BOOK VI[427] (continued 2)

"Here is the stranger."

And the chief replied:

"Child, bring the man into the hut."

The stranger entered, under the protection of the child, and sat down by the ashes on the hearth. The women sang the song of consolation:

The stranger has found a mother and a wife; the sun will rise and set for him as of old.

These customs seem borrowed from the Greeks: Themistocles, visiting Admetus, kisses the Penates and his host's young son (I have possibly at Megara trod upon the poor wife's hearthstone beneath which Phocion's cinerary urn lay concealed[478]); and Ulysses, visiting Alcinous, implores Arete:

"Noble Arete, daughter of Rhexenor, after suffering cruel ills, I throw myself at your feet[479]."

Having spoken these words, the hero goes towards the hearth and seats himself by the ashes.

I took leave of the old chief. He had been present at the capture of Quebec. In the shameful years of the reign of Louis XV., the episode of the Canadian War comes to our consolation as though it were a page from our ancient history discovered in the Tower of London.

Montcalm[480], left to defend Canada unaided against forces often relieved and four times his own in number, fights successfully for two whole years; he defeats Lord Loudon[481] and General Abercromby[482]. At last fortune forsakes him; he falls wounded beneath the walls of Quebec, and two days later breathes his last: his Grenadiers bury him in a hole dug by a shell, a grave worthy of the honour of our arms! His noble enemy Wolfe[483] dies facing him; he pays with his own life for Montcalm's life and for the glory of expiring upon a few French flags.

*

Once more my guide and I mounted our horses. Our road became more difficult and was marked only by some felled trees. The trunks of these trees served as bridges over the streams or as hurdles in the bogs. The American population was at that time moving towards the Genesee grants. These grants were sold at prices more or less high according to the goodness of the soil, the quality of the trees, the current and abundance of the water.

It has been observed that colonists are often preceded in the woods by bees: these are the van-guard of the tillers of the soil, and the symbols of the industry and civilization whose coming they proclaim. Foreign to America, these peaceful conquerors came in the wake of Columbus' sails, and have robbed a new world of flowers of those treasures only of whose use the natives were ignorant; nor have they employed those treasures other than to enrich the soil whence they derived them.

The clearings along both sides of the road which I travelled displayed a curious mixture of the state of nature and the state of civilization. In one comer of a wood which had never known any sound save the yells of the savage and the belling of the stag, one came across a ploughed field; one saw from the same point of view the wigwam of an Indian and the dwelling of a planter. Some of these dwellings, when completed, reminded one of the neatness of the Dutch farm-houses; others were only half finished, and had nothing but the sky for a roof.

Indians and settlers.

I was welcomed in these dwellings, the results of a morning's work; often I would find a family displaying European elegancies, mahogany furniture, a piano, carpets, mirrors, at a few steps from the hut of an Iroquois. In the evening, when the farm-servants returned from working in the woods or fields with the axe or the hoe, the windows were opened. My host's daughters, with their beautiful fair hair dressed in ringlets, would sing, to the accompaniment of the piano, the duet from Paisiello's[484] Pandolfetto or some cantabile by Cimarosa[485], all in full view of the wilderness, and sometimes to the murmuring sound of a waterfall.

Small market-towns rose in the better districts. The spire of a new steeple shot up from the midst of an old forest. The English are accompanied by English customs wherever they go: after crossing districts containing no trace of habitation, I came upon the sign of an inn swinging from the bough of a tree. Hunters, planters, and Indians mingled at these caravansaries: the first time I rested there, I swore that it should be the last.

It so happened that, on entering one of these hostelries, I stood dumfoundered at the sight of a huge bed set up in a circle around a post: each traveller took a place in this bed, with his feet against the post in the centre and his head on the circumference of the circle, so that the sleepers were arranged symmetrically, like the spokes of a wheel or the sticks of a fan. After a momentary hesitation, I got into this affair because I saw no one there. I was just falling asleep, when I felt something sliding against me: it was the leg of my big Dutchman; I never in my life experienced a greater fright. I sprang out of the hospitable work-basket, cordially cursing the customs of our good ancestors. I went and slept in my cloak by the moonlight: this companion of the traveller's bed had at least nothing but was agreeable, and fresh, and sweet.

On the bank of the Genesee we found a ferry-boat. A troop of colonials and Indians crossed the river with us. We camped in meadows bright with butterflies and flowers. With our varied costumes, grouped around our several fires, and our horses tethered or grazing, we looked like a caravan. I there first met the rattlesnake, which allows itself to be bewitched by the sound of a flute. The Greeks would have turned my Canadian into Orpheus; the flute into a lyre; the snake into Cerberus, or, possibly, Eurydice.

*

We rode towards Niagara. When we had come within a distance of eight or nine leagues of our destination, we perceived, in an oak grove, the camp-fire of some savages, who had settled down on the bank of a stream where we ourselves were thinking of bivouacking. We took advantage of their preparations: after grooming our horses and dressing ourselves for the night, we accosted the band. With legs crossed tailor-wise, we sat down among the Indians around the blazing pile, and began to roast our maize cakes.

The family consisted of two women, two infants at the breast, and three braves. The conversation became general, that is to say, interspersed with a few words on my side and many gestures; after that, each fell asleep in the place where he sat I alone remained awake, and went to sit by myself on a root trailing by the bank of the stream.

The Falls of Niagara.

The moon showed above the tops of the trees; a balmy breeze, which the Queen of the Night brought with her from the East, seemed to go before her through the forests, as though it were her cool breath. The solitary luminary climbed higher and higher in the sky, now pursuing her even way, again surmounting clusters of clouds, which resembled the summits of a snow-clad mountain-chain. All would have been silence and repose, but for the fall of a few leaves, the passing of a sudden gust of wind, the hooting of the wood-owl; in the distance was heard the dull roar of the Falls of Niagara, which, in the calm of night, extended from waste to waste and expired in the lonely forests. It was during those nights that an unknown muse appeared to me; I gathered some of her accents; I marked them on my tables, by the light of the stars, as a vulgar musician might write down the notes dictated to him by some great master of harmony.

The next day, the Indians armed themselves, the women collected the baggage. I distributed a little gunpowder and vermilion among my hosts. We parted, touching our foreheads and breasts; the braves shouted the order to march and walked in front; the women went behind, carrying the children, who, slung in furs on their mothers' backs, turned their heads to look at us. I followed this progress with my eyes until the whole band had disappeared among the trees of the forest.

The savages of the Falls of Niagara in the English dominion were entrusted with the police service of the frontier on that side. This outlandish constabulary, armed with bows and arrows, prevented our passage. I was obliged to send the Dutchman to the fort of Niagara for a permit in order to enter the territory of the British government. This saddened my heart a little, for I remembered that formerly France had ruled in both Upper and Lower Canada. My guide returned with the permit: I still have it; it is signed, "Captain Gordon." Is it not strange that I should have found the same English name on the door of my cell in Jerusalem? "Thirteen pilgrims had inscribed their names on the door and walls of the chamber: the first was called Charles Lombard, who visited Jerusalem in 1669; the last was John Gordon, and the date of his passage is 1804[486]."

*

I stayed two days in the Indian village, whence I wrote another letter to M. de Malesherbes. The Indian women busied themselves with different occupations; their nurslings were slung in nets from the branches of a tall purple beech. The grass was covered with dew, the wind issued all perfumed from the woods, and the cotton-plants of the country, throwing back their capsules, looked like white rose-trees. The breeze rocked the cradles in mid-air with an almost imperceptible movement; the mothers stood up from time to time to see if their children were asleep and had not been awakened by the birds.

From the Indian village to the cataract was some three or four leagues: it took my guide and me as many hours to reach it. Already at six miles' distance, a column of vapour indicated the situation of the weir to my eyes. My heart beat with joy mingled with terror, as I entered the wood that concealed from my view one of the grandest spectacles which nature has offered to mankind.

We dismounted. Leading our horses by the bridle, we passed through heaths and thickets until we came to the bank of the Niagara River, seven or eight hundred paces above the falls. As I never ceased going forward, the guide caught me by the arm; he stopped me on the very edge of the water, which passed with the swiftness of an arrow. It did not seethe, but glided in one sole mass to the slope of the rock; its silence before its fall contrasted with the uproar of the fall itself. The Scriptures often compare a people to the mighty waters: here it was a dying people which, deprived of its voice by the agony of death, went to hurl itself into the abyss of eternity.

The guide continued to hold me back, for I felt, so to speak, drawn on by the stream, and I had an involuntary longing to fling myself in. At one time, I would turn my eyes up the river, to the banks; at another, down to the island which divided the waters. Here the waters suddenly failed, as though cut off in the sky.

After a quarter of an hour of vague and perplexed admiration, I went on to the falls. The reader will find in the Essai sur les révolutions[487] and in Atala[488] the two descriptions which I have written of the scene. Today, high-roads run to the cataract; there are inns on the American side and on the English side, and mills and factories overhang the chasm.

I was unable to utter the thoughts that stirred me at the sight of so sublime a disorder. In the desert of my early life, I was obliged to invent persons to adorn it; I drew from my own substance beings whom I did not find elsewhere and whom I carried within myself. In the same way, I have placed memories of Atala and René on the edge of the cataract of Niagara, as the expression of its sadness. What meaning has a cascade which falls eternally in the unfeeling sight of heaven and earth, if human nature be not there, with its destinies and its misfortunes? To be steeped in this solitude of water and mountains and not to know with whom to speak of that great spectacle! To have the waves, the rocks, the woods, the torrents to one's self alone! Give the soul a companion, and the smiling verdure of the hill-slopes, the cool breath of the water, will all turn into charm: the journey by day, the sweetest repose at the end of the day's march, the gliding over the billows, the sleeping upon the moss, will call forth from the heart its deepest tenderness. I have seated Velléda upon the shores of Armorica, Cymodocea beneath the porticoes of Athens, Blanca in the halls of the Alhambra. Alexander created towns wheresoever he hastened: I have left dreams behind me wherever I have dragged my life.

I have seen the cascades of the Alps with their chamois and those of the Pyrenees with their izards; I did not go sufficiently high up the Nile to meet its cataracts, which are reduced to rapids; I will not speak of the azure zones of Terni or of Tivoli, graceful fragments of ruins or subjects for the poet's song:

Et præceps Anio ac Tiburni lucus[489].

Niagara eclipses everything. I gazed upon the cataract the existence of which was revealed to the old world, not by puny travellers like myself, but by missionaries who, seeking solitude for the love of God, flung themselves upon their knees at the sight of some marvel of nature and received martyrdom while completing their hymn of admiration. Our priests greeted the fine sites of America and consecrated them with their blood; our soldiers clapped their hands at the ruins of Thebes and presented arms to Andalusia: the whole genius of France lies in the double army of our camps and of our altars.

Two hair-breadth escapes.

I was holding my horse's bridle twisted round my arm; a rattlesnake came and rustled in the bushes. The startled horse reared and backed towards the falls. I was unable to release my arm from the reins; the horse, still more terrified, was dragging me after it. Already its fore-feet were off the ground; cowering over the edge of the abyss, it maintained its position only by the strength of its loins. It was all up with me, when the animal, itself astonished at its fresh peril, gave a sudden turn and vaulted inwards. Had my soul left my body amidst the Canadian woods, would it have carried to the Supreme Tribunal the sacrifices, the good works, the virtues of the Pères Jogues[490] and Lallemant[491], or empty days and wretched idle fancies?

This was not the only danger I encountered at Niagara. A ladder of creepers was used by the savages to climb down to the lower basin; it was at that time broken. Wishing to see the falls from below, I ventured, in the face of my guide's representations, down the side of an almost perpendicular rock. In spite of the roar of the water which seethed below me, I kept my head and climbed down to within forty feet of the bottom. When I had reached so far, the bare and vertical rock gave me nothing to lay hold of; I was left hanging by one hand to the last root, feeling my fingers open beneath the weight of my body: few men have spent two such minutes, as I counted them. My tired hand let go; I fell. By an unparalleled stroke of good fortune, I found myself upon the pointed back of a rock upon which I ought to have been smashed into a thousand pieces, and yet I felt no great hurt; I was at half a foot from the abyss and had not rolled into it; but when the cold and the damp began to penetrate me, I saw that I had not come off so cheaply: my left arm was broken above the elbow. The guide, who was watching me from above and saw my signals of distress, ran off to fetch some savages. They hoisted me with ropes along an otter's path, and carried me to their village. I had only a simple fracture: two splints, a bandage and a sling were enough to effect my cure.

*

I stayed twelve days with my surgeons, the Niagara Indians. I saw tribes pass which had come down from Detroit or from the districts lying south and east of Lake Erie. I inquired into their usages; in return for small presents, I was given representations of their former customs, for the customs themselves no longer exist. Nevertheless, at the commencement of the War of American Independence, the savages still ate the prisoners, or rather the killed: an English captain, helping himself to soup with a ladle from an Indian stew-pot, drew out a hand.

The practices attendant upon birth and death have lost least, because these do not pass lightly like the life which divides them; they are not things of fashion that come and go. The Indians still bestow upon the new-born, in order to do him honour, the name of the oldest person under his roof: his grandmother, for instance; for the names are always taken in the maternal line. From that time forward, the child fills the place of the woman whose name it has taken; in speaking to it, they give it the degree of relationship which the name revives; thus an uncle might address his nephew by the title of "grandmother." This apparently ludicrous custom is nevertheless touching. It restores the old dead to life; it reproduces the weakness of the last in the weakness of the earliest years; it brings closer the two extremities of life, the commencement and the end of the family; it confers a kind of immortality upon the ancestors and implies that they are present in the midst of their posterity.

The Niagara indians.

In what regards the dead, it is easy to find motives for the savage's attachment to sacred relics. Civilized nations are able to preserve the memory of their country by means of the mnemonics of literature and the arts: they have cities, palaces, towers, columns, obelisks; they have the track of the plough in fields once cultivated; their names are carved in marble and brass, their actions recorded in the chronicles.

The desert peoples have none of these advantages: their names are not written upon the trees; their huts, built in a few hours, disappear in a few moments; the butt of their ploughing only grazes the ground, and is not able even to raise a furrow. Their traditional songs perish with the last memory which retains them, and die away with the last voice which repeats them. The tribes of the New World, therefore, have but one monument: the tomb. Take away from savages the bones of their fathers, and you take away their history, their laws, and their very gods; you rob those men, in the future generations, of the proofs both of their existence and of their annihilation.

I wished to hear my hosts' songs. A little Indian girl of fourteen, called Mila and very pretty (the Indian women are pretty only at that age) sang something very pleasant. Was it not perchance the canzonet quoted by Montaigne? "Adder stay, stay good adder, that my sister may by the patterne of thy partie-coloured coat drawe the fashion and worke of a rich lace, for me to give unto my love; so may thy beautie, thy nimblenesse or disposition be ever preferred before all other serpents[492]."

The author of the Essaies saw Iroquois at Rouen, who, according to him, were "not verie ill; but what," he adds, "of that? They weare no kinde of breeches nor hosen[493]!"

If ever I publish the Στρωματεὶς or patchwork of my youth, to talk like St. Clement of Alexandria[494] you shall there see Mila[495].

The Canadians are no longer the same as when they were described by Cartier, Champlain[496], La Hontan[497], Lescarbot[498], Lafitau[499], Charlevoix[500], and the Lettres édifiantes; the sixteenth century and the commencement of the seventeenth were still the time of a boundless imagination and ingenuous customs: the marvel of the first reflected a virgin nature, and the candour of the second reproduced the simplicity of the savage. Champlain tells us at the end of his first journey to Canada, in 1603, that "near Chaleur Bay, verging to the south, there is an island where dwells a frightful monster which the savages call Gougou."

Canada had its giant as well as the Cape of Storms. Homer is the true father of all these inventions; it is always the Cyclopes, Scylla and Charybdis, ogres or gougous.

The savage population of North America, not including the Mexicans and Esquimaux, does not today amount to four hundred thousand souls on either side of the Rocky Mountains; there are travellers who put it so low as one hundred and fifty thousand. The degradation of Indian manners has kept pace with the depopulation of the tribes. Their religious traditions have become confused; the instruction spread by the Canadian Jesuits has mixed foreign ideas with the inborn ideas of the natives: through their rude fables, one sees the Christian beliefs disfigured; the majority of the savages wear crosses by way of ornaments, and the Protestant traders sell them what the Catholic missionaries give them. Let us say at once, to the honour of our country and to the glory of our religion, that the Indians had become greatly attached to us; that they never cease to regret us; and that a "black robe," or missionary, is still an object of veneration in the forests of America. The savage continues to love us under the tree where we were his first guests, on the soil which we have trod, where we have left tombs in his care.

When the Indian was naked or clad in skins, he had something great and noble about him; at present, rags of European clothing, without covering his nakedness, bear witness to his destitution: he is a beggar at the door of a counting-house, he is no longer the savage in his forest

Lastly, a kind of hybrid people has been formed, born of colonial fathers and Indian mothers. These men, called "Burnt-woods," because of the colour of their skin, act as brokers between the authors of their dual origin. They speak the language of their fathers and of their mothers, and have the vices of both races. These bastards of civilized and of savage nature sell themselves to the Americans and the English by turns, to hand over to them the monopoly of the fur-trade; they keep alive the rivalry between the English companies, the Hudson's Bay Company and the North-West Fur Company, and the American companies, the Columbian American Fur Company, the Missouri Fur Company and others: they themselves go hunting for account of the traders and with hunters paid by the companies.

The Wars of the Companies.

The great war of American Independence is the only one which people know of. They are ignorant of the fact that blood has been shed on behalf of the paltry interests of a handful of merchants. The Hudson's Bay Company in 1811 sold to Lord Selkirk[501] a tract of land on the bank of the Red River. The North-West or Canadian Company took umbrage at this transaction. The two companies, allied to various Indian tribes and seconded by the "Burnt-woods," came to blows. This domestic conflict, so horrible in its details, took place on the frozen wastes of Hudson's Bay. Lord Selkirk's colony was destroyed in the month of June 1815[502], at the exact period of the Battle of Waterloo. Upon those two theatres, one so brilliant, the other so obscure, the misfortunes of the human species were the same.

Seek no longer in America the skillfully constructed political constitutions of which Charlevoix has written the history: the monarchy of the Hurons, the republic of the Iroquois. A somewhat similar destruction has been accomplished and is still being accomplished in Europe under our very eyes; a Prussian poet, at a banquet of the Teutonic Order, held about the year 1400, sang in old Prussian the heroic deeds of the ancient warriors of his country: no one present understood him, and he received one hundred empty walnuts by way of recompense. Today, the language of Lower Brittany, the Basque and Gaelic languages, are dying out from cottage to cottage, keeping pace with the deaths of the goatherds and husbandmen.

In the English County of Cornwall, the language of the natives became extinct about the year 1676. A fisherman said to some travellers:

"I know hardly more than four or five persons who speak Cornish, and they are old folk like myself, between sixty and eighty years of age; none of the young people know a word of it."

Whole tribes of the Orinoco have ceased to exist; of their dialect there remain but a dozen words articulated in the tree-tops by parrots that have regained their freedom, like Agrippina's thrush, which warbled Greek words upon the balustrades of the Roman palaces. This, sooner or later, will be the fate of our modern jargons, the remains of Latin and Greek. Some raven escaped from the cage of the last Franco-Gallic curate will say, from the top of a ruined steeple, to peoples that shall be foreign to our successors:

"Accept these last strains of a voice once known to you; you will put an end to all this talk."

It is well worth while to be Bossuet, so that, in the ultimate event, your masterpiece may survive, in the recollection of a bird, your language and your memory among men!

*

When speaking of Canada and Louisiana, when considering on the old maps the extent of the former French colonies in America, I asked myself how the government of my country could have suffered the loss of those colonies, which would be an inexhaustible source of prosperity for us at this day.

From Arcadia[503] and Canada to Louisiana, from the mouth of the St. Lawrence to the mouth of the Mississippi, the territory of "New France" surrounded what formed the confederation of the first thirteen United States: the eleven others[504], together with the District of Columbia, the North-Western Territory, the Territories of Michigan, Missouri, Oregon, and Arkansas either belonged to us or would now belong to us, as they belong to the United States by the cessions of the English and Spaniards, our successors in Canada and Louisiana[505]. The country enclosed by the Atlantic on the north-east, the Arctic Ocean on the north, the Pacific Ocean and the Russian possessions on the north-west, and the Gulf of Mexico on the south, in other words more than two-thirds of North America, would now be recognizing the laws of France.

Former French possessions.

I fear that the Restoration will ruin itself through holding ideas contrary to those which I have here expressed: the mania for adhering to the past, a mania which I never cease impugning, would be in no sense fatal if it subverted only myself, by robbing me of the Sovereign's favour; but it may yet subvert the Throne. Political stagnation is impossible; it is absolutely necessary to keep pace with human intelligence. Let us respect the majesty of time; let us reverentially contemplate past centuries, rendered sacred by the memory and the footsteps of our fathers: but let us not try to go back to them, for they no longer possess a vestige of our real nature, and if we endeavoured to seize hold of them, they would fade away. The Chapter of Our Lady of Aix-la-Chapelle caused the tomb of Charlemagne[506] to be opened, we are told, about the year 1450. The Emperor was found seated in a gilt chair, holding in his skeleton hands the Book of the Gospels written in letters of gold; before him were laid his sceptre and his golden buckler; by his side hung his sword "Joyeuse," sheathed in a golden scabbard. He was clad in the imperial robes. On his head, which was held erect by a golden chain, was a winding-sheet covering what had been his face and surmounted by a crown. They touched the phantom: it crumbled into dust.

We once possessed vast countries beyond the seas: they offered a refuge for our surplus population, markets for our commerce, stations for our navy. We are now excluded from the new world in which the human race is beginning life afresh: in Africa, Asia, Oceania, in the South Sea Islands, on the continent of North and South America, the English, Portuguese, and Spanish languages serve to interpret the thoughts of many millions of men; and we, disinherited of the conquests of our valour and our genius, scarce hear the tongue of Colbert and Louis XIV. spoken in some petty market-town of Louisiana or Canada, under a foreign government: it lingers there only as a witness to the reverses of our fortune and the errors of our policy.

And who is the king whose dominion now succeeds the dominion of the King of France in the forests of Canada? He who yesterday caused this note to be sent to me:

"Royal Lodge, Windsor,

"4 June 1822.

"Monsieur le Vicomte,

"I am commanded by the King to invite Your Excellency to dine and sleep here on Thursday the 6th instant.

"Your Excellency's most humble and obedient servant,

"Francis Conyngham[507]."

It was fated that I should be plagued by princes. I lay down my pen; I recross the Atlantic; I mend my arm broken at Niagara; I take off my bearskin; I resume my gold-laced coat; I leave the wigwam of an Iroquois to repair to the Royal Lodge of His Britannic Majesty, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Lord of the Indies; I leave my hosts with the exposed ears and my little girl-savage with her bead: wishing Lady Conyngham[508] the charm of Mila, together with the age which as yet belongs only to the earliest spring-time, to the days which precede the month of May and which our Gallic poets called the avrillée, the April shower.

*

The tribe of the little girl with the bead departed; my guide, the Dutchman, refused to accompany me beyond the cataract; I paid him and joined a party of traders who were leaving to go down the Ohio; before setting out, I took a glance at the Canadian lakes. There is nothing so mournful as the aspect of these lakes. The liquid plains of the Atlantic and the Mediterranean open highways to the nations, and their shores are, or were, inhabited by civilized, numerous, and powerful peoples; the lakes of Canada display only the nakedness of their waters, which, in its turn, is joined to a bare soil: they are deserts dividing other deserts. Shores devoid of inhabitants look upon seas devoid of ships; you alight from the unfrequented waves upon unfrequented coasts.

Lake Erie.

Lake Erie is over one hundred leagues in circumference. The nations of the water-side were exterminated by the Iroquois two centuries ago. It is an appalling thing to see the Indians venturing in their birch-bark wherries upon this lake famed for its tempests, in which myriads of serpents swarmed in former days. These Indians hang their manitous upon the prow of their canoes and dart into the midst of the eddies among the heaving waves. The waves, level with the aperture of the canoes, seem ready to swallow them up. The hunters' dogs, with their front-paws resting on the side, utter loud barks, while their masters, preserving a profound silence, beat the waves in cadence with their paddles. The canoes proceed in Indian file: in the prow of the first stands a chief who repeats the diphthong oah: o in a long, dull note, ah in a short, sharp tone. In the last canoe is another chief, who also stands up, and works an oar by way of rudder. The other braves squat upon their heels at the bottom of the well. Across the mist and the winds one perceives nothing save the plumes adorning the Indians' heads, the outstretched necks of the baying dogs, and the shoulders of the two sachems, the pilot and the augur: as it were the gods of these lakes.

The rivers of Canada play no part in the history of the world of antiquity: how different from the destiny of the Ganges, the Euphrates, the Nile, the Danube, and the Rhine! What changes have not these beheld upon their banks! How much sweat and blood has been poured forth by conquerors to cross, in their current, waters over which, at their source, a goatherd passes with a single step!

*

Leaving the lakes of Canada, we came to Pittsburg at the confluence of the Kentucky and Ohio rivers; here the landscape unfolds an extraordinary stateliness. Nevertheless, this magnificent country is called Kentucky after its river, whose name means "river of blood." It owes this name to its beauty: for more than two centuries the nations on the side of the Cherokees and of the Iroquois nations fought for the possession of its hunting-fields.

Will the European generations be more virtuous and more free upon those banks than were the exterminated American generations? Shall slaves not till the soil beneath the lash of their masters, in these deserts of man's primeval independence? Shall prisons and gallows not fill the places of the open hut and the tall tulip-tree where the bird builds its nest? Shall the richness of the soil not cause new wars to burst forth? Shall Kentucky cease to be the "Land of Blood," and shall the monuments of the arts beautify the banks of the Ohio to better purpose than the monuments of nature?

After passing the Wabash, the Cypress, the Cumberland, the Cherokee, or Tennessee, the Yellowbank, one comes to a tongue of land often submerged beneath the mighty waters: here is formed the confluence of the Ohio and the Mississippi in latitude 36° 51'. The two rivers oppose an equal resistance to one another and relax the force of their currents; for some miles they sleep side by side without mingling in the same bed, like two great peoples at first of different origins and then combining to form but one race; like two illustrious combatants sharing the same couch after a battle; like a husband and wife born of hostile blood, who at first have but little inclination to mingle their destinies in the nuptial bed.

And I, too, even as the mighty urns of the rivers, have poured forth my life's small current, now on this, now on that side of the mountain; capricious in my straying, but never malignant; preferring the poor glens to the rich plains, stopping at the flowers rather than at the palaces. For that matter, I was so charmed with my rambles that I gave scarce a further thought to the Pole. A party of traders, who had come from among the Creeks, in Florida, gave me leave to accompany them.

We set out for the countries known at that time by the general name of the Floridas, today divided into the States of Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Tennessee. We followed, more or less closely, paths now connected by the high-road which runs from Natchez to Nashville, through Jackson and Florence, and which enters Virginia by way of Knoxville and Salem: a country very little frequented at that time, although Bartram[509] had explored its lakes and sites. The planters of Georgia and Florida proper went to the various tribes of the Creeks to buy horses and half-wild cattle, which multiplied indefinitely in the savannahs pierced by the wells at whose edges I placed Atala and Chactas. They even extended their journey as far as Ohio.

I sail up the Ohio River.

We ran before a stiff breeze. The Ohio, swollen by a hundred rivers, passed now through the lakes which opened out before us, now through the woods. Islands stood out in the middle of the lakes. We made sail for one of the largest of these: we came alongside at eight in the morning.

I crossed a meadow strewn with ragwort with its yellow flowers, hollyhocks with their pink plumes, and obelarias with purple egrets. An Indian ruin struck my eyes. The contrast between this ruin and the youth of nature, this monument of men in a desert, caused a great emotion. What people dwelt upon this island? Its name, its race, the time of its passing? Did it live at the time when the world in whose midst it lay hidden was as yet unknown to the three other quarters of the globe? The silence of this people was perhaps contemporaneous with the fame of some great nations that have in their turn lapsed into silence[510].

Sandy anfractuosities, ruins or tumuli issued from amid poppies with red flowers hanging at the end of bent, pale-green stalks. The stem and the flower have an aroma which clings to the fingers when one touches the plant. The perfume which outlives the flower is an image of the memory of a life spent in solitude.

I observed the nymphæa: it was preparing to hide its white lily beneath the surface at the close of day; the "tree of sadness[511]" was awaiting the night before unfolding its own: the wife retires to bed at the hour when the courtesan rises.

The pyramidal œnothera, which is seven or eight feet high, with pale leaves dentated with dark green, has other habits and another destiny: its yellow flower begins to half-open in the evening, during the space of time which Venus occupies in descending below the horizon; it continues to expand by the light of the stars; the dawn discovers it in all its brilliancy; midway through the morning it fades; it falls at noonday. It lives for but a few hours; but it despatches those hours beneath a placid sky, between the breaths of Venus and Aurora: what matters, then, the shortness of life?

A streamlet trickled through a garland of dionæas; a multitude of day-flies buzzed all around. There were also humming-birds and butterflies which, decked in their brightest gauds, rivalled the motley flowers in splendour.

In the midst of these walks and studies, I was often struck by their futility. What! Did the Revolution, which already weighed down upon me and drove me into the woods, inspire me with no graver thoughts than these? What! Was the time of my country's confusion that which I chose to occupy myself with descriptions of plants, and butterflies, and flowers? The individuality of mankind serves as a measure of the littleness of great events. How many men are indifferent to those events! To how many others do they remain unknown! The aggregate population of the globe is estimated at from eleven to twelve hundred millions; a man dies every second: thus in each minute of our existence, of our smiles, of our joys, sixty men expire, sixty families moan and weep. Life is a permanent pestilence. The chain of mourning and funerals that winds us about is never broken, grows ever longer: we ourselves form one of its links. And then tell us to magnify the importance of the catastrophes of which seven-eighths of the world will never hear speak! To pant for a fame which will spread its wings at but a few leagues from our tomb! To plunge into the ocean of a felicity of which each minute slips away between sixty graves incessantly renewed!

Nam nox Nulla diem, neque noctem aurora sequuta est Quæ non audierit mixtos vagitibus ægris Ploratus, mortis comites et funeris atri.

The savages of Florida tell of an island in the middle of a lake where live the most beautiful women in the world. The Muskhogulges have repeatedly attempted its conquest; but this Eden flees before the canoes, a natural image of the chimeras which retreat before our desires. The country also contained a fountain of youth: who would wish to rise from the dead?

But little was wanting to make these fables assume a semblance of reality in my eyes. At a moment when we least expected it, we saw a flotilla of canoes come out of a bay, some with oars, others with sails. They landed at our island. They were two families of Creeks, of which one consisted of Seminoles, the other of Muskhogulges, including some Cherokees and Burnt-woods. I was struck with the grace of these savages, who in no respect resemble those of Canada.

Two fair Floridans.

The Seminoles and Muskhogulges are fairly tall, and, by an unusual contrast, their mothers, wives, and daughters are the smallest race of women known in America. The Indian women who landed near us, born of mixed Cherokee and Castilian blood, were tall in stature. Two of them were like the creoles of San Domingo and Mauritius, but yellow and delicate as the women of the Ganges. These two Floridan women, cousins on the father's side, served as my models, one for Atala, the other for Céluta: they excelled the portraits I drew of them only by that variable and fugitive truth of nature, that physiognomy of race and climate which I was not able to express. There was something indefinable in that oval visage, in that shaded complexion, which one seemed to see through a light, orange-tinted smoke, in that hair so black and soft, those eyes so long, half-hidden beneath the veil of two satiny eyelids that opened indolently; in short, in the two-fold seduction of the Indian and the Spanish woman.

The meeting with our hosts occasioned a certain alteration in our movements: our trading agents began to inquire about horses; it was decided that we should go to fix ourselves in the neighbourhood of the studs. The plain in which our camp stood was covered with bulls, cows, horses, bisons, buffaloes, cranes, turkeys, pelicans: these birds mottled the green background of our savannah with white, black, and pink stains.

Our traders and hunters were stirred by many passions: not passions of race, education, or prejudice, but natural passions, full and absolute, making straight for their object, having for witnesses a tree fallen in the depths of an unknown forest, a nameless stream. The relations between the Spaniards and the Creek women formed the ground-work of the adventures; the "Burnt-woods" played the principal part in those romances. One story was famous: that of a trader in strong waters seduced and ruined by a "painted woman" or courtesan. This story, put into Seminole verse with the title of Tabamica, was sung in passing through the woods[512]. Carried off in their turn by the colonists, the Indian women soon died forsaken at Pensacola[513]: their misfortunes went to swell the Romanceros and to be numbered among the ballads of Ximenes.

*

The earth is a charming mother; we issue from her womb: in childhood, she holds us to her breasts swollen with milk and honey; in youth and old age, she lavishes upon us her refreshing waters, her harvests and her fruits; she offers us, wherever we may go, a shade, a bath, a table and a bed; she opens her entrails again to receive us after death, and throws a coverlet of herbs and flowers over our remains, while she secretly transforms us into her own substance, to reproduce us under some graceful shape. That is what I said to myself on waking, when my first look fell upon the sky, the canopy of my bed.

The hunters had set out for the work of the day; I remained behind with the women and children. I never left the side of my two sylvan goddesses: one was proud, the other sad. I did not understand a word of what they said to me, and they did not understand me; but I went to fetch water for their cup, shoots for their fire, mosses for their bed. They wore the petticoat and the wide, slashed sleeves of the Spanish women, the body and cloak of the Indian women. Their bare legs were cross-gartered with a lace-work of birch. They plaited their hair with posies or filaments of rushes; they mailed themselves in chains and necklaces of glass beads. From their ears hung purple berries; they had a fine talking paroquet: the bird of Armida; they fastened it on their shoulder like an emerald, or carried it hooded on their hand, as the great ladies of the tenth century carried their hawks. To harden their breasts and arms, they rubbed themselves with the apoya, or American gallingale. In Bengal the nautch-girls chew the betel-nut, and in the Levant the almes suck the mastic of Chio: the Floridan maidens pounded, between their teeth of a bluey whiteness, tears of liquid-amber and roots of libanis, which blended the fragrance of angelica, cedrat, and vanilla. They lived in an atmosphere of perfumes emanating from themselves, like orange-trees and flowers living in the pure exhalations from their leaves and chalices. I amused myself by placing a little ornament upon their heads: they submitted, gently dismayed; witches themselves, they thought I was working a charm upon them. One of them, the "proud" one, often prayed; she seemed to me half a Christian. The other sang in a voice of velvet, uttering at the end of each phrase a note that troubled one. Sometimes they spoke hastily to each other: I thought I could recognize the accents of jealousy, but the "sad" one wept, and silence was restored.

Weak as I was, I sought examples of weakness, in order to encourage myself. Had not Camoëns in the Indies loved a black Barbary slave, and might not I in America do homage to two young jonquil sultanas? Had Camoëns not addressed endechas, or stanzas, to his Barbaru escrava?[514]

*

A fishing-party was arranged. The sun was nearing its setting. In the foreground appeared sassafras, tulip-trees, catalpas, and oaks, from whose boughs hung skeins of white moss. Behind this foreground rose the most charming of trees, the papaw, which might have been taken for a chased silver style, surmounted by a Corinthian urn. In the background reigned balsam-trees, magnolias, and liquid-ambers.

An exquisite landscape.

The sun dropped behind that curtain: a ray piercing through the crown of a thicket sparkled like a carbuncle set in the sombre foliage; the light diverging between the trunks and branches projected heightening columns and mobile arabesques upon the sward. Below were lilacs, azaleas, annulated creepers with gigantic sheaves; above, the clouds, some fixed, like promontories or old towers, others fleeting, like rosy vapours or carded silk. By means of successive transformations, one saw the mouths of furnaces opening up in those clouds, heaps of embers piling themselves up, streams of lava flowing: all was dazzling, radiant, gilded, opulent, saturated with light.

After the Morean insurrection in 1770, some Greek families took refuge in Florida; they could still believe themselves in that Ionian climate which seems to have relented, together with men's passions: at Smyrna, in the evening, nature sleeps like a courtesan wearied with love.

On our right were ruins belonging to the great fortifications that were found on the Ohio, on our left an old savage camp. The island on which we were, pictured in the water and reproduced by a mirage, poised its double perspective before us. In the east, the moon rested upon distant hills; in the west, the vault of the sky was melted into a sea of diamonds and sapphires, in which the sun, half-immersed, appeared to be dissolving. The animals of creation were keeping watch; the earth, in adoration, seemed to offer incense to the sky, and the amber exhaled from its bosom fell back upon it in the form of dew, as prayers fall back upon those who pray.

Abandoned by my companions, I lay resting by the edge of a clump of trees: its darkness, glazed with light, formed the penumbra in which I sat. Fire-flies gleamed among the crape-covered shrubs and became obscured when they passed through the irradiations of the moon. I heard the sounds made by the rise and fall of the lake, the leap of the gold-fish, and the rare cry of the diver. My eyes were fixed upon the water; I gradually lapsed into the state of drowsiness known to men who travel the world's highways: I lost all clearness of recollection; I felt myself living and vegetating with nature in a kind of pantheism. I leant back against the trunk of a magnolia-tree and fell asleep; my slumbers floated upon a vague surface of hope.

When I emerged from this Lethe, I found myself between two women: the odalisks had returned; they did not wish to arouse me; they had sat down silently by my side; whether they had feigned sleep or had really slumbered, their heads had fallen on my shoulders.

A breeze blew through the grove and deluged us in a shower of rose-leaves from the magnolia. Then the younger of the Seminoles began to sing: let whomsoever is not sure of his life beware of ever thus exposing himself! No one knows the strength of the passion that glides with melody into a man's breast. A rude and jealous voice replied: a " Burnt-wood" was calling the two cousins; they started and rose: the dawn was beginning to break.

In the absence of Aspasia alone, I have since repeated this scene on the shores of Greece: ascending to the columns of the Parthenon with the dawn, I saw the Cithæron, Mount Hymettus, the Acropolis of Corinth, the tombs, the ruins, bathed in a dew of golden, transparent, shimmering light, reflected by the seas and wafted like a perfume by the zephyrs from Salamis and Delos.

We finished on the bank our voyage without words. At noon, we broke up the camp to inspect the horses which the Creeks wished to sell and the traders to buy. Women and children, all were summoned as witnesses, according to the custom in solemn bargains. Stallions of every age and colour, foals and mares, with bulls, cows and heifers, began to scamper and gallop around us. Amid this confusion, I became separated from the Creeks. A thick group of men and horses gathered on the skirt of a wood. Suddenly, in the distance, I perceived my two fair Floridans; vigorous hands seated them upon the cruppers of two barbs ridden bare-backed by a "Burnt-wood" and a Seminole. O Cid, why had not I thy swift Babieça that I might overtake them! The mares galloped off, the immense squadron followed them. The horses rushed, jumped, bounded, neighed, amid the horns of the bulls and buffaloes, their hoofs clashed in mid-air, their tails and manes flew blood-stained. A whirlwind of voracious insects swarmed about this wild cavalry. My Floridans disappeared from sight like Ceres' daughter, snatched by the god of the nether world.

End of my Floridan romance.

Thus does everything prove abortive in my life, thus is nought left me save pictures of what has passed so quickly: I shall descend to the Elysian Fields with more shades than mortal man has ever taken with him. The fault lies with my organization: I am never able to take advantage of any piece of good fortune; I can never take an interest in anything whatever that interests others. Putting religion aside, I have no beliefs. Shepherd or king, what should I have done with my sceptre or my crook? I should have wearied equally of glory or genius, work or leisure, prosperity or misfortune. Everything tires me: laboriously I tow my weariness after my days, and, wherever I go, I yawn away my life.

*

Ronsard[515] shows us Mary Stuart[516] ready to set out for Scotland after the death of François II[517]. Was I like Mary Stuart wandering through Fontainebleau, when I wandered about my savannah after my widowerhood? One thing is certain, that my mind, if not my person, was wrapped in "a long crape, subtil and flowing," as Ronsard also says, that old poet of the new school.

The devil having flown away with the Muskhogulge damsels, I was told by the guide that a "Burnt-wood," who was in love with one of the two women, was jealous of me and had resolved with a Seminole, the brother of the other cousin, to carry Atala and Céluta off from me. The guides spoke of them bluntly as "painted girls," which shocked my vanity. I felt the more humiliated in that the "Burnt-wood," my favoured rival, was a lean, ugly, dark-skinned mosquito, possessing all the characteristics of the insects which, according to the entomologists of the Grand Lama, are animals whose flesh is inside their bones. Solitude appeared empty to me after my misadventure. I gave the cold shoulder to my sylph, who generously hastened to console her faithless lover, like Julie when she forgave Saint-Preux his Parisian Floridans[518]. I lost no time in quitting the desert in which I have since resuscitated the drowsy companions of my night. I know not whether I gave back to them the life they gave me: at least I made a virgin of one, a virtuous spouse of the other, by way of expiation.

We again crossed the Blue Mountains, and approached the European clearings in the neighbourhood of Chillicothe. I had gathered no light upon the principal object of my enterprise; but I was escorted by a world of poetry:

Comme une jeune abeille aux roses engagée Ma muse revenait de son butin chargée[519].

On the bank of a stream I saw an American house: at one end a farm-house, at the other a mill. I went in, asked for food and shelter, and was well received.

My hostess led me by a ladder to a room above the shaft of the hydraulic apparatus. My little casement-window, festooned with ivy and cobæas with iris bells, opened above the stream which flowed, narrow and solitary, between two thick borders of willows, elms, sassafras, tamarinds, and Carolina poplars. The moss-grown mill-wheel turned beneath their shade and let fall long ribands of water. Perch and trout leapt in the foam of the eddy; water-wagtails flew from bank to bank, and various kinds of kingfishers fluttered their blue wings above the current.

How happy should I have been there with the "sad" one, had she been faithful to me, seated dreaming at her feet, my head laid upon her knees, listening to the noise of the weir, the rotations of the wheel, the rolling of the mill-stone, the sifting of the bolter, the even beating of the clapper, breathing the freshness of the water and the scent from the husks of the pearl-barley.

Night came. I went down to the sitting-room of the farm-house. It was lighted only by maize-straw and husks of beans blazing in the hearth. The fire-arms of the master of the house, lying horizontally in the gun-rack, gleamed in the reflections from the fireplace. I sat down upon a stool in the chimney-corner, near a squirrel, which jumped from the back of a large dog to the shelf of a spinning-wheel and back again. A kitten installed itself upon my knee to watch this sport. The miller's wife put a large stew-pot on the fire, the flames of which played round the pot's black bottom like a radiant golden crown. While I watched the sweet potatoes boiling for my supper, I amused myself by reading by the firelight, with lowered head, an English newspaper which had fallen on the floor between my legs. Printed in large letters I read the words:

FLIGHT OF THE KING.

It was the story of the flight of Louis XVI., and the arrest of the unfortunate monarch at Varennes[520]. The paper also described the progress of the emigration and the gathering of the officers of the army around the flag of the French Princes.

A sudden conversion took place within my mind. Rinaldo beheld his weakness in the mirror of honour in Armida's gardens; I was not Tasso's hero, but the same looking-glass showed me my image in the midst of an American orchard. The clash of arms, the world's tumult resounded in my ears under the thatch of a mill hidden in unknown woods. I abruptly interrupted my travels, and said to myself:

"Go back to France."

Thus it happened that my sense of duty upset my early plans, and occasioned the first of the revolutions that have marked my career. The Bourbons no more needed that a cadet of Brittany should return from across the seas to offer them his obscure devotion than they have needed his services since he has emerged from his obscurity. Had I lit my pipe with the newspaper which changed the course of my life, and continued my journey, no one would have remarked my absence; my life was at that time as unknown and weighed as little as the smoke from my calumet. A simple contest between myself and my conscience flung me upon the world's stage. I could have acted as I pleased, since I alone was a witness of the struggle; but, of all witnesses, that is the one before whose eyes I should most fear to blush.

Why is it that the solitudes of Erie and Ontario present themselves to my thoughts today with a charm which the brilliant spectacle of the Bosphorus is not able to possess in my memory? It is because, at the time of my journey in the United States, I was full of illusions: the troubles of France commenced at the same time as the commencement of my existence; nothing was complete in myself or in the land of my birth. Those days are dear to me because they recall to me the innocence of sentiments inspired by the family and the pleasures of youth.

Fifteen years later, after my journey in the Levant, the Republic, swollen with ruins and tears, had discharged itself like a torrent from the deluge into despotism. I no longer deluded myself with chimeras; my recollections, thenceforth taking their source in society and passions, lacked candour. Deceived in both my pilgrimages to the West and to the East, I had failed to discover the passage to the Pole, I had failed to snatch glory on the banks of Niagara, where I had gone in search of it, and I had left it seated on the ruins of Athens.

After setting out to be a traveller in America and returning to be a soldier in Europe, I did not go the whole length of either of those careers: an evil genius snatched the staff and the sword from my hand, and put the pen there in its stead. Fifteen more years have elapsed since, finding myself at Sparta, and contemplating the sky during the night, I recalled the countries that had already witnessed my peaceful or troubled sleep: on the commons of England, in the plains of Italy, upon the high-seas, in the Canadian forests, I had already saluted the same stars which I saw shine upon the land of Helen and Menelaus. But what would it avail me to complain to the stars, the fixed witnesses of my vagrant destinies? One day their gaze will cease to tire itself by pursuing me; meantime, indifferent to my fate, I will not ask those stars to move it with a gentler influence nor to restore to me that portion of life which the traveller leaves behind in the places at which he touches.

Were I to revisit the United States today, I should no longer recognize them: there where I left forests, I should find tilled fields; there where I traced a path for myself across the thickets, I should travel on the high-roads; at Natchez, instead of Céluta's hut, stands a town of some five thousand inhabitants; Chactas might today be sent to Congress. I have lately received a pamphlet printed among the Cherokees and addressed to myself, in the interests of those savages, as "the defender of the liberty of the press."

In the land of the Muskhogulges, the Seminoles, the Chickasaws, we find a city of Athens, another of Marathon, another of Carthage, another of Memphis, another of Sparta, another of Florence; there is a County of Columbia and a County of Marengo: the glory of every country has placed a name in the same wastes where I met Father Aubry and the obscure Atala. Kentucky exhibits a Versailles; a territory called Bourbon has a Paris for its capital.

All the exiles, all the fugitives from oppression who have taken refuge in America have carried there the memory of their country.

Falsi Simoentis ad undam Libabat cineri Andromache[521].

The United States offer in their bosom, under the protection of liberty, an image and a memory of the greater part of the famous spots of antiquity and of modern Europe: the Emperor Hadrian caused copies of the monuments of his empire to be placed in his garden in the Roman Campagna.

American progress.

Thirty-three high-roads run out of Washington, as formerly the Roman roads started from the Capitol; spreading asunder, they end at the circumference of the United States and trace a circulation of 25,747 miles. Posting-stations are established on a large number of these roads. One now takes the coach for the Ohio or Niagara as in my time one took a guide or an Indian interpreter. The means of transport are two-fold: lakes and rivers abound, and are connected by canals; you can travel alongside of the high-roads in rowing or sailing-boats, barges or steamers. Fuel is inexhaustible, since immense forests cover coal-mines level with the surface.

The population of the United States has increased in every decade from 1790 to 1820 at the rate of 35 per cent. It is calculated that in 1830 the population will amount to 12,875,000 souls. Continuing to double every twenty-five years, it should amount in 1855 to 25,750,000 souls, and twenty-five years later, in 1880, it should exceed fifty millions[522].

This human sap causes the wilderness to thrive on every side. The Canadian lakes, on which lately no sail was to be seen, now resemble docks in which frigates, corvettes, cutters and barks pass Indian pirogues and canoes, in the same way in which the big ships and galleys mix with the pinks, sloops and caiques in the waters of Constantinople. The Mississippi, the Missouri, the Ohio no longer pursue a solitary course: three-masters ascend their currents; over two hundred steam-boats enliven their banks. This immense inland navigation, which alone would ensure the prosperity of the United States, does not lessen their distant expeditions. Their vessels sail all the seas, engage in all forms of enterprise, carry the Stars and Stripes from the horizon of the setting sun to the shores where the sun rises, shores that have never known aught but slavery.

To complete this surprising scene, one must picture to one's self cities like Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Charleston, Savannah, New Orleans, lighted at night, filled with horses and carriages, adorned with coffee-houses, museums, libraries, ball-rooms, theatres, displaying all the enjoyments of luxury.

At the same time, the United States must not be searched for that which distinguishes man above the other beings of creation, for that which constitutes his certificate of immortality and the ornament of his days: literature is unknown in the new republic, although called for by a multitude of institutions. The American has replaced intellectual by positive operations. Do not impute to him as an inferiority his mediocrity in the arts, for it is not in that direction that he has turned his attention. Cast through various causes upon a desert soil, he made agriculture and commerce the first objects of his cares: before thinking, one must live; before planting trees, one must fell them, in order to till the ground.

The primitive colonists, it is true, their minds steeped in religious controversy, carried the passion for disputation into the very heart of the forests; but it was necessary for them first to shoulder their axes and march to the conquest of the desert: their sole pulpit, in the intervals between their labours, was the elm they were engaged in squaring. The Americans have not passed through the ages of other nations: they left their childhood and their youth in Europe; the artless words of the cradle were unknown to them; they enjoyed the delights of home only through the medium of their regrets for a native land which they had never seen, and of which they mourned the eternal absence and the charm they had heard of from others.

The new continent has no classical literature, nor romantic literature, nor Indian literature: for the classical, the Americans have no models; for the romantic, no middle-ages; I for the Indian, the Americans despise the savages and loathe the sight of the woods as of a prison to which they were once condemned.

And thus it comes that literature as a thing apart, literature properly so-called, does not exist in America; what one finds is applied literature, answering to the different needs of society: the literature of workmen, merchants, sailors, farmers. Americans succeed in mechanics and science, because science has its material side. Franklin[523] and Fulton[524] took possession of lightning and steam for the benefit of mankind. It fell to America to endow the world with the discovery, thanks to which no continent can henceforward escape the mariner's search.

Poetry and imagination, the portion of a very small number of idlers, are regarded in the United States as puerilities appertaining to the first and to the last age of life. The Americans have had no childhood and have as yet had no old age.

The American presidents.

Hence it follows that men engaged upon serious studies have necessarily been obliged to take part in the affairs of their country in order to become acquainted with them, and in the same way they inevitably found themselves actors in their revolution. But one melancholy fact must be observed, which is the prompt degeneration of talent, from the first men, who figured in the American troubles, down to the men of these latter days; and yet those men all touch. The old presidents of the Republic have a religious, simple, lofty, calm character, of which we find no trace in the blood-stained tumults of our own Republic and Empire. The solitude with which the Americans were surrounded reacted upon their nature; they achieved their liberty in silence.

General Washington's farewell address[525] to the people of the United States might have been uttered by the gravest characters of antiquity:

"How far in the discharge of my official duties," says the General, "I have been guided by the principles which have been delineated, the public records and other evidence of my conduct must witness to you, and to the world. To myself, the assurance of my own conscience is, that I have at least believed myself to be guided by them....

"Though, in reviewing the incidents of my Administration, I am unconscious of intentional error—I am nevertheless too sensible of my defects not to think it probable that I may have committed many errors. Whatever they may be, I fervently beseech the Almighty to avert or mitigate the evils to which they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope that my country will never cease to view them with indulgence; and that, after forty-five years of my life dedicated to its service, with an upright zeal, the faults of incompetent abilities will be consigned to oblivion, as myself must soon be to the mansions of rest."

Jefferson[526] in his house at Monticello, wrote, after the death of one of his two children:

"The loss which I have experienced is a really great one. Others may lose of that which they possess in abundance, but I, of my whole portion, have now to deplore the loss of one-half. The declining years of my life are now held up by the slender thread of one human life. Perhaps I am destined to see the last tie of a father's affection broken!"

Philosophy, which is rarely touching, is here touching in the highest degree. And this is not the idle grief of a man who had played no part in life. Jefferson died on the 4th of July 1826, in the eighty-fourth year of his age, and the fifty-fourth year of the independence of his country. His remains lie covered with a stone, having for sole epitaph the words:

THOMAS JEFFERSON, AUTHOR OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.

Pericles and Demosthenes pronounced the funeral oration of the young Greeks who had fallen for a people that disappeared soon after themselves: in 1817, Brackenridge[527] celebrated the death of the young Americans whose blood gave birth to a nation.

We have a national gallery of portraits of distinguished Americans, in four volumes octavo, and what is more singular, a biography containing the lives of over one hundred of the principal Indian chiefs. Logan[528], the Virginian chief, uttered these words before Lord Dunmore[529]:

"Colonel Cresap[530], the last spring, in cold blood and unprovoked, murdered all the relations of Logan. There runs not a drop of my blood in the veins of any living creature that called on me for revenge. I have sought it; I have killed many.... Who is there to mourn for Logan? Not one."

Without loving nature, the Americans have applied themselves to the study of natural history. Townsend[531] set out from Philadelphia and traversed on foot the regions separating the Atlantic from the Pacific Ocean, jotting down numerous observations in his journal. Thomas Say[532], who travelled in Florida and in the Rocky Mountains, has published a work on American entomology. Wilson[533], a weaver who became an author, has left some rather finished pictures.

American literature.

To turn to literature proper, although it does not amount to much, there are, nevertheless, a few writers to be mentioned among the novelists and poets. Brown[534], the son of a Quaker, is the author of Wieland, which is the source and model of the novels of the new school. Unlike his fellow-countrymen:

"I prefer," said Brown, "roaming in the forests to thrashing corn."

Wieland, the hero of the novel, is a Puritan whom Heaven has commanded to kill his wife:

"'I have brought thee hither,' says he to her, 'to fulfil a divine command. I am appointed thy destroyer, and destroy thee I must.'

"Saying this, I seized her wrists. She shrieked aloud, and endeavoured to free herself from my grasp....

"'Wieland.... Am I not thy wife? And wouldst thou kill me? Thou wilt not; oh!... Spare me-spare-help, help—'

"Till her breath was stopped she shrieked for help-for mercy."

*

Wieland strangles his wife, and experiences unspeakable delights by the side of her dead corpse. The horror of our modern inventions is here surpassed. Brown had trained his mind by reading Caleb Williams[535], and in Wieland he copied a scene from Othello.

At the present day, the American novelists Cooper[536] and Washington Irving[537] are obliged to take refuge in Europe to find chronicles and a public. The language of the great English writers has been "creolized," "provincialized," "barbarized," without gaining anything in energy in the midst of a virgin nature; it has become necessary to draw up catalogues of American expressions.

As to the American poets, their language has charm, but they rarely rise above the common-place. Still, the Ode to the Evening Breeze, the Sunrise on the Mount, the Torrent, and some other poems, deserve a passing glance. Halleck[538] has sung the death of Bozzaris, and George Hill[539] has wandered among the Ruins of Athens:

Alas! for her, the beautiful, but lone, Dethroned queen[540]!...

And again:

There sits the queen of temples[541]—grey and lone. She, like the last of an imperial line, Has seen her sister structures, one by one, To time their gods and worshippers resign[542].

It pleases me, a traveller on the shores of Hellas and Atlantis, to hear the independent voice of a land unknown to antiquity lamenting the lost liberty of the old world.

American politics.

But will America preserve her form of government? Will the States not become divided? Has not a representative of Virginia already maintained the theory of ancient liberty with slaves, the result of paganism, against a representative of Massachusetts, defending the cause of modern liberty without slaves, as Christianity made it? Are not the Northern and Southern States opposed in mind and interests? Will not the Western States, so far removed from the Atlantic, wish to have a separate government? On the one hand, is the federal bond sufficiently powerful to maintain the union, and to compel each State to draw closer to it? On the other hand, if the presidential power be increased, will not despotism come with the guards and privileges of the dictator?

The isolation of the United States has permitted them to spring into being and to increase: it is doubtful whether they would have been able to exist and grow in Europe. Federal Switzerland subsists in our midst; but why? Because she is small, poor, cantoned in the bosom of the mountains, a nursery of soldiers for kings, a goal for travellers.

Separated from the old world, the population of the United States still inhabits the solitude: its deserts have been its liberty; but already the conditions of its existence are altering.

The existence of the democracies of Mexico, Columbia, Peru, Chile, Buenos Ayres, always troubled as they are, constitute a danger. When the United States had nothing near them except the colonies of a Transatlantic kingdom, no serious war was probable; now, are there not rivalries to be dreaded? Let men on both sides have recourse to arms, let the military spirit seize upon the children of Washington, and a great captain may rise to the throne: glory loves crowns.

I have said that the Northern, Southern, and Western States were divided in interests; that is common knowledge: if these States break up the union, will they be reduced by force of arms? In that case, what a leaven of hatred will be spread through the social body! Will the dissenting States maintain their independence? In that case, what discords will not break out among those emancipated States! Those republics across the sea, once uncoupled, would no longer form aught save feeble units without weight in the social balance, where they would be successively subjugated by one of their number (I leave on one side the serious question of alliances and foreign intervention). Kentucky, peopled as it is with a race of men bred in the open air, harder and more soldier-like, would seem destined to become the conquering State. In this State devouring the others, the power of one would soon rise upon the ruins of the power of all.

I have spoken of the danger of war; I must point out the dangers of a long peace. Since their emancipation, the United States have, with the exception of a few months, enjoyed the most profound tranquillity; while Europe was shaken with a hundred battles, the United States tilled their fields in safety. Hence we find an overflowing population and riches, with all the drawbacks of a superabundance of riches and population. If hostilities came unexpectedly upon an unwarlike people, would it be able to offer resistance? Would its fortunes and habits consent to sacrifices? How could it give up the bland usages, the comfort, the indolent well-being of life? China and India, asleep in their muslin draperies, have constantly endured the foreign yoke. That which is best suited to the complexion of a free society is a state of peace moderated by war, and a state of war tempered with peace. The Americans have already worn the olive-crown too long continuously: the tree that provides it is not a native of their shores.

The commercial spirit is beginning to take possession of them; self-interest is becoming their national vice. Already the speculations of the banks of the different States clash with one another, and bankruptcies threaten the fortunes of the community. So long as liberty produces gold, an industrial republic does wonders; but when the gold is acquired or exhausted, it loses its love of independence, which is not based upon a moral sentiment, but arises from the thirst for gain and the passion for trade.

Moreover, it is difficult to create a mother-country among States which have nothing in common in religion or interests, which, issuing from various sources and at various times, live on a different soil and under a different sun. What connection is there between a Frenchman of Louisiana, a Spaniard of Florida, a German of New York, an Englishman of New England, Virginia, Carolina, Georgia, who are all reckoned as Americans? One is thoughtless and a duelist; the next a Catholic, lazy and haughty; the other a Lutheran, a husbandman, with no slaves; another, an Anglican and a planter, with negroes; yet another, a Puritan and a merchant: how many centuries will be needed to make these elements homogeneous?

A chrysogenous[543] aristocracy is ready to appear with the love of distinctions and the passion for titles. Men think that a general level prevails in the United States: that is a complete mistake. There are sets in their society which despise one another and refuse to mix; there are houses in which the arrogance of the master exceeds that of a German prince with sixteen quarterings. These plebeian nobles aspire to form a caste in the face of the progress in enlightenment which made them equal and free. Some of them speak of nothing but their ancestors, proud barons, bastards apparently and companions of William the Bastard. They display the knightly blazons of the Old World, enriched with the serpents, lizards, and parrots of the New. A Gascon younger son, landing on the republican shores with nothing but his nobility and his umbrella, becomes a person of consideration on the steam-boats, if he will only take care to call himself "marquis."

American manners.

The enormous inequality of fortunes threatens still more seriously to kill the spirit of equality. There are Americans with incomes of one or two millions a year; and already the Yankees of high society are no longer able to live as Franklin did: the true "gentleman," disgusted with his new country, goes to Europe in search of the old; one meets him at the inns, making "tours" in Italy like the English, tours marked by extravagance or spleen. These ramblers from Carolina or Virginia buy ruined abbeys in France, and lay out English gardens with American trees at Melun. Naples sends its singers and perfumers to New York, Paris its fashions and dancers, London its grooms and prize-fighters: exotic delights which do not add to the gaiety of the Union. There they amuse themselves by jumping into the Falls of Niagara, amid the applause of fifty thousand planters, semi-savages whose merriment is with difficulty aroused by the sight of death.

And what is so extraordinary is that, at the very time when the inequality of fortunes is extending and an aristocracy is springing into being, the great levelling movement outside obliges the industrial or landed proprietors to hide their luxury, to dissimulate their wealth, for fear of being knocked on the head by their neighbours. These refuse to recognize the executive power; they dismiss the local authorities whom they have chosen at will, and elect others in their stead. This in no way disturbs order; practical democracy is observed, while the laws laid down by the same democracy in theory are laughed at. The family spirit scarcely exists; so soon as the child is fit to work, he has to fly with his own wings, like the newly-fledged bird. Out of these generations emancipated in a premature orphanage, and out of the emigrants arriving from Europe, are formed nomadic companies which clear the land, dig canals, and carry their trade in every direction without becoming attached to the soil; they run up houses in the desert in which the transient owner will live scarce a few days.

A cold and hard egotism reigns in the towns; piastres and dollars, bank-notes and silver, the rise and fall of stocks, these form the sole subject of conversation: one imagines one's self on 'Change or in the counting-house of a large shop. The newspapers, huge in dimensions, are filled with business articles or scurrilous gossip. Could the Americans be unconsciously submitting to the law of a climate in which vegetable nature seems to have benefited at the expense of living nature, a law combated by some distinguished minds, and yet not put entirely out of court by its refutation? It might be worth while to inquire whether the American has not been too soon used up in philosophic liberty, as the Russian has been in civilized despotism.

To sum up, the United States give the idea of a colony, not of a parent country; they have no past, their manners owe their existence to the laws. These citizens of the New World took rank among the nations at the moment when political ideas were entering upon an upward phase: this explains why they change with such extraordinary rapidity. A permanent form of society seems to become impracticable in their case, thanks, on the one hand, to the extreme weariness of individuals; on the other, to the impossibility of remaining in one spot, the necessity for movement, by which they are dominated: for one is never very firmly fixed where the household gods are wandering gods. Placed on the ocean road, at the head of progressive opinions as new as his country, the American seems to have received from Columbus a mission to discover fresh worlds rather than to create them.

*

On returning to Philadelphia from the desert, as I have already said, having hurriedly written on the road "what I have just related," like the old man in La Fontaine, I did not find the remittances I expected: this was the commencement of the pecuniary difficulties in which I have been plunged ever since. Fortune and I conceived a mutual dislike at first sight. According to Herodotus, certain Indian ants used to heap together piles of gold; according to Athenæus, the sun gave Hercules a golden ship in which to accost the island of Erythia, the home of the Hesperides: ant though I be, I have not the honour to belong to the great Indian family; and navigator though I be, I have never crossed the sea, save in a wooden bark. It was a vessel of this kind which brought me back to Europe from America. The captain gave me my passage on credit. On the 10th of December 1791, I embarked with several of my fellow-countrymen who were returning to France, like myself, for various reasons. The ship's destination was the Havre.

I return to Europe.

A westerly gale caught us at the mouth of the Delaware and drove us right across the Atlantic in seventeen days. Often, scudding under bare poles, we were scarcely able to bring to. The sun did not appear a single time. The vessel, steering by a dead reckoning, flew before the waves. I crossed the ocean among shadows; never had it looked to me so sad. I myself, sadder still, was returning deceived, after my first step taken in life:

"Palaces are not built upon the sea," says the Persian poet Feryd-Eddyn[544].

I felt a vague heaviness of heart, as at the approach of a great misfortune. Turning my eyes over the waves, I asked them to tell me my destiny, or else I used to write, more inconvenienced by their motion than troubled by their threats.

So far from calming, the tempest increased the nearer we came to Europe; but it blew steadily: the uniformity of its raging produced a sort of furious lull in the wan sky and leaden sea. The captain, having no means of taking the altitude, was uneasy; he climbed into the shrouds and scanned each point of the horizon through a telescope. A look-out was placed on the bowsprit, another in the main-top-mast cross-trees. The sea became choppy, and the colour of the water changed, signs that we were approaching land: what land? The Breton sailors have a proverb, "Who sees Belle-Isle sees his isle; who sees Groie sees his joy; who sees Ouessant's shore sees his gore."

I had spent two nights in walking the deck, to the hissing of the waves in the dark, the moaning of the wind in the rigging, and the constant dashing of the sea which swept the decks: the waves rioted all around us. Tired with the shocks and jerks of the vessel, I went below early on the third night. The weather was terrible; my hammock creaked and rocked with the blows of the sea, which, breaking over the vessel, threatened to dislocate her very planks. Soon I heard men running from one end of the deck to the other, and coils of rope falling: I experienced the motion which one feels when a vessel is put about. The hatch of the steerage ladder was thrown open; a frightened voice called for the captain: that voice, in the middle of the night and the tempest, sounded tremendous. I listened; I thought I heard sailors discussing the lie of a coast. I tumbled out of my hammock; a sea drove in the quarter-deck, flooded the captain's room, knocked over and rolled pell-mell tables, mattresses, chests, furniture, and arms; I made my way on deck half-drowned.

When I put my head out of the steerage, a splendid sight met my eyes. The ship had tried to put about; but, failing in this attempt she had become embayed under the stress of the wind. By the light of the moon, her horns broken by the clouds, from beneath which she emerged only to be hidden by them again, we discovered on either side of the ship, through a yellow fog, a coast bristling with rocks. The sea threw up waves like mountains in the channel in which we found ourselves engulfed: now they scattered into foam and spray; again they presented merely an oily and vitreous surface, mottled with black, coppery, or greenish stains, according to the colour of the bottom over which they roared. During two or three minutes, the moaning of the abyss and that of the wind would be confused; the next moment, one distinguished the ripple of the currents, the hissing on the reefs, the voice of the distant surge. From the hold of the ship issued sounds which made the hearts of the stoutest sailors beat faster. The stem of the vessel cut through the thick mass of waves with a hideous crash, and, at the helm, torrents of water flowed away eddying as from the mouth of a sluice. Amid all this uproar, nothing was so alarming as a certain dull, murmuring sound, like that of a vase filling.

Lighted by a ship's lantern and held down by weights, harbour-books, charts, and log-books lay spread out upon a hen-coop. A gust of wind had put out the binnacle-lamp. Every one was at variance about the land. We had entered the Channel without noticing it; the vessel, staggering under each wave, was drifting between the islands of Guernsey and Alderney. Our shipwreck appeared inevitable, and the passengers put up their valuables to save them.

The crew included some French seamen; one of them, in the absence of a chaplain, raised the hymn to "Our Lady of Succour," the first thing I had learnt as a child; I repeated it in sight of the coast of Brittany, almost under my mother's eyes. The American Protestant sailors joined in chorus in the song of their French Catholic mates: danger teaches men their weakness and unites their prayers. All, passengers and sailors, were on deck, one clinging to the rigging, another to the sides, another to the capstan, others to the bills of the anchors, in order not to be swept away by the sea or thrown overboard by the heaving of the ship. The captain shouted, "An axe! an axe!" to cut away the masts; and the rudder, of which the tiller had been forsaken, swung from side to side with a harsh sound.

And I am nearly shipwrecked.

One experiment remained to be tried: the lead marked only four fathoms on a sand-bank which crossed the channel; it was just possible that the swell might enable us to clear this bank and carry us into deep water; but who would dare to seize the helm and charge himself with the common safety? One false turn of the tiller, and we were lost.

One of those men who spring from events and who are the spontaneous children of danger was found: a New York sailor took the post deserted by the steersman. I seem still to see him in his shirt and canvas trousers, his bare feet, his tangled streaming hair, holding the tiller in his powerful grasp, while, with turned head, he looked over the stern at the sea which was to save or sink us. See that great wave coming, embracing the whole width of the channel, rolling high without breaking, as it were a sea invading the billows of another sea: large white birds go before with a calm flight, like the birds of death. The ship touched and struck; there was a complete silence; every face turned pale. The swell came: at the moment when it touched us, the sailor put down the helm; the vessel, just ready to fall on her side, turned her stern, and the swell, which seemed about to swallow us, lifted her. The lead was heaved; it registered twenty-seven fathoms. A cheer rose to the sky, and we added a shout of "Long live the King!" God did not hear it for Louis XVI.; it benefited none save ourselves.

Although clear of the two islands, we were not out of danger; we were unable to run up above the coast of Granville. At last the ebbing tide carried us out, and we doubled Cape La Hougue. I experienced no agitation during the semi-shipwreck and felt no delight at being saved. Better to give up possession of one's life while young than to be evicted from it by time.

The next day we entered the Havre. The whole population had come out to see us. Our top-masts were broken, our boats carried away, our quarter-deck cut down, and we shipped water at every pitch of the vessel. I landed on the jetty. On the 2nd of January 1792, I once more trod my native soil, which was soon again to slip from under ray feet I brought with me no Esquimaux from the Polar regions, but two savages of an unknown species: Chactas and Atala.

END OF VOL. I

INDEX OF PERSONS MENTIONED IN THE SIX VOLUMES

A Aaron, vi. 135 Aaron the Hermit, Saint, i. 24,30; ii. Abailard (See Abélard) d'Abbéville, Comtesse, i. 29 Abbon the Crooked, iii. 59 Abd-el-Kader, iii. 111; vi. 99 Abdul-Medjid Sultan of Turkey, v. 51 Abel, iii. 39; vi. 25 Abélard, Peter, i. 94; ii. 184, 310-311 Abercromby, Sir Ralph, i. 224 Abercromby, Sir Robert, i. 224 Aberdeen, George Gordon, fourth Earl of, iii. 49 Abigail, vi. 237 Abou Gosch, vi. 105 d'Abrantès, Andoche Junot, Duc, iv. 164 d'Abrantès, Laure Permon-Comnène, Duchesse, iv. 149, 207-214 Acerbi, Virginia, vi. 65 Achard, Comte, i. 106; ii. 24 Achmet III. Sultan of Turkey A'Court (see Heytesbury) Adalbéron Archbishop of Rheims, iv. 112 Adalgarius (see Oger) Adam, ii. 245; v. 9; vi. 89, 111, 206 Adams, President of the United States of America, John, i. 252 Adelaide of Savoy, Queen of France, later Dame de Montmorency, iv. 209 Adélaïde Princess of France, Madame, i. 160,177; vi. 69, 197 Adélaïde, known as Mademoiselle d'Orléans, Madame, v. 128, 156-157, 161 Addison, Joseph, ii. 86, 121; iv. 246-247; v. 57 Ader, Jean Joseph, v. 96 Admetes King of the Molossians, iii. 189 Adrian I., Pope, i. 74 Adrian (see also Hadrian) Æmilius Paulus Macedonicus, Lucius, iii. 34; iv. 259; vi. 50 Æschylus, i. 82; ii. 124 Affre, Archbishop of Paris, Denis Auguste, vi. 263 Agier, M., i. 97 d'Agincourt, Jean Baptiste Louis Georges Seroux, ii. 230-231 Agnes of Savoy, Dame de Bourbon, iv. 209 d'Agoult, Vicomtesse, v. 363, 408-409 Agricola, the Emperor, ii. 201 Agrippina, the Empress, i. 234; ii. 33, 258 Agrippina Julia, the Empress, ii. 258 d'Aguesseau, Marquis, ii. 146 d'Aguesseau, Marie Cathérine de Lamoignon, Marquise, ii. 146-147, 155 d'Aguesseau, Henri Cardin Jean Baptiste Comte, iii. 29 d'Aguesseau, Henri François Chancelier, i. 135; iii. 29 Ahasuerus (see Assuerus) Ahenobarbus, Domitianus, ii. 258 d'Aiguillon, Armand de Wignerod-Duplessis-Richelieu, Duc, i. 163; iii. 13 d'Aiguillon, Armand Désiré de Wignerod-Duplessis-Richelieu, Duc, i. 163 d'Aiguillon, Duchesse, i. 174 Ain (see Girod de l'Ain) Alan III. Count of Brittany, i. 6 Alan IV. Duke of Brittany, ii. 137 Alaric I. King of the Visigoths, iii. 51, 224; iv. 180, 226; v. 334; vi. 50, 247 Alaric II. King of the Visigoths, i. 24 Albani, Giuseppe Cardinal, v. 5-6, 18, 30, 33, 35, 39, 46-49, 52 Albani, Francesco, vi. 110 Albany, Countess of (see Louisa of Stolberg, Queen of England) Albéric, ii. 30 Alberoni, Giulio Cardinal, v. 15-16; vi. 200 Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prince Consort of Great Britain and Ireland, iv. 47; vi. 207 Albert Duke of Prussia, iv. 37 Albert of Prussia, Prince Henry, iv. 33, 271 Albert Duke of Saxe-Teschen, v. 127; vi. 58 d'Albert, Julie, i. 65 Albertus Magnus, i. 27 Alcibiades, iii. 45, 96; iv. 72, 123-124; v. 229 Aldus Manutius (see Manutius) d'Alembert, Jean Baptiste Le Rond, ii. 172, 180, 187 Alexander III., Pope, v. 12 Alexander VI., Pope, v. 13 Alexander VII., Pope, v. 14 Alexander VIII., Pope, v. 15 Alexander III. King of Macedon, i. 196,229; ii. 159; iii. 149, 186, 195, 202-203, 205, 220-221, 224; iv. 75, 176, 192, 255, 264; v. 14, 298, 403; vi. 236 Alexander IV. King of Macedon, iv. 192 Alexander I. Tsar of All the Russias, i. xxi, 65, 99; ii. 232, 289; iii. 30, 49, 50, 57-64, 72-73, 77, 86, 92, 94, 98, 107, 144-146, 149, 157, 172, 186, 194, 211; iv. 33, 36, 67, 104, 118, 122, 146, 166, 203-204, 236, 277, 281; v. 272, 387, 398; vi. 45 Alexander II. Tsar of All the Russias, iv. 74, 271 Alexander, Captain, iii. 225 Alexandra Feodorowna of Russia, Charlotte of Prussia, Empress, i. 99; iv. 33, 35-36, 271 Alfieri, Vittorio Conte, i. xxiii; ii. 202-203; iv. 249-251 : v. 55 Alfred King of England, ii. 140 Allart de Merftens, Hortense Dame, vi. 174 Almazan (see Saint-Priest) d'Alopeus, David Count, iv. 36 d'Alopeus, Countess, iv. 36 d'Alopeus (see also La Ferronnays) Alphonsus King of Aragon, i. 9 Alphonsus IX. King of Castile, ii. 256 Alphonsus I. Duke of Ferrara, iv. 42; v. 13; vi. 92 Alphonsus II. Duke of Ferrara, v. 330; vi. 82, 84-87, 92, 100 Alphonsus V. King of Leon and Asturias, v. 377 Alphonsus II. King of Naples, v. 13 Alphonsus IV. King of Portugal, vi. 24 Alphonsus of Biscelglie, v. 13 Altieri, Victoria Boncompagni-Ludovisi degli Principi di Piombino, Principessa, iv. 256 Amador Bishop of Auxerre, ii. 43 Amalasontha Queen of the Ostrogoths, iv. 227 d'Amboise (see Choiseul et d'Amboise) Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, Saint, iii. 30 d'Ambrugeac, Louis Alexandre Marie Valon de Boucheron, Comte, v. 106 Amherst, William Pitt first Earl, iii. 211 Ampère, André Marie, v. 261, 389 Ampère, Jean Jacques, ii. 217; iv. 213, 254; v. 261, 389; vi. 223 Anacreon, i. 131; iii. 29; v. 257; vi. 13 Ancillon, Jean Pierre Fréderic, iv. 34, 60-61, 102; v. 91 Ancillon, Madame, iv. 34 d'Ancre, Baron de Lussigny, Concino Concini, Marquis, vi. 28 d'Andilly, Robert Arnauld, known as Arnauld, v. 54 d'Andrezel, Christophe François Thérèse Picon, Comte, i. 106-107,111 Angelo (see Malipieri) d'Angély (see Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély) d'Angennes, née Cottereau, Dame, vi. 238 Angles, Jules Jean Baptiste Comte, iii. 100; iv. 7 d'Angoulême, Duc (see Louis XIX. King of France and Navarre) d'Angoulême, Duchesse (see Marie-Thérèse Queen of France) d'Angoulême, Comtesse, i. 120 Aniche, Dame, iv. 24-25, 59 Anna Maria of Orleans, Queen of Sardinia, iv. 251 "Anna-Marie," pseud. (see d'Hautefeuille, Comtesse) Anne of Prussia, Electress of Brandenburg, iv. 37 Anne Queen of England, v. 333 Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, ii. 138 Anne Duchess of Brittany, Empress, Queen of France, i. 27,141 Anne of Austria, Queen of France, i. 126; ii. 151, 172; iv. 245; v. 101 Anne of Russia, Queen of the Netherlands, iii. 144; vi. 185 Anne Empress of Russia, i. 13; vi. 101 Année, Antoine, v. 96 Annibal (see Hannibal) Anselme, Pierre de Gibours, known as Père, i. 5 Anson, George first Lord, i. 126 Anspach, Elizabeth Berkeley, Lady Craven, later Margravine of, iv. 161 Antar, i. 122 Anthony, Saint, ii. 43; iv. 230 Anthony of Padua, Saint, vi. 104 Anthony King of Navarre, ii. 279 Anthony Duke of Parma, v. 15 Anthony King of Saxony, iv. 231 Antigonus King of Asia, iv. 75 Antiochus King of Syria, iv. 75; vi. 247 Antipater Viceroy of Macedon, iv. 75 Antomarchi, Dr. Francesco, iii. 216-218 d'Antonelle, Pierre Antoine Marquis, iv. 18 Antoninus, the Emperor, ii. 62 Antonio, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's Venetian guide, vi. 53, 63-65, 104 Antony, Marcus Antonius, known as Mark, ii. 122 d'Antremont (see Bourdic) Antrodocco (see Frimont) Apelles, vi. 57, 180 Appius Claudius (see Claudius Crassus) Apollodorus, iv. 256 Apponyi, Anton Rodolf Count, v. 17, 146 Aquaviva of Aragon, Cardinal, v. 15 Arago, Dominique François Jean, v. 106, 115, 156, 206; vi. 169 d'Arblay, Fanny Burney, Dame, ii. 126 Arc (see Joan of Arc) Archilochus, v. 56 Archimedes, vi. 122 Arezzo, Tommaso Cardinal, v. 6 d'Argentre, Bertrand, i. 5 d'Argout, Apollinaire Antoine Maurice Comte, v. 111, 113-114, 116; vi. 99-100 Ariosto, Ludovico, ii. 220; iv. 42-43, 228; vi. 78-79, 82, 87, 92, 100 Ariosto the Younger, vi. 82 Aristogiton, vi. 180 Aristophanes, ii. 124; vi. 9 Aristotle, v. 70 Armani, Signor, vi. 51 Armani, Signorina, vi. 51 d'Armano (see Corday) Arnaud (see Gibert-Amaud) Arnauld, Abbé Antoine, iv. 245 Arnauld, Antoine, v. 54 Arnauld (see also d'Andilly and Pomponne) Arnott, Dr., iii. 217 d'Arnouville (see Machault d'Arnouville) Arouet (see Voltaire) Arrhidæus King of Macedon, iv. 192 Arrighi, Giuseppe Filippo, iii. 106 d'Arsoli, Camillo Massimiliano Massimo, Principe, iv. 238 Artaud de Montor, Alfred Frédéric Chevalier, ii. 219; iii. 122 Artaxerxes I. King of Persia, iii. 189 Artevelde, Jacob van, iii. 138 Arthur II. Duke of Brittany, i. 9 Artois, Robert Count of, ii. 73 d'Artois, Comte (see Charles X. King of France and Navarre) Asdrubal (see Hasdrubal) Asgill, Sir Charles, i. 216-217 "Ashwood, Sir," v. 16 Aspasia, i. 244; iii. 45; iv. 117; v. 25; vi. 172 d'Aspremont, Comte, vi. 46 Assuerus King of the Medes and Persians, v. 383 Astley, Philip, vi. 68 Astolf King of the Lombards, iv. 228 Atawulf King of the Visigoths, iv. 227 Athalric King of the Ostrogoths, iv. 227 Athenæus, i. 259; vi. 180, 247 Attalus, the Emperor, iii. 88 Atticus Herodes, Tiberias Claudius vi. 154-155 Attila King of the Huns, i. 212; ii. 185; iii. 47, 90, 157, 224; v. 58, 334; vi. 50 d'Aubeterre, Joseph Henri Bouchard, Maréchal Marquis, ii. 41-42 Aubiac, ii. 172 d'Aubigné, Charles, vi. 240 d'Aubigné, Geneviève Piètre, Dame, vi. 240 d'Aubigné, Constant, vi. 241 d'Aubigné, Théodore Agrippa, vi. 241 Audry de Puyravault (see Puyravault) d'Auerstädt, Prince d'Eckmühl, Louis Nicolas Davout, Maréchal Duc, iii. 164 Augereau (see Castiglione) Auguis, Pierre René, iii. 21 Augustine, Saint, i. 31; ii. 154; vi. 6 Augustulus, the Emperor, vi. 195 Augustus, the Emperor, i. 68; v. 8 Augustus II. King of Poland, Frederic Augustus I. Elector of Saxony, later, vi. 101 Augustus of Prussia, Prince, iv. 34, 172-173 d'Aulnay, Comte Lepelletier, i. 135 d'Aulnay, née de Rosanbo, Comtesse Lepelletier, i. 135 Aulne (see Turgot) d'Aulps (see Blacas d'Aulps) Aulus Gellius (see Gellius) d'Aumale, Henri Eugène Philippe Louis d'Orléans, Duc, ii. 110, 293 d'Auvergne, Charles, ii. 65 d'Auvergne, Philippe (see Bouillon) d'Avaray, Antoine Louis Frédéric de Bésiade, Comte, later Duc, ii. 301; iv. 8-9 d'Avaray, Claude Antoine de Bésiade, Duc, ii. 301 d'Avaray, née de Mailly, Duchesse, ii. 301 Avenel, Denis Louis Martial, v. 95 Azara, José Nicola de, ii. 230 B Bacciochi, later Prince of Lucca and Piombino, Félix Pascal Prince, ii. 166 Bacciochi, Élisa Bonaparte, Princess (see Élisa Grand-duchess of Tuscany) Bachaumont, François le Coigneux de, ii. 207 Bacon, Sir Francis (see St. Albans) Baedeker, Karl, vi. 266 Bagration, Princess, vi. 120 Bail, M., iii. 133 Bail, Dame, iii. 133-134 Bailly, Jean Sylvain, i. 160-161,165 Bajazet II. Sultan of Turkey, iii. 179 Balagni, Madame de, v. 401 Balbi, Anne Jacoby Caumont La Force, Comtesse de, iv. 9-10 Baldwin I. Emperor of the East and IX. Count of Flanders, vi. 69 Ballanche, Pierre Simon, ii. 198, 214, 229, 303, 310, 319; iv. 149, 162, 172, 180, 213; v. 89, 199; vi. 258-260, 262 Balmaine, Alexander Count de, iii. 210-211 Balsamo (see Cagliostro) Balue (see La Balue) Balzac, Honoré de, i. 111; v. 202; vi. 156 Balzac d'Entragues (see d'Entragues) Baptiste, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's valet, v. 250, 256, 325-326, 330, 349-350, 352; vi. 8, 24, 129 Barante, Aimable Guillaume Prosper Brugière, Baron de, iv. 28, 285 Barante, Césarine de Houdetot, Baronne de, iv. 285 Barante, Claude Ignace Brugière de, ii. 303 Barba, Victor, v. 121 Barbara of Austria, Duchess of Ferrara, vi. 82, 84 Barbarelli (see Giorgione) Barbarini, Signora, iv. 37 Barbauld, Anna Letitia Aiken, Mrs., ii. 126 Barberini, Cardinal, iv. 245 Barberini-Colonna di Palestrina (see Palestrina) Barbet, Auguste, vi. 216 Barbieri (see Guercino) Barboux, M., v. 96 Barcarola, Nina, iv. 245 Barchou de Penhoen (see Penhoen) Bardi, Beatrice Portinari, Signora de', iv. 225-227 Bareau de Girac, Bishop of Rennes, François, i. 152 Barentin, Charles Louis François de, ii. 177, iv. 43 Barentin, Abbess of the Annunciation, Dame de, iv. 43 Barère de Vieuzac, Bertrand, i. 143; ii. 26-27, 85 Bargemont (see Villeneuve-Bargemont) Barillon, Nicolas, v. 50 Barnage, Maître, iv. 110 Baro, Balthazar, ii. 303 Baroni, Leonora (see Castellani) Baronnais (see La Baronnais) Barrande, M., v. 361, 363, 365, 367; vi. 37, 136-137 Barozzi (see Vignola) Barrocchio (see Vignola) Barrois, Colonel, ii. 262 Barron, F.S.A., Mr. Oswald, vi. 266 Barrot, Camille Hyacinthe Odilon, iii. 117; v. 95, 113, 128, 152-153 Barrucand, M. Victor, iii. 213 Barry (see Du Barry) Bart, Jean, iv. 34-35 Bartas (see Du Bartas) Barthe, Félix, v. 95, 265-266, 302 Barthélemy, Abbé Jean Jacques, ii. 9 Barthélemy, Auguste Marseille, v. 214-216 Bartoli, Daniello, vi. 79 Bartolozzi, Francesco, iv. 162 Bartram, William, i. 238 Basel the Hermit, Saint, i. 43 Basil, Saint, i. 103 Basil II. Emperor of the East, v. 376 Baslé, Jean, i. 108 Bassano, Bernard Hugues Maret, Duc de, ii. 26; iii. 65, 168 Bassompierre, François Maréchal Baron de, i. 114-117; v. 383, 402 Bastide, Jules, v. 109, 137, 140-141 Basville, Chrétien François de Lamoignon, Marquis de, ii. 100 Bathsheba (see Bethsabee) Bathurst, Allen Erst Earl, iv. 80-81 Bathurst, Henry third Earl, iii. 215; iv. 80-81, 89, 287 Bathurst, Lady Louisa Georgiana, iv. 81 Bathurst, Lady Emily Charlotte (see Ponsonby) Bathurst, Miss, iv. 81, 287-288 Baude, Jean Jacques Baron, iv. 7; v. 96-97, 112, 115-116, 144, 210 Baudry, Vicomte de, vi. 253 Baudry, Baron de, vi. 253-254 Baudry, Anne Louise de Chateaubriand, Baronne de, vi. 253 Bauffremont-Courtenay, Théodore Démetrius Prince de, vi. 38, 128, 138 Bauffremont-Courtenay, Anne Laurence de Montmorency, Princesse de, vi. 38, 77, 128, 138 Baulny (see Baudry) Bausset, Bishop of Alais, Louis François Cardinal Duc de, iii. 18-20 Baville (see Lamoignon de Baville) Bavoux, Jacques François Nicolas, v. 96, 115 Bayard, Pierre du Terrail, Chevalier de, ii. 107, 215; iii. 6; iv. 228; v. 151-152; vi. 26 Bayard, Dame de, v. 151-152 Bayganuet, Sire de, ii. 205 Bayle, Pierre, ii. 183-184 Baylis, the printer, ii. 71-72, 76-77, 80, 97 Bazancourt, Colonel, ii. 262 Beatrice (see Bardi) Beattie, James, ii. 129 Beattie the Younger, ii. 129 Beaufort, née de Chateaubriand, Marquise de, ii. 333 Beaufort, Renée Dame of, i. 6 Beaufort (see also Chateaubriand and d'Estrées) Beauharnais, Alexandre Vicomte de, ii. 261; iii. 17; iv. 165; vi. 161 Beauharnais, Eugène de (see Leuchtenberg) Beaujolais, Louis d'Orléans, Comte de, iv. 161 Beaulieu, Geoffroy de, vi. 139 Beaumanoir, John Lord of, i. 9 Beaumarchais, Pierre Auguste Caron de, i. 128,132,173 Beaumont, Archbishop of Paris, Christophe de, ii. 180 Beaumont, Christophe François Comte de, i. 174 Beaumont, Pauline Marie Michelle Frédérique Ulrique de Montmorin- Saint-Hérem, Comtesse de, i. 174; ii. 167-168, 172-177, 213, 223-243, 246, 248, 295, 302, 306, 311, 316-318; iii. 7, 131; iv. 165, 183, 221, 233, 238; v. 48, 319; vi. 6 Beaumont de La Bonnière, Gustave Auguste de, ii. 295 Beaupoil de Saint-Aulaire (see Saint-Aulaire) Beaurepaire (see d'Hautefeuille) Beauvau, Charles Juste Maréchal Duc de, i. 119 Beauvilliers, Paul Due de, vi. 246 Beauvilliers Saint-Aignan (see Chalais-Périgord) Becdelièvre-Penhouët, Comte de, i. 146 Becquet, Étienne, v. 96 Bedée, Alexis Marquis de, i. 146 Bedée, Seigneur de La Boüétardais, Ange Annibal Comte de, i. 14 Bedée, Marie Antoine Bénigne de Bedée de La Boüétardais, Comte de, i. 17, 22-23, 74 152; ii. 4-5, 9, 54, 62, 64-65, 69, 77, 82, 118-120 Bedée, Marie Angélique Fortunée Cécile Ginguené, Comtesse de, i. 23; ii. 5, 9, 62, 64 Bedée, Marie Anne de Ravenel du Boisteilleul, Dame de i. 14, 17, 21-22 Bedée, Charlotte Suzanne Marie, known as Caroline de, i. 22-23, ii. 5, 9, 62, 64, 119-120 Bedée, Flore de, i. 22-23, ii. 5, 9, 62, 64, 119 Bedée, Marie de, i. 22-23, ii. 5, 9, 62, 64, 119 Bedée (see also La Boüétardais) Bedford, John Russell, sixth Duke of, iv. 79 Bédoyère (see La Bédoyère) Beethoven, Ludwig van, ii. 332 Beker, Nicolas Léonard Comte, iii. 188 Belgiojoso, Cristina Trivulzio, Principessa, v. 202, 286 Belinaye (see La Belinaye) Bellarmine, Archbishop of Capua, Roberto Cardinal Bellarmino, known as Cardinal, vi. 259 Bellart, Nicolas François, iv. 7 Bellay, Bishop of Bayonne, later Archbishop of Paris, Jean Cardinal du, iv. 243; v. 14, 50 Belle-Isle, Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, Maréchal Duc de, vi. 201 Belle-Isle, Nicolas Fouquet, Marquis de, vi. 201 Bellini, Giovanni, vi. 48-49 Bellocq, M., v. 28, 31, 48-49 Belloy, Madame du, ii. 100 Bellune, Victor Perrin, Maréchal Duc de, iii. 95, 129; iv. 62 Bellune, Julie Vosch van Avesaat, Maréchale Duchesse de, iii. 129 Bellune, née Muguet, Maréchale Duchesse de, iii. 129 Belsunce, Comte de, i. 13 Belsunce de Castel Moron, Bishop of Marseilles, Henri François Xavier de, ii. 202; v. 231 Bembo, Pietro Cardinal, vi. 79, 103 Bénard (see Fleury) Benedict XIV., Pope, iv. 234; v. 15 Benedict XIII., Anti-pope (see Luna, Pedro de) Bénévent (see Talleyrand-Périgord) Benjamin, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's gardener, iii. 8 Benoît, Frédéric, v. 254 Benoît the Elder, v. 254 Benoît, Dame, v. 254 Bentivoglio, Archbishop of Carthage, Cornelio Cardinal, vi. 79 Bentivoglio, Guido Cardinal, vi. 79 Bentivoglio, Ercole, vi. 79 Benvenuti, Giacomo Antonio Cardinal, iv. 235; v. 6, 8, 23 Béranger, Pierre Jean de, ii. 132-133, 152-153; iii. 68, 199; iv. 140; v. 206-209, 260, 270, 291; vi. 10, 23, 174, 262 Bérard, Auguste Simon Louis, v. 96, 116-117 Bérard, Pierre Clement, v. 267 Berengarius I. Marquis of Ivrea, King of Italy, ii. 202 Berengarius II. Marquis of Ivrea, King of Italy, ii. 202 Bérenger (see Chatillon) Berenice Queen of Chalcis, later Queen of Cilicia, vi. 247 Bergasse, Nicolas, i. 175 Berger, Mayor of the 2nd Ward of Paris, v. 236 Bergerac, Savinien Cyrano de, v. 70 Bériot, Charles Auguste de, vi. 175 Bériot (see also Malibran) Bermond, M. de, v. 244 Bernadotte (see Charles XIV. King of Sweden and Norway and Désirée Queen of Sweden) Bernard, Saint, ii. 184, 310 Bernard, Jean, iv. 149 Bernard, Madame, iv. 149, 173 Bernard, Louis Rose Désiré, v. 96 Bernard, Master, v. 351; vi. 266 Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, Jacques Henri, ii. 9-10, 63, 133; iii. 30; vi. 176 Bernetti, Tommaso Cardinal, iv. 234-235, 290, 293, 300-301; v. 4, 8, 45-46, 52; vi. 95 Bernis, François Joachim Cardinal de Pierres de, ii. 166, 230, 238; iv. 38 Bernstorff, Christian Gunther Count von, iv. 34, 60, 102; vi. 45 Berry, Charles Duc de, vi. 246 Berry, Charles Ferdinand Duc de, i. 97, 160; ii. 54, 63-64, 152-153, 259, 278; iii. 89, 119, 126, 144, 156, 158, 161; iv. 8, 11, 17, 21-23, 25; v. 161, 168, 190, 215, 226, 236, 303-304, 394, 410; vi. 28, 38, 123, 185, 193, 255 Berry, Marie Caroline Ferdinande Louise Duchesse de, ii. 152-154, 156, 208; iii. 156; iv. 16, 24, 135, 196; v. 81, 101, 144, 147, 151, 157-158, 160, 209, 215, 221-229, 235-239, 241-242, 244-246, 265-266, 269, 302-311, 320-325, 327, 340, 359, 362, 365-366, 369, 375, 384, 391, 405-408, 414-415; vi. 9, 22, 25-27, 36-39, 47, 61, 77-78, 80, 94-102, 118, 128-130, 132, 135-136, 139, 156, 163, 192-193, 229-235, 243 Berryer the Elder, Pierre Nicolas Berryer, known as, v. 246 Berryer the Younger, Pierre Antoine Berryer, known as, v. 246-248, 259, 264-266, 269, 302, 309-310; vi. 249, 256 Bertrin, Abbé Georges, vi. 256 Berstoecher, M., ii. 193; iv. 121 Bert, M., v. 96 Bertalozzi, Francesco Cardinal, v. 8 Berthe de Rohan, Queen of Spain and France, H.M., ii. 279 Berthelin, the Polytechnic scholar, v. 107 Berthier (see Wagram) Berthois, Auguste Marie Baron, v. 135 Berthollet, Claude Louis Comte, ii. 188 Bertier de Sauvigny, Lieutenant Albert Anne Jules, v. 108 Bertier de Sauvigny, Louis Bénigne François, i. 161; v. 108 Bertin the Elder, Louis François Bertin, known as, ii. 175, 223, 229; iii. 8, 125, 132; iv. 100-101; v. 29, 260, 368 Bertin the Younger, Pierre Louis Bertin, known as Bertin de Vaux or, ii. 175, 223; iii. 125, 132; iv. 100-101, 260; v. 368 Bertrand, Henri Gratien Comte, iii. 81, 188, 192, 210 Bertrand, née Dillon, Comtesse, iii. 192, 210 Bertrand, Captain, iii. 16 Berwick, James Fitzjames, Duke of, iv. 67 Besenval, Pierre Victor Baron de, i. 177; iii. 139 Besnardière (see La Besnardière) Bessarion, Archbishop of Nicosa, later of Siponto, Patriarch of Constantinople, Johannes Cardinal, vi. 49 Bessus Satrap of Bactriana, iii. 149 Bethsabee, vi. 237 Bettio, Abbate Pietro, vi. 53, 55-57 Beugnot, Jacques Claude Comte, iii. 99, 127, 129-130, 178 Beurnonville, Pierre Ruel, Maréchal Marquis de, iii. 73 Bevilacqua, Cardinal, vi. 91 Béville, Marquis de, iii. 5 Béville (see also Lavalette) Beyle (see Stendhal) Bezout, Étienne, i. 44 Bianca Capello, Grand-duchess of Tuscany, vi. 238 Billard, A., v. 96 Billarderie (see Flahaut de La Billarderie) Billardière (see Launay de La Billardière) Billaud-Varenne, Jacques Nicolas, ii. 18 Billecocq, Adolphe, iv. 102 Billing, Baron, i. 185 Billot, M., v. 97 Biré, M. Edmond, i. xvi-xvii, 5, 33; iv. 92, 215-219, 284; v. 360; vi. 145, 180, 229-235, 248-265 Biron, Charles de Gontaut, Duc de, ii. 121 Biron, Louis Antoine de Gontaut, Duc de, i. 51, 176 Biron (see also Lauzun) Bisceglie (see Alphonsus of Bisceglie) Bissy, Claude VIII. de Thiard, Comte de, v. 162 Bissy (see also Thiard-Bissy and Thiard de Bissy) Bivar (see Diaz de Bivar) Bjorn the Scandinavian, ii. 217 Blacas d'Aulps, Pierre Louis Casimir Duc de, iii. 100, 102, 124-127, 159, 171-175; iv. 8-9, 59, 132-133; v. 28-29, 34, 45, 52, 341-343, 352, 357-359, 363, 365-366, 368-369, 374-375, 378, 383-385, 408, 415; vi. 26, 117-118, 120, 129, 135, 138-139, 193 Blacas d'Aulps, the Great Warrior, v. 385 Blacas d'Aulps, the troubadour, v. 385 Blair, Rev. Hugh, ii. 121 Blaize, Ange, vi. 216 Blanc, Jean Joseph Charles Louis, v. 119-120, 140 Blanche of Castile, Queen of France, ii. 256; v. 225, 377 Blessington, Charles John Gardiner, first Earl of, iv. 73 Blessington, Marguerite Power, Countess of, iv. 73 Bletterie (see La Bletterie) Blin, Joseph Marie Jacques, i. 153 Blitersdorff, Quarter-master, ii. 260 Blondel, the troubadour, v. 377 Blossac, M. de, ii. 314 Blossac, Madame de, ii. 314 Blücher (see Wahlstadt) Boccaccio, Giovanni, iv. 185; v. 229-230 Bodsey, the publisher, ii. 97 Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus, iv. 227 Boigne, Benoît Comte de, ii. 103 Boigne, née d'Osmond, Comtesse de, ii. 103; v. 106 Bohain, Victor, v. 96 Boileau-Despréaux, Nicolas, i. 133; ii. 100, 179, 187, 293; iii. 10, 33; iv. 247; v. 53; vi. 240 Boisé-Lucas the Elder, M. Delaunay, iii. 13 Boisé-Lucas the Younger, M. iii. 13, 16-17 Boisgarein, François Nicolas Magon, Seigneur de, i. 51 Boisgarein, Élisabeth Anne Dame de, i. 51 Boisgelin, Louis Brune Comte de, i. 152 Boisgelin, née de Boufflers, Comtesse de, i. 152 Boisgelin de Cicé, Archbishop of Aix, later of Tours, Jean-de-Dieu Raymond Cardinal de, ii. 103 Bois de La Ferronnière (see Du Bois de La Ferronnière) Boishamon, M. du, i. 23 Boishue, Jean Baptiste René de Guehenneuc, Comte de, i. 154; ii. 38 Boishue (see also Guehenneuc de Boishue) Boisrobert, Abbé Francis Le Metel, Sieur de, v. 55 Boissonade, Jean François, iii. 8 Boissy, Hilaire Étienne Octave Rouillé, Marquis de, ii. 136; iv. 227; v. 89 Boissy (see also Guiccioli) Boistelleul, Jean Baptiste Joseph Eugène de Ravenel, Comte du, i. 67, 69 Boistelleul, Captain Hyacinthe Eugène Pierre de Ravenel du, i. 67 Boistelleul, Pauline Zoé Marie de Farcy de Montavallon, Dame de Ravenel du, i. 67 Boistelleul, Mademoiselle de, i. 17, 21-23; ii. 120; vi. 127, 173 Bojardo, Conte di Scandiano, Matteo Maria, vi. 78-79 Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, first Viscount, v. 57 Bolivar, President of Columbia, Simon, i. xxi; iv. 291-292 Bolton, William Orde-Powlett, second Lord, ii. 68 Bolzona, Count, v. 404 Bon, Dame, ii. 277 Bonald, Louis Gabriel Ambroise Vicomte de, i. 97; ii. 167, 168, 170, 187, 198; iv. 16 Bonaparte, Prince Charles Napoléon Louis, iv. 241; v. 58, 297 Bonaparte, Charlotte Bonaparte, Princesse, iv. 241 Bonaparte, known as Madame Mère, Maria Letizia Ramolino, Dame, ii. 166, 213; iii. 64, 108-109; iv. 10 Bonaparte, Christine Éléonore Boyer, Dame, ii. 166 Bonaparte, Elizabeth Patterson, Dame, iii. 200 Bonaparte, Jerome (see Jerome King of Westphalia) Bonaparte, Joseph (see Joseph King of Naples, later of Spain) Bonaparte, Louis (see Louis King of Holland) Bonaparte, Prince Louis Napoléon (see Napoleon III. Emperor of the French) Bonaparte, Lucien (see Canino) Bonaparte, Napoleon (see Napoleon I. Emperor of the French, King of Italy) Bonaparte Caroline (see Caroline Queen of Naples) Bonaparte, Élisa (see Élisa Grand-duchess of Tuscany) Bonaparte, Marie Alexandrine Charlotte Louise Laurence de Bleschamp, Dame (see Canino) Bonaparte, Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de La Pagerie, Vicomtesse de Beauharnais, later Dame (see Joséphine Empress of the French) Bonaparte, Pauline (see Borghese) Bonaparte (see also Buonaparte) Bonaventure, Saint, i. xxx Bonchamp, General Artus de, ii. 53, 107; v. 245 Bonchamp, Dame de, ii. 53 Bondy, Pierre Marie Comte de Taillepied de, v. 229, 235-238 Bondy, Comtesse de Taillepied de, v. 134 Boniface VIII., Pope, v. 48 Boniface IX., Pope, v. 13 Bonnay, François Marquis de, i. 175, 176; ii. 247; iv. 32-33, 43-44 Bonnet, M., iv. 67 Bonnet de Malherbe, Dr., vi. 154 Bonnevie, Abbé Pierre Étienne de, ii. 214, 221, 235, 307 Bonnière (see Beaumont de La Bonnière) Bonrecueil, M. de, v. 244 Bonstetten, Charles Victor de, iv. 250, 258 Boquet, Pierre Jean, ii. 231; iv. 238 Borde (see La Borde) Bordeaux, Duc de (see Henry V. King of France and Navarre) Bordesoulle, Étienne Tardif de Pommeroux, Comte de, v. 148 Bordier, M., i. 178 Bordone, Paride or Paris, vi. 49 Borel (see Fauche-Borel) Borghese, Camillo Principe, ii. 223-224 Borghese, Duchess of Guastalla, Pauline Bonaparte, Principessa, ii. 223-224, 237; iii. 108, 113, 215-216; iv. 184, 248-249 Borghese, Principessa, iv. 248 Borgia, Duc de Valentinois, Cesare, iv. 229; v. 13 Borgne (see Le Borgne) Borromeo (see Charles Cardinal Count Borromeo, Archbishop of Milan, Saint) Bossinot de Vauvert (see Vauvert) Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux, Jacques Bénigne, i. 102, 151, 234; ii. 151, 201, 292, 336; iii. 18-19, 33, 129; iv. 127, 292; v. 84-86, 177, 388, 403; vi. 25 Boucher, Abbé, v. 140 Boüétardais (see Bedée and La Boüétardais) Boüétiez, Chevalier de, i. 8 Boufflers, Louis François Maréchal de, iii. 27 Boufflers, Joseph Marie Duc de, iii. 27 Boufflers, née de Beauvais-Craon, Marquise de, iii. 27 Boufflers, Stanislas Chevalier de, i. 152; iii. 26-27; iv. 164 Boufflers, Comtesse de Sabran, later Dame de, iv. 164 Boufflers, Louis de, iii. 27 Bougainville, Louis Antoine de, i. xxi. Bougon, Dr., vi. 193 Bouillé, Marquise de, v. 363; vi. 136 Bouillerie (see La Bouillerie) Bouillet, Marie Nicolas, vi. 88, 266 Bouillon, Godefroy Duc de, ii. 65; iv. 138 Bouillon, Henri de La Tourd'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Duc de, iii. 27 Bouillon, Philippe d'Auvergne, Prince de, ii. 65 Bouillon (see also Godfrey of Bouillon, King of Jerusalem) Boulin, Joseph, i. 108 Boulogne, Bishop of Troyes, later Archbishop of Vienne, Étienne Antoine de, ii. 180 Bounelet, Sieur, ii. 277 Bourbon, Charles Cardinal de, iii. 74-75 Bourbon, Charles Connétable Duc de, v. 16, 58 Bourbon, Louis Henri Duc de, vi. 200 Bourbon, Archambaud VII. Sire de, iv. 209 Bourbon, Louis Henri Joseph Duc de (see Condé, Louis VI. Prince de) Bourbon, Louise d'Orléans, Duchesse de (see Condé) Bourdaloue, Louis, ii. 100 Bourdasse, Jacques, i. 108 Bourdic, later Dame Viot, Marie Anne Henriette Payan de L'Étang, Marquise d'Antremont, later, vi. 174 Bourdonnais (see La Bourdonnais) Bourdonnaye (see La Bourdonnaye) Bourdonnaye-Montluc (see La Bourdonnaye-Montluc) Bourg (see Du Bourg) Bourges, Clémence de, vi. 173 Bourgoing, Chevalier de, iv. 102 Bourgogne, Louis Duc de (see Louis Duc de Bourgogne, later Dauphin of France) Bourmont, Louis Auguste Victor de Ghaisne, Comte Maréchal de, v. 72, 81-84, 95, 244-245, 323 Bourmont, Adolphe de, v. 82, 244 Bourmont, Charles de, v. 82, 244 Bourgueney, François Adolphe Comte de, i. 185 Bourrienne, Louis Antoine Fauvelet de, ii. 251, 270; iii. 86 Boutet (see Mars and Monvel) Bouthillier de Rancé (see Rancé) Boutin, M., ii. 27 Brabant (see Geneviève of Brabant) Bracciano, Giovanni Torlonia, Principe Duca di, iv. 262; v. 19 Bracciano-Orsini (see Orsini) Brackenridge, Henry M., i. 252 Bragadino, Marco Antonio, vi. 59 Brahe, Tycho, v. 387 Bramante, Donato d'Agnolo, iv. 230 Brancas, née de Colbert-Montboissier, Dame de, v. 291 Brandon (see Hamilton) Braunfels (see Solm-Braunfels) Breil de Pontbriand, Vicomtesse de, i. 150 Brémond, M. de, vi. 70 Brennus, v. 305 Breteuil, Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier, Baron de, i. 132, 156; ii. 31; iii. 125 Breton (see Le Breton) Breuning, Fräulein Eleonora, ii. 332 Briche (see La Briche) Brien, Jean, iii. 14 Brienne, Archbishop of Sens, Étienne Charles de Loménie, Comte de, i. 141 Brienne, Henri Auguste Comte de Loménie de, ii. 152 Brienne, Comtesse de Loménie de, ii. 152 Brignon, Seigneur de Laher, Nicolas Jean, i. 13 Brignon, Marie Anne Le Tendu, Dame, 13 Brillat-Savarin, Anthelme, iv. 167-168 Brinvilliers, Marie Marguerite Dreux d'Avray, Marquise de, ii. 163 Briot, Pierre Joseph, ii. 223 Briqueville, Armand François Bon Claude Comte de, v. 209-210, 213 Briqueville the Elder, Comte de, v. 209 Briqueville, Comtesse de, v. 209 Brissac (see Cossé-Brissac) Brisson, Barnabé Président, ii. 21 Brissot de Warville, Jean Pierre, ii. 14 Britannicus, Claudius Tiberius Germanicus, known as, ii. 258 Britard (see Brizard) Brittany, Giles of (see Chateaubriand and Chantocé) Brizard, Jean Baptiste Britard, known as, i. 128 Brocard, Pere Ignace, vi. 43 Broglie, Victor François Maréchal Duc de, i. 156 Broglie, Achille Charles Léonce Victor Duc de, v. 81, 105, 122-123, 127 vi. 95, 113 Broglie, Albertine de Staël-Holstein, Duchesse de, v. 81 Brollo, the gaoler, vi. 105-112 Brollo, Signora, vi. 105-110 Brollo, Angelica (see "Zanze") Brosses, René Comte de, iv. 300; v. 30 Brosses (see also De Brosses) Brougham and Vaux, Henry Brougham, first Lord, i. 188 Broussais, François Joseph Victor, i. 27, 74 Brown, Charles Brockden, i. 253-254 Bruce, Lieutenant Michael, iii. 110 Brugière de Barante (see Barante) Brummell, George Bryan, iv. 69 Brun (see Le Brun and Malte-Brun) Brune, Marshal Guillaume Marie Anne, iii. 91 Bruno, Saint, ii. 33, 309-310 Brutus, Lucius Junius, v. 132, 312 Brutus, Marcus Junius, v. 57, 132, 394 Brutus, Tiberius Junius, v. 312 Brutus, Titus Junius, v. 312 Bruyère (see La Bruyère) Buckingham and Chandos, Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Greville, first Duke of, ii. 140; iv. 79 Buckinghamshire, John Hobart, second Earl of, iv. 65 Buffon, George Louis Leclerc, Comte de, i. 127, 174; iii. 33; iv. 122 Buffon, George Louis Marie Leclerc, Comte de, i. 173 Buffon, later Dame de Bussières, Marguérite Françoise de Bouvier de Cepoy, Comtesse de, i. 173 Bugeaud de La Piconnerie (see d'Isly) Buisson de La Vigne (see La Vigne) Bullion, Claude de, i. 150 Bülow (see Dennewitz) Bunsen, Christian Karl Josias Baron von, iv. 236 Buonaparte, Carlo, vi. 184 Buonaparte, Giacomo, v. 58 Buonaparte (see also Bonaparte) Buonarotti (see Michael Angelo) Buonavita, Abbé, iii. 215-216 Burghersh, Lord, pseud (see Napoléon I. Emperor of the French, King of Italy) Burke, Edmund, i. xxi; ii. 121, 144-145; iv. 93; v. 57 Burney (see d'Arblay) Burns, Robert, ii. 127, 129 Busoni, Philippe, v. 96 Bussi, Giovanni Battista Cardinal, v. 18 Bussières (see Buffon and Renouard de Bussières) Bute, John Stuart, first Earl of, iv. 81 Buti, Lucrezia, iv. 232 Butler (see Dubourg-Butler) Buttafuoco, Matteo, iii. 196 Byron, William fourth Lord, vi. 72 Byron, George Gordon sixth Lord, i. xxiii; ii. 8, 91, 123-124, 127, 129-136, 158; iii. 68, 88, 191,220; iv. 3, 227, 232, 254; v. 59, 89, 202-203, 209, 300, 389; vi. 50, 66, 71-76, 78, 85 Byron, Anne Isabella Milbanke, Lady, ii. 136 Byron, Commodore Hon. John, vi. 72 Byron, Hon. Augusta Ada (see Leigh) C Cacault, François, ii. 219 Cadet de Gassicourt the Elder, Charles Louis Félix, v. 237 Cadet de Gassicourt the Younger, Félix, v. 98-99, 190-191, 237-239 Cadoudal, Georges, i. 65; ii. 249, 252, 259; iii. 36, 138-139; iv. 167-168 Cæsar, Caius Julius, i. 17; ii. 121, 201, 331, 337; iii. 87-88, 159, 186, 195, 197, 214, 218; iv. 14, 176, 229, 264; v. 40, 56, 131-132, 155, 333, 403; vi. 68, 180, 196, 243 Cagliari (see Veronese) Cagliostro, Giuseppe Balsamo, known as Alessandro Conte di, i. 145 Cahen, Louis, i. xvii; vi. 265-266 Caillet, Guillaume, ii. 108 Cajetan, Saint, ii. 159 Calas, Jean, iii. 30 Caligula, the Emperor, ii. 33; vi. 209 Calixtus II., Pope, iv. 304 Calixtus III., Pope, v. 13 Callot, Jacques, ii. 95 Calonne, Abbé de, ii. 72 Calonne, Charles Alexandre de, i. 140-141, 162; ii. 4; vi. 203 Calvin, John, v. 199, 273, 388; vi. 96 Camargo, Marie Anne Cuppi, known as the, ii. 119 Cambacérès, Second Consul, later Duke of Parma, Jean Jacques Régis de, ii. 259, 282; iii. 21, 54, 63, 75; v. 409 Cambacérès, Marie Jean Pierre Hubert Duc de, ii. 259 Camden, William, ii. 80 Camerarius, Joachim Liebhard, known as, vi. 142 Camoens, Luiz de, i. xxiv, 196, 242-243; ii. 123; iii. 30, 208, 219, 222, 237; vi. 86-87, 104, 222 Campan, Jeanne Louise Henriette Genest, Dame, v. 296 Campbell, Sir Neil, iii. 78-79, 81 Campbell, Thomas, ii. 128 Campbell, Mr. William Bernard, vi. 266 Campo-Franco, Lucchesi-Palli, Principe di, v. 322-323 Camuccini, Vicenzo, iv. 241 Canaris, Constantine, iv. 119 Canaris the Younger, iv. 118-119 Candoles, M. de, v. 244 Canecaude, M. de, i. 164 Cange (see Du Cange) Canino, Lucien Bonaparte, Prince of, ii. 166, 179, 210; iii. 152, 154, 170, 215; iv. 155-158, 196, 220 Canino, Marie Alexandrine Charlotte Louise Laurence de Bleschamp, Princess of, ii. 166 Canning, George, i. xxii-xxiii, 188; ii. 68-69, 79, 92-93, 128; iv. 70, 73, 82, 89, 92, 96, 128, 217-218, 266; v. 57, 145, 180-181; vi. 45, 252 Canning, Joan Scott, Mrs., ii. 79 Canova, Antonio, i. xxiii, 189; ii. 224, 248; iv. 75, 162, 180-182, 220, 238; vi. 57-58, 60 Capefigue, Jean Baptiste Honors Raymond, iv. 131 Capelan, Abbé, ii. 117 Capellari (sec Gregory XVI., Pope) Capelle, Guillaume Antoine Benoît Baron, iii. 129, 141; v. 88, 378-379, 422 Capello, General Vittorio, vi. 48 Capet, Hugh (see Hugh Capet, King of France) Capodistrias, Giovanni Anton Count, i. xxi Capponi, Gino Alessandro Giuseppe Gaspardo Marchese, v. 25 Capua, Charles Ferdinand Prince of, v. 323 Caractacus King of Britain, ii. 129 Caraffa, Bishop of Chieti, Giovanni Pietro, ii. 159 Caraman, Victor Louis Charles de Riquet de Caraman, Marquis, later Duc de, i. 185; iv. 91, 102; v. 123 Caraman, Georges Comte de, i. 185 Carracci, Agostino, iv. 225, 236 Carracci, Annibale, iv. 225, 236 Carracci, Lodovico, iv. 225 Carbon, Flins des Oliviers (see Flins des Oliviers) Carignan, Charles Emanuel Ferdinand Prince of Savoy, v. 322 Carignan, Maria Cristina Albertina Carlotta of Saxe-Courlande, Princess of Savoy, v. 322 Carignan, Louis Victor Prince of Savoy, Carignan, Count of Villafranca, Eugène Prince of Savoy, i. 51 Carignan, Charles Albert Prince of Savoy (see Charles Albert, King of Sardinia) Carignan, Élisabeth Anne Princesse de Savoie (see Boisgarein) Carignan (see also Eugène) Carline, Marie Gabrielle Malagrida, Dame Nivelon, known as, i. 173 Carlskron (see Dumont) Carlyle, Thomas, v. 381 Carnot, Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Comte, iii. 100, 153, 167-169 Caroline of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg -Augustenburg, Queen of Denmark and Norway, iv. 79 Caroline of Brunswick, Queen of England, i, 188; ii. 142-143 Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt, Land-gravine of Hesse-Homburg, iv. 49 Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, iv. 41 Caroline Bonaparte, Queen of Naples, ii. 25; iii. 144; iv. 184-185, 189-196, 198, 201, 203 Carolsfeld, (see Schnorr von Carolsfeld) Caron, Colonel Augustin Joseph, iv. 211; vi. 159 Caron de Beaumarchais (see Beaumarchais) Carrel, Nicolas Armand, v. 82-83, 96, 105, 206-208, 291; vi. 25, 42, 162-171, 215 Carrel the Elder, M., vi. 168-169 Carrel, Dame, vi. 168 Carrel the Younger, M., vi. 168 Carrel, Nathalie, vi. 168, 170 Carrio, Señor, vi. 72 Cartier, Jacques, i. 26, 30, 204, 232 Cary, Henry Francis, iv. 226; v. 66; vi. 61 Casimir-Périer (see Périer) Cassiodorus, Magnus Aurelius, iv. 227; vi. 157 Castelbajac, Marie Barthélemy Vicomte de, i. 97; iv. 16 Castellani, Giulio Cesare, iv. 245 Castellani, Leonora Baroni, Signora, iv. 245 Castelnau, Seigneur de La Mauvissière, Michel de, i. 212 Castiglione, Pierre François Charles Augereau, Maréchal Duc de, iii. 49, 80; v. 227; vi. 139 Castiglioni (see Pius VIII., Pope) Castlereagh (see Londonderry) Castries, Madame de, iv. 285 Castro, Inez de, vi. 24-25 Castro, João de, v. 380 Cathcart, William Schaw first Earl, iii. 49 Cathcart, Charles ninth Lord, i. 188 Cathelineau, General Jacques, ii. 107, 109; v. 245 Catherine de' Medici, Queen of France, v. 84 Catherine I. Empress of All the Russias, vi. 101 Catherine II. Empress of All the Russias, i. 132; ii. 197, 289; vi. 101 Catherine of Wurtemberg, Queen of Westphalia, iii. 64, 86, 200 Catiline, Lucius Sergius Catilina, known as, v. 215, 221 Cato Uticensis, Marcus Porcius, ii. 79, 331; iv. 246; v. 336, 394 Catullus, Caius Valerius, i. 162; ii. 114; vi. 79 Cauchie, Dame, i. 126 Cauchie, Anne, i. 126 Cauchois-Lemaire, Louis François Auguste, v. 95, 126 Caud, Jacques Louis René Chevalier, later Comte de, i. 83; ii. 176 Caud, Lucile Angélique de Chateaubriand, Comtesse de, i. xvi, 6, 12, 15, 19, 29, 31, 40, 65, 70, 76-79, 81-84, 91, 94-96, 102-103, 107, 111-112, 122, 125-126, 130, 137, 151, 155, 180, 182; ii. 4, 6, 7, 9, 27, 82, 103, 146, 175-177, 226-229, 231-232, 239, 302, 311-319; v. 258; vi. 128-129 Caulaincourt (see Vicence) Caumont de La Force (see La Force) Caux, Roger Comte de, i. 99; iv. 33 Caux, Louis Victor Vicomte de, iv. 138; v. 120 Cavaignac, General Eugène Louis, v. 141 Cavaignac, Éléonore Louis Godefroy, v. 140-141 Cavaignac, Jean Baptiste, v. 140-141 Cayet, Pierre Victoire Palma, v. 140 Cayla, Zoé Victoire Talon du Boullay Thierry, Comtesse de, iv. 9-10 Cazales, Jacques Antoine Marie de, iv. 6 Cazes (see Decazes) Cazotte, Jean, i. 179; ii. 56 Ceccaldi (see Colonna-Ceccaldi) Celestine V., Pope, ii. 200 "Célestine," vi. 171 Cellamare, Antonio Giudicce, Duca di Giovenazza, Principe di, vi. 200 Celles, Antoine Philippe Fiacre Ghislain Visscher, Comte de, iv. 237; v. 37 Celles, née de Valence, Comtesse de, iv. 237 Celles, Demoiselles de, iv. 237 Cellini, Benvenuto, iv. 181, 239 Cels, the nursery-gardener, v. 318 Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, i. xxiv, 151; iv. 232; v. 263, 351; vi. 222 Cesarotti, Melchiore, iii. 214; vi. 79 Cessac, Jean Girard Lacuee, Comte de, vi. 184 Chabot, François, iv. 4 Chabot (see also Rohan-Chabot) Chabrol-Croussol, André Jean Comte de, iv. 134-135, 138-139; v. 72, 81, 88, 94 Chabrol-Volvic, Gilbert Joseph Gaspar, Comte de, v. 94, 100, 112 Chafner, Major, i. 66, 181 Chalais (see Talleyrand-Chalais) Chalais-Périgord, née de Beauvilliers Saint-Aignan, Princesse de, vi. 243-246 Chalas, Prosper, v. 96 Chalmel, Abbé Jean François, i. 48 Chalotais (see La Chalotais) Chambolle, François Adolphe, v. 95 Chambord, Comte de, pseud. (see Henry V. King of France and Navarre) Chambord, Comtesse de, pseud, (see Marie-Thérèse of Modena, Queen of France) Chamfort, Sébastien Roch Nicolas, known as, i. 83, 129-130, 132, 175, 178; ii. 27, 102 Chamisso, Charles de, iv. 40 Chamisso, Hippolyte de, iv. 40 Chamisso, Louis Charles Adélaïde de Chamisso de Boncourt, known as Adelbert von, iv. 39-40 Champagny, Vicomte de, v. 94 Champcenetz, Louis Chevalier de, i. 175-176; ii. 80; v. 267 Champion de Cicé, Vicomte de, i. 146 Champlain, Samuel, i. 232 Champlatreux (see Molé de Champlatreux) Champmeslé, Marie Desmare, known as Mademoiselle, ii. 179 Champollion, Jean François, vi. 223 Champollion Figeac, Jean Jacques, v. 86 Chantelauze, Jean Claude Balthazar Victor de, v. 88, 90, 189, 422 Chanteloup, Jean Antoine Chaptal, Comte de, ii. 188, 309 Chapelier (see Le Chapelier) Chapelle, Claude Emmanuel Luillier, ii. 207 Chappe, Claude, iii. 112 Chappe, Ignace Urbain, iii. 112 Chaptal (see Chanteloup) Chardel, Casimir Marie Marcellin Pierre Célestin, v. 96, 115 Charette de La Contrie, François Athanase, i. 154; ii. 109; v. 245 Charlemagne (see Charles I. King of France) Charles Cardinal Count Borromeo, Archbishop of Milan, Saint, iv. 223; v. 230; vi. 193 Charles the Hammer, Duke of Austrasia, ii. 338; iv. 109, 263 Charles of Blois, Duke of Brittany, i. Charles Duke of Burgundy, ii. 32; iii. 153, 181 Charles IV. King of Bohemia, the Emperor, v. 388, 410-411 Charles V., the Emperor, i. 25; ii. 74, 121; iii. 126-127, 158; iv. 239; v. 14, 84, 400 Charles VI., the Emperor, ii. 78; iv. 246 Charles I. King of England, Scotland and Ireland, i. 187; ii. 18, 39, 73, 124; iii. 93, 104, 127; iv. 82, 84, 124, 251-252; v. 115, 137, 178,255, 295 Charles II. King of England, Scotland and Ireland, i. 189; ii. 137, 140; iii. 93; v. 50 Charles III. King of England, Scotland and Ireland, ii. 202; iv. 249-252; v. 372-373: vi. 101, 201 Charles IV. King of England, Scotland and Ireland (see Charles Emanuel IV. King of Sardinia) Charles I. King of France, known as Charlemagne, the Emperor, i. 235; ii. 32-33, 63; iii. 205, 228; iv. 50, 170, 227, 264; v. 11, 65, 196, 337, 376; vi. 195-196 Charles II. King of France and III. Emperor of the Romans, v. 297 Charles V. King of France, ii. 108; vi. 27, 140, 196 Charles VI. King of France, ii. 201; v. 378; vi. 10, 140, 196 Charles VII. King of France, ii. 108; iv. 108; v. 378; vi. 133, 196 Charles VIII. King of France, i. 141; v. 227; vi. 196 Charles IX. King of France, i. 35, 109, 117, 212; ii. 18; iii. 30, 33; v. 49, 104, 137; vi. 82 Charles X. King of France and Navarre, i. 35, 135, 156, 160, 163; ii. 4-5, 16, 22, 34, 40, 54, 63, 79, 101, 103, 107, 255, 259; iii. 55, 76-77, 89, 94, 98-99, 112, 119, 136, 140-141, 155-156, 159, 161, 166, 171, 176, 178, 184, 188, 227; iv. 8, 14, 16, 21, 44, 61-62, 96-97, 103, 106-112, 117, 120, 124, 130-141, 161, 252, 280, 290-291, 293, 296, 302, 304; v. 6, 8, 17-18, 20-21, 23, 30-32, 34-36, 40, 47-48, 67-69, 74-78, 84, 86-97, 99-100, 103-104, 106-108, 110-111, 114, 116-118, 121-123, 127-128, 130-131, 133, 135, 138, 143-157, 160, 164-165, 168-170, 173-177, 180, 188, 191-192, 194, 209-211, 220, 222, 226-228, 235, 238-239, 260, 268, 271, 307, 321-322, 327, 336, 339-340, 342-343, 349, 357-362, 364-375, 378 379, 383-387, 390-391, 393-396, 398-399, 402, 404-405, 408, 415, 421-426; vi. 23, 26, 34-35, 45, 62, 99, 101, 115-118, 120, 128-141, 149, 151, 165, 191, 195, 197, 229-234, 238, 242-246 Charles XI. King of France and Navarre (see Charles VII. King of Spain) Charles II. Grand-Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, iv. 33 Charles II. Duke of Parma, Charles Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Lucca, later, iv. 224 Charles III. Duke of Parma, iv. 224; v. 361; vi. 254 Charles I. King of Spain (see Charles V., the Emperor) Charles III. King of Spain and IV. of the Two Sicilies, iv. 58; v. 51; vi. 202 Charles IV. King of Spain, i. 49; ii. 257-258; iii. 191; iv. 236; v. 74 Charles V. King of Spain, iii. 221; v. 75 Charles VII. King of Spain and XI. of France and Navarre, ii. 279 Charles IV. King of the Two Sicilies (see Charles III. King of Spain) Charles XI. King of Sweden, v. 51 Charles XIII. King of Sweden, ii. 257; iii. 46 Charles XIV. John King of Sweden and Norway, ii. 257; iii. 46, 102, 127, 144, 181, 162-167, 202, 208, 220; v. 144 Charles I. King of Wurtemberg, v. 322 Charles of Prussia, Prince, iv. 33, 271 Charles Albert King of Sardinia, iv. 54; v. 38, 322 Charles Edward Stuart, Prince (see Charles III. King of England, Scotland and Ireland) Charles Emanuel I. King of Sardinia, iii. 27 Charles Emanuel II. King of Sardinia, i. 130 Charles Emanuel III. King of Sardinia, iv. 251 Charles Emanuel IV. King of Sardinia, de jure Charles IV. King of England, Scotland and Ireland, ii. 221; iv. 242, 251 Charles Felix King of Sardinia, iv. 54, 251; v. 38; vi. 45 Charles Frederic Elector, later Grand-duke of Baden, ii. 280; iii. 73 Charles Frederic Augustus of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Prince, iv. 164 Charles Frederic William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ii. 33-34; iii. 162, 164; v. 127 Charles Louis, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, ii. 258; iii. 60 Charlevoix, Père Pierre François Xavier de, i. 232-233 Charlotte Princess Royal of England, ii. 142; vi. 118 Charlotte of Prussia, Princess (see Alexandra Feodorowna Empress of Russia) Charlotte Mademoiselle de Valois, Duchess of Modena, v. 230 Charrière, Isabelle Agnes van Tujil, Dame de Sainte-Hyacinthe de, iv. 107, 121-122 Charras, Jean Baptiste Adolphe, v. 107 Chartier, Alain, ii. 201 Chartier, Jean, vi. 133 Chassé, David Hendrik Baron, v. 94 Chastenay, Dame de, i. 101, 104-105, 112; ii. 44; iii. 8 Chastenay-Lanty, Louise Marie Victorine Comtesse de, ii. 169 Chateau-d'Assie, Michel Charles Locquet, Comte de, i. 108 Chateaubourg, Comte de, i. 150 Chateaubourg, Paul François de La Celle, Vicomte, later Comte de, i. 104-105 Chateaubourg, Bénigne Jeanne de Chateaubriand, Comtesse de Québriac, later Vicomtesse, later Comtesse de, i. 15, 40, 53, 66, 106, 111, 150; ii. 319 Chateaubriand, Geoffrey I. Baron of, i. 6, 24 Chateaubriand, Sybil Baroness of, i. 6 Chateaubriand, Geoffrey IV. Baron of, i. 8 Chateaubriand, Geoffrey V. Baron of, i. 9 Chateaubriand, ninth Baron of, i. 9 Chateaubriand, François Comte de, i. 11-12 Chateaubriand, Geoffroy Louis Comte de, i. 8, 82-83; ii. 295-296, 319, 333; iii. 126; v. 64-65, 154, 269; vi. 253, 261-263 Chateaubriand, Henriette Félicité Zélie d'Orglandes, Comtesse de, i. 8; ii. 296 Chateaubriand, Jean Baptiste Auguste Comte de, i. 6-7, 12, 15-16, 18, 52, 73, 83, 94-96, 101, 104-105, 111-112, 117, 119, 122, 135-137, 167, 178, 180, 182; ii. 3, 22-23, 27-32, 60, 62, 65, 81-84, 146, 294-295; iii. 31, 125; v. 64, 304, 309; vi. 24 Chateaubriand, Aline Thérèse Le Pelletier de Rosanbo, Comtesse de, i. 15, 95, 111, 135; ii. 23, 49, 83-84: v. 64 Chateaubriand, Louis Comte de, i. 8 Chateaubriand, René Comte de, i. 8, 10, 12-14, 17-19, 29, 35, 38, 42-43. 46-47, 49, 57-58, 63, 70, 72-80, 91, 93-96, 107-111, 125; ii. 131, 176; v. 65, 377; vi. 200 Chateaubriand, Apolline Jeanne Suzanne de Bedée, Comtesse de, i. 14-15 18-20, 28, 30, 35-36, 38, 40, 53, 60-62, 70, 73-74, 76-81, 91-96, 101, 105, 107-109, 111, 125, 146-148, 182; ii. 4, 60, 65, 82, 84-85, 114-116, 120, 146, 176, 318; v. 65, 152; vi. 66 Chateaubriand, Françoise de Foix, Comtesse de, i. 120; iv. 228 Chateaubriand, Pétronille Claude Lamour de Lanjégu, Comtesse de, i. 11-13 Chateaubriand, François René Chevalier, later Vicomte de, passim Chateaubriand, Céleste Buisson de La Vigne, Vicomtesse de, i. xxiii, 130; ii. 5-9, 24, 27,82, 85, 146, 171, 175-176, 213, 236, 248-249, 252, 299-300, 302, 310, 317, 319; iii. 3, 5-7, 21, 39, 51-53, 99, 123-126, 129-130, 134-136, 140, 161, 176, 178; iv. 63, 90, 106-107, 120, 221, 223-224, 230-231, 233, 285, 287, 296; v. 69-70, 75, 93, 201, 205, 209, 234, 249, 251-253, 256, 258, 264, 267, 270, 290, 297-299, 313, 316-317, 359, 570; vi. 97-98, 130, 137, 145, 258, 260, 262 Chateaubriand, Amaury de, i. 7, 11 Chateaubriand, Armand Louis de, i. 13, 32; ii. 34, 40, 50, 64; iii. 12-18, 142; iv. 176 Chateaubriand, Brien de, i. 6 Chateaubriand, Christian de, i. 8; ii. 23, 295, 319; iii. 126; v. 63-65, 326; vi. 253 Chateaubriand, François Henri de, i. 11 Chateaubriand, Frédéric de, i. 109; ii. 64 Chateaubriand, Geoffroy de, i. 15 Chateaubriand, Lord of Beaufort, Guillaume de, i. 43 Chateaubriand, Guy of, i. 9 Chateaubriand, Michel de, i. 7, 11 Chateaubriand, Pierre de, i. 32 Chateaubriand, Thiern de, i. 6 Chateaubriand, Bénigne Jeanne de (see Chateaubourg) Chateaubriand, Charlotte of (see Croï) Chateaubriand, Claude Dame de, vi. 173 Chateaubriand, Julie Marie Agathe (see Farcy) Chateaubriand, Lucile de (see Caud) Chateaubriand, Margaret of (see Rohan) Chateaubriand, Marie Anne Françoise de (see Marigny) Chateaubriand, Marie Jeanne Therèse Brignon de Laher, Dame de, i. 13, 15-16 Chateaubriand, Jeanne de, ii. 64 Chateaubriand, Jeanne Le Brun, Dame de, ii. 64; iii. 12 Chateaubriand, Joan of, i. 9 Chateaubriand de La Guerrande, Abbé Charles Hilaire de, i. 59 Chateaubriand de La Guerrande, Alexis de, i. 11 Chateaubriand de La Guerrande, Christophe II. de, i. 6-7, 11 Chateaubriand du Parc, Joseph, i. 11 Chateaubriand du Plessis, Pierre Marie Anne, i. 11-13, 32 Chateaubriand du Plessis-Bertrand, Brien de, i. 9 Chateaubriand and Chantocé, Giles of Brittany, Lord of, i. 25 Chateaugiron, Abbé de, i. 63 Châteauroux, Marie Anne de Mailly-Nesle, Marquise de La Tournelle, later Duchesse de, ii. 297-298; vi. 201 Châtel, Jean, v. 401 Châtelain, René Theophile, v. 95 Châtelet (see Du Châtelet) Chatham, William Pitt, first Earl of, ii. 73, 146 Châtillon, Henri de, iii. 138 Châtillon (see also Godet de Châtillon) Chaulieu, Guillaume Anfrie, Abbé de, vi. 211 Chaulnes, M. de, i. 143 Chaumette, Pierre Gaspard, ii. 16 Chauvin, Pierre, iv. 297 Chauvin, Demoiselle, iv. 297 Cheftel, Dr, i. 92 Cheftel the Younger, M., i. 92 Chênedollé, Charles Lioult de, ii. 167, 171-173, 176, 227, 239, 312, 318 Chénier, André Marie de, i. 73, 133; ii. 234; iii. 31, 35; iv. 152; vi. 161 Chénier, Marie Joseph de, i. 73, 133; ii. 17, 105; iii. 18, 20-22, 25-26, 31-33, 35, 68-69; vi. 187 Cheops, or Khufu, King of Egypt, v. 244 Chérin, Bernard, i. 6 Chevalier, Michel, v. 126, 137 Chevalier (see also Poncelet) Chéverus, Bishop of Boston, later Bishop of Montauban, later Archbishop of Bordeaux, Jean Louis Anne Madeleine Lefébure, Cardinal Comte de, iv. 139 Chevreuse, Claude de Lorraine, Duc de, ii. 172 Chevreuse, Marie de Rohan-Montbazon, Duchesse de Luynes, later Duchesse de, ii. 172 Chevreuse, Duc de, iv. 178 Chevreuse, née Norbonne-Pelet, Duchesse de, iv. 178-179 Chevet, the restaurateur, v. 311 Chiabrera, Gabriello, vi. 48 Child, Robert, i. 188 Chilperic I. King of the Franks, i. 120, 223 Choderdos de Laclos (see Laclos) Choiseul et d'Amboise, Étienne François Comte de Stainville, later Duc de, v. 50-51; vi. 28, 202 Choiseul-Gouffier, Marie Gabriel Florent Auguste Comte de, iii. 123 Choiseul-Praslin (see Praslin) Choiseul-Stainville, Claude Antoine Gabriel, Duc de, i. 176; ii. 9; v. 94, 112 Choiseul-Stainville, Duchesse de, ii. 9 Chopin, J., v. 263 Choulot, Paul Comte de, v. 322 Christian VIII. King of Denmark and Norway, iv. 79 Christian IX. King of Denmark, iv. 118 Christina Queen of Sweden, i. 75; ii. 192; iii. 22; v. 14, 51 Christophe, King of Hayti, Henri, ii. 71; v. 205, 412 Christopher, Saint, vi. 64 Chotek, Karl Count von, v. 340-343, 352-353, 365, 381-382, 391; vi. 36, 139 Chotek, Countess von, v. 381; vi. 139 Chotkowa and Wognin, Johann Rudolf Count von, v. 382 Cicé (see Boisgelin de Cicé and Champion de Cicé) Cicéri, Pierre Luc Charles, vi. 48 Cicero, Marcus Tullius, ii. 81, 129, 132, 201; iii. 28; v. 56, 161, 341; vi. 47, 237 Cicognara, Leopolde Conte, vi. 52, 58 Cid Campeador, the (see Diaz de Bivar) Cimarosa, Domenico, i. 225; iv. 185 Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, i. 210; iii. 228 Cintio, Cardinal, vi. 90-91 Cisher, iv. 170 Clanwilliam, Richard Meade, second Earl of, iv. 72 Clanwilliam, Richard Charles Francis Meade, third Earl of, iv. 72-73, 89 Clanwilliam, Caroline Thun, Countess of, iv. 72 Clancarty, Marquis of Heusden, Richard Le Poer Trench, second Earl of, iii. 145 Clarence, Lionel Duke of, iii. 138 Clarendon, Edward Hyde, first Earl of, v. 57 Clarke, Captain Edward, ii. 319-320 Clarke, Mary Anne Thompson, Mrs, ii. 68 Clary; Colonel, iv. 199 Claude Duchess of Brittany, Queen of France, i. 141 Claudius, the Emperor, ii. 258 Claudius Crassus, Appius, iii 51 Clausel de Cousserques, Jean Claude, ii. 252, 319; iii. 3-4, 51, 123; v. 70 Clausel de Montals, Bishop of Chartres, Claude Hippolyte, iii. 9-10 Clavel (sec Saint-Huberti) Clavius, Christopher, vi. 142 Clémence de Bourges (see Bourges) Clement, Saint, i. 103 Clement of Alexandria, Saint, i. 231 Clement IV. Pope, v. 12 Clement V., Pope, i. 9 Clement VIII., Pope. vi. 88-90 Clement XII., Pope, v, 14-15 Clement XIII., Pope, ii. 180 Clement XIV., Pope, v. 373 Clement VII., Anti-pope (see Robert of Geneva) Clément, Jacques, ii. 18 Clementina of Austria, Queen of the two Sicilies, v. 74; vi. 114 Cleopatra Queen of Egypt, ii. 122; iv. 247 Clerfayt, François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Comte de, ii. 147 Clermont-Tonnerre, Bishop of Châlons, later Archbishop of Toulouse, Anne Antoine Jules Cardinal Duc de, ii. 214, 222, 247; iv. 304; v. 27-28, 32-33, 41 Clermont-Tonnere, Aimé Marie Gaspard Marquis, later Duc de, iv. 62, 135, 138 Clermont-Tonnerre, Stanislas Marie Adélaïde Comte de, ii. 194 Clermont-Tonnerre (see also Talaru) Clery, Jean Baptiste Cant Havet, ii. 106-107 Clinchamp de Malfilatre (see Malfilatre) Clisson, Olivier de, i. 9, 12 Clive of Plassey, Robert first Lord, vi. 202 Clodion King of the Franks, i. 120; iii. 139; iv. 109 Clodoald, Saint, v. 404 Clodomir King of Orleans, v. 404 Clorivière (see Limoëlan de Clorivière) Clotaire I. King of the Franks, i. 223 Clotilda Queen of the Franks, Saint, ii. 303 Cloud (see Clodoald) Clovis I. King of the Franks, i. 24; ii. 29, 303; iii. 131, 139, 224; iv. 108-109, 112; v. 142, 196, 279, 404; vi. 172, 195-196 Cobbett, William, v. 399 Cockburn, Admiral Sir George, iii. 210 Coëtlogon, M. de. i. 143 Cogni, the baker, vi. 71 Cogni, surnamed the Fornarina, Margherita, vi. 71-74, 76 Coigneux de Bachaumont (see Bachaumont) Coigny, Marie Henri François Franquetot, Duc de, i. 119, 121 Coislin, Charles Georges René de Cambout, Marquis de, ii. 297 Coislin, later Duchesse de Mailly, Marie Anne Louise Adélaïde de Mailly, Marquise de, ii. 170, 297-302; iii. 5 Cokayne, Clarenceux King-of-Arms, Mr. George Edward, iv. 251 Colbert, Jean Baptiste, i. 72, 236; ii. 205; iv. 89, 127 Colbert de Maulevrier, Édouard Charles Victornien Comte de, i. 72 Colbert-Montboissier, Comtesse de, i. 72; v. 290-291 Colburn, Henry, i. xv Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, ii. 128 Colet, Louise Revoil, Dame, vi. 174 Coligny, Gaspard de Châtillon, Amiral Sire de, i. 168 Collard (see Royer-Collard) Collinet, the band-master, ii. 143; iv. 71 Collot d'Herbois, Jean Marie, ii. 18 Colonna, Sciarra, v. 48 Colonna-Ceccaldi, Mayor of Vescovato, iv. 196 Colonna di Palestrina (see Palestrina) Columbus, Christopher, i. 26, 195-196; ii. 217; iii. 209; v. 335; vi. 44, 119 Combourg, Comte de (see Chateaubriand, René Comte de) Combourg, Rivallon, Lord of, i. 43 Comines, Philippe de, vi. 47, 49 Compignano, Countess of (see Élisa Grand-duchess of Tuscany) Concini (see d'Ancre) Condé, Henri II. Prince de, ii. 152 Condé, Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency, Princesse de, ii. 152; vi. 77 Condé, Louis II. Prince de, i. 77; ii. 40, 51, 151, 271, 273, 278-279, 290, 292; iii. 18, 27, 227; iv. 198; v. 403; vi. 19, 77, 167 Condé, Louis V. Prince de, i. 59, 83, 160; ii. 4, 54, no, 171, 255, 259, 263, 275, 292-293; iii. 29, 55; 117, 124-125; v. 162, 297 Condé, Louise d'Orléans, Princesse de, i. 59 Condé, Louis VI. Duc de Bourbon, later Prince de, i. 59, 160; ii. 48, 110-111, 255, 259, 263, 279, 293; iii. 117, 119; iv. 8 Condé, Louise d'Orléans, Duchesse de Bourbon, later Princesse de, ii. 279 Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de, i. 136; ii. 180 Conégliano, Bon Adrien Jeannot Moncey, Maréchal Duc de, iii. 90, 155; iv. 109 Congreve,William, iv. 80 Connell, Mr. Conal Holmes O'Connell O'Riordan, known as F. Norreys, vi. 266 Consalvi, Ercole Cardinal, ii. 220, 230; vi. 47 Constant, M. de, v. 200, 202 Constant, Madame de, v. 200 Constant, Mademoiselle de, v. 202 Constant de Rebecque, Henri Benjamin, ii. 187, 275; iii. 68-69, 114-115, 122, 144, 166, 168; iv. 129, 145, 149-153, 165-166, 201-204, 208, 211-213, 218, 220, 264; v. 118, 138-139, 200, 202; vi. 5 Constantine I., the Emperor, ii. 188; iii. 206; iv. 235; v. 196 Constantine of Russia, Grand-duke, i. 99; iv. 281 Constantius I., the Emperor, iii. 206 Constantius III., the Emperor, iii. 47, 227 Contades, Louis Georges Erasme Maréchal Marquis de, i. 16 Contat, Dame de Parny, Mademoiselle, i. 128, 173 Contencin, A. de, ii. 83 Conyngham, Henry first Marquess, i. 236 Conyngham, Elizabeth Dennison, Marchioness, i. 236; ii. 298; iv. 73, 79, 85 Conyngham, Hon. Francis Nathaniel Conyngham, later second Marquess, i. 236 Cook, Captain James, i. 69; ii. 319-320; iv. 40; vi. 222 Cooper, James Fenimore, i. 254 Copernicus, v. 327 Coppens, M., iii. 134 Coppinger, M., iv. 67 Coquereau, Abbé Félix, iii. 226 Corbière, Jacques Joseph Guillaume François Pierre Comte de, iv. 14-16, 26-30, 51, 59, 61-62, 99-101, 132, 135, 138; v. 87 Corbigny, M., vi. 176 Corday, Marie Anne Charlotte Corday d'Armans, known as Charlotte, ii. 225 Corinna, vi. 172 Cordonnier (see Saint-Hyacinthe) Corentin, Bishop of Quimper, Saint, i. 144 Corinna, iv. 34 Coriolanus, Cnæus Marcius, ii. 122 Corné, Marquis de, i. 146 Corneille, Pierre, i. 156, 212; ii. 178, 205, 261; iii. 33 Cornelius, Peter von, iv. 240 Cornwallis, Charles first Marquess, i. 216, 218 Coronini, Count, v. 358 Cortois de Pressigny, Bishop of Saint-Malo, later Archbishop of Besançon, Gabriel Comte, i. 146, 148 Cortois de Quincey, Abbé, v. 15 Corvaisier, Julien, i. 48 Cosmo I. Grand-duke of Tuscany, iv. 239 Cossé-Brissac, Charles Maréchal Comte, later Duc de, iii. 75 Cossé-Brissac, Emmanuel de, v. 244 Cossé, Comte de, v. 360, 365, 374-375, 404 Cossé, Comtesse de, v. 374-375, 404-405 Coste, Jacques, v. 96-97 Cottens, Madame de, iv. 120 Cottereau, Jean, vi. 238 Cottreau, Felix, v. 298 Coucy, Robert de, ii. 177 Coudert, Quarter-master Charles, iv. 208, 211 Coudert, Eugène, iv. 208 Coudrin, Abbé Pierre Marie Joseph, v. 23-24 Couëdic, Captain, i. 69; ii. 300 Couhaillon (see Saint-Germain) Coulanges, Philippe Emmanuel Marquis de, iv. 246-247 Couppart, Demoiselles, i. 19, 31 Courcelles, Chevalier de, i. 5 Courchamp, née Becquet, Madame de, v. 96 Courier de Méré. Paul Louis, iii. 68 Courmenin (see Deshayes) Courtenay (see Bauffremont-Courtenay) Courtois, Edme Bonaventure, iv. 4 Courtois (see also Cortois de Quincey) Courvoisier, Jean Joseph Antoine de, v. 72, 81, 88 Cousans de Mauléon, Jacques Vincent Marquis de, i. 49, 51 Coussergues (see Clausel de Coussergues) Cowper, William, ii. 127, 129 Crabbe, George, ii. 128 Créqui (see Lesdiguières) Cresap, Captain Michael, i. 253 Crétineau-Joly, Jacques Augustin Marie, vi. 43 Cristaldi, Belisario Cardinal, v. 23 Croï, Charlotte de Chateaubriand, Dame de, i. 9 Croker, John Wilson, ii. 128; iv. 82; vi. 252 Cromwell, Lord Protector of the British Commonwealth, Oliver, i. 169; ii. 73; iii. 22-23, 93, 198; iv. 42, 93, 251; v. 115, 177; vi. 123 Cromwell, Lord Protector of the British Commonwealth, Richard, v. 115 Cronier, Mayor of the 9th Ward of Paris, v. 237 Croussol or Crouzol (see Chabrol-Croussol) Crouzas, M. de, iv. 120 Crowe, Eyre Evans, iv. 3; v. 97 Croy, Bishop of Strasburg, later Archbishop of Rouen, Gustave Maximilien Juste Cardinal Prince de, v. 22-23 Crussol, Alexandre Charles Emmanuel Bailli de, iii. 183-184 Cucurron Sicard (see Sicard) Cujas, Jacques de, ii. 206 Cujas, Suzanne de, ii. 206 Cumberland, Duke of (see Ernest I. King of Hanover) Cumberland, Duchess of (see Frederica Queen of Hanover) Curchod (see Necker) Curtius, the showman, ii. 163 Cussy, Chevalier de, i. 99; iv. 33 Custine, Amand Louis Philippe François Marquis de, ii. 192 Custine, Louise Éléonore Mélanie de Sabran, Marquise de, ii. 192-193, 195; iii. 142; iv. 121, 223; v. 347; vi. 42 Custine, Astolphe Louis Leonor Marquis de, ii. 193; iv. 78, 121 Custine, née de Saint-Simon de Courtomer, Marquise de, iv. 121 Custine, Louis Philippe Enguerrand de, iv. 121 Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, Saint, ii. 309 Cyrano de Bergerac (see Bergerac) Czartoriska, Princess, i. 176 Czelakovsky, Frantisek Ladislav, v. 389 D Dagobert I. King of the Franks, i. 74, 120; ii. 32; iii. 182; iv. 35 Dalayrac, Nicolas, v. 198; vi. 162 Dalberg, Archbishop-Elector of Mayence, Prince Primate, later Grand-duke of Frankfort, Karl Theodor Anton Maria Prince von, v. 337 Dalberg, Emmerich Joseph Wolfgang Heribert Duc de, iii. 73; iv. 16 Dalesme, Jean Baptiste Baron, iii. 106-107 Dallas, Governor of St Helena, iii. 225 Dallas, Lady, iii. 225 Dalmatie, Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult, Maréchal Duc de, iii. 49, 99, 111-112 115-116, 122, 141, 155, 164; iv. 75; v. 303 Damas, Alfred Charles François Gabriel Comte de, v. 374-375 Damas, Anne Hyacinthe Maxence Baron de, iv. 99, 135, 139; v. 80, 342-343, 361-365, 367, 371-372, 374-375, 377, 379-380, 382, 415; vi. 29, 138 Damasus I., Pope Saint, v. 11 Damaze de Raymond, M., iii. 36 Dambray, Charles Henry Chancelier, iii. 100, 123, 127, 136; iv. 7; v. 28; vi. 136 Damian, Herr, vi. 142 Damiens, Robert François, vi. 202 Dampierre, Marquis de, v. 245 Damrémont, Charles Marie Denys, Comte de, iii. 57 Dandini, Ercole Cardinal, v. 24 Dandolo, Doge of Venice, Enrico, v. 400; vi. 69 Dangeau, Philippe de Courcillon, Marquis de, iv. 44 Dante Alighieri, i. xxiii-xxiv, 24, 86, 89; ii. 122, 124, 141, 186, 212; iii. 208, 219; iv. 1, 42-43, 140, 225-228; v. 66, 78, 85; vi. 50, 54, 60-61, 82, 89, 222 Danton, Georges Jacques, ii. 4, 12, 18-21, 106, 109, 159, 259; iii. 196; iv. 152; v. 215, 310; vi. 47 Darius III. King of Persia, iii. 149 Daru, Pierre Antoine Noel Brunot, Comte, iii. 23-24 Darwin, Charles, ii. 129 Darwin, Erasmus, ii. 129 Dasies, Sieur, iii. 86 Dasté, Dame, iv. 24-25, 59 Dautancourt, Major, ii. 262-264, 267 Daunou, Pierre Claude François, v. 96 David King of Israel, vi. 36, 207, 237 David II. Bruce, King of Scots, v. 411 David, Jacques Louis, i. 189; ii. 17, 158; iii. 7, 211; iv. 162; v. 290 Davout (see d'Auerstädt) Dazincourt, the actor, i. 128 Deane, Silas, ii. 23 Deboffe, J., ii. 70, 76, 81, 94, 97 Debrett, John, ii. 97 De Brosses, Charles Président, iv. 242, 248-249, 257; v. 14-17, 30 Decazes, Élie, later Duc, i. 186; iv. 7, 9-11, 13, 23,25-26,63, 68; v. 98, 161 Decazes, née Muraire, Madame, iv. 10 Decazes, née de Saint-Aulaire, Duchesse, iv., 10 Decazes, Élie Baron, i. 185 Decazes the Elder, M., iv. 10-11 Decius, the Emperor, ii. 309; vi. 64 Deffant, Marie de Vichy-Chamroud, Marquise du, ii. 172 Degousée, Marie Anne Joseph, v. 141 Deguerry, Abbé Gaspard, vi. 262-263 Dejean, Napoléon Aimé Comte, v. 95 Delacroix, Charles, vi. 187 Delacroix, Ferdinand Victor Eugène, vi. 187 Delarue, M., v. 131 Delattre, Doctor, ii. 62 Delaunay, Matthieu, v. 140 Delaunay-Boisé-Lucas (see Boisé-Lucas) Del Drago, Teresia Massimo, Principessa, iv. 256 Delessert, Jules Paul Benjamin Baron, v. 116, 123 Delessert, Dame, v. 249 Delga, M., ii. 276 Deliège, M., iv. 67 Delille, Abbé Jacques, i. 132; ii. 102-103, 118; iii. 27-28, 35 Delille, Dame, ii. 102 Delisle de Sales, Jean Baptiste Isoard, known as, i. 126-127; ii. 157 Della Gracia (see Lucchesi-Palli) Della Marmora, Teresio Cardinal Ferrero, v. 21 Della Somaglia, Bishop of Frascati, later of Ostia and Velletri, Giulio Maria Cardinal, v. 5-6, 17 Della Villa, Giovanni Battista Manso, Marchese, vi. 91 Delloye, Lieutenant-Colonel H. D., vi. 97-98 Delphin-Récamier (see Récamier) Demangeat, M., v. 266 Demosthenes, i. 252; ii. 129; iii. 195, 214; v. 56; vi. 180 Denain, Dame, ii. 294 Denis, Jean Ferdinand, iii. 21 Denis, the notary, iv. 12 Denis, Dame, i. 167 Dennewitz, Friedrich Wilhelm Bülow, Count von, iii. 162 Denon, Dominique Vivant Baron, iii. 7 Denys (see Damrémont) Deplace, Père Étienne, v. 363 Desaix de Veygoux, General Louis Charles Antoine, ii. 261 Desbrosses, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's hall-porter, v. 250 Desclozeaux, M., iii. 104 Des Escotais, Louis Joseph, i. 7 Desèze, Raymond Comte, iii. 139 Desgarcins, Mademoiselle, i. 128; ii. 104 Desgraviers-Marceau (see Marceau) Desgranges, M., v. 48 Deshayes, Baron de Courmenin, Louis, iv. 245 Deshoulières, Guillaume de Lafon de Boisguérin, Seigneur, vi. 174 Deshoulières, Antoinette du Ligier de La Garde, Dame, vi. 174 Desilles, André, i. 92, 181 Désirée Clary, Queen of Sweden, iv. 208-210 Des Mahir, M., i. 106 Desmarais, Cyprien, v. 240 Desmarais (see also Régnier-Desmarais) Desmare (see Champmeslé) Desmarets, Charles, iii. 15 Desmarets, Jean, i. 64 Desmortiers, Louis Henri, v. 258-260 Desmoulins, Benoit Camille, i. 129, 155; ii. 17-18, 20-21, 158; v. 215 Desmoulins, Dame, ii. 20 Desmousseaux de Givré (see Givré) des Nétumières (see Hay des Nétumières) des Oliviers (see Flins des Oliviers) Despagne, the boatman, iii. 14-15 Desport, Messieurs, ii. 242 Despréaux (see Boileau-Despréaux) Desprès, M., i. 20 Desprez, Louis, iv. 285-286 des Réaux (see Taboureau des Réaux and Tallemant des Réaux) Desrenaudes, Abbé Martial Borye, iii. 130 Dessolle, Jean Joseph Paul Augustin Marquis, iii. 94 De Stendhal (see Stendhal) Determes, P. G. Jules, vi. 142 Deuteric, ii. 52 Deutz, Simon, iii. 156; v. 307; vi. 156 Devienne, Jeanne Françoise Thévenin, known as Sophie, ii. 308 Devoise, M., ii. 330 Devoise, Dame, ii. 330 Devonshire, William Cavendish, fifth Duke of, iv. 160 Devonshire, Georgiana Spencer, Duchess of, iv. 160-162 De Witt, Cornelis, iii. 88 De Witt, Grand Pensionary of Holland, Jan, iii. 88 Diaz de Bivar, the Cid Campeador, Ruy, i. 244; v. 239; vi. 91 Dickens, Charles, vi. 54 Diderot, Denis, i. 52, 126; ii. 85, 180, 197 Dido Queen of Tyre, ii. 331; iii. 19, 108; iv. 284; vi. 81, 127, 178, 236 Die, Béatrix Comtesse de, vi. 172 Diesbach, M. de, vi. 245 Dighton, John, ii. 75 Di Gregorio, Emmanuele Cardinal, v. 4-5, 8, 23 Dillon, Arthur Comte de, i. 176 Dillon, Théobald de, i. 176 Dillon, Captain, i. 69 "Dinarzade," ii. 46-47 Dinelli, Captain, ii. 328 Dino (see Talleyrand-Périgord) Diocletian, the Emperor, iii. 11-12, 113; v. 58; vi. 189 Diogenes, vi. 180 Domenichino, Domenico Zampieri, known as, v. 26; vi. 17, 89 Dominic Loricatus, Saint, ii. 43 Domitian, the Emperor, ii. 108; iv. 299; vi. 104 Donarin (see Le Donarin) Donnadieu, Gabriel Vicomte, iii. 139 Donoughmore, John Hely-Hutchinson, third Earl of, iii. 110 Dorat, Claude Joseph, ii. 106 Doria, Lamba, ii. 66 Doria, Principessa, iv. 235 Dorica, the courtezan, vi. 180 Dorléans, Louis, i. 130 Douay (see Merlin de Douay) Doudeauville (see La Rochefoucauld-Doudeauville) Douglas, Marquess of (sec Hamilton) Downshire, Wills Hill, first Marquess of, iv. 161 Dowson, Ernest Christopher, vi. 266 Drago (see Del Drago) Drake, Francis, ii. 259 Drouet d'Erlon, Jean Baptiste Maréchal Comte, iii. 111 Drouot, Antoine Comte, iii. 84, 169 Drovetti, M., ii. 327-328 Druilhet, Père Julien, v. 363 Dryden, John, ii. 121 Du Barry, Jeanne Vaubernier, Comtesse, i. 177; v. 51, 215; vi. 202 Du Bartas, Guillaume de Salluste, vi. 88 du Bellay (see Bellay) Dubochet, M., v. 95 Dubois, Archbishop of Cambrai, Guillaume Cardinal, vi. 200 Dubois, Paul François, v. 260-261 Du Bois de La Ferronnière, Marquis, i. 146 du Boistelleul (see Boistelleul) Du Bourg, iii. 74 Dubourg-Butler, "General" Frédéric, iii. 181; v. 112-113, 118-120, 139 Du Cange, Charles Du Fresne, Seigneur, i. 146; iii. 124 Duchatelet, Dame, ii. 84 Du Châtelet, Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise, vi. 9 Duchesnois, Catherine Joséphine Rafin, known as Mademoiselle, ii. 177 Ducis, Jean François, iii. 29, 68-69; iv. 212 Duclos, Charles Pineau, i. 74; ii. 180; iii. 25; iv. 252-253 du Deffant (see Deffant) Dudevant, Dame (see Sand, George) Dudley, Lord Guildford, ii. 74 Dufay, Major, v. 110-111 Dufey, Pierre Joseph Spiridion, v. 55 Dufougerais, Alfred Xavier Baron, vi. 133 Du Fourni, Honoré Caille, i. 5 Dufour de Pradt (see Pradt) Dufresne (see Duris-Dufresne) Dugazon, Henri Gourgaud, known as, i. 128, 173 Dugazon, Louise Rosalie Lefèvre, Dame, i. 173 Dugied, the conspirator, v. 140 Duguay-Trouin, René, i. 26, 30 Du Guesclin, Connétable Comte de Longueville, Bertrand, i. 6, 9, 74; ii. 39, 200; v. 319 Du Guesclin, Tiphaine, i. 9 Duhamel, Abbé, i. 73 Duhamel de Monceau, Henri Louis, i. 180 Dujardin Pinte-de-Vin, Captain, i. 181, 209 Dulau, A., ii. 97, 116, 147 Dulong, François Charles, vi. 99, 158 Dumas the Elder, Alexandre Davy de La Pailleterie Dumas, known as, ii. 195; v. 290 Dumont, Baron von Carlskron, Jean, iv. 246-247 Dumont d'Urville, Jules Sébastien César, vi. 222 Dumorey, M., iv. 287 Dumoulin, Évariste, v. 95, 120 Dumouriez, General Charles François, ii. 14, 25, 259, 263, 300; iii. 73, 203, 299; v. 127 Duncker, Maximilian Wolfgang, v. 412 Duncombe, John, vi. 18 Dunmore, John Murray, fourth Earl of, i. 253 Dupan (see Mallet-Dupan) Dupanloup, Bishop of Orleans, Félix Antoine Philibert, vi. 190 Dupaty, Charles, iv. 253 Dupaty, Charles Marguerite Jean Baptiste Mercier, iv. 253 Du Paz, Père, i. 5 Dupeloux, Sub-prefect of Aix, iii. 84 Duperron, Bishop of Évreux, later Archbishop of Sens, Jacques Davy Cardinal, v. 14, 50 Dupin the Elder, André Marie Jean Jacques Dupin, known as, ii. 264-269, 274, 277; v. 95; vi. 161 Dupleix, Joseph François Marquis, vi. 201-202 Dupont, Jacques François, v. 95 Dupont de l'Étang, Pierre Antoine Comte, iii. 86, 99 Dupont de l'Eure, Jacques Charles, v. 173 Dupont de Nemours, Pierre Samuel, iii. 56, 73 Duport du Tertre, Louis François, ii. 25 Duport du Tertre, Dame, ii. 25 Dupuis, Charles François, ii. 180 Duquesne, Abraham Marquis, i. 38; ii. 35 Durand de Mareuil, M., iv. 211 Durante, Francesco, iv. 185 Duranton, Dame, iv. 24-25, 59 Duras, Emmanuel Félicité de Durfort, Maréchal Duc de, i. 17, 111, 118 Duras, Louise Françoise Macloven Céleste de Coëtlequen, Maréchale Duchesse de, i. 17 Duras, Amedée Bretagne Malo de Durfort, Duc de, iii. 101, 125-126, 128, 174-175; v. 107, 114 Duras, Claire Lechat de Coetnempren de Kersaint, Duchesse de, ii. 104; iii. 51, 101-102, 126, 128, 140; iv. 86, 121, 205-206, 222 Duras, Duchesse Douairière de, iii. 183 Dureau de La Malle, Adolphe Jules César Auguste, ii. 335 Dureau de la Malle, Jean Baptiste René, ii. 335 Duris-Dufresne, François, v. 162 Durrieu, Xavier, v. 96 Dussard, Hippolyte, v. 96 du Thiel (see Thiel) Du Tillet, Bishop of Meaux, Jean, iv. 112 Duval, Alexandre, v. 199 Duvergier de Hauranne, Prosper Louis, iv. 114, 217 Du Viviers, M., iv. 296; v. 28 E d'Eckmühl (see d'Auerstädt) d'Eckstein, Ferdinand Baron, iii. 161 Edgeworth, Maria, ii. 126 Edgeworth de Firmont, Henry Essex, Abbé, vi. 196 Edith the Swan-necked, i. 104 Edmund II. King of England, v. 377 Edward I. King of England, i. 9 Edward III. King of England, ii. 73-74 108, 137-138; iii. 138; iv. 58, 175; v. 411 Edward IV. King of England, ii. 75; v. 351 Edward V. King of England, ii. 75 Edward VII. King of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, H.M., v. 372 Edward VII. (see also Charles III. King of England, Scotland and Ireland) Égault, Abbé, i. 44-45, 53, 55-56, 63 Eggers, Karl, iv. 240 Eginhard, iv. 50 d'Églantine (see Fabre d'Églantine) d'Egmont, Comtesse, i. 132; ii. 10 d'Eichstadt (see Leuchtenberg) d'Elbée, General Gigot, ii. 187; v. 245 Elbeuf (see Lambesc) d'Elchingen, Prince de la Moskowa, Michel Ney, Maréchal Duc, iii. 50, 90, 114, 122, 169; iv. 7, 10; v. 246 Eldon, John Scott, first Earl of, iv. 70 Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France, later of England, iv. 17 Elfrida Queen of England, ii. 129 Elgin and eleventh of Kincardine, Thomas Bruce, seventh Earl of, vi. 59 Élisa Bonaparte, Princess Bacciochi, later Princess of Lucca and Piombino, later Grand-duchess of Tuscany, ii. 166, 212, 219, 246, 253-254, 294; iii. 46, 147 Élisabeth, Princess of France, Madame, i. 83, 160; ii. 37, 295 Elizabeth Queen of England, v. 351 Elizabeth Tudor, Queen of England, ii. 121, 138; iv. 72, 93; vi. 173 Elizabeth of Brunswick, Queen of Prussia, iv. 38 Elizabeth Empress of All the Russias, i. 13; vi. 101 Elizabeth Farnese, Queen of Spain, v. 15 Elleviou, Jean, v. 199 Elleviou the Elder, M., v. 199 Elzear of Sabran, Saint, i. 144 Emanuel I. King of Portugal, vi. 104 Emanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy, ii. 206 d'Embly, Thomas Artus, Sire, iv. 73 Emery, Abbé Jacques André, ii. 212-213 Emma Princess of France, iv. 50 Emo, Admiral Angelo, vi. 60 d'Enghien, Louis Antoine Henri de Bourbon-Condé, Duc, i. 59, 160; ii. 110, 164, 188, 252, 255, 257-293, 295; iii. 4, 18, 21, 47, 60, 102, 117, 125, 194, 219, 226; iv. 143, 145, 189, 198; v. 293; vi. 167, 183-185, 221 d'Enghien, Charlotte Louise Dorothée de Rohan-Rochefort, Duchesse, ii. 279 d'Enghien, François de Bourbon-Vendôme, Comte, ii. 279 Enke, the musician, iv. 38 d'Entragues, Comte, i. 113 d'Entragues, François de Balzac, i. 117 d'Entragues, Marie Touchet, Dame de Balzac, i. 117 d'Entragues, Demoiselle de Balzac, i. 117 d'Entragues (see also Saint-Huberti and Verneuil) Epaphroditus, vi. 104 d'Épernon, Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette, Duc, ii. 202; v. 385 Epictetus, vi. 104 Epicurus, v. 129 Epimenides, iv. 94 d'Épinay, Denis Joseph de La Live, ii. 26 d'Épinay, Louise Florence Pétronille Tardieu d'Esclavelles, Dame de La Live, ii. 26, 197 Erasmus, Desiderius, v. 272 Érard, Sébastien, iv. 42 d'Ercilla y Zuñiga, Alonso, i. xxiv, 212; vi. 222 Eresby (see Gwydyr) d'Erlon (see Drouet d'Erlon) d'Ermenonville, Dominique de Vic, Vicomte, v. 402 Ernest I. King of Hanover, iv. 33, 46 Ernest II. Duke of Saxe-Gotha, ii. 197 Erskine, Thomas first Lord, ii. 143 d'Esclavelles (see d'Épinay) Escotais (see Des Escotais) Esmenard, Joseph Alphonse, iii. 30 Espaing, Messire, v. 70 Espartero (see Vittoria) d'Esprémenil, M., ii. 84 d'Essling (see Rivoli) d'Estaing, Charles Hector Comte, i. 69, 164, 193 Esterhazy von Galantha, Nikolaus Field-Marshal Prince von, iii. 64 Esterhazy von Galantha, Paul Anton Prince von, iv. 69, 79; v. 146 Esterhazy, Countess von, v. 408 Esterhazy, Demoiselle, v. 408-409 Esther Queen of the Medes and Persians, v. 383 Esther, Anna, v. 383 Éstoile (see L'Éstoile) d'Estrées, Duchesse de Beaufort, Gabrielle, i. 72, 117, 120; ii. 193; iii. 63; iv. 79; vi. 242 d'Étampes, Anne de Pisseleu d'Heilly, Duchesse, i. 120; vi. 238 Étang (see Dupont de L'Étang) Ethelred II. King of England, v. 377 Étienne, Charles Guillaume, iv. 15, 129; v. 87 Eudes, Jean, i. 55 Eudes (see also Odo) Eudes de Mézeray (see Mézeray) Eugène, Francis Eugène Prince of Savoy-Carignan, known as Prince, v. 333 Eugenius, iii. 47 Eupert, ii. 218 Eure (see Dupont de l'Eure) Euripides, ii. 124, 178; iii. 29 Eve, vi. 88, 110-111, 237 Everett, Edward, vi. 159-160 Exelmans, Isidore Maréchal Comte, v. 108 Exmouth, Edward Pellew, first Viscount, v. 86 Eyck, Hubert van, iii. 135 Eyck, Jan van, iii. 135 F Fabert, Abraham Maréchal, vi. 24 Fabert, Abraham, vi. 24 Fabre, François Xavier Pascal, iv. 249-250 Fabre, Jean Raymond Auguste, v. 88, 96 Fabre, Marie Joseph Victorin, v. 89 Fabre d'Églantine, Philippe François Nazaire, ii. 18, 20, 21 Fabricius Luscinus, Caius, iii. 31 Fabry, Jean Baptiste Germain, iii. 87 Fabvier, Charles Nicolas Baron, iii. 57; iv. 117-118 Fagel, Robert Baron, iv. 211 Fairfax, Edward, i. 203 Falconieri, Signora, iv. 256 Falkland, Lucius Carey, second Viscount, ii. 39; v. 57, 295 Fall, pseud., John (see Chateaubriand, Armand Louis de) Fallon, P. J., vi. 134 Falloux, Frédéric Alfred Pierre Comte de, v. 310-311 Faneau de Lahorie (see Lahorie) Farcy, Jean George, v. 109 Farcy, Annibal Pierre François de Farcy de Montavallon, Comte de, i. 66 Farcy, Julie Marie Agathe de Chateaubriand, Comtesse de, i. 12, 15, 40, 66-67, 83, 96, 101-104, 111-112, 122, 125-126, 130, 137, 151, 155, 180; ii. 6, 9, 27, 65, 114-115, 146, 176, 208, 312-313, 319; v. 65, 258; vi. 246, 265 Farcy, Demoiselle de, ii. 319 Fare (see La Fare) Faria, Abbé Joseph, ii. 195 Fariau (see Saint-Ange) Fauche, J. F., ii. 97 Fauche-Borel, Louis, iv. 107 Faure, the "knight of July," v. 240 Fauriel, Claude, ii. 205 Fauvelet de Bourrienne (see Bourrienne) Faverolles (see Salvage de Faverolles) Favorinus, vi. 172 Favras, Thomas Mahi, Marquis de, i. 165, 173 Fayette (see La Fayette) Fayolle, M. de, i. 63-64 Fazy, Jean Jacques, v. 96 Feltre, Henri Jacques Guillaume Clarke, Comte d'Hunebourg, Maréchal Duc de, iii. 112, 127, 133, 181 Fénelon, Archbishop of Cambrai, François de Salignac de La Mothe, i. 14, 107; ii. 105, 313-314, 336; iii. 18-19 30, 33, 176; vi. 200, 246 Ferdinand I. the Emperor, vi. 84 Ferdinand II. the Emperor, v. 355 Ferdinand V. King of Spain, iii. 127, 176 Ferdinand VII. King of Spain, i. 49; ii. 257; iii. 221; iv. 53, 83-84, 96, 236, 272; v. 5, 8, 74-75, 84; vi. 97, 140, 207 Ferdinand III. Grand-duke of Tuscany, also of Würzburg, vi. 12, 45, 235 Ferdinand I. King of the Two Sicilies and IV. of Naples, ii. 25, 139, 153; iii. 147, 156; iv. 52, 193, 196-197; v. 51, 74, 134; vi. 45 Ferdinand II. King of the Two Sicilies, v. 322-323 Ferdinand IV. King of the Two Sicilies, vi. 202 Ferdinand of Prussia, Prince, ii. 289; iv. 34 Ferdinand Victor of Modena, Archduke, iv. 251 Ferrand, Antoine François Claude Comte, iii. 110 Ferrari, the supercargo, v. 244 Ferrero Della Marmora (see Delia Marmora) Ferron de La Sigonnière, François Prudent Malo, ii. 48, 54-55 Ferronnays (see La Ferronnays) Ferronnière (see Du Bois de La Ferronnière) Feryd-Eddyn-Atthar, i. 259 Fesch, Archbishop of Lyons, Joseph Cardinal Comte, ii. 213-214, 219, 221-222, 230, 237, 246 248; iii. 64, 215-216; iv. 238; v. 6, 30, 44-45, 52, 293 Feuchères, Madame de, i. 59 Feuillade (see La Feuillade) Feuquières, Manassés de Pas, Marquis, de, ii. 40 Feutrier, Bishop of Beauvais, François Jean Hyacinthe Comte, iv. 139, 304 Fézensac (see Montesquiou-Fézensac) Fielding, Henry, ii. 125 Fiévée, Joseph, i. 97 Fieschi, Joseph Marie, v. 101 Figeac (see Champollion Figeac) Filippo de' Giunazzi (see Romano) Firmont (see Edgeworth de Firmont) Fitz-James, Édouard Duc de, i. 97; iii. 74; iv. 67, 242, 250, 256, 258-260 Fitz-James, Jacques Duc de, vi. 249 Flahaut de La Billarderie, Auguste Charles Joseph Comte de, iii. 169 Flamarens, M. de, ii. 302 Flavigny, Maurice Adolphe Charles Vicomte de, iv. 33 Flesselles, Jacques de, i. 158 Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, André Hercule Cardinal de, i. 13; vi. 200 Fleury, Joseph Abraham Bénard, known as, i. 128-129, 173 Flins des Oliviers, Claude Marie Louis Emmanuel Carbon, i. 127-128; ii. 10, 208 Flora, the courtezan, v. 204 Florio, John, i. 52, 71, 79, 231; ii. 22, 73, 127, 206; iii. 60, 149; iv. 243-244; v. 333 Flotte, Étienne Gaston Baron de, ii. 257 Foissac-Latour, Vicomte de, v. 151 Foix (see Lautrec, Narbonne and Nemours) Folks, Mr., v. 98-99 Fonchais (see La Fonchais) Fontaine, Pierre François, iii. 102-103 Fontaine (see also La Fontaine) Fontanes, the Elder, Marquis de, ii. 104 Fontanes, Jean Pierre Louis Marquis de, i. 82, 127, 133-134, 175, 217; ii. 27, 104-107, 109-114, 146, 156-167, 161-162, 166, 168, 170-171, 177, 187, 210, 212, 239-240, 243, 253-254, 307, 319; iii. 3-4, 7-8, 10-11, 28, 35-36, 51, 140; iv. 39, 71, 147, 183, 213, 250-251, 258-159; v. 334; vi. 93 Fontanes, Marquise de, ii. 105 Fontanes, Christine Dame de, ii. 105 Fontanes-Saint-Marcellin (see Saint-Marcellin) Fontanges, Marie Angélique de Scoraille de Roussille, Duchesse de, v. 215 Fontenay, Chevalier de, iv. 106 Fontenille, Philippe de Laroche, Baron de, ii. 205 Fontenille, known as Fair Paule, Paule de Vignier, Dame de Bayganuet, later Baronne de, ii. 205 Fontevrault, née de Kochechouart de Mortemart, Abbesse de, i. 103 Forbin, Louis Nicolas Philippe Auguste Comte de, ii. 304-305 Forbin-Janson, Palamède de, v. 116 Force (see La Force) Foresta, Marie Joseph Marquis de, vi. 136 Formage, Alexandre, v. 254 Forrest, Miles, ii. 75 Foscari, Doge of Venice, Francesco, vi. 50 Fossombroni, Vittorio, vi. 235 Fotrad, ii. 218 Fouchard de Grandmenil (see Grand-ménil) Fouché (see d'Otrante) Foullon, Joseph François, i. 156, 161 Fouquet (see Belle-Isle and Hachette) Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine Quentin, ii. 20, 83-84; v. 310 Fourier, Charles, ii. 184 Fourni (see Du Fourni) Fourquet (see Hachette) Fox, Charles James, i. xxi; ii. 128, 143-145; iii. 215; iv. 70; v. 50 Foy, General Maximilien Sébastien, iv. 128, 218-219 Français de Lalande (see Lalande) France (see La France and Marie de France) Francesca da Rimini (see Malatesta) Franceschetti, General Dominique César, iv. 196 Franceschini, the sculptor, vi. 46 Francis of Assisi, Giovanni Francesco Bernardone, known as Saint, ii. 219; iv. 230; v. 65-66; vi. 143-145 Francis of Paula, Saint, i. 102 Francis I. Emperor of Austria (see Francis II., the Emperor) Francis II. Duke of Brittany, i. 25, 141 Francis I., the Emperor, i. 156 Francis II., later Francis I. Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, the Emperor, ii. 9, 14, 58, 264; iii. 34, 49, 64, 86, 107; iv. 187, 191, 193; v. 272, 339, 341, 358, 364, 369; vi. 12, 45, 106, 108, 113-114, 230-231 Francis I. King of England, Scotland and Ireland (see Francis V. Duke of Modena) Francis I. King of France, i. xxiv, 77, 85-109, 120, 141, 172; ii. 17, 205-206, 219; iii. 77, 188, 228; iv. 58, 180, 239; v. 110, 227, 330, 395; vi. 27, 173, 196, 238 Francis II. King of France, i. 109, 245; v. 49; vi. 173 Francis III. Duke of Modena, v. 230 Francis IV. Duke of Modena, iv. 251; v. 38, 40, 146; vi. 78, 102 Francis V. Duke of Modena, de jure Francis I. King of England, Scotland and Ireland, iv. 251 Francis I. Duke of Saxe-Saalfeld-Coburg, vi. 118 Francis I. Grand-duke of Tuscany, vi. 238 Francis I. King of the Two Sicilies, v. 157, 238, 322-323 Franco (see Campo-Franco) François de Neufchâteau, Nicolas Louis, iii. 23 Françoise d'Aubigné, Queen of France (see Maintenon) Franconi, Antonio, vi. 68 Franklin, Sir John, i. 136; vi. 222 Franklin, Benjamin, i. 251; ii. 23 Franqueville, M., v. 48 Fraser, J., v. 249 Frayssinous, Bishop of Hermopolis, Denis Comte de, iv. 135, 138-139; v. 88, 363; vi. 193 Frederic Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, iv. 38 Frederic II. Elector of Brandenburg, iv. 36-37 Frederic VI. King of Denmark and Norway, iv. 79 Frederic VII. King of Denmark and Norway, iv. 79 Frederic I. King of Prussia, Frederic III. Elector of Brandenburg, later, iv. 37, 58, 107 Frederic II. King of Prussia, i. 97-99, 107; ii. 33, 46, 258, 289; iii. 146; iv. 32, 34, 37-38, 40, 47, 55, 58, 106; v. 57, 381; vi. 6-7 Frederic I. King of Wurtemberg, v. 41 Frederic Augustus I. Elector of Saxony (see Augustus II. King of Poland) Frederic Augustus III. King of Saxony, iii. 146 Frederic Christian Duke of Schleswig-Holstein -Sonderburg-Augustenburg, iv. 49 Frederic Eugene Duke of Wurtemburg-Mumpelgard, iii. 49 Frederic Josiah of Coburg, Prince, iii. 162 Frederic William Elector of Brandenburg, iv. 37 Frederic William Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ii. 34, 162 Frederic William I. King of Prussia, v. 37 Frederic William II. King of Prussia, i. 98, 107; ii. 33-34, 52-53, 258; iv. 38, 55 Frederic William III. King of Prussia, i. 99, 107; ii. 258, 290; iii. 60, 86, 94, 107, 164; iv. 30, 33, 35, 41-42, 44, 49, 60, 102, 271, 279; v. 272 Frederic William IV. King of Prussia, iv. 33-34, 271 Frederic William Charles of Prussia, Prince, iv. 33 Frederica of Baden, Queen of Bavaria, v. 345 Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Hanover, iv. 33, 35, 40-41, 46-50, 58, 62 Freemantle, Messrs., i. xv Freslon, Bailli de, i. 8 Friedland (see Wallenstein) Frimont, Prince of Antrodocco, Johann Maria Field-marshal Baron, later Count von, iv. 193 Frisell, John Fraser, v. 249 Frisell, Eliza, v. 249, 255-256 Froissart, Jean, i. xxiv; v. 70 Fronsac, Duc de, iii. 51 Fronsac, née de Gallifet, Duchesse de, iii. 51 Fronsac, née d'Hautefort, Duchesse de, iii. 51; iv. 77 Fruglaye (see La Fruglaye) Fuguera, Basco, v. 227 Führich, Joseph, iv. 240 Fulton, Robert, i. 251 Funchal, Conde de, iv. 237; v. 18, 52 Fürst, Walther, v. 27, 277 Fuscaldo, Conte, iv. 236 G Gabriella of Savoy, Queen of Spain, iv. 80 Gagarin, Prince, iv. 236 Gaillard, Dr., iii. 227 Gaillard, M., iii. 141, 143 Galaizière (see La Galaizière) Galantha (see Esterhazy von Galantha) Galerius, the Emperor, iii. 12 Gall, Franz Joseph, ii. 195 Galleffi, Pietro Francesco Cardinal, v. 6, 23 Gallienus, the Emperor, ii. 184 Gallon II. King of Brittany, i. 144 Gama, Viceroy of India, Vasco da, i. 196; iii. 30, 208; vi. 86 Gamaches, Léonore de Montaigne, Vicomtesse de, iv. 231 Gamba, Bartolommeo, vi. 53, 55 Gamberini, Cardinal, v. 6 Garambouville (set Turreau de Garambouville) Garat, Dominique Joseph, ii. 105-106; vi. 202 Garcia, Manuel del Popolo Vicente, vi. 175 Gamier, Jean Jacques, i. 222 Gasc (see Kop) Gassicourt (see Cadet-Gassicourt) Gauja, M., v. 95 Gay, Marie Françoise Sophie Nichault de Lavalette, Dame, iii. 35; v. 200 Gay (see also Girardin) Gelée (see Lorraine) Gellius, Aulus, vi. 247 Gemistus Pletho (see Pletho) Geneviève, Saint, v. 232 Geneviève of Brabant, Saint, vi. 17 Genlis, Stéphanie Félicité Ducrest de Saint-Aubin, Comtesse de, iv. 44, 120, 149, 172-173, 200-201, 220, 237 Genoude, Eugène, i. 97 Genseric King of the Vandals, ii. 45 Gensonne, Armand, ii. 14 Gentz, Friedrich von, iii. 79; v. 342; vi. 46 Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, i. 8 Geoffrin, Marie Thérèse Rodet, Dame, ii. 51, 172 Geoffroy, Julien Louis, i. 63 George Podiebrad, King of Bohemia, v. 355 George II. King of Great Britain and Ireland, Elector of Hanover, ii. 120; vi. 239 George III. King of Great Britain, Ireland and Hanover, ii. 68, 71, 139, 142, 145-146; iv. 77, 250-251 George IV. King of Great Britain, Ireland and Hanover, i. 184, 186, 236; ii. 79, 91, 139, 142-143, 298; iii. 189-190; iv. 33, 49, 63, 68, 71, 73-74, 76-80, 85, 87-88, 91, 161-162, 164, 281; v. 19, 325; vi. 45, 252 George V. King of Hanover, Prince George of Cumberland, later, iv. 47, 49-50 George I. King of the Hellenes, iv. 118 George William Elector of Brandenburg, iv. 37 Gérard, Étienne Maurice Maréchal Comte, v. 94, 105, 112, 117, 139 Gérard, François Pascal Simon Baron, i. 189; iv. 34, 162, 172; v. 317 Gerbe, Abbé de, i. 63 Germanicus, the Emperor, ii. 33, 258, 291; iii. 34 Germanus of Auxerre, Saint, ii. 43 Gervase of Tilbury, ii. 30 Gesbert de La Noé-Sécho, Jean Baptiste, i. 48 Gesril, M. de, i. 32 Gesril, Demoiselles de, i. 32 Gesril du Papeu, Joseph François Anne de, i. 32-36, 43, 64, 66, 69-70; ii. 66-67; iii. 13-14 Gessler, Hermann, v. 277, 279 Gessner, Salomon, v. 291 Gevres, Duchesse de, v. 319 Giannuzzi (see Romano) Gibbon, Edward, ii. 120; iv. 120 Gibert-Arnaud, the "knight of July," v. 240-241 Gibours (see Anselme) Gigot d'Elbée (see d'Elbée) Ginguené, François Écuyer, i. 23 Ginguené, Thérèse Françoise Jean, Dame, i. 23 Ginguené, Pierre Louis, i. 63, 129-131, 178; ii. 27, 99, 157-158, 181 Ginguené, Dame, i. 130, 179 Giorgini, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's courier, iv. 232 Giorgione, Giorgio Barbarelli, known as, vi. 48-49 Giovanni, Fra (see John, Friar) Giovinezza (see Cellamare) Girac (see Bareau de Girac) Girardin, Alexandre Comte de, iv. 21 Girardin, Émile de, iv. 21; v. 200; vi. 133, 167 Girardin, Delphine Gay, Dame de, iii. 35; v. 200 Girod de l'Ain, Amédée Baron, v. 115 Girodet Trioson, Anne Louis Girodet de Roussy, later, iii. 7 Gisors, Fouquet, Comte de, vi. 201 Gisquet, Henri Joseph, iv. 115, 250, 256-257, 261-264, 370 Gisquet, Dame, v. 256-257, 261 Gisquet, Demoiselle, v. 256-257, 261-262 Giunazzi (see Romano) Giustiniani, Bishop of Imola, Giaccomo Cardinal, v. 4-6, 8, 23 Giustiniani, Bishop of Nebbis, Agostino Pantaleone, i. 196 Givré, M. Desmousseaux de, v. 28, 31-32, 114-115 Gluck, Christopher Willibald, i. 179; iv. 41 Gnathæna, the courtezan, vi. 180 Gobbien (see Le Gobbien) Godard, Sieur, ii. 277 Godet de Châtillon, Comte, i. 146 Godfrey of Bouillon, King of Jerusalem, v. 110 Godwin, William, i. 254; ii. 126 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, i. xxiii; ii. 127, 133; iv. 32, 181, 253 254; v. 412; vi. 75, 83-84 Goldsmith, Oliver, ii. 125 Gomer, i. 143 Gondi, Archbishop of Paris, Henri de, iii. 131 Gondi (see also Retz) Goodwyn, Dr. Edmund, ii. 70 Gontaut-Biron, Vicomte de, ii. 104 Gontaut-Biron, née de Montault-Navailles, Vicomtesse, later Duchesse de, ii. 103-104; v. 361-362, 364-365, 375, 376, 378, 391; vi. 130-131, 134 Gordon, Captain, i. 227 Gordon, John, i. 227 Gosch (see Abou Gosch) Gottorp, pseud., Count of Holstein (see Gustavus IV. Adolphus King of Sweden) Gouffier (see Choiseul-Gouffier) Goujon, Jean, iv. 238 Gourgaud, Gaspard Baron, ii. 280; iii. 169, 192, 209, 211; v. 98 Gourgaud (see also Dugazon) Gourlet de Lamothe (see Lamothe) Gouvion-Saint-Cyr, Laurent Maréchal Marquis, i. 172; iii. 120 Gouyon-Beaufort, Luc Jean Comte de, i. 75 Gouyon de Miniac, Pierre Louis Alexandre de, ii. 35, 54 Goyon, Citizeness, i. 108-109 Goyon, M. de, v. 103 Goyon-Miniac (sec Gouyon de Miniac) Goyon-Vaurouault, M. de, iii. 16-17 Goyon-Vaurouault, Dame de, iii. 17 Gracia (see Lucchesi-Palli) Gracchus, Caius Sempronius, iii. 30; v. 10 Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius, v. 10 Grammaticus (see Saxo Grammaticus) Gramont, Duc de, ii. 84 Gramont, Duchesse de, ii. 84 Gramont (see also Guiche) Grandmaison, Geoffroy de, v. 259 Grandmenil, Jean Baptiste Fouchard de, i. 128 Grant, Mr., iii. 98 Grant (see also Talleyrand-Périgord) Gray, Thomas, ii. 99, 140-141; iv. 233; vi. 123 Gregorio (see Di Gregorio) Gregory Bishop of Tours, Saint, ii. 52 Gregory I., Pope Saint, v. 4, 11 Gregory V., Pope, v. 376 Gregory VII., Pope Saint, iv. 260; v. 47 Gregory IX., Pope, vi. 143 Gregory X., Pope, v. 12 Gregory XIII., Pope, ii. 18; vi. 142 Gregory XVI., Pope, i. xxi, 65; v. 4, 8, 23, 295, 384; vi. 95, 216, 234-235 Grenier, Paul Comte, iii. 167-168 Grenville, William Wyndham, first Lord, ii. 143 Grétry, André Ernest Modeste, i. 164, 173 Grétry, Demoiselles, i. 173 Greville, Hon. Charles, ii. 139; iv. 185 Greville, Hon. Fulke, i. 188 Grew, Nehemiah, i. 180 Grey, Lady Jane, ii. 74 Grey, Charles second Earl, iv. 73, 92; vi. 134 Grey de Wilton, Arthur Grey, fourteenth Lord, v. 57 Griffi, Count, vi. 47, 66 Grignan, Françoise Marguerite de Sévigné, Comtesse de, i. 143, 228 Grimm, Friedrich Melchior Baron, ii. 26, 197 Grimod, Seigneur de La Reynierc, Gaspard, ii. 27 Grimod (see also Malesherbes) Grotius, Hugo de Groot, known as Hugo, iii. 22; iv. 280; v. 51, 57 Grotius, Pieter de Groot, known as Peter, v. 51 Grouchy, Emmanuel Maréchal Marquis de, iii. 163-164, 169 Grünstein, the Duc d'Enghien's body-servant, ii. 260 Guadagni, Bishop of Arezzo, Bernardo Gaetano Cardinal, v. 15 Guarini, Giovanni Battista, vi. 79 Guastalla (see Borghese) Guehenneuc de Boishue, Louis Pierre de, i. 154 Guénan, Chevalier de, i. 106 Gueneau de Musey, M., ii. 171 Guer, Julien Hyacinthe de Marnière, Chevalier de, i. 104, 146, 152 Guercino, Giovanni Francesco Barbieri, known as, vi. 80 Guérin, Pierre Narcisse Baron, iv. 234, 241, 285; v. 317 Guernon-Ranville, Martial Côme Annibal Perpétue Magloire Comte de, v. 82, 88, 131, 189, 422 Guerrande (see La Guerrande) Guerri de Maubreuil (see Maubreuil) Guesclin (see Du Guesclin) Guiccioli, later Marquise de Boissy, Teresa Gamba, Contessa, ii. 136; iv. 227; v. 59, 89 Guichardière (see La Guichardière) Guiche, later Duc de Gramont, Antoine Geneviève Héraclius Agenor de Gramont, Duc de, iv. 78; v. 130, 360, 363, 365 Guiche, later Duchesse de Gramont, Anne Quintina Albertina Ida de Grimaud d'Orsay, Duchesse de, iv. 73, 78; v. 363-365, 381,409 Guiche, later Duc de Gramont, Antoine Louis Marie de Gramont, Duc de, ii. 142; iv. 78; v. 130, 360 Guiche (see also La Guiche) Guidal, General Maximilien Joseph, ii. 269 Guignes, Duc de, iv. 160 Guilford, Frederick Lord North, later second Earl of, ii. 143 Guillaume Le Breton (set Le Breton) Guillaumy, the Saint-Pierre fisherman, i. 202-203 Guilleminot, Armand Charles Comte, iv. 299; v. 19 Guillemot, Commandant, v. 246 Guillon, Bishop of Morocco, Nicolas Silvestre, ii. 222-223, 247 Guinard, Joseph Augustin, v. 109-110, 126, 137, 141 Guiscard (see Robert Guiscard) Guise, Archbishop of Rheims, Louis II. de Lorraine, Cardinal de, ii. 21 Guise, Charles de Lorraine, Duc de, v. 402 Guise, François de Lorraine, Duc de, ii. 15, 21, 45; iii. 74; v. 131; vi. 23 Guise, Henri I. de Lorraine, Duc de, ii. 21; iii. 173; iv. 245; v. 104-105, 131, 257-258; vi. 143, 162 Guise, Henri II. de Lorraine, Duc de, iv. 245 Guizard, Sylvain, v. 95 Guizot, François Pierre Guillaume, iii. 99-100; iv. 73-74, 219, 289; v. 80-81, 87, 105, 116, 123, 135, 258 Gundling, Johann Paul, iv. 37 Gurowsky, the poet, v. 412 Gustavus IV. Adolphus King of Sweden, ii. 257-258; iv. 32, 37, 212 Gustawson, pseud. Colonel (see Gustavus IV. Adolphus King of Sweden) Guy of Penthièvre (see Penthièvre) Guyet, Isidore, v. 95 Guyomarais (see La Guyomarais) Gwydyr, Peter Burrell, first Lord, i. 188 Gwydyr, Baroness Willoughby de Eresby, Priscilla Barbara Elizabeth Bertie, Lady, i. 188; iv. 73 H Hachette, Jeanne Fouquet, Fourquet or Lainé, known as Jeanne, iii. 181 Hadrian, the Emperor, i. 249; vi. 104, 172 Hall, Captain Basil, iii. 212 Hallay-Coëtquen, Comte de, i. 18 Hallay-Coëtquen, Jean Georges Charles Emmanuel Marquis de, i. 17 Halleck, Fitz-Greene, i. 254 Ham, ii. 125 Ham (see also Jacqueminot) Hamilton and seventh of Brandon, Alexander Douglas-Hamilton, Marquess of Douglas, later tenth Duke of, iv. 161 Hamilton, Anthony Count, iii. 136 Hamilton, Sir William, ii. 139; iv. 185 Hamilton, Emma Lyon or Hart, Lady, ii. 139-140; iv. 185 Hamilton, Horatia, ii. 139 Hampden, John, vi. 123 Handel, George Frederick, ii. 146 d'Hane de Steenhuyse, Jean Baptiste Comte, iii. 141 Hanka, Vaclav, v. 389 Hannibal, ii. 330-331; iii. 87; iv. 123-124, 232; v. 336; vi. 178 d'Harcourt, Duc, ii. 107 Hardenberg, Karl August Prince von, iv. 44, 51 d'Hardivilliers, M., vi. 134 Harel, F. A., v. 290 Harel, Jacques, ii. 270 Harlay, Achille de, ii. 21; v. 257-258 Harlotta of Falaise, ii. 62 Harmodius, vi. 180 Harold II. King of England, i. 104 Harpe (see La Harpe) Harrowby, Dudley Rider, first Earl of, iv. 80 Hasdrubal, the third, ii. 331 Hasdrubal, the fourth, ii. 331 Hassenstein, Boguslav Lobkowitz, Baron von, v. 389, 410 Hastings, Warren, ii. 143 Hatte-Longuerue, Madame de, ii. 210 Hauranne (see Duvergier de Hauranne) d'Haussez, Charles Le Mercher de Longpré, Baron, v. 72, 379, 422 Haussmann, Nicolas Valentin, v. 96 d'Haussonville, M., v. 28 d'Hautefeuille, Charles Louis Felicité Texier, Comte, i. 119 d'Hautefeuille, née de Beaurepaire, Comtesse, i. 119 d'Hauterive, Alexandre Maurice Blanc de La Nautte, Comte, iii. 121-122 Hauteville, Tancred de, iv. 185-186 Hay des Nétumières, Comte, i. 146 Haymès, M., v. 135 Hazlitt, William Carew, iv. 243-244, 257; vi. 122 Hearne, Samuel, i. 136, 214 Heber, Bishop of Calcutta, Reginald, ii. 335 d'Hector, Charles Jean Comte, i. 67, 69 Heiden, Lodewijk Sigismund Vincent Gustaaf Count van, iv. 270 Helen, the Empress, Saint, iii. 206 Helen Pavlowna of Russia, Princess Frederica Charlotte Mary of Wurtemburg, Grand-duchess, iv. 36; v. 35, 41-42, 330 Helerius, Saint, ii. 62 Helgine, ii. 218 Hélier (see Helerius) Heliodorus Bishop of Tricca, vi. 110 Heliogabalus, the Emperor, vi. 213 "Hell," M., ii. 84 Hello, Charles Guillaume, v. 258-259 Hello, Ernest, v. 258 Héloïse, i. 94, 114, 137; 310-311; iii. 53 Helvétius, Claude Adrien, ii. 180; iii. 139 Hely-Hutchinson (see Donoughmore) d'Hénin, Madame, i. 174 Hennequin, Antoine Louis Marie, vi. 229 Hennin, Pierre Michel, ii. 300 Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England, iv. 251 Henry IV. the Emperor, v. 47 Henry VI. the Emperor, v. 377 Henry Emperor of the East, vi. 69 Henry I. King of England, i. 8, 39; ii. 62; iv. 209 Henry II. King of England, i. 39; iv. 17 Henry IV. King of England, ii. 121; iii. 138 Henry V. King of England, ii. 121; vi. 10 Henry VI. King of England, ii. 121, 200 Henry VII. King of England, i. 25; ii. 74-75; v. 351 Henry VIII. King of England, ii. 74, 122, 124, 138; iii. 30; iv. 93; v. 14 Henry IX. King of England, Scotland and Ireland, ii. 221; iv. 249, 251-252 Henry II. King of France, i. 109; ii. 172, 206, 294; iii. 176; iv. 58; v. 49 Henry III. King of France and I. of Poland, i. 109, 175, 212; ii. 18, 21, 202, 206; iii. 74, 173, 188; iv. 72-73, 124, 280; v. 16, 84, 137, 257; vi. 83, 173, 196 Henry IV. King of France and III. of Navarre, i. 25, 72, 85, 114, 117, 120, 126, 130, 175; ii. 37, 56, 63, 121, 152-153, 172, 206; iii. 29,63, 74-75, 77, 89, 97, 116, 127, 177, 228; iv. 58, 79, 124, 275, 280; v. 14, 50, 74, 118, 137, 142, 147, 155, 162, 170, 187-188, 196, 215, 223, 227, 229, 239, 266, 303, 324-325, 333, 346-347, 366, 377, 395-396, 401-402; vi. 27-28, 33, 61-62, 77, 105, 114, 151-152, 173, 196, 241-242 Henry V. King of France and Navarre, i. 124; ii. 54, 104, 216, 246; iii. 119, 140-141, 166, 178; iv. 12, 24, 47-49, 58-59, 122, 138-139, 252; v. 81, 111, 146-147, 149-151, 153, 155, 157-159, 168-169, 171, 174, 179, 191-192, 211-212, 215, 217, 220, 222-223, 226, 235, 246, 255, 266, 269, 302-303, 307-312, 321-325 327, 336, 342, 359-368, 371-372, 374-385, 390-391, 396-397, 402, 406-408, 415-417; vi. 16-17, 24, 27-28, 31-32, 34-35, 37-39, 47, 61, 68, 77-78, 94-100, 102, 113-118, 123, 128-141, 148, 151, 163, 165, 192-194, 197, 201, 231-232, 243-246, 248-254, 256, 263 Henry I. King of Hayti (see Christophe) Henry II. King of Navarre, vi. 173 Henry Prince of Nassau-Saarbrück, iv. 10 Henry of Prussia, Prince, iv. 38 Henry Albert of Prussia, Prince (see Albert of Prussia, Prince Henry) Henry-Larivière, Pierre François Joachim, iii. 13, 16 Hérault (see Rio) d'Herbey (see Saint-Aubin) d'Herbois (see Collot d'Herbois) d'Herbouville, Marquis, i. 97 Hercules I. Duke of Ferrara, vi. 92 Hercules II. Duke of Ferrara, vi. 96 Hercules III. Duke of Modena, vi. 78 Herder, Johann Gottfried von, v. 412 Hermer, M., i. 108 Herod King of Judæa, vi. 220 Herodias, v. 173 Herodotus, i. 216, 258; v. 401; vi. 220 Herrara, Juan de, iv. 58 Herschel, Sir William, ii. 140 Herschel, Caroline, ii. 140 Heytesbury, Sir William A'Court, later first Lord, iv. 83 Hilary Bishop of Poitiers, Saint, v. 161 Hildebert Archbishop of Tours, ii. 30 Hill, George, i. 254 Hingant, Jean, i. 25 Hingant de La Tiemblais, François Marie Anne Joseph, ii. 66, 72, 76-78, 80, 85, 90; iv. 71, 213 Hingray, Charles, v. 126, 137 Hinton, the boatswain, iii. 89 Hipparchus, vi. 180 Hippocrates, iii. 7; v. 229-230 Hlodwigh (see Clovis) Hoche, General Lazare, ii. 109; iii. 67-68, 203 Hocquart, née Pourrat, Dame, ii. 172 Hoffman, François Benoît, iii. 9 Hohenhausen, Élise Philippine Amalie von Ochs, Baroness von, iv. 35-36 Holbein the Younger, Hans, v. 272-273 Holland, Henry Richard Vassall Fox, third Lord, ii. 128; iii. 215; iv. 70 Holstein (see Staël-Holstein) Holstein-Gottorp, pseud. Count of (see Gustavus IV. Adolphus King of Sweden) Homer, i. 51, 200, 213, 232; ii. 48, 86, 124; iii. 5, 12, 24, 214; iv. 12, 123, 160, 258, 284; v. 347, 351; vi. 47, 91, 194 Honoria, Tusta Grata, iii. 47 Honorius III., Pope, vi. 143 Honorius, the Emperor, i. 74; iv. 227 Hontan (see La Hontan) Honoratus, Bishop of Aries, Saint, iii. 228 Hôpital (see L'Hôpital) Horace, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, known as, i. 53, 229; ii. 124, 204; iii. 23, 99; iv. 185; v. 25, 55, 63, 285, 314; vi. 4, 47, 237 Horatius Cocles, i. 35 Horrion, Father, vi. 142 Hortense de Beauharnais, Queen of Holland, iii. 17, 110, 122, 154; iv. 203, 287; v. 44, 291-298 Houdet, Comte de, ii. 196 Houdetot, Élisabeth Françoise Sophie de La Live de Bellegarde, Comtesse de, ii. 196-197, 301; iv. 285 Houdetot, General César Ange de, iv. 285 Hovius, Mayor of Saint-Malo, i. xxxi; vi. 264 Hubert, Jean, i. 63 Hubert, M., v. 137 Hugh Capet, King of France, iii. 137; iv. 7, 112; v. 196, 376; vi. 135, 196 Hugo, Victor Marie Vicomte, iii. 68; vi. 104 Hulin, Pierre Auguste Comte, ii. 262, 264-265, 267, 269-275, 283; iii. 16, 18 Hulot, Madame, iv. 167 Humbert I. King of Italy, i. 51 Humbert I. Count of Savoy, iv. 209 Humbert II. Count of Savoy, iv. 209 Humboldt, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von, iii. 207-208; iv. 39 Humboldt, Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferdinand Baron von, ii. 242; iv. 39 Humboldt, Fräulein von, iv. 39 Hume, David, ii. 120; iv. 250 Humphrey Count of Apulia, iv. 185 Hunt, James Henry Leigh, ii. 128 Huss, John, v. 296, 388 Hutchinson (see Donoughmore) Hyacinthe (see Pilorge) Hyde de Neuville, Jean Guillaume Baron, iii. 177; iv. 91, 102-103, 139-140, 142; v. 68, 117, 123, 250, 256, 258-259, 304; vi. 256 Hyperides, vi. 179 I Ibrahim Pasha, Viceroy of Egypt, ii. 338; iv. 263 Ignatius Loyola, Saint, v. 367 Inez de Castro (see Castro) Infantado, Duquesa de, iii. 74 Innocent VIII., Pope, ii. 53 Innocent X., Pope, v. 14 Innocent XIII., Pope, v. 15 Ippolito of Este, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan, Lyons and Narbonne, Prince, vi. 82 Ireneus Bishop of Lyons, Saint, ii. 308 Irving, Washington, i. 254 Isabel of Bavaria, Queen of France, vi. 10 Isabella of Angoulême, Queen of England, i. 9 Isabella I. Queen of Spain, iii. 127 Isabella II. Queen of Spain, H.M., iii. 221; v. 75; vi. 207 Isabey, Jean Baptiste, iii. 211 Isaias, iii. 195 Isaure, Clémence, ii. 207; v. 72 Iscariot, Judas, v. 307; vi. 26, 156 d'Isly, Thomas Robert Bugeaud de La Piconnerie, Maréchal Duc, vi. 99, 114, 158 Isnard, Maximin, ii. 14 Isoard (see also Delisle de Sales) d'Isoard, Archbishop of Auch, Joachim Jean Xavier Cardinal Duc, v. 22 Isotta (see Nogarola) Ivan VI. Tsar of All the Russias Ives, Rev. John Clement, ii. 80, 86-88, 92-93 Ives, Mrs., ii. 86-88, 92-93, 96 Ives, Charlotte (see Sutton) J Jacob, iii. 25 Jacob, J. J., i. 253 Jacquemin, potter and inn-keeper, iii. 227 Jacqueminot, Vicomte de Ham, Jean François, v. 153-154 Jacquin, Nikolaus Joseph Baron von, i. 180 Jacquin, Major, ii. 262-263 James Intercisus, Saint, ii. 43 James I. and VI. King of England, Scotland and Ireland, ii. 122 James II. and VII. King of England, Scotland and Ireland, i. 187; iv. 67, 106; v. 50, 115, 163, 178, 372; vi. 134 James III. and VIII. King of England, Scotland and Ireland, iv. 242, 249, 373 James I. King of Scots, ii. 201 Janson, Madame de, ii. 200 Janson (see also Forbin-Janson) Japhet, i. 142 Jaucourt, Arnail François Marquis de iii. 73, 99, 127, 171 Jauge, M., v. 369; vi. 39 Jay (see Le Jay) Jean de Bruges (see Eyck) Jeannin, Pierre Président, v. 50 Jebb, M.P., Sir Richard Claverhouse, v. 56, 335 Jefferson, President of the United States of America, Thomas, i. 252-253 Jenny, the Marquise de Custine's maid, ii. 193 Jepson, Mr. Edgar Alfred, vi. 266 Jeremias, v. 37 Jerome, Saint, iv. 232, 244 Jerome, King of Westphalia, iii. 64, 99, 162-163, 200; iv. 57, 242; v. 44, 46 Jerome of Brescia, vi. 102 Jerome of Prague, v. 296 Jersey, George Child Villiers, fifth Earl of, i. 188 Jersey, Sarah Fane, Countess of, i. 188; ii. 79; iv. 73 Joan of Arc, Venerable, ii. 109, 128; iii. 90, 98; iv. 41, 108, 112; vi. 78 Joan of Penthièvre, Duchess of Brittany, i. 141 Joan Queen of Castile, iii. 127 Joachim II. Elector of Brandenburg, iv. 37 Joachim King of Naples, ii. 25, 219, 223, 250, 262, 273, 275, 278, 283; iii. 46, 122, 144, 154-155; iv. 10, 184-185, 189-198, 220 Job, i. xxi, 82-83, ii. 201, 211, 212, 339 John the Baptist, Saint, v. 173 John the Evangelist, Saint, ii. 243; vi. 217 John the Silent, Bishop of Colonus, Saint, ii. 43 John of the Gridiron, Blessed, i. 25 John I. King of Bohemia, v. 355, 410-411 John III. Duke of Brittany, i. 141 John IV. Duke of Brittany, i. 141 John V. Duke of Brittany, i. 141 John King of England, i. 9; ii. 22, 121 John II. King of France, ii. 46, 108; iii. 193; vi. 196 John III. King of Portugal, vi. 104 John VI. King of Portugal and Brazil, iv. 53 John, Friar, vi. 46 John, the Marquess of Londonderry's groom, iv. 87 John of Bruges (see Eyck) John of Gaunt (see Lancaster) John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, iv. 37 Johnson, Samuel, ii. 121; iii. 23; v. 413 Johnson, Thomas, iii. 216 Joinville, François Ferdinand Philippe Louis Marie d'Orléans, Prince de, ii. 280; iii. 81, 225 Joinville, Jean Sire de, i. xxiv; ii. 132, 202, 278 Joly (see Crétineau-Joly) Joques, Père Isaac, i. 229 Jordan, Camille, iii. 68-69; iv. 128, 180, 213 Joseph King of Naples, later of Spain, i. 128; ii. 223, 257, 280; iii. 46, 54-55, 63-64, 73, 110, 154, 188; iv. 164, 195, 210, 241; v. 44; vi. 91, 184 Joseph, the Milanese tinman, ii. 321-322; v. 326 Josephine of Sardinia, Queen of France, iv. 9 Josephine of Saxony, Dauphiness of France, ii. 298 Joséphine Tascher de La Pagerie, Vicomtesse de Beauharnais, later Dame Bonaparte, later Empress of the French, ii. 261-262, 282; iii. 17, 98, 110, 184, 196; iv. 42, 165-166, 178; vi. 12 Joubert, General Barthélemy Cathérine, iii. 67-68 Joubert, Joseph, ii. 104, 157, 167-177, 213, 226-227, 230, 236, 239, 244, 307, 310, 317-319; iii. 51; iv. 213, 221; vi. 6 Joubert, Dame, ii. 171, 174 Joubert the Younger, ii. 174 Joubert, the conspirator, v. 140 Jouberthon, Jean François Hippolyte, ii. 166 Jouffroy, Théodore Simon, vi. 256-257 Jourdain, M., i. 178 Jourdan, Jean Baptiste Maréchal Comte, iii. 67, 155, 162, 203 Jowett, Benjamin, vi. 105 Judas Iscariot (see Iscariot) Julia, Saint, i. 102 Julian, the Emperor, i. 97; v. 196, 378; vi. 18 Julie Clary, Queen of Naples, later of Spain, iv. 210-211; v. 44; vi. 184 Julien, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's body-servant, i. xvi; ii. 319-333, 338 Julius II., Pope, iii. 176; iv. 42, 228 Julius III., Pope, iv. 241 Jullien, M., ii. 177 Jumilhac, Simplicis du Plessis, Marquis de, iii. 51 Junken, Bishop of Dol, i. 17 Junot (see d'Abrantès) Jussac, M. de, ii. 302 Jussieu, Alexis de, v. 95 Jussieu, Bernard de, i. 180 Justinian, the Emperor, iv. 227; v. 230 K Kaumann, Captain, v. 101 Keith, tenth Earl Marischal, George, iv. 106 Keith, George Keith Elphinstone, first Viscount, iii. 191-192 Keller, Xavier, v. 289 Kellermann (see Valmy) Kepler, Johann, v. 337 Kéralieu (see Kersalaün) Keranevant, Abbé de, iv. 168 Kératry, Auguste Hilarion Comte de, v. 27 Kératry, Jean François de, i. 144 Kergariou, Comte de, i. 149 Kergorlay, Louis Florian Paul Comte de, v. 244 Kergorlay, Louis Gabriel César Vicomte, later Comte de, v. 244 Kergu (see La Baronnais) Kersalaün, Marquis de, i. 153 Kersalaün, Jean Joseph Comte de, i. 153 Kerviler, M. René, vi. 265 Khlodwig (see Clovis) Khufu (sec Cheops) Kincardine (see Elgin) Kléber, General Jean Baptiste, iii. 67 Knowles, James Sheridan, ii. 128 Koller, Franz Baron von, iii. 78, 84, 87 Komierowski, Colonel, v. 107 Kop, Ol de, ii. 207 Kop, Honorine Gasc, Fru de, ii. 207 Koreff, Dr. David Friedrich, iv. 44-45 Kotzebue, Captain Otto von, iv. 40, 46 Kotzebue, August Friedrich Ferdinand von, iv. 40, 46 Krüdener, Baron von, ii. 232 Krüdener, Barbara Juliana von Vietinghoff-Scheel, Baroness von, ii. 232- 233, 299; iv. 203-204 Kutuzoff, Field-marshal Prince of Smolensk, Mikhail, iii. 190 L La Balue, Jean Cardinal, ii. 53 La Baronnais, Chevalier de, ii. 41 La Baronnais, François Pierre Collas, Seigneur de, ii. 41-42 La Baronnais, Renée de Kergu, Dame de, ii. 41 Labat, Père Jean Baptiste, iv. 247-248 Labé, Dame Perrin, Loyse, ii. 308; vi. 173 La Bédoyère, Charles Angélique François Huchet, Comte de, iii. 170 La Belinaye, Armand Magdelon Comte de, i. 126 La Belinaye, Renée Élisabeth de, i. 126 La Besnardière, Jean Baptiste de Gouy, Comte de, iii. 144-145 La Billarderie (see Flahault de La Billarderie) La Billardière (see Launay de La Billardière) La Bletterie, Abbé Jean Philippe René de, vi. 18 La Bonnière (see Beaumont de La Bonnière) Laborde, Captain, iv. 168 Laborde, Alexandre Louis Joseph Comte de, ii. 291; iii. 4, 39, 56; v. 96, 115 La Borde, Jean Joseph de, ii. 296 Laborie, Antoine Athanase Roux de, ii. 175; iii. 56, 86, 131, 177 Laborie the Younger, Roux, vi. 163 Labouchere, M. P., Mr. Henry Du Pré, ii. 121 La Boüétardais, Marie Joseph Annibal de Bedée, Comte de, i. 22-23; ii. 4 9, 62, 64-65, 69, 78, 80-81; iv. 71; v. 205; vi. 252 La Boüétardais, Marie Vincente de Francheville, Dame de Trélan, Comtesse de, ii. 69 La Boüétardais (see also Bedée) La Bouillerie, François Marie Pierre Roullet, Baron de, iv. 288 La Bourdonnais, Bertrand François Mahé de, i. 26; vi. 201 La Bourdonnaye, François Régis Comte de, iv. 136; v. 72, 81-82 La Bourdonnaye de Montluc, Marquis de, i. 146 La Bourdonnaye-Montluc, Chevalier de, i. 7 Labrador, Pedro Gomez Kavalo, Marques de, iv. 236; v. 8 Labre, Blessed Benedict Joseph, ii. 9 La Briche, Alexis Janvier de La Live de, ii. 191 La Briche, Adélaïde Edmée Prévost, Dame de La Live de, ii. 191 La Bruyère, Jean de, iii. 33 La Chalotais, Louis René de Caradeuc de, i. 18, 26 Lachambre, M., i. 149 Lachaud, M. de, v. 244 Laclos, Pierre Ambroise François Choderlos de, i. 135, 176 Lacombe, Charles de, vi. 256 Lacretelle the Elder, Pierre Louis Lacretelle, known as, i. 51; iii. 23 Lacretelle the Younger, Charles Jean Lacretelle, known as, i. 51; iv. 128; v. 80 Lacroix, the Polytechnic scholar, v. 110 Ladvocat, the publisher, iv. 120, 136 Lælius Sapiens, Caius, v. 56 Laensberg, Mathew, vi. 7 La Fare, Bishop of Nancy, later Archbishop of Sens, Anne Louis Henri Cardinal Duc de, v. 22 Lafaye, Pierre Benjamin, vi. 256-257 La Fayette, Marie Paul Joseph Gilbert Motier, Marquis de, i. 160, 163, 165, 181; ii. 14, 23, 102; iii. 28, 68-69, 118, 165-168, 177; iv. 127; v. 94, 105-107, 112-113, 126, 128, 135-139, 141, 159, 163, 217; vi. 158, 162, 191 La Fayette, née de Noailles, Marquise de, vi. 161 La Fayette, Georges Washington Motier de, vi. 161 La Fayette, Marie Madeleine Pioche de La Vergne, Comtesse de, ii. 152; iii. 128; vi. 240 La Ferronnays, Pierre Louis Auguste Ferron, Comte de, i. 27; iv. 36, 91, 104-106, 138, 215-216, 261-263, 265-284, 290-296; v. 22, 28, 68, 77; vi. 100, 120, 229-335, 264 La Ferronnays, Albert de, iv. 36 La Ferronnays, Alexandrine d'Alopeus, Dame de, iv. 36 La Ferronnière (see Du Bois de La Ferronnière) La Feuillade, Pierre Raymond Hector d'Aubusson, Comte de, iii. 141 Laffitte, Jacques, iv. 137; v. 105-107, 113-114, 116-117, 127-128, 133, 137-139, 141, 159, 265, 267, 370 Lafitau, Père Joseph François, i. 232 La Fonchais, Angélique Françoise Dame de, i. 92, 181 Lafontaine, August Heinrich Julius, v. 344 La Fontaine, Jean de, ii. 56, 124, 128, 152, 169; v. 314, 334; vi. 25, 201, 246 La Force, Armand Maréchal de, vi. 20 La Force, François Philibert Bertrand Nompar de Caumont, Marquis de, ii. 103 La Force, Marie Constance de Lamoignon, Marquise de Caumont de, ii. 103-104 Laforest, Antoine René Charles Mathurin Comte de, ii. 279-280, 289 La France, the Comte de Chateaubriand's man-servant, i. 29, 35 La Fruglaye, Comte de, i. 146 La Galaizière, M., i. 156 Lagarde, M., vi. 51 Lagrange, Bishop of Chartres, François, vi. 190 Lagrange, Joseph Louis Comte, ii. 187 La Guerrande (see Chateaubriand de La Guerrande) La Guichardière, Thibault de, vi. 255 La Guiche, Philibert de, i. 25 La Guyomarais, Dame de La Motte de, i. 92 La Harpe, Jean François de, i. 127-128, 131, 133, 175, 178; ii. 27, 99, 104-105, 138, 172, 194, 208-210; iii. 17, 152-155, 158, 220; v. 335 La Harpe, née de Hatte Longuerue, Dame de, ii. 210 Laher (see Brignon) Lahire, Étienne de Vignoles, known as, v. 378 La Hontan, Armand Louis de Delondarce, Baron de, i. 232 Lahorie, General Victor Claude Alphonse Faneau de, ii. 269 l'Ain (see Girod de l'Ain) Lainé, Jean Henri Joachim Hostein, Vicomte, ii. 247; iii. 100-101, 118; iv. 12, 27, 118, 202; v. 303-304, 416 Lainé (see also Hachette) Lais, the courtezan, vi. 180 Lalande, Joseph Jérôme Le Français de, iv. 252-253, 257 La Laurencie, Chevalier de, i. 7 La Live d'Épinay (see d'Épinay) La Live de La Briche (see La Briche) Lallemand, Charles François Antoine Baron, iii. 111 Lallemand, Henri Dominique Baron, iii. 111 Lallemant, Père Jérôme, i. 229 Lally, Thomas Arthur Baron Tolendal, Comte de, iii. 127 Lally-Tolendal, Trophine Gérard Marquis de, i. 161; ii. 294; iii. 127, 131; iv. 5-6, 128 Lalor, Alice, i. 65 La Luzerne, Bishop of Langres, César Guillaume Cardinal de, i. 97, 156; iv. 16 La Luzerne, Comte de, i. 73; ii. 234 La Luzerne, Guillaume Comte de, ii. 167, 234, 239 La Luzerne, Victoire de Montmorin Saint-Hérem, Comtesse de, ii. 167, 234 La Luzerne, César Henri de, ii. 234 La Maisonfort, Antoine François Philippe Dubois-Descours, Marquis de, ii. 223 La Maisonfort, Dame de, vi. 241 La Malle (see Dureau de La Malle) Lamarque, Maximilien Comte, v. 243, 290 Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis, v. 57, 79-80 Lamartinière, Antoine Auguste Bruzen de, i. 125 La Martinière, M. de, i. 106-107, 125-126; ii. 35; iii. 176; v. 317 La Mauvissière (see Castelnau) Lamballe, Marie Therèse Louise de Savoie-Carignan, Princesse de, i. 51; ii. 222 Lambesc, Charles Eugène de Lorraine, Duc d'Elbeuf, Prince de, i. 157 Lambruschini, Archbishop of Genoa, Luigi Cardinal, iv. 300; v. 23, 29, 35 Lamennais, Abbé Hugues Felicité Robert de, i. 27, 97; iv. 16; vi. 174, 214-216 Lameth, Alexandre Théodore Victor Comte de, iii. 170 Lameth, Charles de, iv. 43 La Mettrie, Offroy de, i. 26 Lamoignon, René Chrétien Auguste Marquis de, ii. 100, 146, 156 Lamoignon, Anne Pierre Christian Vicomte de, ii. 100, 137, 146, 167 Lamoignon, Guillaume Président de, i. 50, 134; ii. 100 Lamoignon, Chrétien François de, i. 134; iv. 164 Lamoignon, Christian de, i. 134; iii. 57; iv. 164 Lamoignon (see also Basville and Malesherbes) Lamoignon de Baville, Nicolas, i. 134 La Morandais, François Placide Maillard, Seigneur de, i. 50, 52 Lamothe, Étienne Auguste Baron Gourlet de, iii. 177 La Mothe-Fénelon (see Fénelon) Lamotte, Demoiselle, ii. 232 La Motte de La Guyomarais (see La Guyomarais) Lamotte-Piquet, Comte de, i. 69 Lancaster, John of Gaunt, Duke of, iii. 138 Lancelotti, Ottavio Principe, iv. 238 Lancelotti, Giuseppina Massimo d'Arsoli, Principessa, ii. 221; iv. 238 Lanchantin (see Valmore) Lander, Richard Lemon, vi. 121 Langhorne, John, ii. 337; vi. 243 Langhorne, William, ii. 337; vi. 243 Langres, Pierre de, i. 36 Lanjamet, Chevalier de, i. 8 Lanjuinais, Jean Denis Comte, iii. 68-69, 165, 167 La Noue, François de, ii. 56 La Noue, M. de, v. 80 Lansdowne, Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, third Marquess of, iv. 78 Lansfeld, Marie Dolores Eliza Rosanna Gilbert, known as Lola Montes, later Countess von, v. 25 Lante Monfeltrio delle Rovere, Maria Colonna, Duchessa di, iv. 256 Lanty (see Chastenay-Lanty La Pailleterie Dumas (see Dumas) Lapanouze, Alexandre César Comte de, v. 201-202 Lapelouse, V. de, v. 95 La Pérouse, Jean François Galaup, Comte de, i. xxi, 69, 193; ii. 36 La Piconnerie (see d'Isly) Laplace, Pierre Simon Marquis de, ii. 187 La Porta (see Sébastiani de La Porta) La Porte, Arnaud de, i. 156 Laprade, Pierre Marin Victor Richard de, vi. 257-260 Laqueville, Jean Claude Marin Victor Marquis de, ii. 4 La Revellière-Lepeaux, Louis Marie, v. 119 La Reynière (see Grimod) Larive, Jean Mauduit de, i. 128 Larivière (see Henry-Larivière) Larnage, Dame de, vi. 71 Laroche (see Lenoir-Laroche) La Rochefoucauld, Prince de Marcillac, François Duc de, ii. 152; iii. 128, 131 La Rochefoucauld, Louis Alexandre, Duc de, i. 174 La Rochefoucauld, Sosthène de, iii. 97; v. 97 La Rochefoucauld-Doudeauville, Ambroise Polycarpe Duc de, iv. 134-135, 177; vi. 184 La Rochefoucauld-Doudeauville, Marie Charles Gabriel Sosthène Duc de, iv. 12, 177 La Rochefoucauld-Doudeauville, Élisabeth de Montmorency-Laval, Duchesse de, iv. 12 La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, François Alexandre Frédéric Duc de, i. 171; iv. 132 La Rochejacquelein, Auguste du Vergier, Comte de, iii. loi La Rochejacquelein, Claire Louise Augustine Félicité Magloire de Durfort, Princesse de Talmont, later Comtesse de, iii. 101 La Rochejacquelein, Henri du Vergier, Comte de, i. 181; ii. 107; v. 245 La Rosa (see Martinez de La Rosa) La Rouerie, Armand Marquis de, i. 66, 92, 146, 180-181 La Rouerie, Anne Joseph Jacques Tuffin de, i. 126 La Rouerie, Therèse de La Belinaye, Dame de, i. 126 Larousse, Pierre Athanase, vi. 266 Larreguy, F., v. 96 Larrey, Félix Hyppolite Baron, v. 103 Larrey, Jean Dominique Baron, v. 103 La Sablière, Antoine Rambouillet de, vi. 25 La Sablière, Dame de, vi. 25 La Salle, Antoine de, v. 371 La Saudre, François Guillaume de, i. 149 La Saudre, Pierre de, i. 149 Las Cases, Emmanuel Augustin Dieudonné Comte de, ii. 281, 285-288; iii. 192, 209, 211, 215 Las Cases the Younger, M. de, iii. 209, 211 La Sigonnière (see Ferron de La Sigonnière) La Somaglia (see Della Somaglia) Lassalle, Sieur, ii. 156 Lassalle, pseud. (see Chateaubriand, François René Vicomte de, passim) La Suze, Marquis de, iii. 176 Latapie, Colonel, iii. 216 La Tiemblais (see Hingant de La Tiemblais) Latil, Bishop of Amycla, later Bishop of Chartres, later Archbishop of Rheims, Jean Baptiste Marie Anne Antoine Cardinal Duc de, v. 18, 20, 22-23, 35, 52, 343, 363, 373-375, 378, 415; vi. 136, 193 La Tour, pseud., Abbé de (see Charrière, Madame de) Latour (see also Foissac-Latour) Latour-Maubourg, Marie Victor Nicolas de Fay, Marquis de, v. 321, 323; vi. 26, 136 La Tournelle, Marquis de, ii. 298 La Tournelle (see also Châteauroux) La Trémoille, Vicomte de Thouars, Prince de Talmont, Louis II. Sire de, i. 150 Lauderdale, James Maitland, eighth Earl of, ii. 143 Laughton, M.A., Professor John Knox, vi. 155-156 Laujon, Pierre, iii. 23, 29 L'Aulne (see Turgot) Launay de La Billardière, David, i. 47 Launay de La Billardière, Gilles Marie de, i. 47, 108 Launey, Bernard René Jourdan, Marquis de, i. 158 Lauraguais, Diane Adélaïde de Mailly-Nesle, Duchesse de, ii. 297 Laurence, Saint, v. 307 Laurencie (see La Laurencie) Lauriston, Jacques Alexandre Bernard Law, Maréchal Marquis de, iv. 62 Lautrec, Odet de Foix, Maréchal Vicomte de, i. 120; ii. 219; iv. 228 Lautrec de Saint-Simon, M., i. 171 Lauzun, later Duc de Biron, Armand Louis de Gontaut de Biron, Duc de, i. 51, 176, 181; ii. 142; v. 318 Laval, Agnes of, i. 8 Laval (see also Montmorency-Laval) Laval-Montmorency, Anne Pierre Adrien Prince de Montmorency, later Duc de, ii. 179; iii. 97; iv. 140, 158-160, 164-166, 213, 302; v. 3, 7-8, 17, 27, 49, 52, 68, 78 Lavalette, M. de, iii. 5 Lavalette, Marquise de Béville, later Dame de, iii. 5 Lavallette, Antoine Marie Chamans, Comte de, iii. 110, 169, 190 Lavallette, Émilie Louise de Beauharnais, Comtesse de, iii. 110 La Vallière, Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc, Duchesse de, i. 102, 120; ii. 172; v. 215; vi. 201, 242 Lavandier, M., i. 58 Lavater, Johann Caspar, v. 291 La Vauguyon, M., i. 156 Lavergne, Louis Gabriel Léonce Guilhaud de, ii. 207 La Vergne (see Pioche de La Vergne) La Vigne, Alexis Jacques Buisson de, ii. 5 La Vigne, Céleste Rapion de La Placelière, Dame Buisson de, ii. 5 La Vigne the Elder, M. Buisson de, ii. 5-6 La Vigne (see also Chateaubriand and Plessix de Parscau) La Villate, M. de, v. 361-362, 380; vi. 136 La Villate the Elder, M. de, v. 362 La Villedeneu (see Loisel de La Villedeneu) Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent, vi. 161 Law, John, vi. 200, 239 Laya, Jean Louis, iii. 16 Leæna, the courtezan, vi. 180 Lebeschu, Mathilde, v. 244; vi. 98, 100 Lebon, Joseph, iv. 4 Le Borgne, Sieur, i. 5 Le Bouthillier de Rancé (see Rancé) Le Breton, Guillaume, i. 199; ii. 30 Lebrun, Third Consul, later Duke of Piacenza, Charles François, ii. 259; iii. 68 Le Brun, Ponce Denis Escouchard, i. 131 Lebrun, Élisabeth Vigée, Dame, i. 131; ii. 168 Le Chapelier, Isaac René Guy, i. 167; ii. 84 Leclerc, General Victor Emmanuel, ii. 223; iii. 30, 191 Le Coigneux de Bachaumont (see Bachaumont) Le Corvaisier (see Corvaisier) Lecoulteux, née Pourrat, Dame, ii. 172 Led'huy, Édouard, v. 244 Le Donarin, M., i. 108 Ledru, Charles, v. 261, 309-310 Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre Auguste, v. 261 Lefebvre, Jacques, v. 96 Lefebvre-Desnoettes, Charles Comte, iii. 111 Lefebvre de Vatimesnil (see Vatimesnil) Lefranc, Jean Baptiste Antoine, iii. 213 Le Français de Lalande (see Lalande) Le Gobbin, i. 55 Legouvé, Gabriel Marie Jean Baptiste, iii. 23 Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm Baron von, iv. 292 Leiberich (see Mack von Leiberich) Leigh, Hon. Augusta Ada Byron, Mrs., ii. 136 Le Jay, the bookseller, i. 176 Le Jay, Dame, i. 176 Lelièvre, the boatman, iii. 16 Lemaire (see Cauchois-Lemaire) Le Maître, M., ii. 191 Lemercier, Louis Jean Népomucène, ii. 187; iii. 68-69 Le Metel (see Boisrobert) Lemierre, Antoine Marie, ii. 99 Lemierre, Auguste Jacques, ii. 99, 157 Lemoine, M., v. 319 Lemontey, Pierre Édouard, iv. 44; v. 230 Le Motha, Captain, v. 129 Lemoyne-Saint-Paul, Paul Lemoyne, known as, iv. 285 Lenclos, Anne, known as Ninon de, ii. 100 Lenglet-Dufresney, Abbé Nicolas, vi. 78 Lenoir-Laroche, Jean Jacques Comte, ii. 195 Lenormant, Charles, iv. 180, 299; v. 85, 200, 261 Lenormant, Amélie Cyvoct, Dame, i. 5; iv. 180, 188, 234, 299; v. 85, 197, 261; vi. 237, 258-261 Le Normant, the publisher, ii. 181; iii. 91, 103, 133; iv. 7, 15-16; v. 122 Le Nôtre, André, vi. 241-242 Leo I., Pope Saint, ii. 185 Leo III., Pope, ii. 32 Leo IV., Pope Saint, v. 11 Leo X., Pope, iv. 226, 228; v. 14, 58, 273 Leo XII., Pope, ii. 238, 247; iv. 232, 234-235, 238, 287, 290-290, 299-303; v. 1-5, 7-8, 15, 18, 20, 23, 31, 36-37, 53, 316, 373, 384 Leo XIII., Pope, v. 57 Léon, Bishop of Saint-Pol-de-Léon, Jean François de La Marche, Comte de, ii. 103 Leonardo da Vinci (see Vinci) Leonidas I. King of Sparta, i. 216; iv. 298 Leonora of Este, Princess, v. 330; vi. 82-84, 87, 92, 100 Leonora (see also Castellani) Leopold I. Duke of Austria, v. 377 Leopold I. King of the Belgians, v. 323, 381; vi. 118 Leopold I. the Emperor, iv. 37 Leopold II. the Emperor, ii. 9; vi. 114 Léotaud, the gaoler, v. 252-253 Léotaud, Dame, v. 252 Lepeaux (see La Revellière-Lepeaux) Lepelletier, the committee-man, v. 126 Lepelletier d'Aulnay (see d'Aulnay) Lepelletier de Saint-Fargeau (see Saint-Fargeau) Le Prestre de Vauban (see Vauban) Leprince, Abbé, i. 44, 57, 63 Lerminier, Jean Louis Eugène, vi. 10 Leroux, Pierre, v. 95, 260 Lerva, Gendarme, ii. 262-263 Le Sage, Alain René, ii. 81, 332 Lescarbot, Marc, i. 232 Lescourt (see Maillard de Lescourt) Lescure, Louis Marie Marquis de, ii. 107 Lesdiguières, François de Bonne de Créqui, Maréchal Duc de, vi. 19-20 Lesseps, Ferdinand Vicomte de, vi. 223 L'Estoile, Pierre de, i. 175; ii. 15; v. 104, 187-188, 239 Le Sueur, Eustache, ii. 309 Le Sueur, Dame, ii. 309 L'Étang (see Dupont de L'Étang) Leuchtenberg, Prince d'Eichstadt, Viceroy of Italy, Eugène Vicomte de Beauharnais, Duc de, ii. 261; iii. 17; iv. 165-166, 191; v. 103 l'Eure (see Dupont de L'Eure) Levasseur, M., v. 96 Lévis, Gaston François Christophe Victor Duc de Ventadour and de, iii. 140-141; v. 268 Lévis, Marie Cathérine Amande d'Aubusson de La Feuillade, Duchesse de, iii. 141 Lévis, Gaston Marc Pierre Duc de, iii. 136, 139-140, 174 Lévis, Pauline Louise Françoise Charpentier d'Ennery, Duchesse de, iii. 51, 139-140, 176; iv. 14-15 Lewis, Matthew Gregory, ii. 126 Lewis, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's footman, i. 190 L'Herault (see Rio) L'Hôpital, Michel Chancelier de, ii. 102; v. 49-50, 55 Liancourt (see La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt) Libba, or Libbe, Armand de Chateaubriand's mistress, ii. 50 Liberi, Pietro, vi. 103 Lichtenau, Wilhelmina Enke, Frau Rietz, later Countess von, iv. 38 Licino, Monsignor, vi. 85 Lieven, Khristopher Andreievitch Count, later Prince de, iv. 74 Lieven, Doroteya Khristoforovna von Benkendorf, Countess, later Princess de, iii. 72; iv. 73-74 Ligne, Charles Joseph Field-marshal Prince de, ii. 58-59 Lille, pseud., Comte de (see Louis XVIII. King of France and Navarre) Limoëlan de Clorivière, Joseph Pierre Picot, i. 65 Lindsay, Mrs., ii. 100, 147, 155, 156, 193; iii. 35 Linnæus, Carolus, i. 180 Lioult de Chênedollé (see Chênedollé) Lippi, Fra Filippo, iv. 232 Lippold, the poisoner, iv. 37 Lipsius, Joest Lips, known as Justus, v. 62 Live d'Épinay (see d'Épinay) Live de La Bride (see La Bride) Liverpool, Charles Jenkinson, Baron Hawkesbury, first Earl of, iv. 81 Liverpool, Robert Banks Jenkinson, second Earl of, i. 187; ii. 145-146; iii. 215; iv. 81-82, 89, 92, 217; vi. 252 Livorel, Robert Lambert, i. 150 Livy, Titus Livius, known as, i. 33; ii. 335; iv. 185, 225; v. 155; vi. 79, 105, 142, 157 Lobau, Georges Mouton, Maréchal Comte de, v. 113 Lobineau, Dom, i. 5 Lobkowitz (see Hassenstein) Lodi, Vice-president of the Cisalpine Republic, Francesco di Mela, Duca di, ii. 219 Lodin, Mayor of Combourg, i. 108 Lœwenhielm, Gustav Karl Frederik Count, v. 144, 146 Logan, James, i. 253 Logan, Tah-Gah-Jute, known as John, i. 253 Lointier, the tavern-keeper, v. 137 Loisel de La Villedeneu, Demoiselles, i. 22; ii. 310 Lomaria, M. de, i. 143 Lombard, Charles, i. 227 Loménie-Brienne (see Brienne) Londonderry, Robert Stewart, first Marquess of, i. 188 Londonderry, Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, later second Marquess of, i. xxxi, 188; ii. 79, 93; iii. 49, 163; iv. 65-67, 71, 73, 76, 80-83, 86-90, 92, 190 Londonderry, Amelia Anne Hobart, Marchioness of, iv. 65, 87 Longuerue (see Hatte-Longuerue) Longueville, Anne Geneviève de Bourbon-Condé, Duchesse de, ii. 151-154, 172; vi. 77 Longueville (see also Du Guesclin) Longueville-Nemours, Marie Duchesse de, iv. 106-107 Lopez, Fernando, iii. 207 Lorgeril, Comte de, v. 87 Lorges, Comte, later Duc de, v. 245 Lorrain, Claude Gelée, known as Claude, iv. 242, 258-259; v. 288 Lorraine, Charles de Guise, Cardinal de, iii. 30, 74 Lothair King of France, iv. 112 Lothon, the Polytechnic scholar, v. 107 Loudoun, John Campbell, fourth Earl of, i. 224 Louis I. King of Bavaria, iv. 118, 164; v. 25, 41 Louis I. Count of Flanders, iii. 138 Louis I. King of France, the Emperor, v. 11; vi. 195 Louis V. King of France, iii. 137; iv. 112 Louis VI. King of France, i. 9; iv. 209 Louis VII. King of France, iv. 17; vi. 196 Louis VIII. King of France, ii. 256; v. 225; vi. 196 Louis IX. King of France, Saint, i. 6, 118, 144, 164; ii. 15, 38, 192, 202, 204, 256, 278, 297, 331; iii. 90, 103, 120, 138, 144-145, 177, 228; iv. 5, 11, 22-23, 143, 291; v. 12, 85-86, 142, 155, 175, 188, 212, 225, 229, 239, 268, 273, 296, 302, 336, 356, 372, 379, 396; vi. 27, 36, 96, 117, 139-140, 194, 196, 251 Louis XI. King of France, ii. 32, 53, 105, 201; iii. 153; v. 355; vi. 49, 147, 196 Louis XII. King of France, i. 141, 150, 172; ii. 17; iii. 176; iv. 229; v. 395; vi. 27, 96; vi. 196, 238 Louis XIII. King of France and Navarre, i. 25, 114; ii. 151, 205; iv. 245; vi. 28-29, 33, 196 Louis XIV. King of France and Navarre, i. 7, 26, 38, 77, 85, 100, 103, 117, 120, 126, 232, 236; ii. 100, 105, 151, 159, 172, 188, 192, 202, 204-205, 207, 309; iii. 25, 27, 58, 94, 177, 194, 197-198, 225, 228; iv. 22, 34-35, 38, 44, 58-59, 79, 89, 122, 137, 217, 274; v. 50, 85-86, 101, 137, 143, 215, 230, 272, 330, 332-333, 403; vi. 19-20, 27, 32, 33, 151, 174, 185, 196, 199, 222, 238-242, 246-247, 250 Louis XV. King of France and Navarre, i. 26, 138, 163, 176-177, 224; ii. 102, 188, 230, 298-299, 301; iii. 127, 181, 194; iv. 8, 38, 89, 109, 252; v. 51, 137, 215, 333; vi. 69, 78, 80, 151, 174, 199-200, 202, 241-242 Louis XVI. King of France and Navarre, i. xxi, 6, 18, 51, 111-112, 118-123, 134, 138, 140, 143-144, 146, 156-157, 159-165, 168-169, 176, 178, 187, 216, 247, 261; ii. 4, 5, 12-14, 18, 22, 25, 34, 43, 48, 52, 54, 61-62, 73, 82, 106-107, 119, 142, 156-157, 167, 171, 234, 257, 259, 296, 300-301; iii. 5, 16-17, 56, 59, 65, 73, 75-76, 79, 94, 99, 102-104, 119, 127, 139, 142-143, 167, 177, 182, 188, 218; iv. 4, 22, 25, 38, 40, 55, 84, 91, 96, 109-111, 124, 189, 198, 252; v. 162, 175, 177-178, 180, 189, 275, 303, 321, 332, 356, 387, 393, 402, 407-409; vi. 30, 32-33, 140, 146, 150, 153, 159, 162, 174, 181, 194-196, 198, 202-203, 242 Louis XVII. King of France and Navarre, i. 156-157, 160, 163; ii. 216; iii. 94; iv. 109 Louis XVIII. King of France and Navarre, i. xxi, 32, 37, 59, 71, 107, 160-161, 163, 176, 178, 184-186, 190; ii. 4, 17, 22, 34, 40, 64, 71, 79, 100-101, 104, 107, 137, 156, 187, 195, 251, 257-259, 279-280, 301; iii. 13, 37, 57, 61, 63, 65, 68, 73, 76, 78-81, 84-85, 87, 89-102, 104, 111-112, 116-124, 126-129, 131-133, 136-139, 141-147, 150, 153, 155 158-159, 161-162, 165, 168-178, 180-184, 188-189, 211; iv. 1, 3, 7-12, 14, 21, 27, 29-30, 43-44, 59, 61-63 65-66, 68-69, 79, 85-86, 90-91, 96-97, 101, 106-107, 109, 111, 138-139, 169-170, 187, 199, 212, 217, 230, 302; v. 18, 44, 78, 81, 97, 106, 108, 119, 146-148, 160, 172, 178, 227, 267, 339, 342, 348, 360, 393, 395, 398-399, 401; vi. 45, 97, 113, 155, 183, 185, 187, 194-195 Louis XIX. King of France and Navarre, Louis Antoine Duc d'Angoulême, later, i. 156, 160; ii. 63, 259; iii. 119-120, 122, 129-130, 140; iv. 8, 96, 116, 169, 219, 252, 280, 299; v. 69, 84, 88, 96, 104, 106, 110-111, 129-132, 143, 147-151, 153, 157, 168-169, 191-192, 220, 307, 321, 342, 360-361, 372, 374-375, 378-379, 385-386, 394, 402, 406, 417; vi. 35, 62, 97, 128, 131-132, 134, 137-138, 140, 193, 197, 243, 245, 253-254 Louis King of Holland, iii. 17; iv. 241; v. 44, 292 Louis II. Duke of Anjou, King of Naples, ii. 202 Louis of Bavaria, H.R.H. Prince, iv. 251 Louis of Bavaria, de jure Mary IV. Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland, Maria Theresa Henrietta Dorothea of Modena, H.R.H. Princess, iv. 251 Louis Dauphin of France, known as the Great Dauphin, vi. 241 Louis Duc de Bourgogne, later Dauphin of France, vi. 241, 246 Louis of Prussia, Prince, iv. 33 Louis, Joseph Dominique Abbé Baron, i. 177; iii. 100, 127, 129-131, 171-173; v. 72, 115, 172-173 Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, Prince, ii. 289-290; iv. 34 Louis-Philippe Duc d'Orléans, later King of the French, i. 37, 134, 177, 185; ii. 26, 100, 163, 168, 222-223, 261, 280, 293; iii. 13, 50-51, 57, 65, 89-90, 95, 99, 111-112, 117, 119, 124-125, 137, 139, 143, 145, 163, 165, 168, 178, 225; iv. 15, 21, 58, 75, 102, 111, 114, 135, 138, 145, 161; v. 27, 86-87, 94, 101, 103, 105-106, 108, 114, 118, 123, 126-128, 132-143, 147-152, 156-163, 168, 171-174, 178, 193, 211, 218-220, 222, 225, 238, 253, 258, 260-261, 264, 290, 307-308, 325, 327, 366, 368, 396, 398; vi. 26, 33-34, 37, 78, 95, 113-114, 117-118, 130-131, 146-152, 155, 159, 162, 164-166, 170-171, 242, 244, 249, 261 Louisa of Mecklemburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia, ii. 258; iii. 60, 86; iv. 41, 49, 58, 164 Louise of Orleans, Queen of the Belgians, vi. 118 Louise of Stolberg-Godern, Queen of England, known as Countess of Albany, ii. 202; iv. 249-250 Louise of France, Duchess of Parma, v. 174, 321, 324-325, 359, 361-366, 374-378, 383, 388, 390-391, 406-408, 415; vi. 24, 129, 132, 134, 136, 193, 231-232, 243-245, 254-255 Louvel, Louis Pierre, ii. 54; iii. 89, 119; iv. 11, 21-23, 59; v. 303 Louverture (see Toussaint-Louverture) Louvois, François Michel Letellier, Marquis de, vi. 19 Louÿs, M. Pierre, i. xiii. Lovelace, Richard, v, 255 Lowe, Sir Hudson, ii. 286; iii. 88, 192, 210 Lowes, Mrs., ii. 97 Loyola (see Ignatius Loyola) Luc (see Vintimille du Luc) Lucan, Marcus Annæus Lucanus, known as, v. 29 Lucas (see Boisé-Lucas) Lucchesi-Palli di Campo Franco e Pignatelli, Duca Della Gracia, Ettore Conte di, iii. 156; v. 321-323, 366; vi. 94, 96, 98, 231-232, 234-235 Lucchesi-Palli Demoiselle de, iii. 156 Lucchesi-Palli (see also Campo-Franco) Lucian, v. 379; vi. 179 Lucretius, Titus Lucretius Carus, known as, 53, 83; v. 229 Lucrezia Borgia, Duchess of Ferrara, v. 13 Lucrezia de'Medici, Duchess of Ferrara, vi. 84 Lucrezia of Este, Princess, vi. 82 Luke, Saint, v. 300, 307; iv. 240; vi. 90, 220 Luna, Pedro de, v. 13 Lusignan, Hugh of, i. 9 Lussigny (see d'Ancre) Luther, Martin, iv. 32; v. 16, 273, 332, 388 Lützow, Count von, iv. 236; v. 7, 32, 38 Lützow, Countess von, iv. 236 Luxembourg, François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, Maréchal Duc de, iii. 162; vi. 19 Luynes, Charles d'Albert Connétable Duc de, ii. 172; vi. 28-29 Luynes, née de Montmorency-Laval, Duchesse de, ii. 192 Luynes, Duc de, iv. 178 Luynes, Duchesse de (see also Chevreuse) Luzerne (see La Luzerne) Lycurgus, iv. 31 Lydia, the courtezan, v. 285 M Macbeth King of Scotland, ii. 122 Mac Carthy, Abbé Nicolas de, v. 367 Mac Carthy, Mr., v. 367 Macchi, Archbishop of Nisibis, Vincento Cardinal, v. 18, 38-39 Macdonald (see Tarente) Maceroni, Colonel Francis, iv. 197 Machault d'Arnouville, Jean Baptiste, iii. 181; vi. 202 Machiavelli, Niccolo, vi. 78 M'Intyre (see Simms and M'Intyre) Macirone (see Maceroni) Mack von Leiberich, Karl Baron, ii. 40 Mackenzie, Sir Alexander, i. 136, 215 Mackintosh, Sir James, ii. 139 Macpherson, James, ii. 133 Macrobius, Ambrosius Theodosius, vi. 247 Madrid, Duque de (see Charles VII. and XI. King of Spain, France and Navarre) Madrid, Duquesa de (see Bertha Queen of Spain and France) Magnay, Christopher, iv. 71 Magon, Hervine, i. 34 Mahaffy, Dr. John Pentland, v. 56, 229 Mahé de La Bourdonnais (see La Bourdonnais) Mahis (see Des Mahis) Mahmud II. Sultan of Turkey, iv. 267-269, 272, 277-279, 283-284, 297, 303; v. 25-26, 51, 389 Mahomet, iv. 277 Mailhe, Jean Baptiste, iii. 75 Maillard de Lescourt, Major, iii, 62 Mailleville, M., v. 55 Mailly, Louis Marie Due de, ii. 297 Mailly, Louise Julie de Mailly-Nesle, Comtesse de, ii. 297-299 Mailly (see also Coislin and Nesle) Maintenon, later Queen of France, Françoise d'Aubigné, Dame Scarron, later Marquise de, i. 14; ii. 172, 192; iii. 27; iv. 79; vi. 238, 240-243, 246-247 Maison, Nicolas Joseph Maréchal Comte, later Marquis, iii. 89-90; iv. 267; v. 152-153; vi. 244 Maison-Blanche, Sieur, iv. 245-246 Maisonfort (see La Maisonfort) Maitland, Admiral Sir Frederick Lewis, iii. 189-190, 192 Majorian, the Emperor, ii. 45 Malatesta, Francesca da Rimini, Signora, iv. 229; vi. 57 Malcolm, Admiral Sir Pulteney, iii. 212 Malescot, i. 7 Malesherbes, Guillaume de Lamoignon, Seigneur de, i. 134 Malesherbes, Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de, i. xxi, 8, 50, 72, 83, 134-137, 161, 167, 180, 215-216, 227; ii. 22-23, 27, 32, 49, 60, 81-82, 84, 295; iii. 139; iv, 4; v. 64-65, 304; vi. 202 Malesherbes, Françoise Thérèse Grimod, Dame de, ii. 27 Malet, General Claude François de, ii. 262, 269 Malfilatre, Alexandre Henri de, i. 83 Malfilatre, Jacques Charles Louis de Clinchamp de, i. 83; ii. 176 Malherbe (see Bonnet de Malherbe) Malibran, Mr., vi. 175 Malibran, later Dame de Bériot, Maria Felicita Garcia, Dame, ii. 207; vi. 175 Malipieri, Podesta of Padua, Angelo, vi. 104 Malle (see Bureau de La Malic) Mallet-Dupan, Jacques, i. 175 Malo Bishop of Aleth, Saint, i. 25 Malouet, Pierre Victor Baron, ii. 100; iii. 99 Malte-Brun, Conrad, iii. 8 Mame, Auguste, iii. 53 Mandaroux-Vertamy, M., v. 304 Mandelot, François de, ii. 308 Mandini, Signor, i. 173 Mandini, Signora, i. 173 Mandricardo, Silvio Pellico's messenger, vi. 107, 109, 111 Mangin, Jean Henri Claude, v. 94, 96 Mansfield, David Murray, second Earl of, i. 188 Mansfield, Louisa Cathcart, Countess of, i. 188 Manso (see Della Villa) Manuel I. Emperor of the East, v. 400 Manuel, Jacques Antoine, iii. 166; iv. 128 Manutius, Aldus, vi. 67 Manutius the Younger, Aldus, vi. 67 Manutius, Paulus, vi. 67 Manzoni, Alessandro Conte, i. xxiii; iii. 214; v. 229-230; vi. 15, 65, 79 Marat, Jean Paul, i. 132, 161, 164; ii. 14, 16-19, 21, 159; iv. 189 Marbod (see Maroboduus) Marceau, General François Séverin Desgraviers, iii. 67 Marcellus, Marie Louis Jean André Charles Demartin du Tyrac, Comte de, i. 5, 185; iv. 139, 215-219; v. 21, 40-41, 153; vi. 14, 260 Marchais, André Louis Augustin, v. 105 Marchal, Pierre François, v. 96, 115 Marchand, Abbé, i. 63 Marchand, Napoleon's valet, iii. 211 Marck, Alexander Count von der, iv. 38 Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, the Emperor, v. 57-58; vi. 104 Maret (see Bassano) Mareuil (see Durand de Mareuil) Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England, ii. 200 Margaret of Lusignan, Queen (?) of England, i. 9 Margaret of Provence, Queen of France, ii. 192 Margaret of Scotland, Dauphiness of France, ii. 200 Margaret of Valois, Queen of France and Navarre, ii. 172-173, 206; vi. 173 Margaret of France, Queen of Navarre, vi. 173 Margaret of Valois, mother of Charles of Blois, i. 141 Margherita di Gonzaga, Duchess of Ferrara, vi. 84 Maria Christina of Austria, Duchess of Saxe-Teschen, vi. 58 Maria Christina of Naples, Queen of Spain, iii. 221; v. 74, 207 Maria Feodorowna (Maria Sophia) of Wurtemberg-Mümpelgard, Empress of Russia, iii. 49; iv. 281 Maria Isabella of Spain, Queen of the Two Sicilies, v. 74-75 Maria Louisa of Spain, Queen of Etruria, iv. 224 Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungry and Bohemia, the Empress, v. 410; vi. 78, 202 Maria Wilhelmina of Hesse-Darmstadt, Queen of Bavaria, v. 345 Marie Leczinska, Queen of France, ii. 299 Marie de Medici, Queen of France, i. 117; vi. 28 Marie de France, vi. 172 Marie, Sister, iv. 207 Marie-Amélie of Naples, Duchesse d'Orléans, later Queen of the French, v. 134, 156-161; vi. 37 Marie-Antoinette of Austria, Queen of France, i. 32, 100-101, 118-119, 156-157, 160-161, 163, 175, 187, 216-217; ii. 12; iii. 102-104; iv. 4; v. 144, 307, 309, 356, 407-408; vi. 7, 78, 202 Marie-Antoinette of Naples, Queen of Spain, iv. 178 Marie-Louise of Austria, Empress of the French, later Duchess of Parma, ii. 264; iii. 34, 54-56, 64, 73, 108-109, 144, 154, 156, 194, 217; iv. 187, 224; v. 322; vi. 46 Marie-Thérèse Duchesse d'Angoulême, later Queen of France, i. 102, 156-157 160; iii. 65, 73, 91, 103, 119-120 139, 176; iv. 91, 96-97, 111, 134; v. 111, 144, 147, 275, 297, 321, 325, 359, 361, 363, 365-366, 372, 374, 391, 405-410, 412-417; vi. 7, 29-36, 102, 129, 133-134, 140, 193, 243, 245, 253-254 Marie-Thérèse of Modena, Queen of France, v. 146; vi. 78 Marigny, Jean Joseph Geffelot, Comte de, i. 53 Marigny, Marie Anne Françoise de Chateaubriand, Comtesse de, i. 15, 40, 53, 66, 111-112, 150; ii. 175, 319; vi. 255-256 Marin, Chevalier, iv. 162 Marischal (see Keith) Marius, Caius, iii. 87; iv. 14; v. 40 Mark, Saint, iii. 123; v. 374; vi. 58 Marlborough, John Churchill, first Duke of, ii. 139; iii. 197; v. 333; vi. 20 Marlborough, Sarah Jennings, Duchess of, v. 333 Marmont (see Raguse) Marmontel, Jean François, i. 133 Marmora (see Della Marmora) Marnes, pseud., Comte and Comtesse de (see Louis XIX. King of France and Navarre and Marie-Thérèse Queen of France) Maroboduus King of the Marcomanni, vi. 127 Marolles, Abbé Michel de, i. 75 Maroncelli, Signor, vi. 56 Marot, Clement, vi. 75, 96, 238 Mars, Marguerite Salvetat, known as Madame, i. 128 Mars, Anne Françoise Hippolyte Boutet, known as Mademoiselle, i. 128 Martignac, Jean Baptiste Silvere Gaye, Vicomte de, iv. 13, 138, 221, 261; v. 67-69, 120 Martin Bishop of Tours, Saint, vi. 26 Martin, K.C.B., Sir Theodore, iv. 225 Martinez de La Rosa, Francisco, i. xxii Martinière (see La Martinière) Mary II. Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland (see Mary I. Queen of Scots) Mary III. Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland (see Mary Beatrice Duchess of Modena) Mary IV. Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland, H.M. (see Louis of Bavaria, H. R. H. Princess) Mary I. Queen of Scots, Queen of France, de jure Mary II. Queen of England and Ireland, i. 245; iv. 251; vi. 173 Mary of Saxe-Altenburg, Queen of Hanover, iv. 47 Mary I. Queen of Portugal, iv. 53 Mary II. Queen of Portugal and the Algarves, iv. 237 Mary, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's house-maid, i. 190 Mary Beatrice of Sardinia, Duchess of Modena, de jure Mary III. Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland, iv. 251; vi. 78 Masinissa King of Massylia and Numidia, ii. 331 Mason, William, ii. 129 Massa, Claude Ambroise Regnier, Duc de, ii. 273 Masséna (see Rivoli) Massias, Nicolas Baron, ii. 280 Massillon, Bishop of Clermont, Jean Baptiste, i. 54, 84 Massimo (see d'Arsoli) Masson, M. Frédéric, iv. 189 Matignan, Madame de, iii. 17 Matthew, Saint, iv. 291; v. 374 Mattos (see Teixeira de Mattos) Maubourg (see Latour-Maubourg) Maubreuil, Marie Armand, Comte de Guerri de Maubreuil, Marquis d'Orvault, known as Marquis de, iii. 86-87; vi. 181 Maud de jure Queen of England, the Empress, i. 8 Mauduit, Quarter-master, iii. 15 Mauduit de Larive (see Larive) Mauguin, François, v. 96, 113, 116 Mauléon (see Causans de Mauléon) Maulevrier, Comte de, i. 72 Maulevrier, Louis de Brézé, Comte de, ii. 294 Maulevrier (see also Colbert de Maulevrier and Valentinois) Maunoir, Père, i. 30 Mauny (see Noury de Mauny) Maupcou, René Nicolas, i. 138; vi. 202 Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de, i. 18-26 Maurel, the game-keeper, v. 244 Maurepas, Jean Frédéric Phelippeaux, Comte de, vi. 202 Maurice, Saint, vi. 190 Mauro, Fra, vi. 54 Maury, Bishop of Montefiascone, later Archbishop of Paris, Jean Siffrein Cardinal, iii. 30 Mauvissière (see Castelnau) Maximian, the Emperor, iii. 206 Maximilian I. Elector of Bavaria, ii. 51 Maximilian I. King of Bavaria, iv. 57, 164; v. 25, 345 Maximilian II. King of Bavaria, v. 25 Maximilian I., the Emperor, i. 141; iii. 176 Maximus, v. 60 Mayenne, Charles de Lorraine, Duc de, ii. 15, 21; iii. 74-75 Mazarin, Jules Cardinal, ii. 151, 153; iv. 9, 245; v. 50; vi. 125 Méchin, Alexandre Edme Baron, v. 138-139 Mecklenburg (see Wallenstein) Medici (see Sforza) Megret de Sérilly (see Sérilly) Mehemet Ali Viceroy of Egypt, i. xxi; iv. 264, 278 Melanchthon, Philipp, vi. 142 Melbourne, Peniston Lamb, first Viscount, iv. 160 Melbourne, Elizabeth Milbanke, Viscountess, iv. 160 Melchthal, Arnold von, v. 274, 277 Melmoth the Younger, William, v. 60 Melzi (see Lodi) Mennais (see Lamennais) Méot, the tavern-keeper, ii. 17 Mercier Dupaty (see Dupaty) Mercœur, Élisa, vi. 175 Mercy, Franz Field-Marshal Baron von, ii. 510 Méré (see Courier de Méré and Poltrot de Méré) Merfeld, General, v. 103 Méricourt (see Théroigne de Mencourt) Mérilhou, Joseph, v. 95, 115, 265 Méritens (see Allart de Méritens) Merlin, the auctioneer, iv. 11 Merlin de Douay, Philippe Antoine Comte, ii. 108; iii. 153 Merlin de Thionville, Antoine Christophe, ii. 108; iii. 153 Mérona, M. de, iv. 103 Merovius (see Merowig) Merowig King of the Franks, ii. 29 Mesmer, Friedrich Anton, i. 145 Mesnard, Paul, iv. 128 Mesnard, Louis Charles Bonaventure Pierre Comte de, v. 244; vi. 38 Mesnard, Vicomte de, v. 28 Mesnier, Louis Marthe, iv. 7 Metastasio, Pietro Bonaventura Trapassi, known as, ii. 78 Metel (see Boisrobert) Métel, Hugues, ii. 44 Metella, Cæcilia, ii. 244; iv. 236; v. 58, 61; vi. 2 Metternich-Winneburg, Clemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar Prince von, ii. 134, 143; iii. 154; iv. 73-74, 96, 102, 128, 266; v. 38, 91, 123, 181, 339, 341-342, 352-353, 369, 384, 408; vi. 16, 46, 114, 118, 187, 232 Mettrie (see La Mettrie) Meunier, Captain, v. 110 Mézeray, François Eudes de, i. 55 Mézy, Dame de, ii. 296 Micara, Luigi Cardinal, v. 8 Michael I. King of Portugal and the Algarves, iv. 237; v. 81 Michael II. King of Portugal and the Algarves, iv. 237 Michael Pavlowitch of Russia, Grand-duke, iv. 36 Michael Angelo, Michelagnolo Buonarotti, known as, i. 166; ii. 123, 219; iii. 225; iv. 181, 226, 236, 239, 241-243, 256, 286; v. 2, 29, 36, 59, 61, 316; vi. 17, 59, 103 Michaud, Joseph, ii. 233; iv. 131-132, 204 Migneret, the publisher, ii. 157, 181, 198, 209 Mignet, François Auguste Marie, v. 82-83, 95-96, 105, 127, 206; vi. 189-190 Mila, the Indian girl, i. 231, 236; vi. 66 Milbanke-Noel, Sir Ralph, ii. 136 Milton, John, i. 95, 166; ii. 17, 74, 94, 110, 121-122, 220, 292; iii. 22, 24, 27, 34; iv. 42-43, 93-94, 245, 257; v. 133; vi. 47, 91, 123, 179 Miniac (see Gouyon de Miniac) Mionnet, Theodore, v. 53-54 Mirabeau, Victor Riquetti, Marquis de, i. 167; vi. 42 Mirabeau, Gabriel Honoré Riquetti, Comte de, i. xxi, 83, 155, 166-171, 175-177, 179, 182; ii. 4, 12, 71, 77, 109; iii. 166; iv. 6, 39, 47, 55-56; vi. 42, 155 Mirabeau, André Boniface Louis Riquetti, Vicomte de, i. 170-171, 175-176; ii. 4, 80 Mirabeau, Jean Antoine Joseph Charles Elzéar de Riquetti, known as the Bailli de, i. 167 Misson, François Maximilien, iv. 246 Mithridales VI. Eupator King of Pontus, v. 335 Mnata, v. 386 Mocenigo, Doge of Venice, Giovanni, vi. 59 Mocenigo, Doge of Venice, Luigi, vi. 59 Mocenigo, Doge of Venice, Tommaso, vi. 59 Moëlien de Trojolif, Thérèse Josèphe de, i. 66, 92, 126 Mohl, Julius von, vi. 258 Mohl, Madame, vi. 258 Molé, Matthieu Louis Comte, i. 134; ii. 168, 192, 319; iv. 26, 118-119 Molé, Édouard, i. 134 Molé, Matthieu, i. 134; ii. 192 Molé, François René Molet, known as, i. 128, 173 Molé de Champlatreux, Édouard François Matthieu Président, i. 134; ii. 192 Molet (see Molé) Molière, Jean Baptiste Poquelin, known as, ii. 122, 124, 128, 170; iv. 2; v. 15, 19, 70, 345, 353; vi. 74 Moligny, Abbé de, v. 363, 372 Molin, Captain, ii. 262, 267 Monceau (see Duhamel de Monceau) Moncey (see Conegliano) Monet, M., i. 179 Monet, Demoiselle, i. 179 Monfeltrio delle Rovere (see Lante Monfeltrio delle Rovere) Monge (see Péluse) Monica, Saint, i. 31 Monmerqué, Louis Jacques Nicolas, iv. 44 Monnier, Marquis de, i. 168 Monnier, Sophie Ruffei, Marquise de, i. 167-168 Monroe, President of the United States of America, James, iv. 66, 127 Montaigne, Michel Eyquem, Seigneur de, i. 52, 71, 79, 231; ii. 22, 73, 124, 126-127, 206, 220; iii. 60, 177; iv. 149, 231, 243-244, 257; v. 72, 333; vi. 47, 122 Montaigne (see also Gamaches) Montaigu, M. de, vi. 70 Montalivet, Marthe Camille Bachasson, Comte de, iv. 114-115, 247-248, 259, 266 Montauban, Arthur de, i. 25 Montbel, Guillaume Isidore Baron, Comte de, v. 72, 81-82, 379, 422; vi. 100, 116-118, 229-230, 234-235 Montboissier, Baron de, ii. 32, 49, 60 Montboissier, née de Malesherbes, Baronne de, ii. 49 Montboissier (see also Colbert de Montboissier) Montboissier-Beaufort-Canillac, Charles Philippe Simon Marquis de, i. 72, 135 Montboissier-Beaufort-Canillac, Françoise Pauline de Malesherbes, Marquise de, i. 135 Montbourcher, René François Joseph Comte de, i. 153 Montcalm, Armande du Plessis de Vignerot, Marquise de, iii. 51, 97; iv. 26-27; v. 398 Montcalm de Saint-Véran, Louis Joseph Marquis de, i. 224; vi. 202 Montchenu, Marquis de, iii. 210-211 Montebello, Jean Lannes, Maréchal Duc de, iv. 300; v. 28 Montebello, Napoléon Auguste Lannes, Comte, later Duc de, iv. 300-302; v. 18, 28-29 Montenoy (see Palissot de Montenoy) Montenuovo, Wilhelm Albert Prince von, iv. 187, 224; v. 322 Montes, Lola (see Lansfeld) Montespan, Françoise Athénais de Rochechouart de Mortemart, Marquise de, i. 103, 120; v. 215; vi. 246-247 Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, Baron de La Brède and de, ii. 220; iii. 10, 22, 33, 129; iv. 122, 127, 253; vi. 75 Montesquiou-Fézensac, François Xavier Marc Antoine Abbé Duc de, iii. 73-74, 99-100, 127, 131; iv. 59 Montesquiou-Fézensac, Ambroise Anatole Augustin Comte, later Marquis de, v. 134, 156-157 Montesquiou-Fézensac, Élisabeth Pierre Comte de, vi. 183-184 Montesquiou-Fézensac, Louise Joséphine de La Live de Briche, Comtesse de, ii. 191 Montesson (see d'Orléans) Montfort, Simon Comte de, ii. 206 Montfort, pseud., Comte de (see Jerome King of Westphalia) Montgascon, M. de, v. 131 Montgelas, Max Jose Garnerin, Count von, iv. 57 Montgomery, Comte de, ii. 192 Montholon-Sémonville, Charles Jean François Tristan Comte, later Marquis de, ii. 280; iii. 192, 209, 211, 222-223 Montholon-Sémonville, Albinie Hélène de Vassal, Comtesse de, iii. 209 Monti, Vincenzo, i. xxiii; vi. 79 Montléart, Prince de, v. 322 Montlosier, François Dominique Reynaud Comte de, i. 175; ii. 71, 100-102; iv. 123-125 Montlouët, François Jean Raphaël de Brunes, Comte, later Marquis de, i. 75, 108-109 Montluc, Blaise de Lasseran-Massencome, Maréchal Seigneur de, i. 109; v. 380 Montluc (see also La Bourdonnaye-Montluc and La Bourdonnaye de Montluc) Montmirel, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's cook, iv. 98; v. 326; vi. 14 Montmorency, Anne Maréchal Connétable de, iii. 182 Montmorency, Mathieu I. Connétable Seigneur de, iv. 209 Montmorency, Aline Dame de, iv. 209 Montmorency, Henry II. Maréchal Duc de, ii. 105 Montmorency, François Duc de, ii. 121 Montmorency, née de Matignon, Baronne-Duchesse de, iii. 17 Montmorency, Baronne de, ii. 31 Montmorency, Demoiselle de, i. 117 Montmorency (see also Adelaide, Laval-Montmorency and Luxembourg) Montmorency-Laval, Mathieu Jean Félicité Vicomte, later Duc de, i. 163; ii. 192; iv. 12, 29-30, 62, 65-69 76-77, 83-91, 95, 122, 133, 160, 164-166, 169, 171, 176-177, 180, 207-209, 213, 216-217, 286; vi. 45, 161 Montmorin the Elder, Comte de, ii. 35 Montmorin, Antoine Hugues Calixte de, ii. 172 Montmorin, Auguste de, ii. 237 Montmorin, Louis Victor Hippolyte Luce de, ii. 167 Montmorin-Saint-Hérem, Armand Marc Comte de, i. 140, 145, 156; ii. 167, 213, 230, 237, 241, 251; iv. 183; v. 319 Montmorin-Saint-Hérem, Comtesse de, ii. 167 Montolieu, Baron de, iv. 120 Montolieu, Jeanne Isabelle Pauline Polier de Bottens, Dame de Crouzas, later Baronne de, iv. 120 Montor (see Arnaud de Montor) Montpensier, Antoine Philippe d'Orléans, Duc de, iv. 161 Montrond, M. de, iii. 143 Monvel, Jacques Marie Boutet, known as, i. 128; vi. 162 Moore, Thomas, ii. 128 Morandais (see La Morandais) More, Blessed Sir Thomas, v. 57 Moreau, Marshal Jean Victor, i. xxi, 65, 153; ii. 249, 252; iii. 67, 68, 203; iv. 164-170, 220, 299; v. 246, 330, 332, 387 Moreau, née Hulot, Maréchale, ii. 64; iv. 166-167, 169 Moreau, Demoiselle, iv. 169 Moreau, Annibal, i. 101, 104-105, 112; ii. 44; iii. 8 Moreau, Julie Angélique Hyacinthe de Bedée, Dame, i. 101 Moreau de Saint-Méry, Méderic Louis Élie, i. 161 Morellet, Abbé André, ii. 51, 163; iii. 21-22, 28; iv. 6 Moréti, Louis, i. 5 Morey, the assassin, v. 101 Morice, Dom, i. 5 Mornay, Demoiselle de, v. 115 Morny, Charles Auguste Louis Joseph Duc de, iii. 169 Morosini, Doge of Venice, Michele, vi. 59 Mortemart, Casimir Louis Victurnien de Rochechouart, Prince de Tonnay-Charente, Duc de, v. 111, 113-114, 116-118, 122-123, 128 Mortemart, Gabriel de Rochechouart, Marquis de, i. 103, 178 Mortemart, Victurnien Bonaventure Victor de Rochechouart, Marquis de, i. 106; ii. 35; vi. 246 Mortemart (see also Fontevrault, Montespan and Thianges) Mosbourg, Jean Michel Laurent Agar Comte de, iv. 190 Mosbourg, née Marat, Comtesse de, iv. 190 Moses, ii. 218; iv. 226, 285; v. 392 Moskowa (see d'Elchingen) Mosselmann, M., iv. 170 Motha (see Le Motha) Motier de La Fayette (see La Fayette) Motteux, Peter Anthony, i. 133; iv. 243 Motteville, Nicolas Langlois, Sieur de, iv. 245 Motteville, Françoise Bertaud, Dame de, iv. 245; v. 71 Mouchy, Philippe de Noailles, Maréchal Duc de, i. 163 Mouchy, Antoine Juste Léon Marie de Noailles, Prince de Poix, Duc de, vi. 239 Mouchy, Philippe Louis Marie Antoine de Noailles, Prince de Poix, Duc de, iii. 95 Mouchy, Arthur Jean Tristan Charles Languedoc Comte de Noailles, later Duc de, ii. 296 Mouchy, Nathalie Luce Léontine Joséphine de La Borde de Méréville, Comtesse de Noailles, later Duchesse de, ii. 296 Mounier, Claude Philibert Édouard Baron, iii. 131, 171 Mounier, Jean Joseph, iii. 131 Mousette, M., v. 95 "Mousset," M. de, ii. 84 Muiron, Colonel, iii. 210 Müller, Johann von, v. 274 Munich, Christoph Burchard, Fieldmarshal Count von, i. 13 Muraire, Honoré Comte, iv. 10 Murat, Napoléon Achille Prince, iv. 198 Murat, Napoléon Lucien Charles Prince, ii. 219; iv. 198 Murat, the inn-keeper, ii. 25; iv. 184 Murat (see also Caroline Queen of Naples, Joachim King of Naples, Pepoli and Rasponi) Murillo, Bartolomé Estéban, iv. 239; v. 381 Musset, Louis Charles Alfred de, v. 203 Mussy (see Gueneau de Mussy) Mustapha II. Sultan of Turkey, vi. 101 Mustapha IV. Sultan of Turkey, iv. 267-268 Muther, Dr. Richard, iv. 240 N Nacquart, Colonel de, v. 245 Nagault (see Nagot) Nagot, Abbé François Charles, i. 181, 195, 200 Nangis, Guillaume de, ii. 30 Napoleon, Saint, iii. 209 Napoleon I. Emperor of the French, i. 15, 21-22, 13, 16, 71, 99, 102, 104, 128, 132, 134, 170, 176, 179, 211-214, 217, 235; ii. 17, 25-26, 40, 52, 54, 100, 108, 110, 118, 139, 147, 154, 159, 161, 175, 180-181, 187-188 190, 195, 200, 210-214, 219-220 222-224, 232, 246-247, 249-255, 257-265, 269-275, 278, 280-292, 294, 301, 303, 309; iii. 4-5, 7-9, 12, 15-18, 21-24, 29-30, 34-36, 46-52, 54-91, 93-99, 102-103, 106-124, 127, 129-131, 133-134, 136-137, 139-141, 143, 145-146, 148-171, 179-180, 182-206 208-228; iv. 1-3, 6-7, 10, 19, 21, 32, 40, 49, 53, 56, 58, 75-76, 107, 109-111, 143, 145, 158, 163-169, 174-180, 183-184, 187-203, 205, 208, 220, 223-224, 231, 237-238, 242, 254-255, 264, 274, 295; v. 4-5, 40, 43-44, 46, 48, 58-59, 68, 80-82, 90, 92, 100, 103, 108, 113, 116, 121, 134, 150, 160, 162, 164, 166, 174, 176, 180, 202, 211, 227, 232, 235, 245, 249, 263, 272, 280, 291-296, 330-331, 332-333, 337, 379, 390, 393-394, 397-401, 403; vi. 7, 10-12, 19-21, 25, 30, 33, 42-43, 46, 51, 61, 79, 91, 95, 97, 120, 148, 151, 155, 162, 182-185, 195, 197, 200, 203-204, 221, 253 Napoleon II. Emperor of the French, ii. 264; iii. 34, 54, 64, 109, 143, 154, 166-167, 170, 217; iv. 59, 224, 44; v. 92, 280; vi. 117 Napoleon III. Emperor of the French, Prince Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, President of the French Republic, later, i. 185; ii. 219, 280, 295; iii. 64, 109, 143, 169, 192, 227; iv. 33, 114; v. 58, 83, 94, 103, 108, 292-298, 301-302: vi. 99 Narbonne, Duc de, vi. 138 Narbonne, Duchesse de, vi. 138 Narbonne, Jean de Foix, Vicomte de, i. 120 Narischkine, Alexander, iv. 236 Narischkine, Maria Antonovna, iv. 236 Navarre, Dame de, ii. 311, 316 Nay, M., v. 256, 263 Neale, Mary, ii. 99 Necker, Jacques, i. 130, 141, 155-157, 160, 162-163, 165, 177; ii. 240-241; iv. 120, 158-160, 170, 183; v. 300; vi. 203 Necker, Suzanne Curchod, Dame, iv. 120, 300 Necker de Saussure, Albertine Adrienne de Saussure, Dame, v. 200 Nefftzer, A., v. 96 Neipperg, Adam Adalbert Count von, ii. 264; iv. 187, 224; v. 322; vi. 46 Nelson, Duke of Bronte, Horatio first Viscount, i. 21; ii. 139-140; iv. Nemours, Gaston de Foix, Maréchal Duc de, i. 120; iv. 228 Nemours (see also Dupont de Nemours and Longueville-Nemours) Nero, the Emperor, ii. 258, 291; iv. 233, 299; v. 196, 215 Nerva, the Emperor, iv. 229 Nesle, Regent of France, Jean II. de, ii. 297 Nesle, Raoul Connétable de, ii. 297 Nesle, Louis de Mailly, Marquis de, ii. 297 Nesle the Younger, Marquis de, ii. 299 Nesle, Drogon de, ii. 297 Nesselrode, Karl Robert Count, v. 384 Nettement, Alfred François, v. 99, 101; vi. 131, 193 Nétumières (see Hay des Nétumières) Neuchâtel (see Wagram) Neufchâteau (see François de Neufchâteau) Neuhof (see Theodore King of Corsica) Neuville (see Hyde de Neuville) Neveu, the painter, ii. 194, 196 Neville, Archbishop of York, George, v. 336 Newton, Sir Isaac, i. 151; ii. 74, 86, 187; v. 387 Ney (see d'Elchingen) Nicholas Bishop of Myra, Saint, i. 174; v. 289 Nicholas II., Pope, v. 11 Nicholas III. Marquis of Este, vi. 92 Nicholas I. Tsar of All the Russias, i. 99; iv. 33, 36, 118, 266-270, 274-279, 281-283; v. 322 Nicholas of Russia, Grand-duke (see Nicholas I. Tsar of All the Russias) Nicholas of Russia, Grand-duchess (see Alexandra Feodorowna Empress of Russia) Nicholas of Pisa (see Pisano) Nicolaï, Monsignore Nicola Maria, iv. 259 Nicolas (see Chamfort) Niebuhr, Barthold Georg, iv. 236 Nivelon, M., i. 173 Nivelon (see also Carline) Nivernais, Louis Jules Mancini-Mazarini, Duc de, i. 156 Noah (see Noe) Noailles, Adrien Maurice Maréchal Duc de Noailles, vi. 238-240 Noailles, nie d'Aubigné, Duchesse de, vi. 238, 240 Noailles, Adrien Maurice Victurnien Mathieu Duc de, ii. 191; vi. 239 Noailles, Clotilde de la Ferté-Méung-Molé de Champlatreux, Duchesse Douairière de, ii. 191 Noailles, Paul Duc de, vi. 236, 242-244, 246, 249, 259 Noailles, Alice de Rochechouart-Mortemart, Duchesse de, vi. 243-244, 246 Noailles, Alexis Louis Joseph Comte de, iii. 97; iv. 199 Noailles, Louis Marie Vicomte de, i. 163, 176 Noailles, Alfred Louis Dominique Vincent de Paule Vicomte de, iv. 78 Noailles, Charlotte Marie Antoinette Léontine de Noailles-Mouchy, Vicomtesse de, iv. 78 Noailles (see also Mouchy) Noe, v. 182 Noel (see Milbanke-Noel) Nogart, Guillaume de, v. 48 Nogarola, Isotta, vi. 110-111 Noirot, Lieutenant, ii. 262-263; v. 103 Normandie, Duc de (see Louis XVII. King of France and Navarre) Normant (see Le Normant) North (see Guilford) Norvins, Jacques Marquet de Montbreton, Baron de, iv. 180, 182 Nôtre (see Le Nôtre) Nouail, Pierre Henri, i. 15-16 Noue (see La Noue) Noury de Mauny, i. 108 Nova, João de, iii. 206-207 Nugent, Charles Vicomte de, vi. 133 O Obizzo I. Marquis of Este, vi. 92 Obizzo I. Marquis of Este and Lord of Ferrara, vi. 92 O'Connell, Daniel, iv. 92, 293 Odescalchi, Carlo Cardinal, iv. 235; v. 5, 8 Odo King of France, iii. 58 Odo of Orleans, ii. 30 Odoacer King of the Heruli, iv. 227; vi. 195 Oger or Ogier, v. 378 O'Heguerty the Elder, Comte, v. 371, 374-375, 378; vi. 138 O'Heguerty the Younger, M., v. 408, 410 O'Larry, Mrs., ii. 99 O'Larry, Miss. ii. 99 Olewieff, Major, iii. 83-84 Olga Nicolaiëvna of Russia, Queen of Wurtemberg, v. 322 Olimpia (see Pamfili) Olivarez, Gasparo de Guzman, Conde de, v. 51 Olive, Demoiselle, iv. 148 Olivet, Captain, vi. 70 d'Olivet, Pierre Joseph Thoulier, Abbé, vi. 41 Olivier, François Chancelier, v. 49-50 Olivier, Jeanne Adélaïde Gérardine, i. 128, 173 Oliviers (see Flins des Oliviers) O'Meara, Dr. Barry Edward, iii. 216 Oppian, ii. 27, 306-307 Oppizzoni, Carlo Cardinal, iv. 235; v. 18, 21, 23 d'Ops, M., iii. 134 d'Ops, Dame, iii. 134 d'Orbesan, Sieur, vi. 103 Orford, Horace Walpole, third Earl of, ii. 172 d'Orglandes (see Chateaubriand) O'Riordan (see Connell) d'Orléans, Philippe I. first Duc, iv. 251; v. 137 d'Orléans, Henrietta Anna of England, Duchesse, iii. 128; iv. 251; v. 137 d'Orléans, Charlotte Elizabeth of Bavaria, Duchesse, v. 137 d'Orléans, Philippe II. second Duc, v. 137, 230; vi. 199-200 d'Orléans, Françoise Mademoiselle de Blois, Duchesse, v. 137 d'Orléans, Louis third Duc, v. 137 d'Orléans, Augusta of Baden, Duchesse, v. 137 d'Orléans, Louis Philippe fourth Duc, v. 137 d'Orléans, Louise de Bourbon-Conti, Duchesse, v. 137 d'Orléans, Jeanne Béraud de La Haye de Riou, Marquise de Montesson, later Duchesse, v. 137 d'Orléans, Louis Philippe Joseph fifth Duc, i. 51, 145, 157, 174, 176; ii. 71, 294; iii. 111, 143; iv. 12; v. 137, 141, 151 d'Orléans, Louis Philippe sixth Duc (see Louis-Philippe King of the French) d'Orléans, Ferdinand Philippe Louis Charles Henri seventh Duc, vi. 150 d'Orléans, Louise Marie Adélaïde de Penthièvre, Duchesse, iv. 12 d'Orléans, Helen of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Duchesse, vi. 150 Orléans (see Dorléans and Odo of Orléans) d'Ornano, Philippe Antoine Comte, iii. 109 d'Ornano (see also Walewska) d'Orsay, Gillion Gaspard Alfred de Grimaud, Comte, iv. 73 d'Orsay, Lady Harriet Gardiner, Comtesse, iv. 73 Orsini, Duca di Bracciano, iv. 80 Osman Seid, ii. 333 d'Osmond, René Eustache Marquis, ii. 103; iv. 74 d'Osmond, Éléonore Dillon, Marquise, iv. 74 d'Ossat, Bishop of Rennes, later of Bayeux, Arnaud Cardinal, iv. 280; v. 50, 55, 70 Ossian, ii. 133; iii. 214; vi. 79 Osten-Sacken, Fabian Wilhelm Prince von der, iii. 63 Otho, the Emperor, i. 158 d'Otrante, Joseph Fouché Duc, ii. 17, 118, 259, 261; iii. 16-17, 111, 141-144 144, 151, 154-155, 165, 167-168, 175-176, 178-180, 182-184; iv. 3, 11, 180, 194, 196 Otto III., the Emperor, v. 376 Otto IV., the Emperor, ii. 43 Otto King of the Hellenes, iv. 118 Ottoboni, Pietro Cardinal, v. 15 Otway, Thomas, vi. 74-75 Oudart, M., v. 135 Oudinot (see Reggio) Outcaire (see Oger) Ouvrard, the printer, v. 132 Ouvrier, the Polytechnic scholar, v. 110 Overbeck, Friedrich Johann, iv. 240 Ovid, Publius Ovidius Naso, known as, ii. 9, 186; v. 63, 69, 229 Oxenstiern, Axel Count, v. 51 Oxenstiern, Benedikt, v. 51 P Pacca, Bishop of Velletri, Bartolommeo Cardinal, v. 4-5, 23 Paganini, Nicola, iv. 237 Paisiello, Giovanni, i. 225 Pajol, Pierre Claude Comte, v. 108, 138, 152-153 Pajol, Élise Oudinot de Reggio, Comtesse, v. 108 Palestrina, Principessa Barberini-Colonna di, iv. 256 Palissot de Montenoy, Charles, i. 132 Palladio, Andrea, vi. 17, 46 Palli (see Lucchesi-Palli) Pallucci, Field-Marshal, vi. 62 Palm, Johann Philipp, iii. 78-79 Palma the Elder, Jacopo, vi. 49 Palma the Younger, Jacopo, vi. 49, 103 Palma-Cayet (see Cayet) Pamfili, Olimpia Maldachini, Donna, v. 14 Pan (see Mallet-Dupan) Panat, Chevalier de, ii. 100, 117-118 Panckoucke, Charles Joseph, ii. 300 Pange, François de, i. 174 Pange (see also Silléry) Panormita, Antonio Beccadelli, vi. 105 Paolo, Pietro Paolo Sarpi, known as Fra, vi. 65 Paolo, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's Italian servant, vi. 47 Parc (see Chateaubriand du Parc) Pardessus, Jean Marie, v. 304 Paris, Louis Philippe Albert d'Orléans, Comte de, v. 22 Paris (see also Robert Count of Paris) Pâris, Body-guard, ii. 296; vi. 162 Parma (see Cambacérès) Parmentier, M. de, ii. 84 Parny, Évariste Désiré Desforges, Chevalier de, i. 64, 129, 178; iii. 30 Parny, M. de, i. 128 Parny, Dame de (see Contat) Parquin, Charles, v. 296 Parquin, née Cochelet, Dame, v. 296 Parry, Sir William Edward, i. 136; vi. 62, 122, 222 Pascal, Blaise, ii. 152, 216; v. 406 Paskevitch (see Warsaw) Pasquier, Étienne Denis Baron, later Chancelier Duc, i. 37; ii. 168, 253; iii. 87; iv. 26, 30, 45, 51-55, 59; v. 89, 172-173, 256 Pasquin, the lampooner, v. 273 Pasta, Giuditta Negri, Dame, ii. 86; v. 67; vi. 175 Pastoret, Claude Emmanuel Joseph Pierre Chancelier Marquis de, v. 303-304; vi. 26, 136, 138 Patin, Charles Gui, vi. 103-104 Patin, Gui, vi. 103-104 Patrick Bishop of Armagh, Saint, vi. 172 Paul the Apostle, Saint, v. 241 Paul the Hermit or the Simple, Saint, ii. 43; v. 54 Paul IV., Pope, ii. 45 Paul V., Pope, vi. 65 Paul I. Tsar of all the Russias, ii. 289; iii. 49; iv. 33, 281 Paul (see also Vincent of Paul) Paul Charles Frederic Augustus of Wurtemberg, Prince, iv. 36; v. 41 Paule, Fair (see Fontenille) Paulin, the bookseller, v. 127 Paulus (see Æmilius Paulus) Paz (see Du Paz) Pecquet, Jean, i. 125 Pedicini, Carlo Maria Cardinal, v. 8, 21, 23 Peel, Sir Robert, iv. 80, 219 Peggy, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's house-maid, i. 190 Pellico, Silvio, i. xxiii; v. 348; vi. 55-57, 65, 79, 105-112 Pellisson, Paul, iv. 292 Peltier, Jean Gabriel, i. 175; ii. 71-72, 76, 80-81, 99-100, 139-141; v. 205, 333 Péluse, Gaspard Monge, Comte de, ii. 187-188 Penhoën, Auguste Théodore Hilaire Baron Barchon de, v. 86 Penhouet (see Becdelièvre-Penhouët) Penn, William, i. 207 Penthièvre, Louis Joseph Marie de Bourbon, Duc de, iv. 12 Penthièvre, Eudon Count of, i. 9 Penthièvre, Guy of, i. 141 Pepe, General Florestano, iv. 52 Pepin King of the Franks, iv. 109-110, 228 Pepin, the assassin, v. 101 Pepoli, Contessa di Castiglione, Letizia Josefina Murat, Marchesa, iv. 198 Peretti, Signorina, v. 13 Pericles, i. 252; iii. 45, 96; v. 56, 272 Périer, Augustin Charles, v. 116, 123 Périer, Casimir, iv. 115, 137, 142; v. 88, 95-96, 98, 106-107, 113, 116-117, 128, 154, 229 Périer, ex-President of the French Republic, M. Jean Paul Pierre Casimir, iv. 137 Périgord (see Chalais-Périgord and Talleyrand-Périgord) Pérouse (see La Pérouse) Perray, M. de, iii. 175 Perrin, Ennemond, ii. 308 Perrin (see also Bellune and Labé) Perlet, Adrien, v. 120 Perrers, Alice, ii. 138 Perron (see Duperron) Perseus King of Macedon, iii. 34 Persil, Jean Charles, v. 96, 310 Perugino, Pietro Vannucci, known as, iv. 240 Pesaro (see Sforza) Peter, Pope Saint, ii. 219; v. 9-10, 78, 316; vi. 216, 221 Peter I. Tsar of All the Russias, iv. 271; vi. 101, 203 Peter III. Tsar of All the Russias, i. 13; ii. 289 Peter I. King of Portugal, vi. 24-25 Peter IV. King of Portugal and I. Emperor of Brazil, iv. 53 Peter, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's footman, i. 190 Petermann, Lieutenant, ii. 261 Pétion de Villeneuve, Jérôme, ii. 13-14, 27 Petit, Jean Martin Baron, iii. 78 Petit, Louis Sébastien Olympe, ii. 193 Petit, René, i. 48, 108 Petit-Bois, Roger Vicomte du, i. 48 Petit-Bois (see also Pinot du Petit-Bois) Petrarch, Francesco Petrarca, known as, ii. 33, 124, 200-201, 220; iv. 181; vi. 49-50, 78 Peyra, Adolphe, vi. 170 Peyronnet, Charles Ignace Comte de, iv. 62, 117, 135-136; v. 87-88, 189, 422; vi. 229 Peysse, M., v. 95 Pezay, Alexandre Frédéric Jacques Masson, Marquis de, i. 162 Pharamond King of the Franks, iv. 109 Phidias, v. 26; vi. 59 Phila, the courtezan, vi. 179 Philip III. Duke of Burgundy, iii. 135 Philip II. Augustus King of France, i. 199; ii. 43, 173; iii. 177; vi. 27, 196 Philip III. King of France, i. 9; vi. 140, 196 Philip IV. King of France, v. 48 Philip VI. King of France, i. 141; ii. 73; v. 355, 411 Philip II. King of Macedon, iv. 192 Philip Duke of Parma, vi. 202 Philip II. King of Spain, Naples, Sicily and England, i. 212; ii. 50; iii. 176; iv. 58, 239; v. 13 Philip III. King of Spain, ii. 151 Philip V. King of Spain, iv. 80; v. 15; vi. 200, 238, 246 Philip of Austria, Archduke, iii. 127 Philip, Pompey's freedman, ii. 337 Philipon, Charles, v. 261-263 Philipon, Emma, v. 261-263 Philippa of Hainault, Queen of England, iii. 138 Phocion, i. 223; iii. 96 Phryne, the courtezan, vi. 180 Piacenza (see Lebrun) Piat, Demoiselles, ii. 310 Pibrac, Gui du Faur, Seigneur de, ii. 206 Picard, Louis Benoit, ii. 170 Piccini, Nicola, i. 179 Piccolomini, Octavio Trince, vi. 4 Piccolomini, Max, vi. 4 Pichegni, General Charles, i. 65; ii. 249, 252, 263; iii. 67, 203; iv. 167-168, 299 Piconnerie (see d'Isly) Piégard Sainte-Croix (see Sainte-Croix) Pierre, Madame de Bedée's man-servant, i. 22 Pierres de Bernis (see Bernis) Piet-Tardiveau, Jean Pierre, iv. 14 Pietro di Filippo de' Giunazzi (see Romano) Piffre, M., iv. 67 Pilate, Pontius Pilatus, known as Pontius, vi. 220 Pillet, Léon, v. 96 Pilorge, Hyacinthe, iv. 45, 90, 97, 298; v. 28, 89, 121, 197-198, 218, 236, 325, 330-331, 338, 340-341, 348, 351; vi. 102, 105, 121, 129, 139, 168 Pindar, i. 131; ii. 254; vi. 172 Pindemonte, Giovanni, vi. 79 Pindemonte, Ippolyto, i. xxiii; vi. 79 Pinelli, Bartolomeo, iv. 241 Pinot du Petit-Bois, Jean Anne Comte de, i. 48, 108 Pinsonnière, the Polytechnic scholar, v. 107 Pinte-de-Vin (see Dujardin Pinte-de-Vin) Pioche de La Vergne, Aymar, iii. 128 Piron, Alexis, v. 55 Pisan, Thomas de, vi. 140 Pisan, Christine de, vi. 140 Pisano, Nicholas of Pisa, known as Niccola, vi. 46, 59 Pitt, William, i. xxi, 186; ii. 69, 142-143, 145-146; iv. 82, 93, 120 Pitton de Tournefort (see Tournefort) Pius II., Pope, ii. 53 Pius VI., Pope, iii. 30; v. 373 Pius VII., Pope, i. xxi, 181; ii. 180, 213, 219-220, 230, 238, 248; iii. 9, 51,63, 194, 209; v. 29, 110, 180, 182, 198-199, 220, 225, 229, 231, 255, 262, 297, 302; v. 1-2, 4-6, 23-24, 48, 59; vi. 45 Pius VIII., Pope, v. 4-5, 23, 27, 29-31, 35-40, 46, 49, 53, 61, 78, 384 Pius IX., Pope, iv. 33 Placence (see Lebrun) Placidia Queen of the Visigoths, later the Empress Galla, iv. 227 Plagnol, M., v. 96 Planta, Joseph, iv. 65 Plato, ii. 169; iv. 93; v. 53; vi. 194 Plautus, Titus Maccius, ii. 204 Pleineselve, Colonel de, v. 103 Plélo, Louis Robert Hippolyte de Bréhan, Comte de, i. 13 Plessix, M. du, v. 85 Plessix de Parscau, Hervé Louis Joseph Marie Comte du, ii. 5; v. 85 Plessix de Parscau, Anne Buisson de La Vigne, Comtesse du, ii. 5, 24 Plessix de Parscau née de Kermalun, Comtesse du, ii. 5 Pletho, Georgius Gemistus, vi. 49 Pliny the Elder, Caius Plinius Secundus, known as, i. 39; iv. 140; v. 60, 334; vi. 237 Pliny the Younger, Caius Plinius Cæcilius Secundus, known as, v. 60 Ploërmel, Bemborough, Lord of, i. 9 Plotinus, ii. 184 Plouer, Françoise Gertrude de Contades, Comtesse de, i. 15-16, 18 Plutarch, i. 23; ii. 337; iii. 220; vi. 157, 236 Podenas, née de Nadaillac, Marquise de, vi. 94, 98, 100 Podiebrad (see George Podiebrad, King of Bohemia) Poe, Edgar Allen, i. 254 Poitiers (see Saint-Vallier and Valentinois) Poix, Dame de, i. 174 Poix (see also Mouchy) Polastron, Vicomte de, v. 373 Polastron, Marie Louise Françoise de Lussan d'Esparbès, Vicomtesse de, v. 373-374 Polignac, Jules François Armand Vicomte, later Duc de, i. 160 Polignac, Yolande Martine Gabrielle de Polastron, Vicomtesse, later Duchesse de, i. 160; v. 373 Polignac, Armand Prince de, iii. 97 Polignac, Jules Auguste Armand Marie Prince de, i. 160; iii. 97, 129; iv. 29, 33, 136, 138, 167; v. 69, 72, 74-78, 81-82, 84, 87, 92-93, 95-96, 99-100, 106, 108, 144, 189, 320, 375, 380, 422; vi. 117 Pollio, Caius Asinius, iii. 197 Polo, Maffeo, vi. 77 Polo, Marco, vi. 77-78 Polo, Nicolo, vi. 77 Poltrot de Méré, Sieur, ii. 45 Pombal, Sebastiio Jose de Carvalho e Mello, Marques de, v. 51 Pommereul, François René Jean Baron de, i. 104-105; iii. 36 Pommereul, Messieurs de, i. 111, 125 Pompadour, Jeanne Antoinette Poisson Le Normant d'Étioles, Marquise de, ii. 166, 298: iii. 181; iv. 38, 79; v. 51; vi. 242 Pompey, Sextus Pompeius Magnus, known as Sextus, i. 68; ii. 331, 337; iv. 14, 180; v. 85, 204 Pomponne, Simon Arnauld, Marquis de, v. 54 Poncelet, alias Chevalier, Louis, v. 220 Pons de L'Hérault (see Rio) Pons de Verdun, Philippe Laurent, ii. 52 Ponsonby, Hon. Sir Frederick Cavendish, iv. 81 Ponsonby, née Bathurst, Lady Emily Charlotte, iv. 81 Pontbriand (see Breil de Pontbriand) Pontcarré, Vicomte de, iv. 106 Pontecoulant, Louis Gustave Le Doulcet, Comte de, iii. 168, 170 Pontmartin, Armand Augustin Joseph Marie Ferrand, Comte de, v. 101 Pope, Alexander, ii. 121; iv. 80 Poppœa Sabina, the Empress, v. 215 Poquelin (see Molière) Porcher, Abbé, i. 43, 45, 56-57, 63 Porta (see Sébastiani de La Porta) Portal, M., i. 108 Portalis, Joseph Marie Comte, iv. 138, 296, 299-303; v. 2-8, 17-18, 20-24, 27, 30-34, 37-42, 46-49, 52, 68, 77 Porte (see La Porte) Portland, Henrietta Scott, Duchess of, ii. 79 Portsmouth, Duchesse d'Aubigny, Louise Renée de Kerouaille, Duchess of, ii. 137 Potelet, Seigneur de Saint-Mahé and de La Durantais, François Jean Baptiste, i. 47 Pothin Bishop of Lyons, Saint, ii. 308 Potier, Charles, v. 21 Potocki, Jan Count, iv. 232 Poubelle, M., v. 137 Poullain, known as Saint-Louis, Louis, ii. 27-29 Poultier, M., v. 258 Pouqueville, François Charles Hugues Laurent, v. 206, 234 Pourrat, ii. 172 Pourtales, Louis Comte de, iv. 107 Poussin, Nicolas, iv. 232, 242, 258-259, 285-286, 298, 304 Poussin, Anne Marie Dughet, Dame, iv. 242 Pozzo di Borgo, Carlo Andrea Count, iii. 50, 111, 158, 162, 171-172; iv. 76; v. 145-147 Pradon, Nicolas, vi. 240 Pradt, Bishop of Poitiers, later Archbishop of Mechlin, Dominique Baron Dufour de, iii. 72, 78, 98 Prague (see Jerome of Prague) Praslin, Charles Laure Hugues Théobald Duc de Choiseul, iii. 168 Praslin, Altarice Rosalba Sébastiani, Duchesse de Choiseul, iii. 168 Praxiteles, vi. 54, 180 Pressigny (see Cortois de Pressigny) Prestre de Vauban (see Vauban) Princeteau, Marie Decazes, Dame, iv. 10 Prior, Matthew, iv. 80 Probus, the Emperor, ii. 105 Procopius, iv. 227 Propertius, Sextus, i. 162; iv. 248 Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, v. 219 Proudhon, née Sainte-Croix, Madame, v. 219 Provence, Comte de (see Louis XVIII. King of France and Navarre) Provence, Comtesse de (see Josephine of Sardinia, Queen of France) Prudhomme, Louis Marie, vi. 154 Prunelle, Dr. Clement François Victor Gabriel, iv. 120 Ptolemy I. King of Egypt, iv. 75 Ptolemy II. King of Egypt, iv. 75 Ptolemy, Claudius Ptolemæus, known as, v. 335 Pufendorf, Samuel Baron von, iv. 280 Puyravault, Pierre François Audrey de, v. 98, 105-106, 113 Pythagoras, i. 196; iv. 206; v. 68; vi. 4 Pytheas, ii. 202 Q Quatt, Herr, iv. 37 Québriac, Seigneur de Patrion, Jean François Xavier Comte de, i. 53, 106 Québriac, Comtesse de (see Chateaubourg) Quecq, Jacques Édouard, iv. 241 Queensberry, William Douglas, fourth Duke of, ii. 138 Quélen, Archbishop of Paris, Hyacinthe de, iv. 111-112; v. 190, 241-242; vi. 190, 263 Quincy (see Cortois de Quincy) Quinette, Nicolas Marie Baron, iii. 167-168 Quintal, the boatman, iii. 13, 15, 17 R Rabbe, Colonel, ii. 262 Rabbe, Alphonse, v. 97 Rabelais, François, i. 133; ii. 98, 124, 155; 243 Rachel, iii. 25 Racine, Jean Baptiste, i. 14, 62, 178; ii. 102, 106, 128, 178, 183, 293; iii. 10, 33, 131, 223; iv. 23; v. 57, 335; vi. 36, 202, 240 Racine the Younger, M., vi. 202 Radcliffe, Ann Wood, Mrs., ii. 126 Radziwill, Princess von, iv. 46 Radziwill the Younger, Princess von, iv. 46 Rafin (see Duchesnois) Raguse, Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de Marmont, Maréchal Duc de, iii. 50, 57, 118, 124; iv. 202; v. 94-96, 98, 100-101, 106-110, 130-131 Raineral (see Ruvigny and Raineval) Rainneville, Alphonse Valentin Vaysse, Comte de, iv. 97 Ranville (see Guernon-Ranville) Rambouillet de La Sablière (see La Sablière) Rameses II. King of Egypt (see Sesostris) Rancé, Abbot of the Trappe, Armand Jean Le Bouthillier de, vi. 251, 253 Raphael Sanzio, i. 31; ii. 140, 178, 306, 309; iii. 135; iv. 181, 225, 232, 239-240, 242-243, 248-249; v. 42, 47, 58, 61, 89, 273, 286, 353; vi. 3, 22, 59, 84, 141 Rasponi, Luisa Giulia Carolina Murat, Contessa, iv. 198 Raulx, the Comte de Chateaubriand's game-keeper, i. 49 Rauzan, Henri Louis Comte de Chestellux, later Duc de, iii. 101 Rauzan, Claire Henriette Philippine Benjamine de Durfort, Duchesse de, iii. 101, 128 Ravenel du Boistelleul (see Boistelleul) Ravier, Colonel, ii. 262 Raymond IV. Count of Toulouse, Duke of Bordeaux, Marquis of Provence, ii. 207, 292 Raymond (see also Damaze de Raymond) Raymond Berengarius IV. Count of Provence, ii. 192 Raynal, Abbé Guillaume Thomas François, i. 110 Rayneval, François Joseph Maximilien Gérard Comte de, iv. 102 Raynouard, François Juste Marie, iii. 29 Razumowsky, Cyrille Field-Marshal Count, iii. 49 Réal, Pierre François Comte, ii. 259, 283 Réaux (see Taboureau des Réaux and Tallemant des Réaux) Rebecque (see Constant de Rebecque) Reboul, Jean, ii. 203 Récamier, Jacques Rose, i. 189; ii. 210; iv. 150, 158, 170-171, 178 Récamier, Jeanne Françoise Julie Adélaïde Bernard, Dame, i. 5, 188; ii. 67; iii. 102; iv. 34, 40, 119, 121, 147-174, 177-184, 186-192, 194, 198-214 220, 233-234, 261-262, 284-288, 296-299, 302-304; v. 2, 18-19, 21-22, 25, 30, 35-37, 49, 64, 66 67, 89, 93-94, 156; v. 162, 197-201, 217, 260-261, 291-293, 296-301; vi. 25, 56, 102, 236, 250, 258-262 Récamier, Madame Delphin, iv. 178 Reeve, Henry, vi. 155-156 Reggio, Nicolas Charles Oudinot, Maréchal Duc de, iii. 95; iv. 135 Regnaud de Saint-Jean-d'Angély, Michel Louis Étienne, iii. 23 Regnaud de Saint-Jean-d'Angély, Dame, iii. 35 Regnault, Jean Baptiste, iv. 234 Regnier (see Massa) Régnier, Mathurin, ii. 305; vi. 29 Régnier-Desmarais, François Séraphin, v. 336 Regulus Bishop of Senlis, Saint, iii. 177 Regulus, Marcus Atilius, i. 33 Reid, Thomas, vi. 256 Reinhard, Charles Frédéric Comte, vi. 189 Rembrand van Rijn, Paul, ii. 178 Rémusat, Jean Pierre Abel, v. 80 Rémusat, Auguste Laurent Comte de, ii. 261 Rémusat, Claire Élisabeth Jeanne Gravier de Vergennes, Comtesse de, ii. 261, 282; iii. 17 Rémusat, Charles de, v. 95 Rémusat, M. Paul Louis Étienne de, ii. 282 René I. Duke of Anjou, King of Naples, ii. 200, 202 Renée of France, Duchess of Ferrara, vi. 75, 96 Renouard de Brussières, M., i. 174 Renouard de Brussières (see also Buffon) Reshid Pasha, Mustapha Mehemed, v. 51 Retz, Archbishop of Paris, Jean François Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de, iii. 131; iv. 246; v. 14, 16 Revellière-Lepeaux (see La Revellière-Lepeaux) Reynière (see Grimrod) Riario, Lord of Imola and Forli, Girolamo, iv. 229 Riario, Ottaviano, iv. 229 Riario (see also Sforza) Ricé, M. de, iii. 171, 173 Richard I. King of England, v. 70, 329, 377 Richard II. King of England, ii. 121; iii. 138 Richard III. King of England, i. 25; ii. 75, 121 Richard de Laprade (see Laprade) Richardson, Samuel, ii. 125-126 Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Duc de, i. 114; iv. 212, 245; v. 50, 55, 90 Richelieu, Louis François Armand du Plessis de Vignerot, Maréchal Duc de, i. 132; ii. 298 Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis de Vignerot, Duc de, iii. 51, 123, 223; iv. 4, 7, 9, 11, 25-29, 43, 59-77, 87, 141; v. 398 Richelieu, née de Rochechouart, Duchesse de, iv. 77 Richer, vi. 139 Richmond and Lennox, Charles Lennox, first Duke of, ii. 137 Richmond and Lennox, Charles Lennox, third Duke of, iv. 72 Ricimer, ii. 48 Riedmatten, President of the Town Council of Sion, M. de, ii. 250 Rietz, Frederic William II.'s footman, iv. 38 Rietz (see also Lichtenau) Rigaud, Chief Syndic of Geneva, v. 201 Rigny, Henri Comte de, v. 72 Rigoltus (see Rigord) Rigord, ii. 30 Rijn (see Rembrand van Rijn) Rimini (see Malatesta) Rio, André Pons de L'Hérault, Comte de, iii. 109 Riouffe, Honoré Jean Baron, ii. 52 Rivarol, Antoine Comte de, i. 175-176; ii. 31-32, 80, 100; iii. 125; v. 267; vi. 158 Rivarola, Agostino Cardinal, iv. 235 Rivaux, M., v. 103 Rivera, Dame de, vi. 244 Rivière, Charles François Riffordeau, Duc de, iv. 138-139, 167; v. 342, 379 Rivoli, Prince d'Essling, André Masséna, Maréchal Duc de, ii. 269; iii. 63, 68, 112, 120, 170, 203; iv. 164, 170, 227, 282 Robert I. Bruce, King of Scots, v. 411 Robert I. King of England (see Robert II. Duke of Normandy) Robert I. King of France, vi. 28 Robert II. King of France, iv. 58; v. 376; vi. 196 Robert I. Duke of Normandy, ii. 62 Robert II. Duke of Normandy, de jure Robert I. King of England, ii. 62 Robert Count of Paris, vi. 28 Robert I. Duke of Parma, H.R.H., iv. 224; v. 361; vi. 254 Robert of Geneva, Count, v. 12 Robert, Hubert, ii. 296 Robert, Louis Léopold, iv. 240-241 Robert de Lamennais (see Lamennais) Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, iv. 185-186 Robertson, Étienne Gaspard, ii. 159 Robertson, William, ii. 121, 300 Robespierre, Maximilien Marie Isidore, i. 132, 170-171, 175, 218; ii. 19-21, 52, 160, 222, 257, 259; iii. 124, 201; iv. 4, 23, 189; v. 215; vi. 166 Robion, M., i. 108 Robusti, the dyer, vi. 48 Robusti (see also Tintoretto) Rocca, M. de, i. 163; iv. 177-178, 205-206 Rochambeau, Jean Baptiste Donatien de Viveur, Comte de, i. 218-219 Roche, Achille, ii. 265, 275-276 Rochechouart, Dame de, ii. 84 Rochefort (see d'Enghien) Rochefoucauld (see La Rochefoucauld) Rochejacquelein (see La Rochejacquelein) Rockingham, Charles Watson Wentworth, second Marquess of, ii. 143 Rocoules, Madame de, iv. 37 Rodriguez de Silva Velasquez (see Velasquez) Rodney, George Brydges, first Lord, i. 215 Roederer, Pierre Louis Comte, vi. 184 Roger I. Count of Sicily, iv. 186 Roger I. King of the Two Sicilies, Roger II. Count of Sicily, later, iv. 186 Roger, Lieutenant, iv. 211-212 Rogers, Samuel, ii. 128; vi. 88-89 Roh, Père Jacques, vi. 43 Rohan, Edward of, i. 9 Rohan, Margaret of, i. 9 Rohan, Renée de, i. 75 Rohan-Chabot, Archbishop of Auch, later of Besançon, Louis François Auguste Prince de Léon, Cardmal Duc de, iv. 187-188; v. 64; vi. 136 Rohan-Chabot, née de Serent, Duchesse de, iv. 187 Rohan-Rochefort (see d'Enghien) Roland de La Platière, Jean Marie, ii. 12, 14, 25, 106 Roland de la Platière, Manon Jeanne Philipon, Dame, ii. 12, 25, 26 Rolle, Jacques Hippolyte, v. 95 Rollin, Charles, i. 63 Rollin, Dame, v. 261 Rollin (see also Ledru-Rollin) Rollo Duke of Normandy, i. 39 Romano, Giulio di Pietro di Filippo de' Giunnazzi, known as Giulio, iv. 239 Romanzoff, Nikolai Count, iv. 40 Romberg, Édouard, iii. 132 Romulus King of Rome, vi. 196 Ronsard, Pierre de, i. 133, 245; vi. 82 Roqueplan, Louis Victor Nestor, v. 96 Rosa (see Martinez de La Rosa) Rosanbo, Marquis de, ii. 296 Rosanbo, Louis Le Péletier, Vicomte de, i. 135 Rosanbo, Louis de Péletier, President de, i. 126, 134, 136, 178; ii. 28; v. 64 Rosanbo, Marie Thérese de Malesherbes, Présidente de, i. 135-136; ii. 49, 81, 84; v. 64 Rosanbo, Dame de, ii. 296 Rose, the milliner, Madame, i. 99-100 Rose, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's house-maid, i. 190 Rose Récamier (see Récamier) Roseau, Jean, ii. 21 Rosny (see Sully) Rospigliosi (see Zagarolo) Ross, Sir James Clark, vi. 222 Rossignol, General Jean Antoine, iii. 213 Rossini, Gioachino Antonio, iv. 41; v. 19, 43 Rostopchin, Feodor Count, iii. 55 Rostrenen, Père Grégoire de, i. 142 Rothenflue, Père Gaspard, vi. 43 Rothesay (see Stuart de Rothesay) Rothschild, Nathaniel Mayer first Lord, iv. 71 Rothschild, Alphonse Baron de, iii. 72 Rothschild, Anselm Mayer Baron de, iv. 71 Rothschild, Charles Mayor Baron de, iv. 71 Rothschild, James Mayer Baron de, iv. 71, 79 Rothschild, Nathan Mayer Baron de, 71, 79 Rothschild, Salomon Mayer Baron de, iv. 71 Rothschild, Mayer Anselm, iv. 79 Rouërie (see La Rouërie) Rouillac, Abbé de, i. 73 Rousseau, Jean Baptiste, i. 131 Rousseau, Jean Jacques, i. 83, 122, 180, 219; ii. 22, 26, 85, 105, 133, 164, 176, 197, 215, 244, 303-304, 307-308; iv. 106-107, 122, 202, 253, 285; v. 292, 300-301, 318; vi. 65, 70-75, 82, Rousseau, Dame, ii. 164 Rousseau, the clock-maker, vi. 72 Roussel, the boatman, iii. 13 Roussy (see Girodet) Roux, Jacques, iv. 4 Roux de Laborie (see Laborie) Rovere (see Lante Monfeltrio delle Rovere) Roxana Queen of Macedon, iv. 192 Rovedino, Signor, i. 173 Rovigo, Anne Jean Marie René Savary, Duc de, ii. 261-262, 265, 270, 272-277, 279, 283; iii. 188; iv. 176 Roy, Antoine Comte, iv. 138-139 Royer-Collard, Pierre Paul, iv. 61, 136, 138, 142; v. 304, 416 Rubempré, Louis de Mailly, Comte de, ii. 297 Rubens, Peter Paul, iv. 250; vi. 74 Rudolph II., the Emperor, v. 387 Rulhière, Claude Carloman de, i. 132; ii. 10 Rupert Bishop of Worms, Saint, vi. 126 Russell, John first Earl, iv. 69 Ruvigny and Raineval, Melville Amadeus Henry Douglas Heddle de La Caillemotte de Massue de Ruvigny, Marquis de, iv. 237 Rysbrack, Michael, ii. 74 S Sabatier, Alexis, v. 244 Sablière (see La Sablière) Sabran, Marquis de, i. 144 Sabran, Elzéar Louis Marie Comte de, iv. 164 Sabran (see also Boufflers and Elzear) Sacchetti, v. 14 Sacchini, Antonio Maria Gasparo, i. 179 Sacken (see Osten-Sacken) Sagan (see Wallenstein) Saget, M., ii. 307-309 Saint-Agnan, Comte de, v. 247 Saint-Aignan (see Chalais-Périgord) St. Albans, Sir Francis Bacon, first Lord Verulam, first Viscount, ii. 74; v. 57 Saint-Ange, Ange François Fariau, known as de, ii. 9 Saint-Aubin, Jeanne Charlotte Schroeder, Dame d'Herbey, known as Madame, i. 173 Saint-Balmont, Alberte Barbe d'Ercecourt, Comtesse de, ii. 53 Saint-Chamans, Alfred Armand Robert Comte de, v. 101 Saint-Cyr (see Gouvion de Saint-Cyr) Saint-Germain, Claude Louis Comte de, vi. 202-203 Saint-Germain, Germain Couhaillon, known as, ii. 236, 239-240, 316-317 Saint-Germain, Dame, ii. 236-237 Saint-Gilles (see Raymond IV. Count of Toulouse) Saint-Huberti, later Comtesse d'Entragues, Antoinette Cécile Clauvel, Dame, i. 113 Saint-Hyacinthe, Hyacinthe Cordonnier, known as Thémiseuil, v. 413 Saint-Fargeau, Michel Lepelletier de, ii. 296; vi. 162 Saint-Fargeau, Dame de, ii. 295-296 Saint-Gall, the Monk of, iv. 170 Saint-Jean d'Angely (see Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angely) Saint-Just, Antoine, iii. 196 Saint-Lambert, Henri François Marquis de, ii. 196-197, 209 Saint-Léon, M. de, iii. 143 Saint-Leu, pseud., Duc de (see Louis King of Holland) Saint-Leu, pseud., Duchesse de (see Hortense Queen of Holland) Saint-Leu, pseud., Comte de (see Napoleon III. Emperor of the French) Saint-Louis (see Poullain) Saint-Luc (see Toussaint de Saint-Luc) Saint-Mahé (see Potelet) Saint-Marcellin, M. de Fontanes, Comte de, ii. 105; iii. 140 Saint-Marsault, Baron de, i. 119 Saint-Marsault-Chatelaillon, Baron de, i. 119 Saint-Martin, Louis Claude de, ii. 194-196 Saint-Martin, Antoine Jean, v. 80 Saint-Méry (see Moreau de Saint-Méry) Saint-Paul (see Lemoyne-Saint-Paul) Saint-Phal, the actor, i. 128 Saint-Pierre (see Bernardin de Saint-Pierre) Saint-Pol, Antoine Montbreton, Maréchal de, v. 131 Saint-Priest, François Emmanuel Guignard, Comte de, i. 156; vi. 96, 230-231, 234-235 Saint-Priest, Duque de Almazan, Emmanuel Louis Marie Guignard, Vicomte de, vi. 97-192, 112 Saint-Priest, Vicomtesse de, vi. 97, 99-100 Saint-Riveul, Henri du Rocher, Comte de, i. 64 Saint-Riveul, André François Jean du Rocher de, i. 64, 154 Saint-Simon, Claude Anne Duc de, i. 49 Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvray, Duc de, i. 167; iv. 80; v. 333 Saint-Simon, Claude Henri Comte de, ii. 184 Saint-Simon (see also Lautrec de Saint-Simon) Saint-Tropez (see Suffren de Saint-Tropez) Saint-Val the Elder, Demoiselle, i. 128 Saint-Val the Younger, Demoiselle, i. 128 Saint-Vallier, Jean de Poitiers, Seigneur de, ii. 294 Saint-Véran (see Montcalm de Saint-Véran) Sainte-Aulaire, Louis Clair Comte de Beaupoil, de, iv. 10; v. 161-162; vi. 113 Sainte-Aulaire, Comtesse de, iv. 10 Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin, ii. 105; iii. 147; iv. 107; vi. 190 Sainte-Beuve, Demoiselle, vi. 143 Sainte-Croix, Gaudet de, ii. 163 Sainte-Croix, Piégard, v. 219 Sainte-Hyacinthe de Charrière [see Charrière) Sainte-Rosalie, Père Ange de, i. 5 Saintsbury, Professor George Edward Bateman, vi. 88 Sala, Alexandre Adolphe, v. 101, 244; vi. 97-98, 100 Sales (see Delisle de Sales) Salisbury, William de Montacute, first Earl of, ii. 74 Salisbury, Catharine Grandison, Countess of, ii. 74, 138 Salisbury, James Cecil, seventh Earl, later first Marquess of, iv. 161 Salisbury, Emily Mary Hill, Marchioness of, iv. 161 Salle (see La Salle) Sallust, Caius Sallustius Crispus, known as, ii. 335; vi. 157 Salluste, Du Bartas (see Du Bartas) Salmasius (see Saumaise) Salome, v. 175 Salvage de Faverolles, née Dumorey, Dame, iv. 287, 297; v. 297 Salvandy, Narcisse Achille Comte de, iv. 144 Salverte, Eusèbe, v. 105 Salvetat (see Mars) Salvianus, ii. 36 Samoyloff, Countess, vi. 120 Sand, Karl Ludwig, iv. 46, 56 Sand, Armandine Lucile Aurore Dupin, Dame Dudevant, known as George, v. 70; vi. 175-180 Sannazaro, Jacopo, iv. 185; vi. 48 Sanson, Charles Henri, i. 156; ii. 11; vi. 202 Sansovino, Francesco, vi. 103 Sansovino, Giacomo Tatti, known as, vi. 103 Santeuil, Jean Baptiste, v. 255 Sappho, vi. 172, 180 Sarrans the Younger, Bernard Alexis, v. 96 Saudre (see La Saudre) Saumaise, Claude de, ii. 53 Saunois, the Revolutionary, iii. 213 Saussure, Horace Benedicte de, v. 200 Saussure (see also Necker de Saussure) Sautelet, the publisher, v. 83; vi. 168-169 Sauvigny (see Bertier de Sauvigny) Sauvo, François, v. 116 Savarin (see Brillat-Savarin) Savoie-Carignan (see Carignan and Eugène) Savary (see Rovigo) Saxo Grammaticus, v. 277 Say, Thomas, i. 253 Scaliger, Joseph Justus, ii. 204; vi. 45 Scaliger, Julius Cæsar, vi. 45 Scandiano (see Bojardo) Scarron, Paul, vi. 241 Schadow, Wilhelm Friedrich von, iv. 240 Scheffer, Ary, v. 128 Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich, iv. 41, 108, 253, 274, 279; v. 412; vi. 4-5 Schiller, the gaoler, vi. 56 Schnetz, Jean Victor, iv. 240 Schnorr von Carolsfeld, Julius, iv. 240 Schouwaloff, Paul Count, iii. 63, 78, 81, 83-84, 87 Schonen, Auguste Jean Marie Baron de, v. 96, 98, 113, 152-153 Schwartz, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's travelling footman, v. 326, 330, 339-340, 352; vi. 12 Schwarzenberg, Karl Philipp Fieldmarshal Prince von, iii. 56-57, 94 Schwed, Margrave, iv. 38 Sciarra, Marco, vi. 88 Scipio Africanus, Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major, known as, i. 27; ii. 331; iii. 33; iv. 184-185, 247; v. 56; vi. 2, 50, 237 Scipio Numantinus, Publius Cornelius Scipio Æmilianus Africanus Major, known as, v. 56; vi. 2, 50, 237 Scipio, Metellus, ii. 331; iv. 184; vi. 2, 50, 237 Scott, Sir Walter, i. xxiii, 82; ii. 123-124, 127; iii. 88-89, 209; v. 246 Scudéry, Madeleine de, i. 14 Sébastiani de La Porta, Horace François Bastien Comte, iii. 167-168; iv. 117, 127-128, 137, 142; v. 88, 105, 116, 123, 154 Sedaine, Michel Jean, i. 179 Ségalas, Anais Ménard, Dame, vi. 174 Séguier, Pierre Chancelier, i. 135 Séguier, Antoine, i. 135 Séguier, Antoine Louis, i. 135 Séguier, Matthieu, i. 135 Séguier, Pierre, i. 134-135 Ségur, Philippe Henri Maréchal Marquis de, iii. 29 Ségur, Louis Philippe Comte de, iii. 28-29 Ségur, Philippe Paul Comte de, iii. 29, 89; v. 80 Ségur, Joseph Alexandre Vicomte de, i. 177 Seleucus I. Nicator King of Syria, Macedon, Thrace and Asia Minor, iv. 75 Selkirk, Thomas Douglas, fifth Earl of, i. 233 Semallé, Comte de, iii. 87 Semonville, Charles Louis Huguet, Marquis, later Duc de, iv. 8, 110-111, 132; v. 111, 113-114, 116-118, 122, 128, 173 Sénacour, Étienne Pivert de, vi. 175 Seneca, Lucius Annæus, ii. 258, 335; vi. 89 Senozan, Président Marquis de, ii. 295 Senozan, Anne Nicole de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, Marquise de, ii. 295 Senty, M., v. 96 Sequin, Abbé, vi. 253, 256-257 Sérilly, Antoine Jean François de Megret de, i. 174 Sérilly, later Dame de Pange, Anne Louise Thomas, Dame de, i. 174 Seroux d'Agincourt (see d'Agincourt) Serre, Pierre François Hercule Comte de, iv. 103, 128; vi. 46 Serres, Olivier de, vi. 242 Sérurier, Jean Marie Philippe Maréchal Comte, iii. 91 Sesmaisons, Donatien Comte de, v. 28 Sesmaisons, née Dambray, Comtesse de, v. 28 Sesmaisons, Vicomte de, v. 28 Sesostris King of Egypt, Rameses II., known as, vi, 198 Severoli, Cardinal, v. 6 Sévigné, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, Marquise de, i. 14, 105, 125, 143; ii. 100, 152, 179, 228-229, 302; 6, 89, 246; vi. 201 Sévigné, M. de, i. 143 Sévin, Abbé René Malo, i. 48, 108-109 Sèze, Raymond Comte de, iv. 24-25 Sforza, Galeazzo Maria, iv. 229 Sforza, later Signora Riario, later Signora de' Medici, Caterina, iv. 229 Sforza, Lord of Pesaro, Giovanni, v. 13; vi. 50 Shakspeare, William, ii. 57, 75, 110, 121-125, 142, 202; iv. 93-94, 297; v. 272, 387-388; vi. 46, 74, 169 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, i. 254 Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, Mrs., i. 254 Sheridan, Richard Brinsley Butler, i. xxi; ii. 143; iii. 68 Sicard, Abbé Roch Ambroise Cucurron, iii. 16, 29 Siddons, Sarah Kemble, Mrs., iv. 78 Sidonius Apollinaris, Saint, ii. 45, 102; v. 11 Sieyès, Emmanuel Joseph Comte Sieyès, known as Abbé, v. 68-69 Sigonnière (see Ferron de La Sigonnière) Silvester II., Pope, v. 376 Simiane, Dame de, i. 174 Simmons, Mr. Frederic John, i. xvii. Simms and M'Intyre, i. xv. Simon, Père Richard, i. 125 Simon, Antoine, i. 156 Simond, Louis, iv. 258 Simonde de Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard, iii. 152; v, 200 Simonides of Amorgos, v. 56 Simplicius Bishop of Bourges, Saint, v. 11 Sismondi (see Simonde de Sismondi) Sivry, M. de, iv. 120 Sixtus V., Pope, ii. 18; iv. 296; v. 13, 47; vi. 87 88 Skrynecki, General Jan Sigismund Boncza, v. 381-382 Skrynecki, Dame, v. 381-382 Smith, William, i. 186 Smolensk (see Kutuzoff) Smollett, Tobias George, ii. 120 "Snaffle," pseud., vi. 266 Socrates, iii. 96; v. 63, 229; vi. 172 Solm-Braunfels, Frederic William Prince of, iv. 33 Solon, v. 6 Somaglia (see Della Somaglia) Somerset, Edward Adolphus Seymour, eleventh Duke of, ii. 68; iv. 75, 161 Somerset, Charlotte Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of, iv. 161 Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen of Prussia, iv. 58 Sophocles, ii. 124, 178, 294; iii. 29; v. 56 Sophonisba, ii. 331 Soubise, Charles de Rohan, Prince de, ii. 293 Soult (see Dalmatie) Southey, Robert, ii. 128 Spenser, Edmund, v. 57 Spinoza, Baruch, ii. 183 Spon, Jacques, ii. 208; iv. 246-247 Spontini, Gaspardo, iv. 42 Spontini, née Érard, Dame, iv. 42 Stadion, Johann Philipp Karl Joseph Count von, iii. 49 Staël-Holstein, Baron de, i. 163 Staël-Holstein, later Dame de Rocca, Anne Louise Germaine Necker, Baronne de, i. 163, 174, 177; ii. 99, 104, 134, 161, 177, 179, 187, 241-243, 289-290, 303-304; iii. 61, 68-69, 101-102, 128; iv. 120-121, 148-149, 158-160, 163-164, 166, 170-178, 183, 200-201, 205-206, 213, 220, 254, 286; v. 198, 200, 202, 209, 237, 301; vi. 42, 75-76, 187 Staël-Holstein, Auguste Baron de, iv. 178; v. 300 Staël-Holstein, Matthieu Baron de, ii. 242 Staël-Holstein the Younger, Baron de, iv. 178; v. 300 Stanislaus I. Leczinski, King of Poland, ii. 299; iii. 27; vi. 101 Stapfer, Albert, v. 95 Statius, Publius Papinius, i. 56; v. 326; vi. 79 Stauffacher, Werner, v. 274, 277 Steele, Sir Richard, ii. 121 Steenhuyse (see d'Hane de Steenhuyse) Steibelt, Daniel, iv. 213 Steinle, Eduard, iv. 240 Stendhal, Marie Henri Beyle, known as de, v. 202 Sterne, Rev. Laurence, ii. 125; iv. 80 Stewart, Dugald, v. 109; vi. 256 Stoltzenberg, Baroness von, iv. 38 Strabo, i. 27; vi. 68, 247 Strozzi, Pietro Marshal, ii. 45 Strozzi, Ercole, vi. 79 Strozzi, Tito Vespasiano, vi. 79 Stuart de Rothesay, Sir Charles Stuart, first Lord, iii. 49, 90; v. 144-145 Stürmer, Bartholomäus Baron von, iii. 210-211 Suard, Jean Baptiste Antoine, ii. 300; iii. 24, 28 Suard, née Panckoucke, Dame, ii. 300 Suetonius Tranquillus, Caius, i. 57; iv. 225 Sueur (see Le Sueur) Suffren de Saint-Tropez, Pierre André de, i. xxi Suger, Abbot of Saint-Denis, vi. 133 Suidas, vi. 247 Suleau, François, i. 175 Sulla, Lucius Cornelius, iv. 14; vi. 224-225 Sulla, Metella, vi. 224 Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, Baron de Rosny, later Duc de, i. 117; ii. 121; iv. 127 Surcouf, Robert, i. 26 Survilliers,pseud., Comte and Comtesse de (see Joseph King of Naples, later of Spain and Julia Queen of Naples, later of Spain) Sussy, Jean Baptiste Henry Collin, Comte de, v. 117, 122, 128 Sutton, Admiral Sir John, ii. 92 Sutton, Charlotte Ives, Lady, ii. 86-94, 96-97; iii. 135; iv. 63, 65, 94-95; vi. 13, 252 Sutton, Captain, iv. 95 Sutton, Mrs., iv. 95 Suze (see La Suze) Suwaroff, Alexander Count, v. 282 Swanton. Mr. Calvert Hutchinson, vi. 266 Swanwick, Anna, vi. 83-84 Swedenborg, Emanuel, ii. 76, 86 Swift, Dean Jonathan, iv. 80 Swift, the fur-trader, i. 217-218 Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius, v. 418 Symonds, John Addington, iv. 181 T Taboureau des Réaux, M., i. 162 Tacitus, Cornelius, ii. 29, 97, 201, 291, 335; iii. 9. 195; iv. 225; v. 177; vi. 19, 126-127, 137, 157 Taillepied de Bondy (see Bondy) Talaru, Louis Justin Marie Marquis de, ii. 194; iv. 101 Talaru, Comtesse de Clermont-Tonnerre, later Marquise de, ii. 193-194; iv. 153 Tallart, Camille d'Hostun, Maréchal Duc de, v. 333 Tallemant des Réaux, Gedeon, iv. 44 Talleyrand-Chalais, Prince de, iv. 79 Talleyrand-Périgord, Bishop of Autun, Prince de Bénévent, Charles Maurice Duc de, i. 99, 130, 176-177; ii. 175, 214, 230, 247, 252, 259, 261, 265, 274-276, 279-284, 289; iii. 55-56, 60, 64, 72-74, 86-87,98-100, 111, 122, 127, 131, 143, 148, 157, 159. 165, 171-175, 177-178, 180, 182, 196; iv. 3, 16, 26; v. 83, 271, 325; vi. 40, 181-192 Talleyrand-Périgord, Mrs. Grant, née Wortley, later Duchesse de, iii. 98 Talleyrand-Périgord, Iidouard Duc de Dino, later Duc de, i. 99 Talleyrand-Périgord, Princess Dorothea of Courland, Duchesse de Dino, later Duchesse de, i. 99; iv. 33 Talma, François Joseph, i. 128, 173; ii. 177-178, 193; iv. 212 Talma, Charlotte Vanhove, Dame Petit, later Dame, ii. 193 Talma, Louise Julie Carreau, Dame, ii. 193 Talmont, Charles Léopold Henri de La Trémoille, Prince de, iii. 101 Talmont (see also La Rochejacquelein and La Trémoille) Talon, General, v. 101 Tamerlane Khan of Tartary, iii. 191 Tancred Prince of Galilee, later of Edessa, ii. 177; iv. 186 Tancred (see also Hauteville) Tardieu d'Esclavelles (see d'Épinay) Tardiveau (see Piet-Tardiveau) Tarente, Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre Macdonald, Maréchal Duc de, iii. 90, 112, 177-178 Tasso, Bernardo, vi. 79, 81 Tasso, Torquato, i. xxiv, 203, 247; ii. 86, 123-124, 220; iii. 10; iv. 185-186, 231, 244, 286; v. 26-27, 63-64, 70, 254, 286, 330; vi. 3, 47, 79, 81-94, 96-97, 100, 102, 222 Tasso, Cornelia, vi. 84 Tastu, Sabine Casimir Amable Voïart, Dame, vi. 171-172, 174-175 Tavernier, Jean Baptiste, i, 88 Taylor, the British agent, ii. 259 Teixeira de Mattos, Mr. David, i. xiii-xiv Telemachus, ii. 48 Tell, William, v. 264-275, 277-279 Terence, Publius Terentius Afer, known as, v. 56; vi. 11 Termes, M. de, ii. 302 Ternaux, Louis Guillaume Baron, iv. Terray, Abbé Joseph Marie, i. 162 Tertre (see Duport du Tertre), Tertullian, Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, known as, v. 10; vi. 59 Terwagne (see Théroigne de Méricourt) Teste, Charles, v. 137 Teste, Jean Baptiste, v. 126 Tharin, Bishop of Strasburg, Claude Marie Paul, iv. 139 Tharsis, Gendarme, ii. 262-263 Thiel, Jean François du, ii. 107, 111 Themistocles, i. 223; ii. 231; iii. 189-190 Theodatus King of the Ostrogoths, iv. 227 Theodebert I. King of Austrasia, ii. 52 Theodora, the Empress, iii. 206 Theodore I. King of Corsica, Theodor Baron von Neuhof, later, vi. 101 Theodoric, King of the Ostrogoths, iv. 227 Theodoric II. King of the Visigoths, ii. 45 Theodosius I., the Emperor, iv. 227 Théroigne de Méricourt, Anne Joseph Terwagne, known as Demoiselle, ii. 11 Thévenin (see Devienne) Thianges, née de Rochechouart de Mortemart, Duchesse de, i. 103 Thiard (see Bissy, Thiard-Bissy and Thiard de Bissy) Thiard-Bissy, Henri Charles Comte de, i. 140, 145, 153; v. 162 Thiard de Bissy, Auxonne Marie Théodose Comte de, v. 162 Thibaudeau, Auguste Clair, iii. 143, 217 Thibaut IV. Count of Champagne, i. xxiv Thionville (see Merlin de Thionville) Thierry, Amedée Simon Dominique), v. 271 Thierry, Jacques Nicolas Augustin, iv. 261, 288-289; v. 28, 208, 270-271 Thiers, President of the French Republic, Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe, iii. 156, 192; v. 82-83, 95-96, 105, 114, 127-128, 134, 137, 140-141, 198, 206, 217, 307; vi. 125, 154-157 Thomas, Antoine Leonard, i. 162; ii. 102 Thomas, Jacques Léonard Clément, v. 109, 140-141 Thomas, Victor, v. 310 Thomas Aquinas, Saint, ii. 184 Thomson, James, ii. 99 Thorwaldsen, Albert Bertel, iv. 241, 297; v. 275 Thorwaldsen, Miss, iv. 297 Thouars (see La Trémoille) "Thouret," M., ii. 84 Thucydides, iii. 96, 136, 195; v. 56, 255, 177, 229-230; vi. 157 Thumery, Marquis de, ii. 259 Tiberius, the Emperor, ii. 331; iv. 291, 297; vi. 209 Tibullus, Albius, i. 54, 84, 162; v. 63 Tiemblais (see Hingant de La Tiemblais) Tilbury (see Gervase of Tilbury) Tillet (see Du Tillet) Tilleul, M. du, ii. 162 Timon, ii. 122 Tinténiac, i. 9 Tinténiac, M. de, i. 48 Tintoretto, Jacopo Robusti, known as, vi. 48, 58 Tinville (see Fouquier-Tinville) Titian, Tiziano Vicelli, known as, iv. 239; vi. 17, 48-49, 57-58, 75 Titus, the Emperor, iii. 183; v. 58, 63; vi. 247 Tobias, ii. 122 Tocqueville, Hervé Louis François Joseph Bonaventure Clérel, Comte de, i. 135; ii. 295; vi. 24 Tocqueville, née de Rosanbo, Comtesse de, i. 135; ii. 295 Tocqueville, Alexis Charles Henri Clérel de, i. 135; ii. 295; vi. 24, 261 Tolendal (see Lally-Tolendal) Tollendal (see Lally-Tolendal Tolstoi, Countess, vi. 46 Tolstoi the Younger, Count, vi. 46 Tonnerre (see Clermont-Tonnerre) Torlonia (see Bracciano) Torrenté, M. de, ii. 250 Torrington, George Byng, sixth Viscount, ii. 68 Touchet (see Du Touchet and d'Entragues) Tour (see La Tour) Tourel, the "knight of July," v. 240 Tourneaux, the Polytechnic scholar, v. 107 Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de, i. 180 Tournelle (see La Tournelle) Tournon, Philippe Camille Marcelin, Comte de, iv. 258; vi. 7 Tourton, M., iii. 56 Tourville, Anne Hilarion de Contentin, Comte de, v. 175 Toussaint-Louverture, Dominique François, iii. 191; vi. 42 Toussaint de Saint-Luc, Père, i. 5 "Tout-le-Monde," the cow-keeper, v. 346 Townsend, John Kirk, i. 253 Trajan, the Emperor, iii. 225; iv. 229; v. 58, 60; vi. 239 Trapassi (see Metastasio) Travanet, rufe de Bombelles, Marquise de, ii. 37 Trélat, Ulysse, v. 126, 141 Trémargat, Louis Anne Pierre Geslin, Comte de, i. 145-146, 152 Trémaudun, Nicolas Pierre Philippes, Seigneur de, i. 48 Trémaudun, Dame de, i. 48 Tremerello (see Mandricardo) Trémigon, Comte de, i. 21; vi. 127, 173 Trémoille (see La Trémoille) Trevelec, Abbé de, i. 108 Treves, Clement Wenceslaus Duke in Saxony, Archbishop-Elector of, ii. 4 Trévise, Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, Maréchal Duc de, iii. 50-51, 57, 120, 124, 155; v. 101 Triboulet, the Court fool, ii. 17 Trioson (see Girodet Trioson) Trivulzio, Signorina, iv. 229 Trochu, General Louis Jules, v. 109 Trogoff, Joachim Simon Comte de, v. 404-405, 408-409, 417 Trojolif, Sébastien Marie Hyacinthe de Moëlien, Chevalier Seigneur de, i. 66 Trojolif (see also Moëlien de Trojolif) Tromelin, Jacques Jean Marie François Boudin, Comte de, v. 106 Tronchet, François Denis, iii. 139 Tronjoli (see Trojolif) Trouin (see Duguay-Trouin) Trublet, Abbé Nicolas Charles Joseph, i. 18, 27 Truchsess von Waldburg (see Waldburg) Tuffin de La Rouërie (see La Rouërie) Tulloch, Francis, i. 195, 197, 208 Tully (see Cicero) Turenne, Henri Amédée Mercure Comte de, iii. 164-165 Turenne, Henri de La Tourd'Auvergne, Maréchal Vicomte de, i. 57, 77; ii. 151; iii. 27, 89, 225; v. 101, 143; vi. 19-20 Turenne (see also Bouillon) Turgot, Baron de L'Aulne, Anne Robert Jacques, i. 162; vi. 202-203 Turpin, Archbishop of Rheims, ii. 33 Turreau de Garambouville, Louis Marie Baron de, ii. 108 Tyler, Wat, ii. 128 Tyrtæus, v. 213 U Ulliac, M., i. 153 Unwin, Mr. Thomas Fisher, vi. 166 Urban V., Pope, ii. 200 Urias, vi. 237 d'Urte, Honoré, ii. 303; v. 132 Urquhart, Sir Thomas, i. 133; iv. 243 Ursins (see also Orsini) Ursins, Anne Marie de La Trémoille, Princesse de Talleyrand-Chalais, later Princesse des, iv. 79-80; v. 50 Ursinus, Anti-pope, v. 11 d'Urville (see Dumont d'Urville) Usquin, M., iv. 67 V Vachon, Mademoiselle, v. 364 Vaillant, M., v. 96 Valangin (see Wagram) Valence, Comte de, iv. 237 Valence, née de Genlis, Comtesse de, iv. 237 Valentine, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's footman, i. 190 Valentinian III., the Emperor, ii. 185; iii. 47; iv. 227 Valentinois, Diane de Poitiers, Comtesse de Maulevrier, later Duchesse de, ii. 294 Valentinois (see also Borgia) Valerian, the Emperor, ii. 309 Valmore, François Prosper Lanchantin, known as, vi. 174 Valmore, Marceline Josèphe Félicité Desbordes, Dame Desbordes, vi. 174 Vallière (see La Vallière) Valmy, François Christophe Kellermann, Maréchal Duc de, ii. 49; v. 127; vi. 249 Valmy, François Edmond Kellermann, Duc de, vi. 249 Vancouver, George, i. 215 Vaneau, the Poly technic scholar, v. 110 Vannucci (see Perugino) Vanozza, Rosa, v. 13 Varano, Alfonso Marchese di, vi. 79 Varenne (see Billaud-Varenne) Vassal, M., v. 96 Vatimesnil, Antoine François Henri Lefebvre de, iv. 139 Vauban, Sébastien Maréchal Le Prestre de, ii. 52; iii. 225; vi. 23 Vaublanc, Vincent Marie Viennot, Comte de, ii. 129 Vaudreuil, Louis Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de, i. 131 Vaudreuil, Dame de, i. 174 Vaudrin, the grave-digger, vi. 170-171 Vaufreland, M. de, v. 304 Vauguyon (see La Vauguyon) Vauquelin, Burgess, i. 126 Vaurouault (see Goyon-Vaurouault) Vauvenargues, Luc de Clapier, Marquis de, v. 387; vi. 1-2 Vauvert, Michel Bossinot de, ii. 6 Vauxelles, Jacques Bourlet, Abbé de, ii. 105 Vega Carpia, Lope Felix de, ii. 38; v. 318 Veit, Philipp, iv. 240 Velasquez, Diego Rodriguez de Silva, iv. 239 Velly, Abbé Paul François, i. 222-223 Vendramin, Doge of Venice, Andrea, vi. 59 Ventador, Duc de, v. 130 Veremund II. King of Leon and Asturias; v. 377 Vergne (see Pioche de La Vergne) Vernet, Antoine Charles Horace Vernet, known as Carle, ii. 298 Vernet, Claude Joseph, ii. 298 Vernet, Émile Jean Horace Vernet, known as Horace, ii. 298; iv. 241 Verneuil, Cathérine Henriette de Balzac d'Entragues, Marquis de, i. 117; iv. 79 Veronese, Paolo Cagliari, known as Paul, vi. 48, 103 Vertamy (see Mandaroux-Vertamy) Vespasian, the Emperor, v. 58; vi. 17 Vestris, Marie Rose Gourgaud, Dame, i. 128 Vezderdjerd I. King of Persia, ii. 43 Vibraye, Anne Victor Denis Hubault, Marquis de, iv. 21 Vic (see d'Ermenonville) Vicence, Armand Auguste Louis Marquis de Caulaincourt, later Duc de, ii. 275, 282-283; iii. 49, 77, 98, 157. 167-168 Victoire Princess of France, Madame, i. 160, 177; vi. 69, 197 Victor I. King of England, Scotland and Ireland (see Victor Emanuel I. King of Sardinia) Victor (see also Bellune) Victor Amadeus II. King of Sardinia, iv. 251 Victor Amadeus III. King of Sardinia, ii. 221; iv. 251 Victor Emanuel I. King of Sardinia, de jure Victor I. King of England, Scotland and Ireland, ii. 221; iv. 54, 251; vi. 45, 78 Victor Emanuel II. King of Sardinia, later of Italy, iv. 224 Victoria Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India, iv. 47, 50, 75, 251; vi. 207 Vidal, Pierre, v. 328 Vidocq, François Eugène, v. 258 Vidoni, Pietro Cardinal, iv. 235-236 Vieillard, Narcisse, v. 297-298 Viennet, Jean Pons Guillaume, v. 138-139 Vieuzac (see Barère de Vieuzac) Viganoni, Signor, i. 173 Vigarous, Dr. Joseph Marie Joachim, ii. 165 Vigée-Lebrun (see Lebrun) Vigier, Comte, vi. 154 Vignale, Abbé, ii. 215-217 Vignola, Giacomo Barrocchio or Barozzi, known as, iv. 241 Vignoles (see Lahire) Vigny, Alfred Victor Comte de, v. 128 Vildéneux (see Loisel de La Villedeneu) Villa (see Della Villa) Villafranca (see Carignan) Villafranca-Soisson, Conti di, i. 51 Villaret, Claude, i. 222 Villars, Louis Hector Maréchal Duc de, vi. 20 Villate (see La Villate) Villehardouin, Geoffroi de, i. xxiv; vi. 69-70 Villèle, Jean Baptiste Guillaume Marie Anne Séraphin Joseph Comte de, i. 37, 97, 124; iv. 13-17, 26-30, 51, 59, 61-62, 85-86, 91, 95, 97-101, 111, 117, 124-125, 131-132, 135-144, 217; v. 68, 82, 88, 180, 303-304, 361, 415-416; vi. 136 Villemain, Abel François, ii. 133; iv. 259-261; v. 29, 86, 260, 263; vi. 257 Villemarest, Charles Maxime de, ii. 251 Villeneuve, Pierre, i. 193-194 Villeneuve, the Vicomte de Chateaubriand's nurse, i. 19, 23, 28, 30-31, 34, 93, 193 Villeneuve, Pons Louis François Marquis de, v. 340 Villeneuve (see also Pélion de Villeneuve) Villeneuve-Bargemont, Alban de, v. 245 Villeneuve-Bargemont, Dame de, v. 245 Villeroi, François de Neufville, Maréchal Duc de, iii. 197-198; v. 403 Villeroi, Nicolas de Neufville, Seigneur de, v. 50, 55 Villette, Charles Michel Marquis de, i. 167-178 Villette, Reine Philiberte Roupt de Varicourt, Marquise de, i. 167-168 Villette, Demoiselle de, i. 178 Villo, Gonzalo, i. 196 Vincent, Baron von, iii. 158, 163 Vincent, General, v. 107 Vincent of Paul, Saint, v. 315 Vinci, Leonardo da, iv. 239; v. 26; vi. 59 Vintimille, Pauline Félicité de Mailly-Nesle, Comtesse de, ii. 297-298 Vintimille du Luc, née de La Live de Jully, Comtesse de, ii. 172-173, 191, 296; iii. 21 Viot (see Bourdic) Virgil, Publius Virgilius Maro, known as, i. 24, 84, 195, 201, 249; ii. 89, 97, 124, 202; iii. 27, 108, 214; iv. 185, 258, 284; v. 57, 63, 229, 286, 326-327; vi. 79, 158, 237 Virginia, iii. 53 Virginie, the Comtesse de Caud's maid, ii. 316-317 Virginius, iii. 53 Violet, the dancing-master, i. 218-220; ii. 70 Visconti, Cavaliere Filippo Aureliano, iv. 298 Vitellius, the Emperor, i. 158; iv. 241 Vitré, Baron of, i. 9 Vitrolles, Eugène François Auguste d'Armand, Baron de, iii. 55, 112; iv. 16; v. 111, 113-114 Vitrolles, Baronne de, iii. 141 Vitry, Philippe de, vi. 200 Vittoria, Baldomero Espartero, Duque de, iii. 221 Viviers (see Du Viviers) Voltaire, François Marie Arouet, known as de, i. 4, 18, 27, 97, 99, 167; ii. 63, 104, 106, 119, 135, 166, 172, 180, 184, 186, 331; iii. 33, 127; iv. 32, 38, 44, 47, 58, 122, 150, 248, 253; v. 203-204, 208, 300; vi. 1-2, 6, 9, 41, 47, 90, 100-101, 202 Voss, Fräulein, iv. 38 W Wace, Robert, i. 39; ii. 62 Wagram, Alexandre Berthier, Maréchal Duc de Valangin, Prince of Neuchâtel, Duc de, ii. 273; iii. 91, 98; iv. 107, 256; vi. 11 Wahlstadt, Gebhart Leberecht von Blücher, Field-marshal Prince von, iii. 49, 162, 186; iv. 75 Waldburg, Friedrich Ludwig Count Truchsess von, iii. 78-85, 87 Waldeck, Prince Christian Augustus of, ii. 40, 42, 44, 49-51 Waldeck, Prince George Frederic of, iii. 162 Waldor, Mélanie Villenave, Dame, vi. 174 Wales, known as the Black Prince, Edward Prince of, ii. 46; iii. 193 Walewska, later Comtesse d'Ornano, Maria Laczinska, Countess Walewice, iii. 109 Walewski, Alexandre Florian Joseph de Colonna, Comte, later Duc de, iii. 109 Walewski, Anastasius Colonna, Count Walewice, iii. 109 Wallenstein, Duke of Friedland, Mecklemburg and Sagan, Albrecht Eusebius von, v. 354-355, 383; vi. 4-5 Wallenstein, Thekla von, vi. 4 Walpole (see Orford) Walsh, Édouard Vicomte, vi. 192 Ward, Dr., ii. 280 Warsaw, Ivan Paskevitch, Fieldmarshal Prince of, iv. 267 Warville (see Boissot de Warville) Warwick, Richard Neville, sixteenth Earl of, v. 336; vi. 187 Washington, President of the United States of America, George, i. xv, 180, 207, 210-214, 217, 251, 255; iii. 187-188, 228; v. 113, 143; vi. 87, 160, 221 Weisse, Christian Hermann, v. 412 Weld, Bishop of Amycla, Thomas Cardinal, v. 358 Wellesley, General Hon. Arthur (see Wellington) Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Fieldmarshal first Duke of, i. 188; ii. 69, 79,134; iii. 79, 136-137, 146, 158, 160, 162-164, 166, 178, 180, 190, 223-224; iv. 71, 76, 89, 91-92, 204-205; v. 360; vi. 134 Wenceslaus VI. King of Bohemia, the Emperor, v. 388 Wendel, Clara, v. 289 Wentworth, Judith Noel, Viscountess, ii. 136 Werther, Karl Anton Philpp Baron von, v. 146 Werther, Wilhelm Baron von, v. 146 Westmoreland, John Fane, tenth Earl of, i. 188; iv. 80 Wheler, Sir George, iv. 247 Whitbread, Samuel, ii. 143 Whitelocke, Bulstrode, ii. 122 Wignacourt, Antoine Louis, Marquis de, i. 50 Wilberforce, William, ii. 143 Wilhelmina of Prussia, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Sophia, iv. 38; vi. 6 William I. Count of Apulia, iv. 185 William II. Duke of Apulia, iv. 186 William of Bavaria, Duke of Birkenfeld, iii. 91 William I. Duke of Normandy, King of England, i. 257; ii. 62, 137; iv. 58, 109; v. 175 William III. King of Great Britain and Ireland, Stadtholder of the Netherlands, iv. 93 William IV. King of Great Britain, Ireland and Hanover, iv. 33, 281 William I. Elector of Hesse-Cassel, William IX. Landgrave, later, iv. 57 William Duke of Mantua, vi. 84 William I. King of the Netherlands, William Prince of Orange, later, iii. 163; iv. 162, 164, 237; v. 226, 323; vi. 115 William II. King of the Netherlands, iii. 163; v. 323 William V. Stadtholder of the Netherlands, iv. 270 William I. King of Prussia, German Emperor, iv. 33, 271 William I. King of Wurtemberg, v. 41, 329 William of Prussia, Amelia Marianne of Hesse-Homburg, Princess, iv. 41, 49 Willoughby de Eresby (see Gwydyr) Wilson, Sir Robert Thomas, iii. 110, 190 Wilson, Alexander, i. 253 Wimpfen, Louis Félix Baron de, ii. 40 Windsor, William de, ii. 138 Witt, Grand Pensionary of Holland, Jan de, v. 51 Witt, Cornelis de, v. 51 Wolfe, General James, i. 224; ii. 107; vi. 202 Wordsworth, William, ii. 128 Wrangham, Archdeacon Francis, iii. 23 Wright, the inn-keeper, i. 185 Wyclif, John, v. 388 X Xenophon, v. 56 Ximenes, Archbishop of Toledo, Francisco Cardinal, v. 51 Y York, Henry Cardinal of (see Henry IX. King of England, Scotland and Ireland) York, Richard Duke of, ii. 75 York and Albany, Bishop of Osnaburg, Frederick Duke of, ii. 68, 79; iv. 77, 79 Young, Arthur, ii. 131 Z Zagarolo, Margherita Gioeni-Colonna, Principessa Rospigliosi, Duchessa di, iv. 256 Zampieri (see Domenichino) "Zanze," Angelica Brollo, known as, vi. 56-57, 77, 105-112, 118 Zarviska, the poet, iv. 179-180 Zeno, ii. 136 Zeuxis, vi. 57 Zimmer, "Colonel," v. 112-113 Zuccaro, Taddeo, iv. 241 Zulietta, the Venetian courtezan, vi. 70-72, 74 Zuñiga (see Ercilla y Zuñiga) Zurla, Placido Cardinal, v. 8, 23; vi. 100