ILLUSTRATIONS

FULL-PAGE PLATES REPRODUCING PHOTOGRAPHIC ENLARGEMENTS COLORED BY HAND

the five flags at the poleFrontispiece.

Facing Page

portrait of robert e. peary in his actual north pole costumeviii

stellar projection, showing the relation of the polar sea to the various continents and the route of the expeditionxxxii

eskimo dogs of the expedition (246 in all) on small island. etah fjord74

captain bartlett and his party (a typical unit division of the expedition)140

illumination of the Roosevelt in winter quarters on a moonlight night162

a typical example of the difficulties of working sledges over a pressure ridge240

crossing a lead on an ice cake as a ferry-boat306

BLACK AND WHITE ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS

Facing Page

george a. wardwell, chief engineer16

banks scott, second engineer16

robert a. bartlett, master16

thomas gushue, mate16

charles percy, steward16

professor ross g. marvin, assistant17

george borup, assistant17

donald b. macmillan, assistant17

dr. j. w. goodsell, surgeon17

snowy owl, cape sheridan36

brant goose37

sabine's gull37

red-throated diver, male and female37

king eider, drake37

eskimos coming off to the Roosevelt in kayaks42

the midnight sun as seen in the whale sound region42

eskimo in kayak43

the ice-cliffs of hubbard glacier52

peary distributing utensils to wives of his hunters at etah53

deck scene on the Roosevelt53

eskimo mother and child60

eskimo children61

kudlah, alias "misfortune," with puppies61

king eskimo dog70

the dog market at cape york71

the whale-boat returning to the ship from the walrus hunt71

the cape jesup grenadiers71

hoisting a walrus to the deck of the Roosevelt86

a narwhal killed off cape union, july, 1909. the most northerly specimen ever captured87

captain bartlett in the crow's nest104

tabular iceberg and floe-ice105

the Roosevelt drying out her sails at cape sheridan, september, 1908122

the Roosevelt on september 12, 1908, marie ahnighito peary's birthday123

"peary" sledges on board the Roosevelt123

view between the Roosevelt and cape columbia136

eskimo type of sledge used on journey137

"peary" type of sledge137

polar bear, arranged by "frozen taxidermy" and photographed by flashlight144

family group of peary caribou (Rangifer Pearyi), arranged by "frozen taxidermy" and photographed by flashlight145

head of bull musk-ox killed on parry peninsula152

herd of musk-oxen rounded up153

weesharkoopsi and musk-ox calf156

bear killed in clements markham inlet156

musk-ox heads in the rigging of the Roosevelt157

caribou heads in the rigging of the Roosevelt157

crane city, cape columbia, at the time of departure march 1, 1909192

face of the land ice, "glacial fringe," off cape columbia193

pinnacle near the shore193

typical trail in soft snow (looking backward)208

typical view of the ice of the arctic ocean north of grant land209

typical camp on the ice209

working through an expanse of rough ice216

passing through a defile in rough ice217

approaching a lead through rough ice224

stopped by open water225

athletic sports at the lead camp232

pickaxing a road through zone of rough ice232

a characteristic view of the expedition on the march in fine weather233

repairing sledges in camp248

marvin taking an observation in a snow shelter249

crossing a large lake of young ice, north of 87°264

camp at 85° 48´ north, march 22, 1909265

a momentary halt in the lee of a big hummock north of 88°265

bartlett and his party ready to start back from 87° 47´ north, april 1, 1909270

cutting blocks of snow for igloos at next to last camp, 89° 25´ north271

the halt for lunch in last forced march, 89° 25´ to 89° 57´, showing alcohol stoves in snow shelter284

camp morris k. jesup, 89° 57´, april 6 and 7, 1909285

the reconnoitering party at the pole288

the double team of dogs used with the reconnoitering sledge at the pole, showing their alertness and good condition289

peary with chronometer, sextant, and artificial horizon at the pole290

peary taking an observation at the pole, with artificial horizon, in a snow shelter290

peary's igloo at camp morris k. jesup, april 6, 1909; the most northerly human habitation in the world291

members of the party cheering the stars and stripes at the pole, april 7, 1909294

returning to camp with the flags, april 7, 1909294

the four north pole eskimos295

egingwah searching the horizon for land298

peary searching the horizon for land298

looking toward cape chelyuskin299

looking toward spitzbergen299

looking toward cape columbia299

looking toward bering strait299

attempted sounding, april 7, 1909302

actual sounding, five miles south of the pole, april 7, 1909, 1500 fathoms (9000 ft.) no bottom303

swinging an ice cake across a lead to form an impromptu bridge308

passing over the bridge309

sounding312

breaking camp. pushing the sledges up to the tired dogs312

last camp on the ice on the return313

back on the "glacial fringe"313

approaching the peaks of cape columbia over the surface of the "glacial fringe"318

crane city at cape columbia, on the return318

egingwah before starting on the sledge trip319

egingwah after the return from the trip319

ootah before starting on the sledge trip319

ootah after the return from the sledge trip319

permanent monument erected at cape columbia to mark point of departure and return of north pole sledge party324

peary cairn at cape morris k. jesup as photographed by macmillan and borup325

memorial erected to the memory of professor ross g. marvin at cape sheridan325

the special great gold medal of the national geographic society of washington364

the special great gold medal of the royal geographical society of london365

Note.—The general plan of illustration is based on an unusually close adherence to the negatives, as giving more interesting and valuable results. Many of the most important pictures are from photographs not retouched in the least, e.g., those facing pages 270, 284, 290, etc. In others the sky-line has been indicated, e.g., those facing pages 208, 271, 299 (top), etc.; but change of no other sort has been made except to remove specks and other similar mechanical defects not widely extended. The color-plates are, of course, exceptions requiring special treatment. The Publishers