INDEX
Reading edition
Aburema, 394 n.
Adam of Bremen, and reliability of Vinland tradition, 13;
Descriptio Insularum Aquilonis, extract, 67-68.
Aden, decline of spice trade, 427 n.
Admiral, office of, 78 n., 79.
Affonso, Rodrigo, and Columbus, 324.
Agesinba, identified by Columbus with Cape of Good Hope, 397 n.
Aguado, Juan, 377, 379.
Aguja, Point of, 344, 345.
Alcaçovas, Treaty of, 254 n.
Alexander VI., pope, letter concerning projected voyage of newly appointed Bishop of Gardar, 73-74.
Almirante Bay, 393 n.
Alonso, Roderigo, see Affonso, Rodrigo.
“Alto de Juan Dañue,” 133 n.
Alto Velo, mountain, 365.
Alto y Bajo, Cabo, 188.
America and Vinland voyages, 7-13;
and Asia, 126, 131, 134, 135, 136, 145, 157, 174, 268;
mainland discovered by John Cabot, 423;
mainland discovered by Columbus, 333.
Amianus, see Arrianus.
Amiga, La, island, 198, 199, 208.
Angel, Cabo del, 220.
Arana, Diego de, 183 n.;
sent ashore, 200;
remains in Española, 209-210;
mentioned, 321.
Arana, Pedro de, despatched to Española, 321.
Arena, Las Islas de, 130.
Arenal, Punta del, 334.
Arnarstapi, Gudrid in, 18.
Arnlaug, settles in Greenland, 47.
Arnold, Bishop of Greenland, 69 n.
Arrianus, history of India, 329 n.
Asia, Columbus believes Cuba to be part of, 396 n.;
and John Cabot’s landfall, 425.
Aslak of Langadal, 16.
Asuncion, Isla de la, 356.
Aud the Wealthy, 14;
in Iceland, 15.
Avalldamon, reported to be a king of the Skrellings, 41.
Ayala, Pedro de, despatch to Ferdinand and Isabella, 429-430.
Ayay, see Guadeloupe.
Azores, reports of land to westward, 93;
mentioned, 236, 237, 329;
Columbus at, 243-249;
and Demarcation Line, 323, 326, 416.
Azua, Columbus in, 391 n.
Azules, Punta de los, 166 n.
Babeque, Columbus sails towards, 143, 147;
reports of gold, 181, 184, 214-215;
sighted, 150-151;
Martin Alonso Pinzon seeks, 152, 214-215;
Columbus seeks, 167, 179;
described by Indians, 174.
Babueca, island, 346.
Bafan, 136.
Ballena, Gulf of, 334, 339, 345, 349, 355.
Baneque, see Babeque.
Banes, Puerto de, 132 n.
Columbus enters, 158 n.-159;
inland explorations, 161-162;
Columbus sets up cross, 162;
Columbus sails from, 166.
Bardsen, Ivar, account of Greenland, 11, 71 n.
Bassora, spice caravans, 428 n.
Bastidas, Rodrigo de, voyage, 416 n.
Bastimentos, harbor of, Columbus in, 398-399.
Becerro, Cabo del, 213.
Behechio, an Indian ruler, 345.
Belem, river, 401 n.;
settlement near, 403 n.
Belprado, Cape, 220.
Beothuk Indians, 41 n.
Biarney, 32.
Biarni, Grimolf’s son, 30;
accompanies expedition to Vinland, 31-32, 35;
fate, 39, 42-43.
Biarni Herjulfson, and discovery of America, 8-9, 12;
voyage, 48-50.
Blacksark, discovered, 17, 46.
Boavista, Columbus at, 324-325.
Bobadilla, Francisco de, 375;
governor, 376;
and Columbus, 376-383, 417 n.;
proclaims immunities, 376;
takes Columbus prisoner, 380;
distributes gold, 380;
appropriates Columbus’s house, 383.
Bohio, 126, 146, 147;
inhabitants, 153, 156, 167;
sighted, 167;
size, 174;
reports of gold, 202;
Columbus in, 295.
Boma, Rio, 166 n.
Boto, Cape, 340, 353, 354.
Brand of Alptafirth, sons of, 45.
Brand, Bishop, the Elder, and chronology of Vinland voyages, 6-7, 43 n.
Brattahlid, Eric in, 23, 27, 46, 48, 50;
Biarni and Thorfinn Karlsefni in, 30-31;
Leif arrives, 54;
Gudrid comes to, 59.
Brazil, discovery, 326 n.
Brazil, mythical island, 426 n., 430.
Brazil, port of, Española, 407.
Breidabolstad, 16.
Breidafirth, Eric goes to, 17, 45, 46.
Bristol, and expedition of John Cabot, 423, 425, 428, 430;
and search for the Seven Cities, 430.
Brokey, Eric takes possession, 16.
Buen Tiempo, Cabo del, 220.
Buil, Friar, 430.
Burenquen, 294-295.
See also Porto Rico.
Cabañas, Puerto de las, 353.
Cabañas, Punta de, 132 n.
Cabo Rico, 356.
Cabo Santo, 211, 212.
Cabot, John, sources of information, 421-422;
letter of Lorenzo Pasqualigo, 423-424;
voyage of 1497, 423-424;
landfall, 423 n., 426;
reception, 424, 428;
new voyage proposed, 428;
and title admiral, 428;
map, 426, 430.
Cabot, Sebastian, and father’s voyages, 421.
Cabral, route of, 326 n.
Cabron, Cabo, 221 n.
Cadiz, and proposed inspection of ships from Indies, 277;
Columbus’s departure, 283.
Caithness, conquered by Thorstein the Red and Earl Sigurd the Mighty, 14.
Cambodia, supposed connection of Costa Rica and Panama with, 397 n.
Campana, Cabo de, Columbus approaches, 156-158.
Canaries, Columbus at, 92-94, 283-284, 320-323;
French ship at, 320;
pearls, 364.
Caonabó, King, and fate of first settlement in Española, 300, 303, 304, 307;
mentioned, 312.
Cape Breton Island, and Karlsefni’s voyages, 40 n.;
and landfall of John Cabot, 423 n.
Cape Verde Islands, 103;
and Hesperides, 322;
and Demarcation Line, 323, 326, 416;
Columbus at, 324-326.
Carabelas grandes, Boca de, 134 n.
Caracol, Bay of, Columbus anchors in, 299 n.
Caracol, El, island, 340, 353.
Carambaru, 393, 394 n.
Cariay, 393;
Indians of, 409.
Carib, island of, 223, 225, 226, 229, 230.
See also Porto Rico.
Caribata, Cabo de, 188.
Caribata, Monte, described, 188;
mentioned, 196, 199.
Caribs, 203;
houses, 286, 289;
reported cannibalism, 286, 288-290;
industry, 289;
appearance, 289, 293;
treatment of captives, 290-291;
several captured, 292, 293;
fight with Spaniards, 293;
and natives of Porto Rico, 294;
mentioned, 322, 330, 348, 359.
Caritaba, province of, reports of gold, 202.
Carvajal, Alonso Sanchez de, despatched to Española, 321.
Cascaes, Columbus at, 251.
Cassiterides, Columbus identifies with Azores, 329.
Castañeda, Juan de, attempt to seize Columbus, 245-248.
Cateva, 394 n.
Cathay, Columbus’s desire to reach, 134;
supposed proximity to Cuba, 405;
emperor’s embassy to Rome, 414.
Catholicism, in Greenland, 70-74;
Columbus urges its establishment in Española, 274-275, 361.
Catiba, Columbus in, 394 n.
Catigara, location, 396-397.
Caxinas, Point, named, 391 n.;
mentioned, 392 n.
Caymanos Chicos, islands, sighted, 405 n.
Cayre, 293. See also Dominica.
Central America, exploration of coast, 387.
Cerabora, see Carambaru.
Ceyre, 290. See also Dominica.
Chanca, Dr., letter to Cabildo of Seville, 280-313.
China, Columbus’s belief that he had reached, 397 n.
Christianity, introduced into Greenland, 23-26;
in Greenland, 29, 56, 57, 71-74;
in Iceland, 46;
and New World, 352.
Chuzona chica, Rio, 219 n.
Ciamba, province of, 393.
Cibao, 197;
reports of gold, 202;
mentioned, 206;
explored, 312-313;
mines, 338.
Ciguare, described by natives, 394-395.
Cinquin, Cabo de, 168;
Columbus approaches, 171, 174.
Cipango, 101 n.;
Columbus desires to find, 113;
Cuba mistaken for, 126, 127, 128, 130;
mentioned, 197, 202, 212.
Clato, Prior of, entertains Columbus, 254.
Cobrava, 394 n.
Coche, 357.
Cochin-China, Costa Rica and Panama believed to be southern extension of, 397 n.
Colon, see Columbus.
Colonization, plan of Columbus for Española, 273-277.
Columbo, Juan Antonio, despatched to Española, 321.
Columbus, Bartholomew, in Española, 321;
mentioned, 345;
projected exploring expedition, 360;
meets admiral, 366;
in Paragua, 375;
taken prisoner, 380;
map, 397 n.
Columbus, Christopher, contract, 77-80;
patent, 81-84;
first voyage, 89-258;
departure, 90;
at Canaries, 92-94;
signs of land, 96-100;
landfall, 108-109;
takes possession, 110;
desire to reach Cipango, 113;
at Santa Maria de la Concepcion, 115;
at Fernandina, 120;
believes Cuba to be Cipango, 126;
discovers Cuba, 130;
along coast, 144-168;
Martin Alonso Pinzon deserts, 152;
at Española, 169-228;
reappearance of Pinzon, 214;
and disaffection of Pinzons, 216-219;
homeward voyage, 228-258;
storm, 241;
at Azores, 244-249;
puts in at Portugal, 251-256;
reception by King of Portugal, 251-256;
arrival, 257;
letter to Santangel, 263-272;
and Cuba, 263;
and Española, 264;
duration of first voyage, 272;
plan for colonization and commerce of Española, 273-277;
second voyage, 278-313;
sources of information, 281-282;
at Canaries, 283-284;
at Dominica, 284-285;
at Guadeloupe, 286-291;
at Porto Rico, 294-295;
at Española, 295-313;
finds settlement destroyed, 300;
visits Cacique, 304;
building of city, 308;
sickness, 309, 312;
third voyage, 314-366;
sources of information, 317-318;
preparations, 319;
reception in Madeira, 320;
at Canaries, 320;
at Cape Verde Islands, 324-326;
sends ships ahead to Española, 320-323;
instructions concerning treatment of Indians, 322;
proposed route, 322, 326, 327;
and Demarcation Line, 326, 382;
signs of land, 329-330;
Trinidad sighted, 331;
mainland of South America discovered, 333;
at Trinidad, 335-339;
along coast, 331-351, 353-358, 362;
and a New World, 352, 355, 356;
in Boca del Drago, 354;
near Margarita, 356-357, 362;
anxiety about Española, 359-360;
reasons for hastening to Española, 359-362;
and Earthly Paradise, 364-365;
arrival in Española, 365, 366;
misfortunes, 371;
aid of Isabella, 371-372;
in disfavor, 372, 375, 378-379;
revolt in Española, 374;
and Bobadilla, 376-383;
letter on fourth voyage, significance, 387;
fourth voyage, 389-418;
outward voyage, 389;
arrival at Española, 389;
forbidden to land, 390;
storm, 390-392;
at Queen’s Garden, 391;
along coast of Central America, 391-403, 405;
search for strait, 391 n.;
illness, 392-393, 399;
geographical conceptions, 396-398;
and Earthly Paradise, 398;
illness, 399;
tempest, 399-400;
sends out exploring party, 401;
trouble with Indians, 402-403;
establishes settlement, 402;
reaches Cuba, 406;
in Jamaica, 406;
one ship puts into a port of Española, 407;
urges colonization of Veragua, 411-413;
deplores condition of Spanish settlements, 415;
complains of ill-treatment, 416-418.
Columbus, Diego, brother of Columbus, in Española, 321;
taken prisoner, 380.
Columbus, Diego, son of Columbus, page to Prince John, 379;
mentioned, 393.
Columbus, Ferdinand, 241 n., 321;
page in Queen’s household, 379;
account of fourth voyage, 318, 388, 392 n.
Commerce, plan of Columbus for Española, 273-277;
value of Spanish colonies predicted, 415.
Concepcion, La, island, 356.
Concepcion, Puerto de la, Columbus in, 172-179.
Conchas, Cabo de, 356.
Coroay, 206.
Cosa, Juan de la, master of Santa María, 200;
mentioned, 204.
Costa Rica, supposed connection with Cambodia, 397 n.
Crooked Island, 123.
Cuba, mistaken for Cipango, 126-130;
described by Indians, 130-136;
discovered, 136;
mistaken for mainland of Asia, 134, 263, 323, 405, 406;
explorations, 136-148;
Columbus returns, 153;
Columbus leaves, 167;
mentioned, 176, 263-264, 267, 364, 391 n.;
Columbus lands on fourth voyage, 405.
Cuba, Cabo de, 146, 147.
Cubagua, reports of pearls, 357.
Cubiga, 394 n.
Dama, Alvaro, 253.
Darien, Gulf of, 405 n.
Davis, John, voyage to Greenland, 74 n.
Delfin, El, 340, 353.
Demarcation Line, and Columbus, 326;
Papal, 416;
agreement between Spain and Portugal, 416.
Diaz, Bartolomé, 252, 397 n.
Dimunarvag, 16.
Dögurdar River, country between, and Skraumuhlaups River, occupied by Aud, 15.
Dominica, discovered, 285;
described 285;
mentioned, 290, 321;
report of gold, 293;
Columbus heads for, 330.
Drago, Boca del, named, 340;
Columbus’s ships in peril in, 354-355.
Drangar, 16, 45.
Drepstokk, Heriulf at, 47.
Drontheim, Leif arrives in, 47.
Drontheim, Archbishop of, papal letter to, 70 n.;
jurisdiction, 71.
Drontheim, Archbishop Valkendorf of, 74 n.
Dublin, captured by King Olaf, 14.
Duelling-Hrafn, killed by Eric the Red, 16, 45.
Earthly Paradise, Columbus and, 364-365.
Einar of Laugarbrekka, 18.
Einar, of Einarsfirth, settles in Greenland, 47.
Einar, son of Thorgeir, 18;
sues for Gudrid’s hand, 19.
Elefante, Cabo del, 168, 171.
Enamorado, Cabo del, 221.
Enriquez, Beatrix, 321.
Eric, Earl, visited by Biarni Herjulfson, 150.
Eric the Red, saga of, 3-5, 14-43;
goes to Iceland, 14, 45;
in Drangar and Haukadal, 15-16, 45;
voyage, 16-17, 45-46;
discovers Greenland, 16, 17, 46;
return to Iceland, 17, 46;
fight with Thorgest, 17;
names and colonizes Greenland, 17, 46;
mentioned, 20;
welcomes Thorbiorn to Eastern Settlement, 23;
unwilling to embrace Christianity, 26;
and expedition to land discovered by Leif, 26-27, 50;
receives Gudrid, 29;
welcomes Biarni and Thorfinn Karlsefni, 30, 42;
mentioned, 31, 33, 56;
at Brattahlid, 48;
death, 54.
Eric Gnupson, Bishop of Greenland, expedition, 69.
Eric Uppsi, see Eric Gnupson.
Ericsey, Eric the Red at, 17, 46.
Ericsfirth, Eric the Red at, 17, 46;
mentioned, 26, 27, 29, 30, 54, 55, 59, 64.
Ericsholms, Eric in, 17.
Ericsstad, Eric at, 16.
Ericsstadir, Eric the Red in, 15, 45.
Ericsvag, 16, 45.
Escocesa, Bahia, 220 n.
Escobedo, Rodrigo de, 110, 184;
remains in Española, 209, 210.
Eskimos, and Vinland, 10, 41 n.;
Española discovered, 168;
named, 173, 264;
natives, 175-177, 180-187, 190-196, 198, 201-203, 205-210, 222-225, 265-269, 297-307;
products, 177, 178;
climate, 178;
description, 181-182, 192-193, 264-268;
Columbus praises land and people, 198, 201, 202;
first settlement, 204, 206, 268;
reports of gold, 215;
coast explored, 215-228;
recommendations of Columbus for colonization and commerce, 273-277;
return of Columbus, 295;
scenery, 296;
fate of first settlement, 300-304;
building of city Isabella, 308;
products, 310-312;
ships despatched to, 320-323;
supplies for, 348-350, 353;
revolts, 360, 366, 373;
colonists, 373, 374-377;
arrival of Bobadilla, 375-378;
Columbus taken prisoner, 380;
mining, 382;
Columbus forbidden to land, 390;
and Columbus’s fourth voyage, 406-408;
condition, 415.
Estrella, Cabo de la, 168, 171.
Exploring expeditions, independent, authorized by Ferdinand and Isabella, 360.
Eyiulf of Sviney, 16, 45.
Eyiulf the Foul, 15, 16, 45.
Eyrar, Biarni arrives at, 48.
Eyxney, 16, 45.
Fava, 134.
Fayal, mentioned, 235.
Ferdinand and Isabella, contract with Columbus, 77-80;
and route to Indies, 78;
patent to Columbus, 81-84;
war with Moors, 89;
and Demarcation Line, 323, 326;
and Columbus, 331;
authorize independent exploring expeditions, 360;
and Hojeda, 373;
and Bobadilla, 376;
and Columbus’s fourth voyage, 389-418.
Fernandina, discovered, 116-117, 263;
Columbus approaches, 118;
natives, 119;
described, 119;
coast explored, 120-122;
sighted, 129.
Ferro, island of, 93, 104, 112, 137, 237, 284, 323.
Finnbogi, voyage to Wineland, 62, 63;
death, 64.
Flat Island Book, 3;
composition, 4;
“The Vinland History,” and collateral sources, 8-9;
reliability of “Vinland History” questioned, 8-10, 12.
Flechas, Golfo de las, 228.
Flechas, Puerto de las, Columbus in, 222-228.
Flores, island, 235-237.
Fortunate Isles, and first meridian of Marinus, 396 n.
Fraile, Punta del, 166 n.
Frances, Cabo, 220.
Frances, Puerto, 199 n.
Frederick, Bishop, in Iceland, 46.
Freydis, 32;
drives off Skrellings, 38;
fate, 39;
marriage, 48;
voyage to Vinland, 62-64;
and death of Helgi and Finnbogi, 63-64;
return, 64-65.
Froda-wonder, 24.
Fuma, 206.
Funchal, Columbus in, 320.
Furdustrandir, see Wonder-strands.
Galeota, Cape, Columbus sees, 332 n.
Galera, Cabo de la, 332.
Gallega, La, ship of Columbus on fourth voyage, 390.
Gama, Vasco da, 323 n.;
Gard, overseer at Lysufirth, death, 27, 29.
Gardar, Freydis at, 48;
Freydis leaves, 62;
bishopric of, in fifteenth century, 70-74.
Gatos, Puerto de, 353.
Geirstein, 16.
Geography, Columbus’s conceptions of world, 387, 396-398.
Glaumbœiar-land, Thorfinn Karlsefni in, 65.
Glaumbœr, church in, 66.
Gomera, Columbus at, 93, 284, 320;
mentioned, 94.
Gomera, Count of, see Peraza, Guillen.
Good Hope, Cape of, 397 n.
Gordo, Puerto, 400.
Gottskalk, Annals of, quoted, 69 n.
Government of Española, Columbus’s plan, 274;
Columbus’s desire to be relieved, 375;
Bobadilla’s arrival, 375-376;
immunities proclaimed, 376-378.
Gracia, Isla de, 338-341.
Gracia, Rio de, 219.
Gracias á Dios, Cape, 391, 392 n.
Gran Can, 89;
embassy to Rome, 89;
and Columbus’s belief that he has reached Asia, 126, 131, 134, 135, 136, 145, 157, 174, 268;
and Cabot’s landfall, 423.
Gran Canaria, Columbus at, 92, 283.
Granja, Puerto de la, 187 n.
Greenland, Norse colonists, 10;
discovery, 17;
explored, 17;
named, 17;
colonization, 17;
Thorbiorn in Western Settlement, 20-23;
introduction of Christianity, 23-26;
sickness in Western Settlement, 27-29, 57-59;
Biarni and Thorfinn Karlsefni in, 30-32, 59;
return of Thorfinn Karlsefni, 62;
Helgi and Finnbogi in, 62;
mentioned, 67 n.;
bishopric of Gardar, 71-74;
conditions in colony, 71-74.
Grimhild, death and burial, 57, 58.
Guacamari, see Guacanagarí.
Guacanagarí, Indian cacique, 193 n., 207;
Columbus takes leave of, 209-210;
mentioned, 298-300, 303, 361;
suspected of treachery, 301, 305-307;
receives Columbus, 304-305.
Guadalquivir River, 180.
Columbus at, 286;
mentioned, 343;
natives report mainland to south, 359.
Guaigo, 394 n.
Guanahani, discovered, 110, 263;
Columbus takes possession of, 110;
natives, 111-113;
mentioned, 131, 134, 151.
Guarionex, 206.
Gudrid, ancestry, 15 n., 18;
in Arnarstapi, 18;
return to Laugarbrekka, 19;
and prophecy of Thorbiorg, 22-23;
marries Thorstein Ericson, 27, 56;
in Western Settlement, Greenland, 27-29, 57-59;
goes to Eastern Settlement, 29, 59;
marries Thorfinn Karlsefni, 31, 59;
goes to Iceland, 43;
descendants, 43-44, 66;
accompanies Thorfinn Karlsefni to Vinland, 60-61;
in Iceland, 66.
Guevara, Ferdinand de, in Xaragua, 374.
Guiga, 399 n.
Guinea, 145;
and reported trade of canoes with land to west, 326;
navigation of Portuguese, 332;
exploration, 351-352.
Guisay, see Quinsay.
Gunnbiorn, son of Ulf the Crow, voyage, 16, 46.
Gunnbiorns-skerries, discovered, 16, 46.
Gutierrez, Pedro, 109;
sent ashore, 200;
remains in Española, 209-210.
Haekia, in Vinland, 33.
Hafgrim, settles in Greenland, 47.
Haki, in Vinland, 33.
Halldis, 18;
death, 20;
mentioned, 22.
Hallveig, daughter of Einar, 18.
Hanno, voyage, 328.
Harold, the Stern-ruler, King of Norway, voyage, 68.
Haukadal, Eric the Red in, 15;
Eric banished, 16, 45.
Hauk Erlendsson, book, 3-5;
reliability, 8.
Hebrides, Aud and Thorstein go to, 14;
Leif in, 24-25.
Helgi, voyage to Wineland, 62-63;
death, 64.
Helgi Thorbrandsson, settles in Greenland, 47.
Helluland, identification, 10;
named, 51;
explored, 32.
Henry VII., of England, reception of John Cabot, 424;
plan of second voyage, 425, 428;
preparations for second voyage, 429.
Heriulf, accompanies Eric the Red to Greenland, 46-47;
at Heriulfsness, 48-49.
Heriulfsness, Thorbiorn arrives in, 20;
Heriulf at, 46, 48-49.
Hermoso, Cabo, 123, 124.
Hesperides, and Cape Verde Islands, 322 n.
Hierro, island, see Ferro.
Hierro, Punta del, 220.
Hojeda, Alonso de, 312 n.;
explores Cibao, 313 n.;
voyage, 360, 416 n.;
arrival in Española, 373;
mentioned, 376.
Holar, Bishop of, ordered to inquire into affairs of Gardar bishopric, 73.
Holmar, Eric winters at, 46.
Holmlatr, Eric spends winter in, 17.
Hop, Karlsefni at, 36, 39, 40-41.
Horn-Strands, 45.
Hrafn, settles in Greenland, 47.
Hrafnsfirth, Eric enters, 17, 46.
Hrafnsgnipa, 46.
Huego, reports of land to the southwest, 326.
Hvamm, Aud in, 15.
Hvarfsgnipa, 17.
Hvitramanna-land, 42.
Ibarro, Bernaldo de, quoted, 336.
Iceland, saga-telling period, 7;
Eric and Thorvald in, 15, 45;
mentioned, 17, 18;
the Froda-wonder, 24;
Thorfinn Karlsefni sails to, 43, 65;
Biarni Herjulfson in, 48;
extracts from Annales regii, 69;
English fish trade, 427.
Iguana Grande, island, 215 n.
Illugi, son of Aslak, 16.
Indians, trade with Columbus, 111-113, 119, 121, 127, 135, 142, 165, 194-195;
enslaved, 112, 144, 145, 267, 287, 292, 293, 343-344;
Columbus’s policy towards, 110, 116-118, 126, 192, 194, 195, 322;
named, 110;
and tobacco-smoking, 141;
signal fires, 180, 224;
fight with Spaniards, 224, 292-293;
weapons, 307;
of Guanahani, 110-112;
of Santa Maria de la Concepcion, 115-116;
of Fernandina, 119-122;
of Cuba, 139-142;
of Española, 175-177, 180-187, 190-196, 198, 201-203, 205-210, 222-225, 265-269, 297-307;
at Trinidad, 335-336;
of mainland of South America, 342-344, 347;
of Veragua, 402.
See also Caribs and Mayas.
Ingolf, colonist of Iceland, 17, 47.
Innocent VIII., pope, elects Matthias Bishop of Gardar, 74.
Ireland, Thorhall driven ashore on, 35.
Ireland the Great, see Hvitramanna-land.
Isabelica, Punta, 217 n.
Isabella, aids Columbus, 371-372;
reports of illness, 373.
See also Ferdinand and Isabella.
Isabella, in Española, preparations for city, 308;
Columbus’s departure, 366;
mentioned, 321, 322.
Isabella, island, discovered by Columbus, 123, 124, 263;
Columbus leaves 128;
mentioned, 151.
Isleo, Cabo del, 127, 128.
Jacmel, 407 n.
Jaederen, Thorvald and Eric the Red leave, 15, 45.
Jamaica, 215, 338;
Columbus’s shipwreck, 387;
Columbus bound for, 389;
Columbus reaches, 406.
Jardines, described, 344;
natives, 345-346.
Jerez, Rodrigo de, 136.
Jerome, St., 414.
Jews, expulsion from Spain, 90.
Jiddah, spice trade, 427 n.
Joachim, Abbot, prophecy, 413-414.
John II., of Portugal, grant to Fernam Dominguez do Arco, 93 n.;
receives Columbus, 253-255;
and Demarcation Line, 323, 326.
John, prince of Castile, 323, 369.
Jon Thordsson, and Flat Island Book, 4.
Juana, see Cuba.
Karlsefni, see Thorfinn Karlsefni.
Keelness, 33, 35, 39, 55.
Ketil, settles in Greenland, 46.
Kialarnes, see Keelness.
Labrador, and John Cabot’s first voyage, 423 n.
Lagartos, Rio de los, 400 n.
Lanzada, Punta, 179.
Lanzarote, 92.
Lapa, Cape of, 340;
pearl fisheries near, 346;
Columbus near, 353, 354.
La Vega, Columbus at, 375.
Leif Ericson, and discovery of America, 8, 11;
date of voyage, 12, 43 n.;
in Norway, 24-25, 47;
discovery, 25, 50-54;
introduces Christianity in Greenland, 26;
mentioned, 33, 59, 62, 63;
displeasure at Freydis, 65.
Leif’s-booths in Vinland, Thorvald reaches, 54-55;
Thorfinn Karlsefni’s arrival, 60.
Leikskalar, Eric at, 16.
Lepe, Diego de, voyage, 416 n.
Levantados, Cayo de, 221 n.
Lindo, Cabo, 166.
Lisbon, Columbus driven into river by tempest, 251, 379;
John Cabot’s presence in, alleged, 430.
Llana, Punta, 349.
Llandra, Columbus at, 256.
Long Island, 117 n.
Lucayos, discovered, 110.
Luengo, Cabo, 356.
Luna, Rio de la, 132.
Lybia, voyage of Hanno from, 328.
Lysufirth, 27, 57.
Macorix, 206.
Macuris, Punta, 220 n.
Madama Beata, island, named, 365.
Madeira, 236, 243, 250;
Columbus at, 320.
Magnus Thorhallsson, and Flat Island Book, 4.
Mago, see Mango.
Maici, Punta de, 158 n.
Maldonado, Melchior, explores Española, 302-303.
Mango, Cuba mistaken for, 405, 408.
Manzanillo, Bahia de, 212 n.
Maravi, Port of, 158 n.
Mares, Puerto de, advantages for settlement, 140;
Columbus leaves, 143.
Mares, Rio de, Columbus in, 132, 133, 135, 144;
mentioned, 147, 160, 176.
Margarita, discovered, 356;
Columbus leaves vicinity, 362-363.
Maria, Puerto, 168.
Marigalante, ship, 284 n.
Marigalante, island, 285.
Marinus, conception of world, 396-397.
Markland, identification, 10;
natives, 11;
expedition of Thorfinn Karlsefni, 32, 41;
named by Leif, 51;
mentioned, 69.
Marmoro, 405 n.
Marquez, Diego, 288.
Martian, quoted, 67.
Martinet, El, island, 356-357.
Martinique, 225 n.
Martyr, Peter, account of Columbus’s fourth voyage, 388.
Maternillo, Punta del, 135 n.
Matinino, island, inhabitants, 223, 225, 270;
copper reported, 226;
Columbus desires to see, 228-229;
mentioned, 230.
Matthias, elected Bishop of Gardar, 74.
Mayas, 215 n.;
culture, 394 n.;
sculptures, 409-410;
animals, 410;
language, 411.
Mayonic, 206.
Mayreni, King, reported to have killed Spaniards, 300, 302, 303.
Mayrones, Francis de, quoted, 359.
Mecca, Cabot in, 426 n., 427;
spice trade of, 427 n.
Micmac Indians, appearance, 36 n.
Midiokul, 46.
Mines, Española, 382;
of Spanish colonies, value predicted, 415.
Missions, need in New World, 274, 361.
Moa, Rio de, 154 n.
Moa, Sierras de, 154 n.
Mogens Heinesen, 74 n.
Mona, island of, 322.
Monte, Cabo del, 166.
Monte Cristi, 212;
described, 213;
mentioned, 216, 218, 296;
harbor described, 298.
Montserrat, 291 n.
Moray, conquered by Thorstein the Red and Earl Sigurd the Mighty, 14.
Mosquito, Bahia, 172 n.
Mosquito Coast, Columbus on, 393 n.
Mosquitos, Punto de, 405 n.
Moya, Cayo de, 153.
Mulas, Punta de, 132 n.
Muxica, Adrian de, revolt, 374.
Navidad, fort built, 206;
Columbus leaves settlement, 209-211, 268-269, 271;
gold, 217;
anxiety of Columbus about, 224;
Columbus finds settlement destroyed, 298-304;
mentioned, 361.
Navigation, between Spain and Española, recommendations of Columbus, 276-277;
compass, 363 n.;
difficulties due to strong currents, 408-409.
New Spain, discovery postponed by Roldan’s revolt, 360.
Nicholas V., letter to Bishops of Skalholt and Holar, 70-73.
Nidaros, Leif reaches, 47.
Niña, ship, 96, 97, 102;
crew report land, 106;
mentioned, 108, 116, 122, 139;
Indians escape from, 115-116, 150;
new fittings, 155;
Columbus on, 201.
Niño, Pedro Alonso, 236.
Nipe, 131 n.
Niti, 309, 312;
reports of gold, 313.
Nombre de Dios, 394 n., 399.
Noroña, D. Martin de, 253;
escorts Columbus, 256.
North America, voyages of Northmen, 25, 50-54, 47-49; 54-56, 31-42, 59-62, 62-64, 67, 69;
Cabot’s landfall, 422.
Northmen in America, sources, 3-13;
identification of localities, 10;
dates, 12, 43 n.
Norway, Eric the Red and Thorvald leave, 15, 45;
Leif in, 25, 47;
Thorfinn Karlsefni sails from, 59;
Thorfinn Karlsefni in, 65.
Nova Scotia, and Northmen, 10;
Indians, 36 n.;
climate, 37 n.;
Nuestra Señora, Mar de, 148;
Columbus re-enters, 153;
mentioned, 160.
Odd, of Jorva, 16.
Olaf the White, King, in Ireland, 14.
Olaf Tryggvason, King of Norway, 24;
and Christianity in Greenland, 25-26, 71;
and Leif Ericson, 25, 33, 47.
Orinoco, Columbus near mouth, 334 n.
Orkneys, Aud the Wealthy sails to, 14.
Orm of Arnarstapi, 18;
entertains Gudrid, 18-19;
starts with Thorbiorn to Greenland, 20;
death, 20.
Oro, Rio del, 217, 218.
Ovando, and Columbus, 390.
Padre y Hijo, Cabo de, 221.
Palmas, Cabo de, 133.
Palmista, Punta, 168 n.
Panama, coast explored, 387, 394 n.;
supposed connection with Cambodia, 397 n.
Paria, discovery, 339, 373;
described, 340, 341;
pearls, 346, 348, 373;
natives, 346-347;
Columbus near, 353, 354;
explored by Hojeda and Pinzon, 360 n.;
condition, 415.
Peraza, Doña Ines, 93.
Peraza, Guillen, 93.
Pérez, Alonso, sights land, 330.
Perlas, Golpho de las, 350;
Columbus explores, 355, 356, 358.
Pico, Cabo de, 156.
Pierna, Punta, 178.
Pinta, ship, rudder disabled, 92;
repaired, 92-93;
sails ahead of Admiral’s ship, 97-98;
crew sights land, 108-109;
mentioned, 120, 122, 133, 138, 211;
leaves other ships, 152;
news, 205, 207;
reappearance, 214;
on coast of Española, 215, 219;
weakness of mast, 232;
leaves Niña, 238.
Pinzon, Martin Alonso, at the Canaries, 92;
sails ahead of Columbus, 97-98;
and Columbus, 100-101;
claims to see land, 102;
advises course, 106, 120;
at Guanahani, 110;
mentioned, 120, 127, 134, 138, 211, 232;
leaves Admiral’s fleet, 152;
rejoins Niña, 214;
on coast of Española, 215, 219;
Columbus disapproves of, 214, 216;
runs Pinta ahead of Niña, 238.
Pinzon, Vicente Yañez, 108 n.;
at Guanahani, 110;
at Española, 207;
disaffection, 216;
quoted, 235;
charts route, 237;
Plata, Monte de, 220.
Playa, Punta de la, 333.
Pliny, quoted, 324, 348, 353.
Porras, Diego de, report of fourth voyage of Columbus, 388, 407 n.
Port Clarence, Long Island, 120 n.
Porto Rico, 223, 225;
reports of gold, 225;
copper reported, 226;
location, 230;
Columbus at, 294-295;
mentioned, 321, 338, 359, 408.
Portugal, relations with Spain, 246.
Columbus received in, 253-256;
and Demarcation Line, 323, 416 n., 430;
and treaty of Tordesillas, 430.
Pozas, Isla de las, 408.
Principe, Puerto del, 148;
Columbus leaves, 150;
Columbus returns towards, 151.
Ptolemy, geographical system, 329 n., 396-397.
Puerto Sancto, Columbus at, 320.
Puerto Santo, in Cuba, Columbus at, 162-166;
natives, 164-165.
Punta Santa, 196, 199.
Queen’s Garden, islands, 391, 405 n.
Quintero, Cristóbal, and the Pinta, 92.
Rascon, Gomes, and the Pinta, 92.
Rastelo, Columbus passes, 251;
ship of King of Portugal near, 252.
Ratos, Isla de, 198 n.
Redondo, Cabo, 220.
Retrete, harbor, 399, 405 n.
Reyniness, Thorfinn Karlsefni in, 43.
Ricchieri, Ludovico, Antiquarum Lectionum Libri XVI., 329 n.
Rico, Cabo, 356.
Roca, Cabo de la, 220 n.
Roja, Punta, 217.
Roldan, the pilot, 235;
charts route, 237.
Roldan, Francisco, revolt, 360, 366, 373-374;
and Bobadilla, 376.
Romero, El, island, 356.
Ross, conquered by Thorstein the Red and Earl Sigurd the Mighty, 14.
Rucia, Punta, 213 n.
Ruiz, Sancho, charts route, 237.
Rum Cay, 115.
Sabeta, 345.
Sabor, Cabo de, 356.
Sacro, Puerto, 221.
Saga-age, in Iceland, 7.
St. Martin, island, 291 n.
St. Nicholas Mole, Hayti, 168 n.
St. Ursula, island, 294 n.
Sal, La, island, Columbus near, 324.
Saltes, bar of, 91;
Columbus crosses, 257.
Samana, Bay of, described, 221;
Columbus leaves, 228;
mentioned, 295 n.
Samana, peninsula, 221 n.
Samaot, 119, 120, 122.
San Honorato, 196 n.
San Juan, see Porto Rico.
San Juan River, Nicaragua, 393 n.
San Miguel, Columbus approaches, 247.
San Nicolas, Puerto de, described, 169-170.
San Salvador, name given by Columbus to landfall, 114, 115, 151, 263;
natives, 116-117.
San Salvador, name given by Columbus to river and port in Cuba, 131, 133.
San Theramo, Cape, 229.
Sanchez, Rodrigo, 109;
at Guanahani, 110;
in Cuba, 140.
Sancta Ana, Cape, 327.
Santa Catalina, harbor, 156.
Santa Catherina, island, 322, 365.
Santa Cruz, island, 293 n.;
reported proximity of mainland, 359.
Santa Maria de la Concepcion, discovered, 115, 263;
mentioned, 117;
Columbus sails from, 118.
Santa Maria, Azores, Columbus reaches, 236;
attempted seizure of Columbus at, 245-249;
mentioned, 250.
Santo Domingo, 321-322, 365;
Columbus’s arrival, 366;
revolts, 369;
Bobadilla’s arrival, 375-383;
departure of Columbus, 391 n.
Santo Tomas, island, 187, 188, 189, 198, 199, 208.
São Thiago, Columbus at, 324 n., 325-326.
Saometo, see Isabella, island.
Saona, 322.
Sara, Punta, 349.
Scotland, and Thorstein the Red, 14.
Seca, Punta, 220, 349.
Sera, distance from Cape St. Vincent, estimated by Ptolemy, 397 n.
Sesua, Punta, 220 n.
Seven Cities, myth, and John Cabot’s voyage, 425.
Seville, letter of Dr. Chanca to Cabildo of, 280-313.
Sierpe, Boca de la, named, 340;
mentioned, 354.
Sierpe, Cabo de, 211.
Siete Hermanos, Los, 212 n.
Sigrid, wife of Thorstein of Lysufirth, death, 27, 28.
Sigurd the Mighty, Earl, 14.
Skagafirth, Karlsefni arrives at, 65.
Skalholt, Bishop of, ordered to inquire into affairs of Gardar bishopric, 73.
Skalholt annals, extract, 69.
Skrellings, 11;
appearance, 36;
trade with Northmen, 37;
attack Northmen, 38-39;
of Markland, 41;
attack Thorvald, 55;
trade with Thorfinn Karlsefni, 60;
attack Thorfinn Karlsefni, 61-62.
Slave-trade, Indian, 378.
Slavery, Indian, and Columbus, 344.
Snaefell, Eric sails to, 17, 46.
Snaefells-iokul, Eric sails from, 17, 46.
Snaefellsness, 18.
Snorri, son of Thorfinn Karlsefni, 41, 43, 60, 66.
Snorri, Thorbrand’s son, 30;
accompanies Thorfinn Karlsefni to Greenland, 30;
accompanies Thorfinn Karlsefni to Vinland, 31, 35-36, 38-39.
Snorri Thorbrandsson, saga of Thorfinn Karlsefni and, see Eric the Red, saga of.
Social life in Greenland in tenth century, soothsaying, 21-23;
Yule feast, 31.
Sol, Rio del, 143.
Solvi, settles in Greenland, 47.
Soncino, Raimondo de, first letter to Duke of Milan, 424-425;
second letter, 425-429.
Soothsaying, an exhibition in Greenland, 21-23.
South America, Columbus on coast, 331-363;
explorations of Hojeda and Pinzon, 360 n.;
Earthly Paradise, 364-365;
first settlement of Spaniards, 403 n.;
and Asia, 397 n.
Spain, Columbus’s suggestions of colonial policy for, 160, 273-277;
and Demarcation Line, 323, 416 n., 430;
and Columbus’s discoveries, 351, 352, 360-361, 363-364, 390.
Spice Islands, Cipango confused by Cabot with, 427 n.
Spice trade of the East, 427 n.
Stokkaness, Thorbiorn settles at, 23.
Straumey, 33.
Straumfiord, 34. See Streamfirth.
Streamfirth, arrival of Thorfinn Karlsefni and Snorri, 39;
Thorfinn Karlsefni in, 41;
arrival of ship from Greenland, 69.
Styr Thorgrimsson, 16, 45;
accompanies Eric on voyage, 45.
Sudrey, 16.
Sutherland, conquered by Thorstein the Red and Earl Sigurd the Mighty, 14.
Svend Estridson, king of Denmark, 67, 68.
Tajado, Cabo, 220.
Tanais, country of, 426.
Tapion, Rio, 212 n.
Taxamo, Puerto de, 147 n.
Tello, Gomez, appointed receiver of royal dues, 275 n.
Tenerife, Columbus near, 93.
Terceira, Pedro Alonso Niño near, 236.
Testigos, Los, discovered, 356.
Thiodhild, see Thorhild.
Thorbiorg, called Little Sibyl, prophesies, 21-23.
Thorbiorn, Vifil’s son, 15, 16;
gives feasts, 19, 20;
goes to Greenland, 20;
sails to Brattahlid, 23;
mentioned, 26, 27, 45;
death, 29.
Thorbiorn Gleamer, settles in Greenland, 47.
Thorbrand, of Alptafirth, sons of, 16.
Thorbrand, son of Snorri, 38.
Thord of Höfdi, descendants, 30.
Thord the Yeller, sons of, 16, 45.
Thorfinn Karlsefni, and Hauk’s book, 5;
and North America, 11;
date of voyages, 12, 43 n.;
in Greenland, 30-31;
marries Gudrid, 31, 59;
voyage, 31-42, 59-62;
in Norway, 65;
in Iceland, 43, 65;
descendants, 43-44, 66.
Thorfinn Karlsefni, saga of, see Eric the Red, saga of.
Thorgeir of Hitardal, 16, 45.
Thorgeir of Thorgeirsfell, 18.
Thorgeir, Vifil’s son, in Iceland, 15;
marriage, 18.
Thorgest, quarrels with Eric the Red, 16, 45;
defeats Eric, 17.
Thorgils, son of Leif, 24.
Thorgunna, 24.
Thorhall the Huntsman, 30;
accompanies expedition of Thorfinn Karlsefni, 32;
asks aid of Thor, 34;
sails in search of Vinland, 34-35;
fate, 35;
Thorstein Karlsefni goes in search of, 39.
Thorhild, wife of Eric, 15, 23, 45;
embraces Christianity, 26.
Thori Eastman, in Greenland, 54;
death, 54.
Thorkel, entertains Thorbiorn, 20-21.
Thorlak, Bishop, 43 n.
Thorsnessthing, 16, 45.
Thorstein Ericson, 23;
leads expedition towards land discovered by Leif, 26, 56;
failure, 27, 56-57;
weds Gudrid, 27, 56;
in Western Settlement, 27, 57;
death, 28-58;
prophecy of Gudrid’s fate, 29, 58, 59;
mentioned, 48.
Thorstein of Lysufirth, entertains Thorstein Ericson and Gudrid, 27-28, 57-58;
accompanies Gudrid to Ericsfirth, 59.
Thorstein the Red, and Scots, 14.
Thorvald, father of Eric, goes to Iceland, 15, 45.
Thorvald, son of Eric, and the Uniped, 40;
mentioned, 48;
voyage to Wineland, 54-56;
death, 56.
Thorvald Kodransson, 46.
Thorvard, accompanies expedition of Karlsefni, 32;
marriage, 48;
and death of Helgi and Finnbogi, 64.
Thurid, daughter of Eyvind Easterling, 14.
Thurid, daughter of Thorbiorn Vifilson, see Gudrid.
Tobacco-smoking, earliest reference, 141 n.
Torres, Antonio de, sent back to Spain, 312 n.;
mentioned, 369;
and Columbus’s letter to sovereigns concerning Demarcation Line, 382.
Torres, Doña Juana de, Columbus’s letter to, 369-383.
Torres, Luis de, sent ashore at Cuba, 136.
Torres, Cabo de, 187, 188.
Tortuga Island, 168, 172, 174;
Columbus reaches, 178;
described, 179;
natives, 180, 183;
reports of gold, 184.
Toscanelli map, 101 n.
Tradir, Eric at, 16.
Tramontana, La, island, 348, 349.
Triana, Rodrigo de, sights land, 109.
Trinidad, discovered, 331;
Columbus seeks harbor, 333;
size, 334, 340;
Columbus’s crew lands, 335;
Indians, 335-336;
climate, 337;
fruits, 338;
animals, 338-339.
Trivigliano, Angelo, letters of, mentioned, 318.
Turuqueira, 290.
Tyrker, accompanies Leif on voyage of discovery, 50;
in Vinland, 52-53.
“Uniped” episode, 40.
Uvægi, 41.
Vætilldi, 41.
Valldidida, reported to be a king of the Skrellings, 41.
Valle del Paraiso, 180.
Valparaiso, Portugal, Columbus at, 254.
Valthiof, and Eric the Red, 16.
Valthiofsstadir, landslide caused by Eric’s thralls at, 15.
Vatnshorn, 15, 16, 45.
Veragua, report of mines, 394;
Columbus reaches, 400-401;
explored, 401;
mines found, 401;
natives, 401-402;
signs of gold, 411;
advantages for settlement, 411-412;
and Columbus’s mythological geography, 413;
gold of Quibian, 414;
official appointments, 415.
Verde, Cabo, 129.
Verde, Simone, letter of, mentioned, 318.
Vespucci, Amerigo, and naming of America, 359 n.
Vifil, freed by Aud, 15.
Vifilsdal, given by Aud to Vifil, 15.
Vinland, and Northmen, sources, 3-13;
verity of tradition, 4, 7-8, 11, 13;
natives, 10-11;
chronology of voyages, 12, 43 n.;
Leif’s discovery, 25, 50-54;
Thorstein Ericson’s attempt, 26-27;
voyage of Biarni Herjulfson, 47-49;
Thorvald’s voyage, 54-56;
Thorfinn Karlsefni’s expedition, 31-42, 59-62;
expedition of Finnbogi and Freydis, 62-64;
described by Adam of Bremen, 67;
Bishop Eric’s expedition, 69.
Voyages, Gunnbiorn, 16, 46;
Eric the Red, 16-17, 45-46;
Leif Ericson, 25, 50-54;
Thorstein Ericson, 26-27;
Biarni Herjulfson, 47-49;
Thorvald, 54-56;
Thorfinn Karlsefni, 31-42, 59-62;
Finnbogi and Freydis, 62-64;
Bishop Eric, 69;
Columbus’s first, 89-258, 263-272;
second, 278-313;
third, 314-366;
fourth, 389-418;
John Cabot (1497), 423-424.
Watling Island, 110 n.
Wonder-strands, 33, 34, 35.
Xamaná, 295, 297.
Xaraguá, 345;
and Adrian de Muxica’s revolt, 374, 375.
Yamaye, see Jamaica.
Yaquino, port, 365, 391 n.
Yazual, Isla, see Padre y Hijo, Cabo de.
Yebra, river, 401 n.
Ysabeta, island, 347, 349, 350.
Yuyapari, 334, 339, 340, 349, 350, 353.
Zayto, and Columbus’s belief that he had reached Asia, 136.
Zuruquia, 297.
Transcriber’s Note
The following errors and inconsistencies have been maintained.
Misspelled words and typographical errors:
Page Error
101 “certainis lands” for “certain islands”
221, fn. 5 A . was omitted after “by Columbus”
229, fn. 2 “Cabod el Engaño” should read “Cabo del Engaño” (258)
268, fn. 2 “Historia de las Reyes Catolicos” should read “Historia de los Reyes Catolicos”
295, fn. 6 "October 21. and note" should have a comma after 21
329, fn. 6 Columbiana for Colombiana
359, fn. 2 “et seq.” for “et seqq.”
373, fn. 4 "III. 23-42 He was" is missing a . after 42
405, fn. 3 p. 301, note 1, should read p. 391, note 1
411 “during fours years” for “during four years”
The following words were inconsistently spelled:
Acul / Acúl Arna-Magnæan / Arne-Magnæan Christóbal / Cristóbal Encyclopædia / Encyclopaedia Ericson / Ericsson Guacanagari / Guacanagarí Maicí / Maici mother-of-pearl / mother-o’-pearl Pinzon / Pinzón Santa Maria / Santa María Skalholt / Skálholt Snaefell / Snæfell Tenerife / Teneriffe Xaragua / Xaraguá Yuyapari / Yuyaparí
The following words had inconsistent hyphenation:
bedchamber / bed-chamber crossbow / cross-bow flood tide / flood-tide highborn / high-born Horsehead / Horse-head housewife / house-wife landslide / land-slide lookout / look-out nightfall / night-fall northeast / north-east northwest / north-west sandbanks / sand-banks sawmills / saw-mills shipmates / ship-mates shipworm / ship-worm southwest / south-west stockfish / stock-fish Streamfirth / Stream-firth Thorsnessthing / Thorsness-thing Wonderstrands / Wonder-strands