wayne obtains cession of Indian land near, 95; garrison at, 152; Hull's expedition for relief of, 153; growth, 193. Douglas, S. A., statesman of Northwest, 183; life, 184-187. Duquesne, Fort, see Pitt, Fort.

E.

East Florida, province provided in Proclamation of 1763, 24, 24 (note), 33; plan for Spain to resume possession, 73. Education in Northwest, 129-130, 170-171. Erie Canal opened (1825), 102, 176. Erie, Lake, French settlement on, 2-3; Perry's victory on, 154.

F.

Fallen Timbers, Battle at, 92-94. Flint, Timothy, Western Monthly Review, 169. Florida, see East Florida, West Florida. France supports Spain in her American policy, 72-74. Franklin, Benjamin, advice to British ministers, 20; acquires western land, 38, 39; on committee for boundary negotiation, 72, 74. French settlements in Northwest, 2, 28-33; Loftus's expedition against, 33-34; under English control, 36-37. Fur trade, 191-193.

G.

Gage, General Thomas, 34, 36. Galena (Ill.), 195, 196. Gallatin, Albert, 164, 165. Gallipolis, attempt to build French colony at, 81. Garfield, J. A., 100. Ghent, Peace of, 172. Gibault, Pierre, French priest, 48, 55, 59, 62. Gladwyn, Major, 11, 12. Gnadenhütten, massacre at, 70. Great Britain refuses to give up fortified posts, 83. Greenville, Fort, 91, 94; Treaty of, 131. Grenada, province provided in Proclamation of 1763, 24, 24 (note). Grosseilliers, see Ménard des Grosseilliers.

H.

Hamilton, Henry, Lieutenant-Governor at Detroit, 43; and the Indians, 47; part in Revolution, 57 et seq. Harmar, General Josiah, 80, 84, 85. Harmar, Fort, 80. Harrison, W. H., in Northwest Territory, 131-132; on Indians, 133-134; conference with Tecumseh, 139-140, 140-143; at Tippecanoe, 144-147; chief in command in West, 153-154, 156. Harrison, Fort, 144, 152. Hayes, R. B., 100. Helm, Lieutenant, 59. Hennepin, Louis, 190. Henry, Patrick, 49, 51. Hillsborough, Lord, on British policy in regard to Indian reservations, 26. Howard, Fort, 196. Huguenots forbidden to emigrate, 29. Hull, General William, 138, 153, 156.

I.

Illinois, a county of Virginia, 56; after War of 1812, 161; admitted as State (1818), 161, 177 (note); immigration, 162; frontier settlers in, 173; Southerners in, 174-175; population (1818), 177 (note); indentures, 182; slavery, 182-183. Indiana, settlement, 98; formed from part of Northwest Territory, 132; population (1800-10), 132-133; (1810-16), 161; (1820), 177 (note); after War of 1812, 161; admitted as State (1816), 161; immigration, 162; frontier settlers in, 172; Southerners in, 174-175; indentures, 182; slavery, 182. Indianapolis, Cumberland Road reaches, 166; capital removed to (1825), 177 (note). Indians, parleys with Rogers, 3-4; incited by French against English, 4; relations with French at Detroit, 5; menace to English, 7-8; protest against English encroachments, 8-9; Pontiac's conspiracy, 9 et seq.; method of warfare, 15; trade with, 25, 44-45; reservation by Proclamation of 1763, 25-27; attack Croghan's band, 34-35; in Revolution, 45 et seq.; massacre at Gnadenhütten, 70; agreements with, 78-79; rebel against Americans, 82-83; incited by British, 83-84; punitive expedition against Miamis, 84-85; Wayne against, 89 et seq.; danger on Ohio River from, 108; cessions by, 132, 135, 140; relations with white settlers, 133-135; Tecumseh's conspiracy, 136 et seq.; Battle of Tippecanoe, 144-146; raids of 1812, 149; menace removed after War of 1812, 160; trouble with Winnebagoes, 196-198; Black Hawk War, 200-203; treaties, 206-207. Iowa, organized as Territory (1838), 208; admitted as State (1846), 208. Itasca, Lake, 191.

J.

Jay, John, 72, 74. Jay Treaty, 94-95, 181. Jefferson, Thomas, 51, 67, 72, 164. Jefferson Barracks (St. Louis), 203. Jefferson City (Mo.), Cumberland Road marked out to, 166. Johnson, Allen, Jefferson and his Colleagues cited, 138 (note). Johnson, Dr. Samuel, opinion of Northwest America, 21, 22. Johnson, Sir William, visits Detroit, 6; Pontiac surrenders to, 18; sends Croghan against Indians, 34. Johnson, W. S., 39. Johnston, A. S., 201. Joliet, Louis, 189.

K.

Kaskaskia, French settlement, 28, 30; under English, 31; Clark captures, 48, 52-53; Clark at, 60-61; British attack, 69. Kendall, Amos, quoted, 156. Kentucky, organized as county of Virginia, 49; frontier settlers in, 172. Keokuk, Indian chief, 198, 200, 204. Knox, William, British Under-Secretary for the Colonies, 22.

L.

Laclède, Pierre, 32. La Mothe-Cadillac, Antoine de, founds Detroit (1701), 2. La Salle, Réné-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de, 2. Laulewasikaw, "Prophet," Brother of Tecumseh, 135, 147-148. Laurens, Henry, 72. Le Bœuf, Fort, 14. Lee, "Light-Horse Harry," 89. Leech Lake, Pike reaches, 190. Leopard-Chesapeake affair, 138. Lexington (Ky.), aspires to be "Athens of the West," 171. Lincoln, Abraham, 184-188, 201. Lincoln, Thomas, father of Abraham, 185. Loftus, Major, 33. "Long Knives," 101. L-os-anti-ville, 82; see also Cincinnati. Louisiana Purchase, 161, 190. Louisville (Ky.), education in, 171.

M.

McAdam, John, devises road construction, 165-166. Mackinac, Fort, 152, 153. Malden, Fort, 153. Marietta (O.), founded, 81; settlers from New England, 99. Marquette, Jacques, Jesuit missionary, 189. Mason, George, 51. Massac, Fort, 52. Maysville Road Bill (1830), 178. Ménard des Grosseilliers, 189. Miami, Fort, 88, 92. Michilimackinac, 95. Minnesota organized as Territory (1849), 208. Mississippi, Georgians in, 173. Mississippi Valley, 24-25. Missouri, population of Territory (1812-18), 161-162; frontier settlers in, 173. Monroe, Fortress, 204. Montreal, fall of (1760), 1.

N.

National Road, see Cumberland Road. New England, westward migration from, 99; 175-177. New Orleans, Indians seek equipment at, 18; Jackson's victory, 159. New Orleans, The, first steamboat in West, 168. Niagara, council with Indians at, 17. Northwest Territory, extent of, 1-2; French settlements, 2; Franklin advises British to retain, 20; ignorance of country, 21-22; questions of settlement and government, 22 et seq.; settlement, 37 et seq., 79-82; Continental Congress claims, 71; Treaty of Paris gives to U. S., 75; state claims yield to nation, 77; migration to, 97 et seq.; character of country, 110-112; pioneer life, 112 et seq.; in War of 1812, 151 et seq.; loses frontier character, 162; religion, 170; education, 170-171; sectionalism, 173-174; Southern influence, 176-177; national issues, 178-179; form of government, 179-180; slavery, 180-184; explorations upon upper Mississippi, 189-191; fur trade, 191-193; lead-mining, 194-195; after Black Hawk War, 205-206; Indian treaties, 206-208; bibliography, 211-214; see also names of States.

O.

Ohio, settlement, 98 et seq.; routes to, 102 et seq.; formed from part of Northwest Territory, 132; admitted as State (1802), 132, 165; means of transportation in, 157; frontier settlers in, 172; Southerners in, 174-175. Ohio Company, 39, 80-81. Ohio River, emigrants on, 106-109. Ordinance of 1787, 77-78, 131, 180, 181, 182. Oswego, Pontine surrenders at, 18. Ottawa (Ill.), French settlement near, 2. Ouiatanon, 35.

P.

Paine, R. D., The Fight for a Free Sea cited, 153 (note). Paris, Treaty of (1783), 20, 22, 75. Parkman, Francis, quoted, 5-6, 19, 32-33. Perry, Commodore O. H., 154. Pike, Lieutenant Z. M., 190. Pitt, Fort, 15, 16, 17, 34, 36. Pittman, Captain, 34. Pontiac, Indian chief, 3; conspiracy, 9 et seq.; power broken, 17; further plots, 34; meets Croghan, 35. Presqu'isle (Erie), council with Indians at, 17. Proclamation of 1763, 24, 24 (note), 41-42. "Prophet," see Laulewasikaw. Prophet's Town, 139. Putnam, General Rufus, 80, 81, 82.

Q.

Quebec, province provided under Proclamation of 1763, 24, 24 (note). Quebec Act (1774), 41-43.

R.

Radisson, Pierre, 189. Raisin River, 153. Rayneval, secretary to French Foreign Minister, 74. Recovery, Fort, 91. Red Bird, Indian chief, 196, 197. Revolution, effects on West, 45. Rocheblave, commandant at Kaskaskia, 54. Rogers, Major Robert, 3, 4. Roosevelt, Theodore, quoted, 61, 156.

S.

Sackville, Fort, 55. Saint Ange de Bellerive, 18, 19, 33, 36. St. Anthony, Falls of, Hennepin reaches, 190. St. Clair, General Arthur, 81, 84, 85-87, 89. St. Joseph, Fort, 69-70. St. Louis, French settlement near, 2; French town, 18; established (1764), 32; Saint-Ange retires to, 36; under Spanish rule, 69; education in, 171. St. Louis, Fort, 2. Ste. Genevieve, 32. Schoolcraft, Henry, 191. Scioto Company, 81. "Seven Ranges," 80, 99-100. Sheridan, Lieutenant-General P. H., 100. Sherman, John, 100. Sherman, General W. T., 100. Sinclair, Lieutenant-Governor Patrick, 69. Slavery, 180-184. Snelling, Fort, 196. Spain, cessions to, 18, 28; ally of France, 69; seizes Fort St. Joseph, 69-70; American policy, 72-73; plan presented at peace negotiation, 73-74. Stanwix, Fort, Treaty of, 78. "Starved Rock," 2. Sterling, Captain Thomas, 36. Stillman, Major, 202. Symmes, Judge J. C., of N. J., 82.

V.

Tariff, attitude of Northwest toward, 178-179. Taylor, Zachary, 201. Tecumseh, plans confederacy, 135 et seq.; at Prophet's Town, 139; confers with Harrison at Vincennes, 139-140, 140-143; sympathy with British, 148, 150; joins British in 1812, 152; killed, 154. Thames, Battle of the, 154. Tippecanoe, Battle of, 144-147. Transportation, difficulties, 163-164; highways, 164-168; stage lines, 167; steamboats, 168-170; Erie Canal, 176; roads and canals, 178; on Mississippi River, 195.

V.

Vandalia, projected colony, 39. Vandalia (Ill.), Cumberland Road graded to, 166. Vaudreuil, Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de, Governor of Canada, 1, 3. Venango, Fort, 14. Vergennes, Charles Gravier, Comte de, French Foreign Minister, 74. Vigo, François, 60-61. Villiers, Neyon de, 31. Vincennes, French colony, 2; under British, 31; surrenders to Clark, 55; captured by British, 58-59, Clark retakes, 63-66, 69; Harrison and Tecumseh in conference at, 139-140, 140-143.

W.

Wabash Valley, French settlement in, 2. Waite, Chief Justice M. R., 100. Walpole, Thomas, 39. War of 1812, popular in West, 151; standing army, 152; volunteers called, 152; in the West, 153-154; military organization, 154-156; lack of transportation facilities, 157-158; life of frontier soldiers, 158-159; peace (1815), 160. Warrior, The, Government supply steamer in Black Hawk War, 203. Washington, George, acquires western land, 38-39. Wayne, "Mad Anthony," 89 et seq. Wayne, Fort, 94, 152; Treaty of, 135. Wekau, Indian chief, 197. Welby, Adlard, quoted, 163. West Florida, province provided under Proclamation of 1763, 24, 24 (note), 33; plan for Spain to resume possession of, 73. Western Reserve, 99, 102, 172, 175. Wharton, Samuel, 39. Whistler, Major, 196, 197. Wilkinson, General James, 190. Willing, The, Clark's boat, 61, 64, 66, 67. Winnebago, Fort, 197. Wisconsin admitted as State (1848), 208. Wythe, George, 51.