INDEX
Reading edition
alpha-table
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A
Abderhalden, Emil, 35
Absorption, a physiological process, 41
diffusion as a factor in, 41
from the stomach, 31
in intestine, 37
of fats, 43, 49
of fats, in dogs on low proteid diet, 233, 261
of food products, by blood, 44
of peptones, 41
of proteid in dogs on low proteid diet, 233, 262
of proteid products, 47
of proteoses, 41
osmosis, as factor in, 41
paths of, 44
reconstruction of proteid during, 42
selective action, of sugars, 47
Acid, aspartic, 34, 67, 259
glutaminic, 34, 259
hydrochloric, 25, 26
uric, 73
uric, excretion of, as influenced by diet, 144
Acids, amino, 34
diamino, 34
Adenase, 71
Adenin, 72
Aldehydase, 64
Amino acids, 34, 67
Ammonia, 70, 259
Amylopsin, 32
Anabolism, 50
Animals, influence of low proteid diet on high proteid, 231, 233, 243
Animal starch, see Glycogen
Appetite, in relation to food requirements, 162
Arginin, 34, 68, 70, 259
Argutinsky, views on muscle work, 123
Aspartic acid, 34, 67, 259
Assimilation limits of sugars, 47
Athlete, photograph of, 190
Athletes, fuel value of food of, on low proteid diet, 198
strength tests of, on low proteid diet, 206
true proteid requirement of, 186
Atwater and Benedict, 109, 111
Autodigestion (see Autolysis), 63
Autolysis, 12
Availability, of foods, 12
of carbohydrates, as source of energy, 45
B
Bacterial flora in intestine, of carnivora, 292
of herbivora, 292
Bacterial processes in intestine, in relation to food, 292
Balance, nutritive, as affected by various factors, 117, 118
Basal energy exchange, 104
Beaumont, William, on movements of stomach, 27
Benedict, F. G., see Atwater and Benedict
Bergell and Lewin, 36
Beriberi, and diet, 224
Blood, absorption of food products by, 44
behavior of disaccharides when introduced into, 39
effects of injection of proteoses and peptones into, 41
relation of sugar in, to glycogen, 46
sugar in, 45
Body, amounts of food required to furnish proteid needs of, 274
efficiency of, as a machine, 111
equilibrium, 78
nature of oxidation in the, 60
needs of nitrogen by, 4
needs for food by, 169
needs and dietary habits, 268
needs of proteid by, 268, 272
relation of oxygen to decompositions in, 61
resistance, see Resistance
sample dietary supplying needs of, 280
site of oxidation in, 62
surface, relation to energy exchange, 104, 105
surface, relation to nitrogen requirement in dogs, 248
Body-weight, on low proteid diet, 175, 181, 185, 190, 199, 245–255
relation to proteid requirement, 184, 188, 198, 227
Bright’s disease, see Nephritis
Breisacher, L., on minimum proteid requirement, 172
Bunge, 124
C
Calorie, 14
Calorimeter, respiration, 102
Cane sugar, assimilation limit of, 47
behavior when introduced into blood, 39
utilization of, 40
Cannon, W. B., on muscular movements of stomach, 28, 29
Carbon dioxide, output in rest, 111, 112
dioxide, output during work, 111, 123
equilibrium, 84
excretion, during fasting, 84
moiety of proteid, 129
Carnivora, bacterial flora in intestine of, 292
Carbohydrates, as food, 6
as fuel, 6
as heat producers, 58
as proteid sparers, 92
as source of energy, 128
as source of energy in fasting, 81
as source of energy in work, 58
availability of, 13
availability of, as source of energy, 45
composition of, 5
formation from proteid, 129
fuel value of, 15
in foodstuffs, 7
liver as regulator of, 45
respiratory quotient of, 107
Casein, cleavage products of, 70
Caspari and Glässner, on minimum proteid requirement in man, 172
Cellulose, in vegetables, influence on digestion, 263
Chemical character of proteid, influence on nutrition, 256
composition of foodstuffs, 7
Circulating proteid, 134
Clapp, S. H. (see Osborne and Clapp, on proteid cleavage products), 258
Cleavage, oxidative, 61
Climbing, oxygen consumption in, 116
Cogan, Thomas, on temperance in food, 166
Cohnheim, Otto, on proteid decomposition, 36
Composition, of proteid, 3
of carbohydrate, 5
of fat, 6
Cornaro, Louis, on temperance in food, 168
Cost of foods in relation to nutritive value, 277
Creatin, 74
Creatinin, 74
excretion, as influenced by diet, 144
Curtis, Edward, Nature and Health, 2, 5, 214
D
Dapper, Max, 99
Dangers of underfeeding, 214
Degeneration, fatty, 270
Deuteroproteose, 67, 69
Dextrins, 21, 37
Dextrose, 37
assimilation, limit of, 47
utilization of, 40
Diabetes, phloridzin, 130
Diamino acids, 34
Diet, and beriberi, 224
and renal activity, 297
effects of exclusive proteid, upon rats, 239
effects of intemperance in, 270
effects of rice, on rats, 240
fat absorption in dogs on low proteid, 233, 261
influence of, on creatin in excretion, 144
exclusive proteid, on progeny in rats, 240
on growth in rats, 239
monotony in, 242
on oxygen consumption in man at rest, 126
on oxygen consumption in man at work, 126
on respiratory quotient in man at rest, 126
on respiratory quotient in man at work, 126
rice, on growth in rats, 240
on urea excretion, 144
on uric acid excretion, 144
vegetable, upon dogs, 254, 256
in relation to nephritis, 297
in relation to nitrogen distribution in urine, 144
in relation to seasons of the year, 296
of Highlanders, 279
low proteid, influence on body-weight in dogs, 245, 249, 250, 251, 252, 255
nitrogen excretion during severe work on exclusive proteid, 123, 124
philosophy of a mixed, 92, 276
relation of endurance to low proteid, 210, 212
relation of inorganic salts to, 299, 300
relation of work to, 126
relation of vegetable food to low proteid, 291
sample, of soldiers, 194
sample, in experiments on true proteid requirement in man, 178, 182, 189, 195
simplicity in, advantages of, 279, 293
temperance in, 270
utilization of fat in dogs on low proteid, 261
utilization of nitrogen in dogs on low proteid, 262
variety in, 229, 242
Diets, normal, see Standard diets
standard, 155
Dietary habits, in relation to needs of body, 268
of fruitarians, 215
of Japanese, 225
sample, supplying needs of body, 280
standards, use of the term, 272
Dietetic customs of mankind, 154
Dietetics, habit in, 159
Diffusion, as factor in absorption, 41
Digestibility, see Availability
Digestion, gastric, of proteids, 26
importance of gastric, 30
influence of cellulose in vegetables on, 263
in the stomach, 25
object of gastric, 30
of fat, in intestine, 36
of fat, in stomach, 36
of starch, 21
products of pancreatic, of fats, 36
products of pancreatic, of proteids, 34, 67
products of pancreatic, of starch, 37
products of salivary, 21
salivary, in stomach, 23
Digestive products, reconstruction of proteid from, 42
Disease, relation of excessive proteid consumption to, 269
Dogs, effects of low proteid diet on, 232–236, 245–255
fasting experiments on, 82
fat absorption in, on low proteid diet, 233, 261
fuel value requirement of, 234, 236, 245–255
influence of low proteid diet upon body-weight in, 245–255
influence of vegetable diet on, 254, 256
nitrogen requirement of, 234, 235, 236, 245–255
photographs of, 248
proteid absorption in, on low proteid diet, 233, 262
proteid requirement, experiments by Munk, 232
proteid requirement, experiments by Rosenheim, 234
proteid requirement, experiments by Jägerroos, 236
proteid requirement, experiments by author, 243
utilization of fat in, on low proteid diet, 261
utilization of nitrogen in, on low proteid diet, 262
Disaccharides, utilization of, 40
E
Edestin, cleavage products of, 70
Efficiency of body, as a machine, 111
Egg albumin, cleavage products of, 70
Endogenous metabolism, 145, 146
Endurance, relation of, to low proteid diet, 210, 212
Energy, availability of carbohydrates, as source of, 45
basal exchange, 104
carbohydrate as source of, 128
carbohydrate as source of, in fasting, 81
conservation of, in man, 103
exchange, effect of muscular work, 109, 110, 113, 115
exchange, factors modifying, 105, 106
exchange, in relation to work, 119
exchange proportional to body surface, 104, 105
fat as source of, 128
fat as source of, in fasting, 81
foods as source of, 15
metabolism of, in man, 103
of muscle contraction, 121
origin of, in fasting, 81
output, in man, 103
produced by man, 106
proteid as source of, 122, 123, 124, 129
proteid as source of, in fasting, 81
source of, in body, 21, 121
source of, during fasting, in work, 125
Enterokinase, 33
Enzymes, deamidizing, 71, 72
in gastric juice, 25
in pancreatic juice, 32
in saliva, 20
intracellular, 63, 71, 72, 75
reversible action of, 21
specificity of, 21
Equilibrium, carbon, 84
nitrogenous, 78
of body, 78
Erepsin, 34
Exchange, basal energy, 104
of energy, as affected by work, 109, 110, 113, 115, 119
of energy, factors modifying, 105, 106
of energy, relation to body surface, 104, 105
Exogenous metabolism, 145, 146
F
Fasting, carbohydrates as source of energy in, 81
excretion of carbon during, 84
excretion of nitrogen during, 80, 82, 84
experiments on dogs, 82
experiments on man, 80, 84
fat as source of energy in, 81
fuel value during, 86
fuel value of fat, metabolized during, 86
metabolism of fat during, 84
nitrogen excretion during, 80, 82, 84
origin of energy in, 81
proteid as source of energy in, 81
proteid metabolism during, 83
relation of nitrogen excretion to work during, 125
source of energy for work during, 125
Fat, absorption, 43, 49
absorption in dogs on low proteid diet, 233, 261
as food, 6
as fuel, 6
as source of energy, 128
as source of energy during work, 58
as source of energy in fasting, 81
composition of, 6
digestion of, in intestine, 36
digestion of, in stomach, 36
fuel value of, 15
fuel value of, metabolized during fasting, 86
hydrolysis of, 36
influence of feeding, on body fat, 44
in foodstuffs, 7
laying on of, from overfeeding, 98, 99
metabolism during fasting, 84, 86
respiratory quotient of, 107
saponification of, 36
specificity of body, 44
synthesis of, 43
utilization of, in dogs on low proteid diet, 261
Fats, availability of, 13
as heat producers, 58
as proteid sparers, 92
Fatty degeneration, 270
Fatigue, relation to low proteid diet, 208
Fenger, S., 293
Fick and Wislicenus, on source of muscular energy, 121
Fischer, Emil, 21
Fisher, Irving, on endurance and low proteid diet, 210
on method of indicating food values, 283
Folin, Otto, theory of proteid metabolism, 144
Food, absorption and utilization of, in dogs on low proteid diet, 261, 262
amounts, required for proteid needs of body, 274
as fuel, 6
as source of energy, 15
availability of, 12
carbohydrates as, 6
character of, in relation to bacterial processes in intestine, 292
consumption and obesity, 270
consumption, relation to prosperity, 160
fats as, 6
fuel value of, 274
of fruitarians, 217
in experiments on proteid requirement, athletes, 198
in experiments on proteid requirement, professional men, 178, 180, 185
in experiments on proteid requirement, soldiers, 198
of Japanese, 219, 221
fuel value requirement of, in dogs, 234, 236, 245–255
influence of, on respiratory quotient, 107
needs of body for, 169
of man, 2
proteids as, 3, 5
real need of body for proteid, 272
relation of appetite to, 162
relation of nutritive value and cost of, 277
requirements, factors modifying, 165
temperance in, 166, 168
value of fruits as, 290
values of, method of indicating, 283
Foods, respiratory, 58
time, remain in stomach, 29, 30
Foodstuffs, carbohydrate in, 7
composition of, 7
fat in, 7
fuel value of, 7
inorganic salts in, 7
organic, 3
plastic, 58
proteid in, 7
water in, 7
Fritz, photograph of, 199
Fruitarians, dietary of, 215
fuel value of food of, 217
proteid consumption of, 217
Fruits, value of, as food, 290
Fuel, carbohydrate as, 6
fat as, 6
proteid as, 6
Fuel value, in fasting, 86
of carbohydrate, 15
of fat, 15
of fat metabolized during fasting, 86
of food, in experiments on proteid requirement, athletes, 188
of food, in experiments on proteid requirement, professional men, 178, 180, 185
of food, in experiments on proteid requirement, soldiers, 198
of food of fruitarians, 217
of food of Japanese, 219, 221
of foods, 274
of foodstuffs, 7
of proteid, 15
of proteid metabolized during fasting, 86
requirement in the dog, experiments by Munk, 234
requirement in the dog, experiments by Rosenheim, 236
requirement in the dog, experiments by Jägerroos, 236
requirement in the dog, experiments by author, 245–255
G
Gastric digestion, importance of, 30
object of, 30
products of, 26
Gastric juice, action on milk, 26
composition of, 25, 26
functions of, 25, 27
hydrochloric acid in, 25, 26
influence of diet upon flow of, 25
pepsin in, 25
psychical stimulation of, 24
Gastric secretion, 24
Gelatin, as food, 4, 5
Glässner, see Caspari and Glässner
Gliadin, cleavage products of, 70, 259
Glutaminic acid, 34, 67, 70, 259
Glutenin, cleavage products of, 259
Glycerin, 36
Glycocoll, 67
Glycogen, formation from proteid, 130
in liver, 46
relation to sugar of blood, 46
Growth, influence of diet on, in rats, 239
Guanase, 71
Guanin, 72
H
Habit, in dietetics, 159
Heat, furnished by fats and carbohydrates, 58
production during sleep, 104, 105
production in work, 110
Herbivora, bacterial flora in intestine of, 292
Herter, C. A., on bacterial flora, 292
Hirschfeld, Felix, on minimum proteid requirement, 170
Histidin, 34, 68, 70
Hofmeister, Franz, on sugar assimilation, 47
Hunt, Reid, on low proteid diet and body resistance, 226
Hunter, Andrew, see Watson and Hunter
Hydrochloric acid, in gastric juice, 25, 26
Hydrolysis, of fats, 36
Hypoxanthin, 72
I
Indol, 37
Inorganic salts, and renal activity, 298, 300
in foodstuffs, 7
in nutrition, 2
relation to diet, 299, 300
Intemperance in diet, effects of, 270
Intermediary metabolism, see Exogenous metabolism
Intestine, absorption in, 37
chemical changes in, 33
putrefaction in, 37
bacterial flora of, 292
Invertase, 40
J
Jägerroos, B. H., on proteid requirement in the dog, 236
Japanese Army and Navy, rations of, 224
Japanese, dietary of, 225
fuel value of food of, 219, 221
proteid consumption by, 219, 221
K
Katabolism, 50
nature of proteid, 75
oxygen in, 62
relation to intracellular enzymes, 75
Klemperer, on proteid requirement, 171
L
Lactase, 40
Lavoisier, views on oxidation, 56
Leucin, 34, 67, 70, 259
Leucosin, cleavage products of, 259
Levulose, assimilation limits of, 47
Lewin, see Bergell and Lewin
Liebig, views on oxidation, 57, 120
Lipase, 32
Lipolysis, by pancreatic juice, 36
Liver, function of, as regulator of carbohydrate, 45
glycogen in, 46
synthesis of proteid by, 48
Luxus consumption, of proteid, 59
Lüthje, 101
Lymphatics, absorption of food products by, 44
Lysin, 34, 68, 70, 259
M
Maltose, 21, 37
behavior when introduced into blood, 39
Man, conservation of energy in, 103
energy produced by, 106
experiments on oxygen consumption in, 126
fasting experiments on, 80, 84
food of, 2
metabolism of energy in, 103
minimum proteid requirement in, 170, 171, 172, 174–208
work experiments on, 110–116
Mastication, importance of, 23
Meat, influence on growth in rats, 239
Metabolic changes as influencing respiratory quotient, 108
Metabolism, 51
and old age, 296
endogenous, 145
exogenous, 145
Folin’s theory of proteid, 144
influence of proteid on, 83
influence of carbohydrates on proteid, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97
influence of fat on proteid, 92, 93, 96, 97
influence of proteid on proteid, 88
of energy in man, 103
of fat during fasting, 84, 86
oxidation in, 60
of proteid during fasting, 83, 86
Pflüger’s theory of proteid, 138
processes of, 51
significance of exogenous and endogenous proteid, 49
significance of proteid, 131
Voit’s theory of proteid, 134
Methyl glycocoll, see Sarcosin
Methyl guanidin, 74
Milk sugar, assimilation limit of, 47
behavior when introduced into blood, 39
utilization of, 40
Mineral matter, see Inorganic salts
Minimum proteid requirement, 59
Mixed diet, philosophy of a, 92, 276
Monotony of diet, influence of, 242
Morphotic proteid, 134
Munk, Immanuel, on proteid requirement in the dog, 232
Muscular movements of stomach, 27–30
N
Needs of body for food, 169
Nephritis, in relation to diet, 297
Neumann, R. O., on low proteid diet, 286
Nitrogen, distribution of, in the urine in relation to diet, 144
needs by body, 4
utilization of, in dogs on low proteid diet, 262
Nitrogen excretion, as influenced by proteid, 59, 87, 90
during fasting, 80, 84
during work in fasting, 125
during excessive work, 114, 127
during hard work on proteid diet, 123, 124
in experiments on proteid requirement, in dogs, 245, 249, 250, 251, 252, 255
in experiments on true proteid requirement, athletes, 187, 188
in experiments on true proteid requirement, professional men, 176, 177, 181, 185
in experiments on true proteid requirement, soldiers, 199, 200, 201
relation to work, 122, 123, 124
Nitrogen equilibrium, on low proteid diet, 176, 177, 181, 188, 200, 201, 249, 250, 251, 252, 255
Nitrogen requirement, in dogs, 234–236, 245–255
in man, 180, 184, 185, 187, 198, 227
relation to body-weight, 184, 248
Nitrogenous equilibrium, 78
Nitrogenous metabolism, theory of Folin, 144
theory of Pflüger, 138
theory of Voit, 134
Normal diets, 155
Nutrition, factors in, 16, 17
influence of chemical character of proteid on, 256
inorganic salts, as aids in, 2
physiological economy in, 264
purpose of, 2
Nutritive balance, as affected by various factors, 117, 118
Nuclease, 71
Nucleoproteid, character of, 3
cleavage products of, 71
O
Obesity, relation to food consumption, 270
Old age, metabolism in, 296
Osborne and Clapp, on chemistry of proteids of wheat kernel, 258
Osmosis, as factor in absorption, 41
Overeating, evil effects of, 270
Overfeeding, in laying on of fat, 98, 99
Oxidase, xanthin, 73
Oxidases, 64
Oxidation, in metabolism, 60
nature of, in the body, 60
older views regarding, 52
relation to enzymes, 75
site of, in the body, 62
value of respiratory quotient in determination of substances undergoing, 125
views of Lavoisier on, 56
views of Liebig on, 57, 120
Oxidative cleavage, 61
Oxygen, in katabolism, 62
relation to decompositions in the body, 61
relation to proteid decomposition, 59
Oxygen consumption, in climbing, 116
in relation to work, 123
in standing at rest, 116
in walking, 116
P
Pancreatic digestion, of proteids, 34
products of, 34, 67
products of, of starch, 37
Pancreatic juice, composition of, 32
condition of trypsin in, 33
enzymes in, 32
secretion of, 31, 32
sodium carbonate in, 32
Paths of absorption, 44
Pawlow, on adaptation of saliva, 18
Pepsin, in gastric juice, 25, 26
Peptones, 67
absorption of, 41
cleavage by erepsin, 34
effects when injected into blood, 41
formed in gastric digestion, 26
Pflüger, E., theory of proteid metabolism, 138
views on muscle work, 123
Phenol, 37
Phloridzin diabetes, 130
Phosphorus, excretion of, in relation to work, 123
Photograph, of athlete, 190
of Fritz, 199
Photographs, of dogs, 248
of soldiers, 193
Physical endurance, see Endurance
Physiological economy in nutrition, 264
Plastic foodstuffs, 58
Poisons, relation of body resistance to, on low proteid diet, 226
Polypeptid, 35
Portal vein, absorption of food products by, 45
Processes of metabolism, 51
Products, of cleavage of wheat kernel proteids, 259
of gastric digestion, 26
of pancreatic digestion, 37, 67
of proteid cleavage, 70
of putrefaction in intestine, 38
of salivary digestion, 21
Products of digestion, absorption of, 44
Professional men, fuel value of food on low proteid diet, 178, 180, 185
nitrogen equilibrium of, on low proteid diet, 176, 177, 181
true proteid requirement of, 174
Progeny, influence of meat diet on, in rats, 240
Prosperity, relation to food consumption, 160
Proteid, absorption of, in dogs on low proteid diet, 233, 262
absorption of cleavage products, 47
amounts of food required to supply needs of body for, 272
as food, 3
as fuel, 6
as glycogen former, 130
as source of energy, 122, 123, 124, 129
as source of energy, in fasting, 81
availability of, 12
body-weight on diet low in, 170–175, 181, 185, 190, 199, 245, 249, 250, 251
carbon moiety of, 129
chemical basis of protoplasm, 51
circulating, 134
cleavage products of, 70
composition of, 3, 69
consumption by fruitarians, 217
consumption by Japanese, 219, 221
decomposition by oxygen, 59
decomposition in work, 58
excessive consumption of, relation to disease, 269
effect of diet exclusively of, on rats, 239
effect on dogs of diet low in, 233, 234, 237, 245–255
fat absorption in dogs on diet low in, 261
food, real need of body for, 272
formation of carbohydrate from, 129
fuel value of, 15
fuel value of, metabolized during fasting, 86
influence of chemical character of, on nutrition, 256
diet exclusively of, upon progeny of rats, 240
diet low in, on high proteid animals, 231, 233, 243
on excretion of nitrogen, 59, 87, 90
on metabolism, 83
on metabolism of, 88
in foodstuffs, 7
katabolism, 75
luxus consumption of, 59
metabolized during fasting, 86
minimum requirement, 59
morphotic, 134
need of body for, 268
nitrogen equilibrium on diet low in, 176, 177, 181, 200, 201, 245, 249, 250, 251, 252, 255
overfeeding with, 98
reconstruction of, during absorption, 42
relation of endurance to diet low in, 210, 212
relation of fatigue to diet low in, 208
respiratory quotient of, 107
resistance of body to poisons on diet low in, 226
safety in relation to diet low in, 231
significance of complete cleavage of, 35
storing of, 92, 98, 99, 100
strength tests on diet low in, 203, 206
synthesis, 48, 49, 68
utilization of fat in dogs on diet low in, 261
utilization of nitrogen in dogs on diet low in, 262
work done at expense of, 58
Proteid diet, experiments of Neumann on low, 286
body-weight of dogs on low, 245, 249, 250, 251
body-weight of men on low, 170–175, 181, 185, 190, 199
in relation to nitrogen excretion during hard work, 123, 124
vegetable foods in relation to, 291
Proteid metabolism, influence of carbohydrate on, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97
influence of fat on, 92, 93, 96, 97
influence of proteid on, 59, 87, 90
Folin’s theory of, 144
Pflüger’s theory of, 138
significance of, 131
Voit’s theory of, 134
Proteid requirement, fuel value of food in experiments on, athletes, 188
fuel value of food in experiments on, professional men, 178, 180, 185
fuel value of food in experiments on, soldiers, 198
in dogs, experiments of Jägerroos, 236
in dogs, experiments of Munk, 232
in dogs, experiments of Rosenheim, 234
in dogs, experiments of author, 243
in man, 169, 170, 171, 172, 174–202
nitrogen excretion in experiments on, athletes, 186, 187, 188
nitrogen excretion in experiments on, in dogs, 245, 249, 250, 251, 252, 255
nitrogen excretion in experiments on, professional men, 177, 180, 185
nitrogen excretion in experiments on, soldiers, 197, 200, 201
relation to body-weight, 184, 188, 198, 227
sample diets in experiments on, 178, 182, 189, 195
Proteids, as tissue formers, 58
of wheat kernel, cleavage products of, 259
Proteoses, 26, 67, 69
absorption of, 41
cleavage by erepsin, 34
effects when injected into blood, 41
primary, 67, 69
secondary, 67, 69
Protoplasm, 51
Protoproteose, 67, 69
Ptyalin, 20
Purin bases, 71, 72
relation to uric acid, 73
Putrefaction, in intestine, 37
products of, 38
R
Rats, effects of exclusive proteid diet on, 239
effects of rice on, 240
influence of meat diet on progeny of, 240
Renal activity, and diet, 297
and inorganic salts, 298, 299, 300
Rennin, in gastric juice, 26
Resistance of body to poisons, relation to low proteid diet, 226
Respiration calorimeter, 102
Respiratory foods, 58
Respiratory quotient, 107
influence of foods on, 107, 126
influence of metabolic change on, 108
of foodstuffs, 107
relation to work, 125
value of, in determination of substances oxidized, 125
Rest, carbon dioxide output during, 111
influence of, on oxygen consumption, 126
influence of, on respiratory quotient, 126
Rice, influence of, on growth in rats, 240
Rosenheim, Theodor, on proteid requirement in the dog, 234
S
Safety of low proteid standards, 231
Saliva, adaptation of, 18, 19
function of, 20
psychical secretion of, 18
secretion of, 17, 18
Salivary digestion, in stomach, 23
products of, 21
Salts, see Inorganic salts
Saponification of fats, 36
Sarcosin, 74
Schnyder, 115
Scientific research and typhoid fever, 267
Seasons of the year, relation to diet, 296
Secretin, 32
Secretion, of gastric juice, 24
of pancreatic juice, 31, 32
of saliva, 17, 18
Sivén, on proteid requirement, 89
Skatol, 38
Sleep, heat production during, 104, 105
Soaps, 36
Sodium carbonate, in pancreatic juice, 32
Soldiers, fuel value of food in experiments on proteid requirement of, 198
nitrogen equilibrium in experiments on proteid requirement of, 200, 201
photographs of, 193
proteid requirement of, 192
sample diet in experiments on proteid requirement of, 195
strength tests in experiments on proteid requirement of, 203
Specificity of body fat, 44
Standard diets, 155
Standing at rest, oxygen consumption in, 116
Starch digestion, products of, 21, 37
Steapsin, 36
Stomach, absorption from the, 31
as a reservoir, 31
digestion in the, 25–31
fat digestion in the, 36
muscular movements of the, 27–30
salivary digestion in the, 23
time foods remain in the, 29, 30
Storing of proteid, 92, 98, 99, 100
Strength tests, on low proteid diet, athletes, 206
on low proteid diet, soldiers, 203
Sugar, in blood, 45
in blood, relation to glycogen, 46
Sugars, behavior when introduced into blood, 39
selective action in absorption of, 47
Sulphur, excretion of, relation to work, 123
Synthesis, of fat, 43
of proteid, 48, 49, 68
T
Temperance in diet, 166, 168, 270
Tissue formers, 58
Tissue metabolism, see Endogenous metabolism
Trypsin, 32
condition in pancreatic juice, 33
Tryptophan, 67
Typhoid fever and scientific research, 267
Tyrosin, 34, 67, 70, 259
U
Underfeeding, dangers of, 214
Urea, 74
excretion of, influence of diet on, 144
relation of, to creatin and creatinin, 74
Uric acid, 73
excretion of, as influenced by diet, 144
relation of, to xanthin bases, 73
Urine, relation of diet to nitrogen distribution in the, 144
Utilization, of dextrose, 40
of disaccharides, 40
of fat in dogs on low proteid diet, 261
of nitrogen in dogs on low proteid diet, 262
V
Variety in diet, 229, 242
Vegetable diet, influence upon dogs, 254, 256
Vegetable foods, relation to low proteid dietary, 291
Vegetables, cellulose in, influence on digestion, 263
Voit, Carl, on minimum proteid requirement, 171
theory of proteid metabolism, 59, 134
W
Walking, oxygen consumption in, 116
Water in foodstuffs, 7
Watson and Hunter, influence of diet on growth in rats, 239
Wheat kernel proteids, cleavage products of, 259
Weight, see Body-weight
Wislicenus, see Fick and Wislicenus
Work, carbon dioxide excretion in relation to, 123
carbon dioxide excretion during, 111, 112
due to proteid decomposition, 58
effect of, on energy exchange, 109, 110, 113, 115
experiments on man, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116
heat production in, 110
influence of, on oxygen consumption, 126
influence of, on respiratory quotient, 126
nitrogen excretion during excessive, 127
nitrogen excretion during fasting in, 125
proteid decomposition in, 58
relation of diet to, 126
to energy exchange, 119
fats and carbohydrates to, 58
nitrogen excretion on proteid diet to hard, 123, 124
nitrogen excretion to proteid diet to hard, 122, 123, 124
relation of oxygen consumption to, 123
phosphorus excretion to, 123
sulphur excretion to, 123
respiratory quotient in relation to, 125
source of energy during fasting in, 125
views of Argutinsky on muscle, 123
views of Pflüger on muscle, 123
views of Voit on muscle, 59, 134
X
Xanthin, 72
Xanthin oxidase, 73