Index

Adils, E., 70, 71–74

Ælla, King of Northumbria, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21 and n., 26

Alfgeir, Earl, 65, 70–72

Alfred the Great, 14, 22–35, 37, 52, 56, 136;

his studies, 23, 24, 34;

his laws and navy, 32–33;

his “Manual,” 24;

his liberality, 33.

His “Life” (see Asser)

Alfred “the Ætheling,” 185, 211–212, 217, 222

Alfvine, a champion, 93–94

Amazons, 17

Anglesea Sound, B. of, 237–238 (see Mona)

Anses, the, 21

Antrim, 119

Ardee, B. of, 120

Armagh, 45–46, 118

Armour, 130, 152, 240

Ashdune, B. of, 27–28, 29

Aslang, w. of Raynar Lodbrog, 21 and n.

Asser, 23, 28, 31, 34;

his “Life of Alfred,” 23, 24

Astrid, m. of Olaf Trygveson, 91, 92

Athelney, Isle of, 30, 32

Athelstan the Great, King of England, 46, 54, 56–77, 78–81, 84, 179

Aud (O. U. Audr), 47 (and see Unn)

Augvaldness, B. of, 87

Baltic, 92, 103

Baptism, Christian, 81, 84, 114–115, 148;

Baptism, Pagan, 78–79 and n.;

911 (and see “Prime-signing”)

Bath, 184

Bedford, 53

Bergen, 89

Bergthora, w. of Nial, 157, 162, 168, 170, 172–73, 175

Bergthors-knoll, 166

Berkshire, E. of, 27

“Berserkin fury,” 72 and n.

Bertric, King of Wessex, 12

Biorn, “the Eastman,” 6, 47–49, 50

Blacaire, Danish, Lord of Dublin, 120

“Bondes” or landowners, 88, 97, 98, 208, 242

“Book of Settlements,” 37

Brian Boru, King of Munster and Ireland, 135–142, 145, 148–152;

his hardships, 136;

King of Munster, 138;

his beneficent reign, 139;

his death at B. of Clontarf, 149–152

Britain, 6, 16

Brodir, a Viking, 146–147, 151–152

“Broad-cloth” Cruise, 245

Brunanburh, or Brumby, B. of, 60–77, 135

Burhred, King of Mercia, 22, 26, 29

Burial (in mounds), 41, 82, 89, 109;

(ship-burials), 51, 90

Bury St Edmunds, in Suffolk, 198

Caithness, 5, 48, 108, 154, 158

Callaghan, King of Munster, 117, 119

Canterbury, 25, 183, 189

Cantyre, 238

Canute, or Knut, “the Great” (King of England and Denmark), 6, 32, 55, 179, 180, 185, 186, 191–210, 214–217, 218, 227

Carlingford Lough, 118

Christianity, 12, 66, 114–115, 146;

forced upon Norway, 85–87, 100

Chronicles—

English Ch., 35 n., 60–61, 180, 192, 212;

Ethelwerd’s Ch., 13 n.;

William of Malmesbury’s Ch., 30, 34, 54, 57, 59, 61;

Asser’s “Life of Alfred the Great,” 23, 24

Clonmacnois, 45

Clontarf, B. of, 114, 116, 135, 148–156

Conang, nephew of King Brian, 141

Connaught, 119, 135

Constantine, King of the Scots, 59, 60

Cornwall, 57–58

Cumberland, 57

Dane’s, first arrival of, 11–13;

Conquests and Settlements, 5, 22, 25–27, 29, 46, 60–61, 111, 135, 179, 182, 184, 186, 187, 217–218;

called “Dark Foreigners,” 47

Danegeld, 179–180, 152, 225

Danish Kings, 6, 31, 179, 180, 186, 191, 198–199, 208, 209, 211–213, 217, 218, 219, 235

Danish Kings of Dublin and Northumbria, 6, 14, 29, 46–47, 58–59, 93, 118–119

Death-Song (of Raynor Lodbrog), 20, 21

Denmark, 31, 39, 40, 87, 123, 179, 191, 203, 209, 212, 213, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220

Derby, 53

Devon, 22, 30

Donagh, King of Ireland, 118, 120

Donovan, Munster Chief, 137

Dorchester, 13

Downpatrick, 242

Dublin, 19, 46, 96, 116, 117, 118, 142, 145, 148, 239, 245–47

East Anglia, 22, 27, 32, 38, 183, 189, 193, 194

Eddington, B. of, 31

Edgar, King of England, 179;

laws of, 198

Editha, w. of Edward the Confessor, 223, 224

Edmund “the Martyr,” King of E. Anglia, 185, 198

Edmund, b. of Athelstan, King of England, 61, 170

Edmund “Ironside,” 194, 225

Edric, Lord, of Mercia, 183, 194

Edward the Ætheling, 225

Edward “the Confessor,” King of England, 185, 212, 217, 219, 221–225, 226–227

Edward “the Elder,” 33, 38, 52–54

Edwy, King of England, 179

Edwy, s. of Ethelred the Unready, 195

Egil, s. of Skalligrim, 63, 65–66, 71–77

Egil’s Saga, 6, 60, 63–65

Einar (called “Torf-Einar,”) E. of Orkney, 111–113;

his son, 114

Einar Tambaskelfer, 106, 107

Eirik, King of Sweden, 39, 40

Eirik Hakonson, Earl, 102–107, 181, 186, 193, 194 and n. (and see Eric)

Eithne or Audua, m. of E. Sigard, 114

Ely, 211

Emma, Queen of Ethelred II. and of Canute, 35, 182, 184–185, 195, 199, 211–212, 213–214, 221

Englefield Green, B. of, 27

English Channel, 5, 187, 194

“Enhazelling,” a battle-field, 67, 69

Erling Skialgson, 102

Eric, or Eirik, “Bloodaxe,” King of Norway, 82, 84, 85, 113;

King of Northumbria, 84;

his sons, 82, 87–90, 113

Essex, 189

Ethelbald, King, 26

Ethelbert, King, 26

Ethelfled, “the Lady of the Mercians,” 52–53, 56

Ethelred I., King of Wessex, 14, 26, 27–28, 29

Ethelred II., “the Unready,” 35, 179–189, 219, 221;

his sons, 195–196, 211, 212

Ethelred, Prince of Mercia, 53

Ethelwulf, King, 25, 26

Eyvind, 88–89

Eyvind, a Norwegian lord, 240–241

Faröe Isles, 36, 42, 48–49

Feudal System (in Norway), 42

Fife, 5

Fin-Barre, St, Gospel of, 137–138

Fingall, 11

Flanders, 65, 212 and n., 223, 224, 227

Flosi, an Icelander, 166, 170–174

Fosterage, 80–81, 128, 132–134, 157, 159

France, 18, 35, 52, 72, 92, 218

Freeman, “Norman Conquest,” 185 n., 190 n., 236 n.

Gall-Gael, 12

Galloway, 5

Gaul, 23

Germany, 18

Gilli, the Russian, 123 and n., 125

Glen of the Gap, B. of, 138, 141

Gloucester, 53

Godfrey, Danish King of Dublin, 59–60, 118

Godred, King of Man, 158

Godwin, Earl, 211, 221–225;

sons of, 221, 223, 226

Gorm the Old, King of Denmark, 11, 39, 40, 179, 200

Gorm, or Guthrum, “the Englishman,” 31, 32, 35;

baptismal name, Athelstan, 32;

King of Denmark, 31, 32;

King of East Anglia, 32

Gormliath, or Kormlod, 139, 140, 142–143, 145–146, 148–149

Grani, Gunnar’s son, 166, 170–171

Greenwich, 185

Grim, s. of Nial, 157, 158, 161, 163, 173

Gudrek, Earl, 65

Gunhild, w. of Eric “Bloodaxe,” 82

Gunnar, Lambi’s son, 144–145, 157, 166, 170

Gyda, w. of Harald Fairhair, 40

Gyda, sister of Olaf Cuaran, 93–94

Hakon the Old, King of Sweden, 92

Hakon “the Good,” King of Norway, 54, 57, 79–90, 122–123, 179;

fostered by Athelstan, 80–81;

returns to Norway, 83–84;

forces the people to become Christians, 85–86, 100;

“Hakon’s Hill,” 89–90

Hakon, Earl, Governor of Norway, 95–99;

slain, 99, 193

Hakon, Earl, Eirik’s son, 193, 196, 197, 200, 208, 216

Halfdan, “Long-legs,” s. of Harald Fairhair, 112–113

Halfdan the Black, King of Norway, 39

Halfdene, s. of Raynar Lodbrog, 29

Halfred, Norse poet, 107

Hallad, s. of Ragnvald, 109–110

Hame, f. of Ælla, 14 n., 18

Hampshire, or Hants, 22, 30

Harald, King of England, s. of Canute, 195, 209, 211–212, 217

Harald “Blue-tooth,” s. of Gorm “the Old,” 179, 180

Harald Fairhair, King of Norway, 11, 36–44, 47, 52, 57, 78–81, 82, 83, 84, 96, 99, 113;

his policy, 5, 37, 39, 40, 42;

his sons, 112–113

Harald Sigurdson, “Hardrada,” King of Norway, 228–236, 237

“Harald Hardrada’s Stave,” 230

Harald, E. of Orkney, 245

Hardacanute, King of Denmark and England, 179, 195, 208, 209, 212–218, 221, 222

Harek of Throtta, 205–206

Harold, s. of Godwin, King of England, 211, 223, 224, 225, 226–236

Hastings, or Senlac, B. of, 235, 236 n.

Hauk “Haabrok,” 80–81

Hebrides, or Sudreys, 5, 18, 37, 42, 43, 48, 52, 55, 110, 113, 119, 237, 238, 244

Helga River, B. of, 204–205, 215

Helgi, s. of “Ketill Flatnose,” 47, 50

Helgi, s. of Nial, 157, 158, 163, 169–172

Hellespont, 19

“Heptarchy,” 38

Hereford, 53

Herlang, King, 41

Hlodver, Earl of Orkney, 114

Hlodver, Sigurd’s son, “Whelp,” 115

Hogmanay night, 86

Hoskuld, f. of Olaf the Peacock, 51, 122

Hoskuld, foster son of Nial, 157, 159–165

Howel, King of Wales, 59

Humber, River, 14, 60

Hungary, King of, 225

Hrafn, the “Limerick trader,” 37

Hrafn, “the Red,” 153

Hrane, 196–197

Hring, Earl, 71–73

Hrollaug, King, 41

Hrollaug, s. of Ragnvald, 111

Iceland, 5, 6, 37, 42, 47, 49–50, 63, 66, 114, 121, 122, 144, 154, 157

Inti. Gall (see Hebrides)

Iona, 12

Ireland, 5, 6, 11, 16, 19, 20, 37, 38, 42, 45–47, 53, 114, 116, 117, 145, 146, 223, 244

Irish hermits, 12

Ivar the Boneless, s. of Ragnar Lodbrog, 11 n., 16, 17, 18, 29, 30;

called Ivar Vidfadme, 11

Ivar, Prince of Limerick, 137

Jorunn, w. of Hoskuld, 123, 125–126

Jutland, 16, 18

Kari, Solmund’s son, 145, 158, 161–164, 168, 170, 174

Kark, a slave, 98–99

Kennedy, f. of King Brian, 136

Kent, 13, 25, 26, 223

Ketill “Flatnose,” 47–48

Killaloe, 141

Kincora, Palace of, 136, 140–142

Kingston-on-Thames, 57

Kjartan, s. of Olaf “Pa,” 134

Law-courts in Iceland, 157–160

Laxdæla Saga, 121, 122

Lay of the Darts (“Darradar-Liod”), 155–156

Leicester, 53

Leinster, 119, 138–139, 142;

Melmora, king of, 139–141;

palace of, 138

Liffey, River, 148

Limerick, 37, 46, 137

Lincolnshire, 22

London, 25, 32, 80, 180, 183, 185, 187, 193, 217

London Bridge, B. of, 188–190

Maelbride (Melbrik), King of Dublin, 19

Magna Charta, 198–199 and n.

Magnus the Good, s. of St Olaf, King of Norway, 219–220, 223

Magnus the Good’s Saga, 220

Magnus “Barelegs,” King of Norway, 237–243;

ballad of, 243

Magnus, St, E. of Orkney, 237–238

Mahon, f. of King Brian, 136–138

Man, Isle of, 5, 20, 135, 142, 145, 158

Melaughlan, King of Ireland, 139

Melbrigd “the Toothy,” 108–109

Melkorka, m. of Olaf “Pa,” 122, 126–128, 131–134

Melmora, King of Leinster, 139–142

Mercia, 22, 26, 52–53, 183, 193, 194

Molloy, Munster chief, 137–138

Mona, or Anglesea, 20, 237–238

Morcar, Earl, 229, 230

Mord, s. of Valgard, 160–164

Morrogh, s. of King Brian, 139, 141, 150–151

Munster, 119, 135, 139;

Callaghan, king of, 117, 119;

Brian, king of, 135, 138;

men of, 148, 151;

standard of, 150

Murtough, King of Connaught, 238–239

Murtough “of the Leather Cloaks,” 117–121;

or Myrkjartan, 127, 130–133, 134

Myrkjartan (see Murtough)

Nial, 144, 157–175

Nial’s Saga (Njala), 157

Niall “Glundubh,” or “Black-knee,” King of Ireland, 117

Nidaros (Throndhjem, or Drontheim), 228, 235 and n., 242

Normandy, 35, 109–110, 185, 189, 211, 218, 225, 229, 235;

Dukedom of, 6, 35, 109–110, 182, 218

Norsemen—

Direction of their conquests, 5, 12, 45–46, 135, 138, 148–149, 154;

called “Fair Foreigners,” 47

Northampton, 53

Northmen (see also Norsemen), 11, 12, 13, 14, 46–47, 118, 120, 138, 142

Northumbria, 5, 12, 13, 18, 19, 22 and n., 26, 29, 38, 52, 61, 193, 224, 227, 233;

Danish kingdom of, 6, 46–47, 54, 58–59, 78, 84, 113, 118, 194, 196

Norway, 36, 42, 43, 55, 66, 78, 100, 113, 114, 123, 158, 179, 187, 191, 196, 199, 203, 209, 215, 216, 218, 219, 227, 237

Ockley, or Aclea, B. of, 25

Olaf Cuaran “o’ the Sandal,” Danish King of Dublin, 46, 58–75, 96;

called Olaf “the Red,” 65

Olaf “Feilan,” 49–51

Olaf “Pa,” or “the Peacock,” 51, 121, 126–134

Olaf “the White,” King of Dublin, 47–48, 108

Olaf Trygveson, King of Norway, 54, 91–107, 114–116, 179, 180, 181, 186, 193;

called Ole, 92–93, 95–96;

becomes King, 98–99;

his Irish hound, 94–95;

his war-vessels, 95, 101–107;

he disappears, 107

Olaf “the Thick,” King of Norway (called “St Olaf”), 183, 186–190, 195–197, 199–209, 216, 228

Olaf, King of Sweden, 101, 102, 105, 181, 193, 201, 203–205

Olaf “Kyrre,” s. of Harald Hardrada, 229, 235, 237

O’Neills, Prince of, 117

Orkney Isles, 5, 18, 36, 37, 42, 43, 48, 52, 108, 109, 110, 113–115, 117, 135, 142, 229, 235, 237, 238, 242, 247;

Earldom of, 6, 43, 111

Osbert, King of Northumbria, 13, 14

Ospac, a Viking, 146–148

Otto, Emperor, 58, 78

Ouse, River, 229

Oxford, 184

Pagan army, 14, 26;

religion, 45, 66, 78, 85–87, 101, 146–147, 159

Paris, 35

Patrick, St, 45

Paul and Erlend, Earls of Orkney, 229, 231, 235, 237

Pentland Firth, 114

Pevensey, 235

Pictland, 18

Poets (called “bards” or “skalds”), 107, 135, 190, 202–203

Portents, 147, 151, 154–156, 166–167, 168, 228

Priesthood in Norway, 86, 159

“Prime-signing,” 66

Radbard, s. of Ragnar Lodbrog, 18

Ragnar Lodbrog, 5, 11 n., 15, 113;

origin of his sobriquet, 15, 16;

his kingdom in Britain, 18;

his death, 19, 20;

his death-song, 21;

sons of, 14, 26, 29, 31, 37

Ragnhild, m. of Harald Fairhair, 39

Ragnvald, E. of More, 43–44, 108–111

“Raven Banner,” 30, 114, 152–154

Reading, 27

Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy, 35, 182

Richard the Good, Duke of Normandy, 184–185, 195

Rolf, or Rollo “the Ganger,” 35, 52, 109–110, 218

Rome, 29, 192

Ross, 48, 108

Russia, 92, 96, 209

Russian slaves, 92, 123–124

Sacrifices, Pagan, 85, 86–87, 113 and n., 159

Sagas—

Egils, 6, 60, 63–65;

Ynglinga, 11;

Laxdæla, 47, 121, 122

Sandwich, 183, 184, 223

Saxo “Grammaticus,” 14 n., 16 n.

Saxon Pilgrims in Rome, 29;

Saxon Sword, 56;

Saxon Poetry, 34

Saxony, 18

Scandinavia, 6, 183

Scarborough, 229

Scilly Isles, 92

Scotland, 18, 20, 37, 43, 48–49, 52, 55, 60, 108, 135, 194, 238;

Scottish warriors, 74

“Second Sight,” belief in, 157, 167

Shannon, River, 136

Shetland Isles, 5, 36, 42, 43, 108, 111, 114

“Shield-burgh” of soldiers, 71

Ships of War, called “Dragon-ships,” 95, 101–107, 111, 196, 201, 203–206;

iron-plated, 103;

lashed together, 104;

prepared for war, 129–130;

as gifts, 57;

(and see “Boats”)

Sigrid “the Haughty” (w. of Sweyn), 101, 181

Sigurd “the Mighty,” Earl of Orkney, 43, 108–109

Sigurd “the Stout,” Earl of Orkney, 113, 114–116, 144–146, 152–154, 157, 158

Sigurd, s. of Magnus “Barefoot,” 242

Sigurd, Earl of Lade, 78–79, 83, 86–87

Sigvalde, Earl, 101, 102, 103

Sigvat (Norse poet), 189–190 and n., 202–203

Silver, chests of, 76–77

Sitric, Danish lord of Dublin, 119

Sitric “Gale,” King of Northumbria, 58–59, 60, 78, 118

Sitric “Silken beard,” Danish King of Dublin, 139 and n., 140, 142–143, 144–146, 148–149

Siward or Sigurd, “Snake eye,” 17, 18

Skalligrim, f. of Egil, 63–64

Skarphedinn, s. of Nial, 157, 161–164, 167–175

Slavery, 92, 121, 122, 123–126

Somerset, 23, 30

Southampton, 180

Southwark, 188–189, 223

Stafford, 53

Stamford Bridge, B. of, 230–236 and n.

Stiklestad, B. of, 209, 216, 236

Stord, B. of, 90

St Brice’s Day, Massacre of, 182–183

Strathclyde, 52, 61

Sudreys, 43 and n., and see Hebrides

Surrey, 25, 26

Sussex, 22, 23, 26

Svold, B. of, 102–105, 181, 186, 193

Sweyn “Forkbeard,” King of Denmark and England, 55, 101, 179–185, 187, 191, 192, 193, 209

Sweyn, or Svein, n. of Canute, King of Denmark, 213–214, 227;

Sweyn, s. of Canute, 216

Sweyn, Godwin’s son, 223

Sweyn, Asleif’s son, 244–248

Sweden, 18, 39, 40, 123, 199, 213, 215

(and see Olaf, King of Sweden)

Swedes, King of, 15, 101–102

Tadhg “of the Towers,” King of Connaught, 119

Tamworth, 53, 59

Temple pillars, 47–48

Thorstein, “the Red,” 48–49, 108

Thorstein, s. of Hall “o’ the Side,” 153–154

Thames, River, 25, 27, 188–189, 194, 217

“Thing” and “Thing-mote,” 46, 83, 86 and n., 93, 99, 208, 231

Thing-men or Soldiers, 189

Thora, Ragnar’s wife, 17

Thora, m. of Hakon “the Good,” 78

Thord, Kari’s son, 172–173, 175

Thorer, a Norwegian lord, 207

Thorer, a woman, 97

Thorer “Klakka,” 96–97

Thorfin “Skull splitter,” 114

Thorkill “the Tall,” 53–54, 183, 185, 187, 193–195 and n.

Thorolf, s. of Skalligrim, 63, 65–66, 71–77

Tomar’s Wood, 148, 150, 151

Tosti, Godwin’s son, 223, 224, 226–229, 232–235

Trondhjem, 41

Trygve, f. of Olaf Trygveson, 91, 96

Turgesins, or Thorgils, 45

Turlough, King Brian’s grandson, 149

Ubba, s. of Ragnar Lodbrog, 18, 29, 30

“Udal-right,” 83, 113 and n.

Ulf, Earl, 213, 215–216

Ulf “the Red,” 104

Ulster, 117, 142, 239, 242;

Murtough, King of, 117–120

Unn, or Aud, “the deep minded,” 47–51, 108, 122

Valgard “the Guileful,” 160

Valland, 110

Vidkun Jonson, 242–243

Vige, Olaf’s Irish hound, 94–95

Viken, in Norway, 110

Vikings, 15, 43, 145–146;

raids of, 18, 42, 108–109, 111, 244–248;

as traders, 6;

kingdom of, 14

Vin-heath, 66–67

Wales, 22, 23, 53, 57–59, 137, 237

Warwick, 53

Waterford, 46

Wedmore, 32

Week, names of, 85

Wessex, 12, 22, 25, 26, 27, 33, 38, 193

Wight, Isle of, 25, 184, 223, 228

William the Conqueror, 35, 42, 197 n., 218, 225, 229, 235;

his genealogy, 35

Wiltshire, 23, 30, 31

Winchester, 184, 199, 210, 212, 218, 222

Woden, or Odin, 20, 21, 78, 85, 167, 190;

his goblet, 85, 87

Worcester, 217

Ynglinga Saga, 11

York, City of, 14, 19, 53, 57, 84, 113, 229, 231;

B. of, 19

Yorkshire, 13

Yule, or Christmas, 85–86, 144

Zealand, 16