GLOSSARY OF OBSOLETE ENGLISH TERMS AND WORDS OCCURRING IN THE ANCIENT TEXTS OF "THE MASTER OF GAME" AND IN APPENDIX.

A B C D E F G H I

J K L M N O P Q R

S T U V W X Y Z

Abai, abay, being at bay, 29, 118

Acharneth, acharne, to set on, to eat flesh, 59, 60, 62

Achauf, heat, 38, 98

Acquiller, enquiller, to rouse animals of the chase with hounds, App.

Aferaunt, the haunch, 38

Affeted, fashioned, trained, 27, 141

Aforce, par force, by force, App.

Aiguillounce, thorny

Akelid, cooled, 186

Akire, Akkerne, acorns, 144

Alauntis, alauntz, alond, allans or allauntes, a large hound, 3, 116-8

Alvelue, covered with fleece, fat or woolly substance, App.

Analed, for avaled, hanging down, 114

Anceps, haussepied, a snare which caught the game by the foot and lifted it into the air, 61

Anches, rosemary

Apel, French hunting-note, App.

Aperyng, stoned, the roughness of antlers, 143

Apparaille, dressed venison

Arbitten, bitten, devoured

Arblast, cross-bow, 27

Areche, reach, 60

Arere, arrière, behind, back there, 182, App.

Areyn, spider, 137

Areyn, rain, 157

Arracher, to tear out; a term used for skinning certain animals, App.

Asaute, saute, in heat, 64, 66

Ascriethe, ascrie, to rate, shout at, to scold, 63, 74, 170

Assaien, try or test, 88

Assaye, essay, to try; taking assay, to see by a cut the thickness of the fat, App.

Assise, note on hunting-horn blown at death of stag which has been hunted by staghounds, App.

Asterte, escape

Astifled, inflammation in the stifle-joint, 103

Astried, rated, shouted at, 170

Athrest, thrust or push, 106

Atte fulle, when the stag's antlers show a certain number of tines, App.

Attire, the stag's antlers, App.

Aualed, availed, hanging down, 106, 114

Auerille, Avrille, April, 30

Auntelere, auntiller, aunculer, antler, 130, 140

Auntred, ventured, 28

Avaunt, auaunt, a hunting cry, "Forward," 182

Avauntellay, relay of hounds

Avayl, avail, profit, 13, 31

Avenaud, approachable

Avenery, oats

Avised, aware of, warned, informed, advised, cautious

Avoy, a hunting cry, probably from "Away," App.

Bace, for Luce, a pike

Baffers, barkers, 120

Bake, back

Balista, balesta, cross-bow, haronsblast, 27

Balowe, bellow, roaring of a stag

Bandrike, baldric, belt to which horn was fastened, 128, 140

Barateur, quarreller

Barbouris, barbers

Bareyn, barren, 35

Basco, Basque, Biscay, 106

Batyd, bruised, sore, 98

Batyng, bating

Baudes, baubles, trifles, 83

Beam, the main part of the stag's antlers, 142

Beendyng, bending

Beerners, berners, attendant on hounds, 148, 165

Beestale, bestaile, beasts, cattle, 36, 61

Beestis, beasts, App.

Bellen, belowyn, belerve, belowen, bellow or roar, 160

Beluez, velvet, 26

Beme, beam; also trumpet

Benes, beans, 26

Bercel, a mark to shoot at, App.

Bercelet, berslettis, barcelette, a shooting-dog used by archers, 122

Beries, burrows, earth of fox and badger, 67, 68

Beryed, buried

Berying, bearing, breaking, 136

Bestis of the Chace, beasts of the chase, usually fallow deer, roe-deer, fox, martin, 3

Bestis of Vénerie, beasts of venery, usually the hart, hare, boar, and wolf, 3

Bevy, a number of roe-deer together, App.

Bevygrease, the fat of the roe-deer, App.

Bewellis, bawaylles, bawellis, bowels

Billetings, the excrements of the fox, App.

Bisses, bises, bisches, red-deer hinds

Bisshunters, fur-hunters, 74

Bitte, bitten, taken, 17, 186

Blenches, marks, tricks, deceits, 159

Bocherie, butchery, 116

Bokeying, the rut of the roe-deer, 41

Boln, bolk, bolne, bellow or bark, 39, 162

Boochers houndis, butchers' dogs, 118

Boole, bull, 118

Boones, bones, stag's foot

Boonys, bones, 131

Boordcloth, table-cloth, 164

Boordes, boards

Booris, boars, 143

Boost, boast

Botches, booches, sores, 63

Botirflies, butterflies, 66

Bounte, bounty, goodness, 79

Bouyes, boughs, App.

Bowis, bowes, boughs, 137, 153

Brach, brache, a scenting-hound; later on it meant bitches

Brachetus, a hound for hunting, 22

Braconier, the man who held the hounds

Brayne, breyn, brain, 176

Brede, breadth

Brede, broad, 138

Breke, brook, break; also applied to dress a deer

Bremed, burnt, 112

Brent, burnt, 79

Breres, briars, 93

Brigilla, mildew, 96

Brimming, bremyng, be in heat, said of boar; the word breme, bryme, or brim, valiant-spirited, 47

Broacher, a red-deer stag of second year, App.

Brocard, a roebuck of the third year and upwards, App.

Brock, badger, App.

Brokes, brooches, broaches, the first head of a red-deer stag, and of roebuck, 45

Broket, brocket, young stag, 29

Broket's sister, hind in the second year, App.

Brond, proud, 46

Buche, byches, bitch

Bugle, buffalo; also horn for sounding hunting signals, App.

Bukkes, bukes, buckes, bucks

Bukmast, beechmast, App.

Bulloke, young stag in second year, 29

Burnysshen, burnish, to rub the antlers when the velvet is off, 134

Burr, the lowest part of the stag's antlers

Caboche, to cut off the hart's head near the antlers, 176

Calf, calfe, the young stag in his first year

Camamyle, camomile, 95

Campestris, beast of the field or chase—i.e. buck, doe, fox, martin, and roe-deer

Candlemas, February 2

Caraynes, carreyns, karin, carrion, carcase, 62, 77

Cardiac, cardryacle, a disease of the heart, 34

Carres, marshes, 45

Case to, stripping or skinning the hare, App.

Catapucia, spurge (Euphorbia resinifera), 101

Catt, catte, cattys, cat, App.

Cautelous, cautels, cautious, crafty, 45

Cete, a number of badgers

Chaceable, chaseable, a hert chaseable, which is now called a warrantable stag, one fit to be hunted

Chacechiens, grooms in attendance on hounds, 148, 177

Chalaunge, challenge

Chase, forest; also used to designate a method of hunting, and also a hunting-party

Chasse, a French hunting-note

Chastised, trained, 189

Chater, chacer (rechater, recheat), a horn signal; also to chastise hounds

Chaufed, achaufed, heated, in heat, 49, 98

Chaule, chaulis, chavel, jaw, 170

Chaunge, change, 31, 108, 111

Cheere, chere, cherish, welcome, 85

Cheveraus, roe-deer

Chibollis, chives, 90

Childermas, Innocents' Day (December 28)

Chis, dainty, 83

Chivaucher, chevaucher, to ride

Chymer, riding-cloak

Chymneyis, chimney, 98, 126

Clees, clawes, the "toes" of a deer's foot, 77, 80, 131

Cleeves, sur or dew cleeves at the back of a deer's fetlock

Cleped, clepyd, called, 59, 140

Clere speres, clear spires, woods, App.

Clicqueting, vixen fox when in heat, App.

Clistre, enema, 100

Coddes, testicles of the hart

Coiting stone, a quoit

Colers, coliers places, collier or charcoal pits, 26

Concilida maior, comfrey (Symphytum officinale), 98

Concilida minor, prunella, selfheal (Prunella vulgaris), 98

Coninger, conigree, rabbit warren, App.

Contre, counter, back, heel

Contre, country, 36

Controugle, contreongle, hunt counter, hunt heel, 150

Conynge, rabbit, 18

Coolwort, cabbage, 100

Copeis, copis, coppice, 155

Corner, corneer, horn blower

Cotes, quoits, 178

Couch, the resting-place of game; also hound's bed

Couchers, setters, 120

Couertts, covert, shelter

Counterfeet, countfeit, abnormal, 28, 142

Courser, cursar, curser, swift horse

Couthen, conthen, couth, knew, to be able, ob. could, 2

Cowe, cow, also tail, from queue

Crie, cry (of hounds), 65

Croches, the upper tines of a deer's horns; called also troches

Croise, cross, 150

Crokes, stomach (of red-deer)

Crokyng, crooked, curved, 128

Crommes, crumbs

Cronen, groan, the roar of the stag

Cross to, to dislodge roe-deer by hounds

Crotethe, voiding excrements, 29

Crotey, crotils, crotisen, crotisings, excrements, 16, 29, 30, 133

Cuer, coer, heart

Cuir, quir, leather, hide

Curée, cure, rewarding the hounds (also kyrre and guyrre), 7, 29, 52, 208

Curres, currys, curs

Curtaise, courteous, 115

Daungere, danger, 161

Dedis, deeds, 49

Dedut, deudiz, deduiz, déduit, pleasure pursuit, sport

Defaute, defaunt, lack, default, 84, 140

Defet, deffeten, opening or undoing the boar and removing the entrails

Defoile, track, 150

Delyuere, deliver, active, 124

Depiled, stripped of hair

Desfaire, undoing (brittling) of deer or boar, App.

Despitous, despytous, despiteful, furious, 49

Desterere, destrier, horse

Detourner (le cerf), to harbour the hart, App.

Deyeng, doing

Deym, deyme, daine, dine, fallow-deer

Dislaue, wild, 159

Dissese, disease

Doo, doe

Down, or huske, a number of hares, App.

Dragmes, drachms

Dreynt, drowned

Drit, dritt, excrements of animals called "stinking beasts," also mud, 50, 66

Dryen, dry, 102

Dryue, driven, 128

Dryve, made

Dune, donn, dun

Dure, to last, endure, 43

Dyette, diet

Earth, a fox and badger's lodging-place, App.

Edight, done, set in order

Eelde, old age, 123

Eendis, ends

Eeren, hairs, 44

Eerys, eres, ears

Egre, eager, 115

Eireres, harriers, 190

Ellis, else, 90

Emelle, emel, female, 41

Empaumure, the croches or top tines of a stag's antlers, App.

Enbrowed, brewed, soaked, 177

Enchace, to hunt, 108

Encharnyng, blooding, feeding on flesh, 113

Enchasez, moving deer, &c., with a limer, App.

Encorne, to place a dead stag on his back, the antlers on the ground underneath the shoulders, 174

Enfourmed, informed

Engleymed, glutinous, 29

Enosed, a bone in the throat, 87

Enpeshed, prevented, 11

Enquest, hunt, 182

Enquiller, rousing a buck with hounds, App.

Enquyrid, enqueyrreide, blooding hounds after death of deer; also rewarding of hounds, 173

Ensaumple, example, 79

Entente, intent

Entrying, entering, beginning of

Entryngis, entering, beginning of, 35

Envoise, envoyse, O. F. envoisse, to leave the line, or overshoot the line of the animal hunted, 31, 108, 170

Erbis, herbs

Eres of roebuck, "target," 44

Ergots, argus, claws of boar, buck and doe; those of the boar were sometimes called gardes, 130, 144

Eris, eres, ars, anus, hinder parts; ears, occasionally thus spelt, 89, 95, 106, 116

Erthe, earth

Escorcher, estorcher, flaying deer, and other beasts of venery, App.

Espaules, shoulders

Espayard, spayard, spayer, stag of the third year, App.

Essemble, assembly, 150

Establie, stand occupied by sportsmen; also beaters

Estoracis calamita, storax, resin, 96

Esye, easy

Etawed, tanned

Etyn, itvn, eat

Euenyngis, evening, 11

Euerychone, everichon, each one, every one, 163

Euille, euell, evil, wicked, bad, 6

Evoised, at fault, or off the line

Expedite, to maim dogs by cutting off some of their claws

Eyne, eygh, eynen, eye, 116

Eyre, air

Facon, faucon, falcon, 121

Fadir, fadere, father, 105

Fadmys, fadoms, fathoms, 125

Farowe, farewyn, pharowyn, farrow, bringing forth young pig, 47, 48, 68

Farsyn, farsine, farcy, 69, 92

Fasson, fassion, fashion

Faund, fawned

Faus, false

Fausmanche, false sleeve

Faut, fault

Fechewe, fitchew, polecat

Feeldes, fields, 158

Feerne, fern

Felaues, fellows

fele, many; also sensible, feeling

Felle, fierce, cruel, treacherous

Felle, fele, wise, sensible, feeling; also cunning, 30, 115

Felnesse, cruelty, fierceness, 71

Femellis, females

Fencemonth, the month when deer had their young and were left undisturbed, App.

Fermyd, firm, 162

Ferre, far, 16

Ferrettis, ferrets, 72

Ferrtest, farthest

Fers, fierce, 47

Fersliche, fiercely, 86

Fesawnt, pheasant

Feueryere, February

Fewes, fewte, track, trace, foot. Some animals were called of the sweet foot, others of the stinking foot, 10. See Appendix.

Fewterer, feutreres, dewtrees, man who leads greyhounds, 129

Fiants, also Lesses, excrements of the wild boar, App.

Fistoles, fistula, 92

Fixen, vixen, O. G. fuchsen, 64

Flay, flean, flene, to skin deer and certain other game, 174

Flayssh, flesh, 5

Flux, dysentery

Foillyng, stag going downstream when hunted, 32, 173

Folies, foly, folly, lesser deer, not hart or buck, 196

Foltisch, foolish, 45

Foorme, forme, fourme, form of the hare, 14, 17

Foragle, strangle, straggle

Forche, fourched, forked, said of stag's antlers, 140, 177

Forloyne, forlogne, forlonge, a note sounded on the horn, to denote that the quarry or hounds or both had distanced the hunters, 173

Forsters, foresters, 148

Forswong, M. E. Forswinger, bruised, beaten (tucked up), 88

Fort, the thick part of woods

Forun, forewarn, 148

Fotyde, footed

Fouaill, the reward given to the hounds after a boar hunt, consisting of the bowels cooked over a fire, App.

Foumart, faulmart, folmert, polecat

Fowtreres, fewterers, huntsmen who led greyhounds, slippers

Foxen, ffixen, A. S. fixen—vixen, a bitch fox, 64

Foyne, weasel

Fraied, rubbed, 135

Fray, frighten, scare, 149

Fray, to rub off the velvet on stag's antlers, 26, 135

Fraying-post, the tree against which it was done

Freyn, excrements of the wild boar, App.

Froot, frotid, rub, 53, 94, 95, 146

Fuants, excrements of the fox, martin, badger, and wolf, App.

Fues, track, line, 18, 31

Fumes, fumee, fumagen, fimeshen, fewmets, femegen, fewmishings, excrements, droppings, particularly of deer, 9, 16, 38, 39, 133

Furkie, pieces of venison hung on a fork-shaped stick

Furrour, fur, Fr. fourrure, 63

Futaie, futelaie, forest, wood of old trees, also plantation of beech-trees, App.

Fynders, finders, hounds to start or find deer, 161, 165

Gaderynge, gaderyng, gathering, meet, 156, 163

Gadire, gather, 43

Gar, to force, to compel, 39

Gardes, the dew-claws of the wild boar

Garsed, cupped, 90

Gin, gynne, trap, snare

Girle, the roebuck in the second year, App.

Gise, guise, manner of

Gladnesse, a glade, a clear space, 137

Glaundres, glanders, 96

Glemyng, gleyming, slime, stickiness, 133

Gloteny, gluttony

Gnappe, snap, 92

Gobettes, small pieces, 81, 177

Goot, goat

Gorgeaunt, wild boar in his second year

Goters, gootere, goutieres, gutters, the small grooves in the antlers of a stag, 143

Graunt sour, stag of fifth year

Grauyll, gravel, 143

Grease, grece, the fat of certain animals, 25, 27, 49

Grease-time, the season of hart and buck when they were fattest, 160

Greater, of the, term used in counting the tines of a stag's antlers, App.

Grede, seek, hunt, 183

Gres, upper tusks of wild boar, grinders, 50

Gressoppes, grasshoppers, 66

Grete, greet, great, 13

Greue, grieve, harass, injure, 45

Grey, badger, 68

Grovys, grooves

Gustumes, customs, 4

Guttes, guts

Guyen, gueyne, Guienne

Guyrreis, quarry (curée), 105

Gynnes, gynes, gins, traps, ruses, wiles, tricks, 35, 73

Gynnously, by stratagem or ingenuity, 15, 39, 43, 59

Haies, hayes, nets, hedges, 74

Hallow, the reward given to the hounds at the death

Halowe, halloa, App.

Hamylons, the wiles of a fox

Harbour, herborowe, harboure, harborow, to track a hart to his lair, 29

Harbourer, man who harbours the deer, 130, 148

Hardiethe, herds with

Hardle, herdle, herdel, harling, hardel, fasten or couple hounds together, also to fasten the four legs of a roebuck together, 45, 190

Hardy, bold, courageous

Haris, hares, 17

Harnays, herneis, harness, appurtenances, arms, &c., 60

Haronsblast, a crossbow, from O.F. Arcbaleste, 27

Harowde, herald, 139

Harthound, herthound, hound used to chase the stag

Hast, haste

Hastilettiz, the dividing of the wild boar into thirty-two pieces

Hatt, hath

Hatte, thicket, 118

Haukes, hawks, 120

Haukyng, hawking

Hauntelers, antlers, App.

Hauspee, haussepee, a trap; also a siege engine, 61

Hayter, harrier, App.

Hearse, also Broket's sister, a red-deer hind in her second year, App.

Heddyd, headed

Heere, hair, 27

Heghes, hocks

Heirers, harriers, 111

Hele, helthe, health

Helyn, heal, 127

Hemule, hemuse, heymuse, roebuck in the third year

Hendis, red-deer hind, 130

Her, hear

Herbis, herbs, 14

Herborowe. See Harbour

Herdle, to dress a roebuck

Herneis, harness. See Harnays, also Appendix

Heroun, heron, 1

Hert, heart; also stag, 23, 34

Hertis, harts, stags, 130

Hidre, hinder

Highten, called, named, 148, 182

Hire, her, 19

Hoggaster, wild boar in his third year, App.

Hokkes, hoghes, houghs, hocks, 99, 114

Hookes, hooks, first teeth of wolf and dog, 56, 83

Hoot (Be), promised, 79

Hoote, hot, 32

Hopeland, hopoland, houppeland, a long surcoat or gownlike garment

Hoppyn, hoping

Horred, hairy, 106

Hos, hoarse, 66

Houe, hoof

Hough, howff, houff, a haunt, a resort, used especially for the holt, or dwelling-place of an otter, App.

Houndis, hundes, hounds; also hands, 1

Hounger, hunger

Hounter, hunter

Howlyn, howl

Hoxtide, feast fifteen days after Easter, App.

Huske, a number of hares, App.

Iboyled, boiled

Iclepid, called, 105, 144

Ileyn, lain, 136

Illoeques, illeoqs, here in this place, 183, 234

Ilost, lost

Imakyd, made, 137

Imeyngid, mingled, 102

Imprime, unharbouring a hart

Ingwere, inquere, inquire or seek, 151

Ipressid, pressed, 136

Ireeyned, rained, 157

Iren, iron, 90

Irenged, arranged, 142

Ironged, ranged

Iroos, iris, 93

Ispaide, spayed, castrated; also to kill with a sword. See Spay

Istamped, stamped, crushed, 93

Istered, stirred, 91

Itawed, tawed, tanned, 126

Ithrest, thrust, pushe, 136

Itred, trodden

Itynded, tined, 142

Iweryd, worn, 147

Iweted, wetted, moistened, 97

Iwrethede, wreathed, 133

Jangelere, jangler, 124

Jannere, January

Jawle, jaw, 50

Jengeleth, jangeleth, said of a noisy hound, 110

Jolly, a bitch in heat, 54, 58

Jopey, juppey, to holloa, to cry out, to call, 171, 234

Juge, jugge, judge

Juggementz, judgments, 130

Juill, July

Juin, June

Jus, juice

Jweryd, worn

Kareynes, carrion, 48, 58, 68

Kele, cool, 91

Kembe, comb, 127

Kennettis, kenet, a small hunting hound, 111

Kepyn, keeping

Kerre, kirre, kyrre, cure, curée, quarry, reward of hounds. See Curée

Keuere, cover, 65

Keuered, covered, 80

Kitte, to cut, sharp, 95

Kittyng, cutting, 50

Knobber, stag in second year or broket, App.

Knyff, knife, 90

Kounyngly, cunningly; also wisely

Kunne, ken, to know, to be able, 15

Kyde, roebuck in first year

Kyen, kine, cattle, 120

Kylleic, Welsh for grease time

Kyndeleth, bring forth (said of the hare), 181

Kyndels, young hare, 19

Kyndely, naturally, M. E. kindely, kendeliche, cundeliche

Kynningly, cunningly

Kytons, kyttons, kittens, 71

Labelles, small flaps, 174

Ladde, led

Ladil, ladle

Laies, pools, lakes

Lair, the resting-place of the various kinds of deer, 10

Lammas, Lammasse, August 1, 2

Lammasse of Peter Apostull, June 29

Lappe, lap, 158

Lasse, less, smaller

Launcet, lancet

Laundes, Londes, wild uncultivated land, 36

Lavey, unrestrained, wild, 111

Leather, the skin of deer and of the wild boar, App.

Leches, leeches, doctor or surgeon, 12

Leder, leather, 126

Lefrer, levrier, greyhound

Left, last, or live

Legges, legs

Leie, lair

Leire, river Loire in France, 77

Leires, lair, bed of a stag, 136

Leith, layeth

Lekes, leeks, 90

Lernyd, learned, taught

Lese, leash, 59

Leseth, loseth, 52

Less, of the, term used in counting the tines, App.

Lesses, Fr. laissées, excrements of boar and wolves, 139, 146

Lesshe, lesse, lesche, leash, 140

Lesshes, lesses, inferiors, 189

Lesyng, loosing, 119

Lette, hindered, 51, 163

Leuere, leaver, rather, sooner

Leurettis, leverets, 19

Leuve, leave, 31

Leuys, leues, leaves, 138

Levir, leaver, rather

Levrier, a hare hound

Liam, lyam, rope by which the limer was held

Libard, leopard, 70

Liff, life, 31

Liflode, lyvelode, livelihood, 59

Ligging, lygging, lair, resting-place, 24, 71, 149, 191

Lippis, lips

Litere, litter

Logges, lodges, 190

Londe, land, 75

Louen, love

Loupes corryners (loup cerviers), lynx; occasionally it was probably applied to the wolverine, 70

Lowre, laugh, 81

Luce, pike, 113

Lyff, life

Lymer, a tracking hound on a leash, 31, 38, 152, 157, 167-9, 235

Lymmes, limbs

Lymner, lymerer, limerer, man who leads hounds on a leash, 148, 166, 235

Lymnere, used both for man and hound, App.

Lynsed, linseed, 104

Lyoun, lion

Lythis, lightis, lungs

Lyven, lyuen, live

Maistives, mastif, mastiff

Maistris, masters

Malemort, glanders, 96

Malencolious, melancholy

Malice, cunning, 34

Mamewe, mamunesre, mameue, mauewe, mange, 90, 91

Manesseth, threatening, 51

Mannys, man's, 151

Marches, district, 19

Marie, marrow

Marrubium album, white horehound (Marrubium vulgare), 101

Martryn, martin, 73

Mary Magdalene day, July 22nd, 26

Mascle, masche, male, 67

Mastin, a hound used for boar-hunting, a mongrel

Matere, matter

Mayned, maimed, bitten

Mayntyn, maintain

Maystif, mastif, mestifis, mastowe, mastiff, 118, 122, App.

Maystre, maistrie, maistrice, maystry, mastery, skill, 71, 107

Meche, big, 113

Mede, meadow, 163

Medle, medel, mix, 91

Mene, lesser, small, 128

Menee, mennee, note sounded on a horn; also the baying of a hound hunting, 171, 179

Meng, menge, mingle, 102

Merrein, the main beam of a stag's antlers, App.

Mervaile, marvel

Merveiliost, most marvellous, 181

Merveillous, merueylous, marvellous

Mestifis, mastifs, 118, 122

Metis, meats

Metyng, metyngis, meet, meeting, 148

Metynge, metyng, feeding or pasture of deer, 9, 25, 34, 152

Meue, mew, meve, move, start, shed, 26, 42, 166

Meule, mule, burr, part of the antler, App.

Meute, pack of hounds

Mevethe, meweth, to mew, casts or sheds. See Meue

Mews, house for hawks

Modir, mother, 105

Modirwort, motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca), 101

Monythe, moneth, monethenys, month, 27

Moote, mote, a note or horn signal, App.

Morfound, morfond, to catch cold, glanders, 124

Mornyngis, morning, 7

MORSUS galline, chickweed, 101

Mort, a note sounded on the horn at the death of the hart

Mosel, moselle, muzzle, 77

Mote, moote, a note sounded on the horn, 168, 185

Motying, moving, 150

Mountenance, mountance, extent of, as far as, 21, 101

Moustenesse, moisture, 124

Mow, mowe, mowen, to have power, to be able, 97, 178

Mowse, burr of an antler

Mue, mew, shed antlers, or feathers, molt. See Meue

Mule, meule, burr of a stag's antler, 141

Mute, meute, a pack of hounds

Myche, the assibulated form of mukel, mikl, great, much, 41

Myddes, midst

Myddil, middle

Mynde, memory, 2

Mysiugen, misjudge, 29

Nail, name given to a disease in dogs' eyes, now called Pterygium, 94

Nartheless, natheless, nevertheless, 149

Natyuite, nativity

Nedel, needle, 61

Nekys, neke, neckyd, neck, necked, App.

Nemeth, taketh, 75

Nempe, name, 165

Neres, kidneys

Nesche, neyssh, nessh, soft, tender, moist, 52, 130, 131

Nethir, nether, lower

Nettelis, nettles, 89, 101

Newlich, newly, freshly

Nombles, nomblis, part of the stag's intestines, App.

Noone, no more

Noorche, norshe, norssh, nourish, to bring up, to educate, 56, 58, 80

Noosetherlis, nosethrelles, nostrils, 96, 105

Norture, bringing up, 30

Notis, nuts, 91

Nough, nigh

Noyaunce, annoyance, 163

Nyme, to take, to hold

Okis, oaks, 144

Olyff, olive, 90, 102

Onys, once, 156

Oo, oon, one, 17

Opene, opyn, open (of hounds to give tongue), 108, 155

Or, ere, before, 17

Ordeyne, ordain

Orped, brave, valiant, 107

Os, the dew-claws of the stag and hind, App.

Oscorbin (os corbin), a small bone in the stag's body given to the crows, App.

Ostoraces calamynt, storax or resin, 96

Otyr, otere, otter, 72-4

Ouerjawes, upper jaws, 176

Ouersette, overcome, 60, 66

Ouerwherte, athwart, 87

Ourshette, overshoot, 159

Ouyr, over

Oweth, owen, ought

Owrers, harriers

Oye, eye, 157

Oyle, oil, 102

Paas, piz, chest, 114

Paas, pace, to walk slowly

Pace, slot, track of stag, 132

Pamed, palmated

Parasceve, Parasseue, Good Friday

Parfiters, parfitors, parfitours, parfyteiros, the third or last relay of hounds 7, 10

Partel, a part of portion

Parteyneth, appertaineth

Partie, part

Pase, pace, to step slowly, 130

Pearls, the excrescences on the stag's antlers, App.

Pece, piece

Peechtre, peochetre, peachtree, 102

Pel, Fr. peau, skin

Percel, parsley, 101

Perche, the main beam of the stag's antler, App.

Perfite, perfeet, perfit, perfect; also note sounded on the horn, 174

Peritorie, wall pellitory (Parietaria), 101

Pesen, peas, 26

Peseth, paceth, 149

Peyn, pain

Pierrures, "pearls" or excrescences on the stag's antlers

Pilches, pelisse, a coat of skin or fur, 63

Playn contre, clear open country, 19, 65

Playnes, plains

Playstire, plaster

Plecke, plek, pleck, plecca, piece of ground, place, 183

Pleyn, pleyneth, complain, lament, 51

Pleyn, playneth, pleignen, Fr. pleigner, complain, lament

Pointyng, pointing, track of hare

Polcattes, polecats, 73

Pomeled, mottled, dappled, spotted, 45

Poonde, poon, pond

Poort, parts, behaviour, manners, 4

Popy, puppy

Porche. See Perche

Pouere, pouer, power, 164

Pouture, keep, food, used in connection with hounds

Poynted, painted

Preef, proof, 88

Prees, press, crowd, 118

Preuyd, proved, 90

Preuyli, priuyli, privily, 149

Price, prise, priee, take, capture

Pricket, priket, the fallow buck in his second year, App.

Prik, prick, to hunt, 116

Prikherid curris, rough-coated curs, App.

Prikkyng, pricking, footprint of hare, App.

Prime, noon (hie prime), midday

Prise, prize, pryce, a horn signal blown in France for the buck, in England for the hart and buck after the kill, 175

Prive, tame

Procatours, proctors, 195

Profiteness, perfectness, 2

Pulegrun, pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium), 20

Pulleth, poileth, take the hair off, Fr. poiler, 90

Pursnettis, purse-nets, 67

Purueaunce, perseverance, 80

Puttes, pits

Pyche, pitch

Pyles, piles, the skin of the boar, wolf, and smaller animals

Pynsours, pincers, 98

Quales, quails, 119

Quarry, the reward given to the hounds. See Curée, App.

Quat, couched, lying down, used for deer, 172

Quattell, to quat, to squat, to crouch, to lie down, App.

Questy, Quest, to hunt, to give tongue, 110, 130, 155

Quyere, quyrre, quir, quare, curée, quarry for hounds, reward, App.

Quyk, euelis, Quickevil, a disease of hounds

Quyrrcis, reward given to hounds. See Curée, App.

Racches, hounds, 3, 74, 167

Rage, madness

Ragerunet, ragemuet, dumb madness, 86

Rascaile, rascayle, raskaile, lean deer; any deer under ten was usually called rascal, 7, 25, 150, 193

Raveyn, prey, rapine, 57, 60

Real, reall, a tine (in France, the bay) on the stag's antler

Reame, reaume, realm, 78

Rear to, to dislodge a wild boar, App.

Rebelly, rebellious, unruly, 191

Rechase, recheat, sound a note on the horn, to call back the hounds by sound of horn, also to put them on the right scent, 168, 178, 191-8, App.

Reche, to reck, to care, 57, 131

Recheless, reckless

Recopes, recoupling, 179

Refraied, refreide, refrected, chilled, cooled, 47, 99

Reies, nets, App.

Relaies, relays (of hounds), 165

Releved, Fr. relever, said of the hare rising from her form to go to her pasture, 14, 183

Relie, relye, rally, 167

Remeuve, remeyid, removed

Rennen, rained, rains

Rennyng, renneth, running

Renouet, renovel, Fr. renouveler, to renew, 48

Resceyued, received

Reseeyuour, receiver, a greyhound in front of deer, 198

Reseityng, reseating

Resouns, resouns, resons, reasons, 6

Restif, quiet, restive, unwilling to go or to move forward, 109

Restreyed, restrained, held back, 109

Retreved, retrieved, 29

Reuere, revere, river

Rewe, rue, 90

Rewe, row, 193

Rewle, rule, 55

Rewme, Fr. rhume, a cold, 96

Reyne, rain, 21

Reyndere, reindeer

Reyson, reyse, raising, raise, 29

Rialle, rial, royal, also tine of stag's antlers, 28, 140

Ridingtime, redengtime, bucking time of the hare, 20

Rig, ragge, backbone, App.

Riot, 74, App.

Roches, rokkes, rocks, 26

Rodes, rods

Rotelyng, rattling, 162

Roungeth, Fr. ronger, chews the cud, 181, App.

Rouse to, rowze, rouse, to dislodge buck or doe, App.

Rout, a number of wolves, 62

Routes, synonymous with slot, line of deer, 132

Royal, a tine, sometimes the trez tine (see Rialle), 28, 140

Ruettis, horn or trumpet, 128

Rusyng, rusing, 31, 45, 173

Rutsomtime, rutson, rutte, rutting time of deer, 24, 109

Ryges, back, haunches, 17

Ryghtes, rights, a stag's rights, three lower tines of antlers; a hound was in his "rights" when hunting line, 174

Ryot, noise, 121

Ryuere, reuere, river, 77

Saynolfes, spaynels, spaniels, 119

Scantilonn, measure, 150, 165

Scombre, scombere (stercoro in MS. Bod. 546), voiding excrements, 100, 127

Scomfited, discomfited, 82

Seat, the form of a hare, 16

Seche, seek

Sechyng, sekyng, seeking, 110

Seegh, seghe, saw, 13

Seeld, seelden, seldom, 181

Selidoyn, celandine, 94

Semblaunt, semblance, pretence, 16

Semble, assembly or meet, 9

Semoly, seemly, 75

Sengler, wild boar (Sanglier)

Sens, incense, 96

Sentyn, scent

Serchyng, searching, 6, 29

Sergeauntis, sergeants, 165

Sesounn, sesoun, seson, season, 29

Sesours, seizers, 114, 117

Sette, set, place, part of forest round which "stables" or stations of men and hounds were placed, 149, 189

Sewe, sue, Fr. suir, hunt, pursue, 150, 161

Sewet, suet, fat of deer

Sewre, swear

Seyn, say, see

Shap, shape

Shapon, shaped

Sheeld, shield, shoulder of a boar, 49

Sheellen, shall

Sheerde, cut, wound, 99

Shent, shamed, disgraced, 79

Sikerli, securely, 159

Singular, the wild boar when he leaves the sounder, App.

Skirtis, skyrtis, the skin and tissue surrounding the stomach

Skulk, a number of foxes, App.

Slawthe, sloth, 5

Slough, lower part of the heart

Slug-hound, a sleuth-hound, a track hound, App.

Slyke, slick, sleek or smooth, 44

Smet, smytten, smitten, 192

Snawe, snow

Soar, a buck in his fourth year

Soepol, wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum), 20

Soile, soule, souille, wallowing pool, soil or mud; "to soil" means when a deer or wild boar takes to water or wallows in it, 37, 50, 144

Soiourne, soiourn, soiournying, sojorn, sojourn, to remain, 98

Solere, upper chamber, 126

Somedele, somewhat

Somere, somer, summer, 45

Sone, soon

Sonne, sunne, sun, 9

Sonne, soune, sound

Sopere, soper, supper, 180

Soppe, soppers, herd of deer, 25

Sorrell, a buck in his third year

Sotelly, subtlety, cleverly

Sotil, sotille, sotilte, subtle, clever, 67, 80, 95

Soule, soile, alone, 168

Sounder, soundre, sundre, a herd of wild boars, 53, 143

Sour, stag of fourth year, the colour of a deer's hide; according to Roquefort, a herd of swine, App.

Sousse, oxide of zinc, 95

Souz-real, souch-real, sur-ryal, sur-antler, a tine of the stag's head, 140, 177, App.

Sowle, soul, 12

Spainel, spaynels, spaniel

Sparhauke, sparrowhawk, 114

Spatell, spittle, 92

Spay, to kill a deer with a sword 10, 174, 258; to castrate, 84, 258

Spayard, spayde, spayer, spycard, the stag in his third year, App.

Spaynel, spaniel, 119

Speies, spires, young wood, 157

Spires, spoyes, stalks, young wood; thick spires means thick wood, 65, 118

Spitous, despiteful, 115

Spraintes, spraytyng, excrements of the otter, 73, 139

Springol, springald, springold, springall, siege engine to throw stones or balks of timber, 23

Stable, stablys, Fr. establie, a post or station of huntsmen and hounds, 188

Staggart, the stag in his fourth year, 29, 131

Stalk, to go softly, creep, "Stalk the deer full still" (used by John Lydgate, about 1430)

Stall, to corner, to bring to bay, to stand still, 153

Stanc, stank, stanges, stangkes, Fr. estanc, pool, tank, pond, 32, 72

Steppis, steps, footprint of deer, 73, 137

Stere, stir, 91

Stert, stirt, start

Stinte, stynte, to stop, to blow a stint—i.e. to stop or check the hounds, a false scent, check, 19, 165

Stone-bow, Fr. arc-à-pierre, a kind of cross-bow

Stoonys, stones, 143

Stordy, estordic, giddy, 116

Stoupen, stoop

Strake, to blow, 178

Strangle, straggle, 188

Stranling, stranlyn, squirrel

Stratere, straighter

Straught, straight, 128

Strenge, strength, stronghold, thick woods, 16, 118, 156

Strengeste, strongest

Strepid, to strip

Streynour, strainer

Streynt, strain, progeny or breed

Stripid, stripped, term to denote skinning of hare, wild boar, and wolf, App.

Stroke, strake, or stuke, to sound a note on a hunting-horn, 52

Strong, said of woods and coverts, thick, dense, 25

Sue, to seek, to hunt, 161

Suers, followers

Suet, the fat of the red-deer and fallow-deer

Suete, sweet, 19

Sugre, sugar

Surantler, a tine, generally the bay

Sur-royal, the surroyal tine, 28

Sure batyd (of hounds' feet), battered, bruised from over running, 98

Susrial, surroyal tine

Stynt, at fault; to stop

Suyte, suite, following

Swef, a hunting cry, meaning gently or softly, 182

Swerde, sword, 11

Swoor, swore

Swoot, swote, sweat

Sylvestres, beasts of venery—i.e. red-deer, hare, boar, and wolf, App.

Synnes, sins, 7

Synowes, synewes, sinews

Sythes, times

Tacches, habits, also spots, markings, 121

Taloun, talon, heel, 130, 131

Tawed, a kind of tanning, preparation of white leathers, 63

Tawne, tan, tawny, 105

Taylyd, tailed

Teaser, teazer, tesours, a small hound that "teases" forth the game in coverts, 189

Teg, the fallow doe in her second year

Tent, tended, cared for, 103

Tercelle, tiercel, the male of any species of hawk, 119

Terer, teerors, terrier, 4

Terpse, to poise an arrow for shooting

Terryers, terriers, 4

Teste, head or antlers (tête)

Teyntes, touches, 65

Thenderleggis, hind legs

Thenkyngis, thinking, 75

Thennes, thence

Thidere, thither

Toches, teeth, 50, 56

Togadere, togidre, together

Tokenys, tokens, 86

Tosshes, tusks

Tounge, toong, tongue

Toure, tower, 77

Towailles, towels, 164

Townge, tunge, tongue

Trace, track or footprint of an animal, 9, 73, 130, 137

Trauaille, travayle, Fr. travaillé, work, labour, 54, 93

Tredeles, excrements of otter, 73

Trenchour, trencher, 174

Trestes, tryst, trist, 190

Tresteth, trusteth, 49

Treu, trewe, true, faithful

Trip, a herd of tame swine, 53

Trochis, troches, the tines "on top," 28, 135, 140

Trodes, trod

Troweth, believes or knows

Trustre, tryst, 118

Twies, twyes, twice, 82

Twin, between

Twygges, twigs, 22

Tyme, season

Tyndes, tynys, tines, 132, 142

Tysane, a medicinal tea, 11

Umbicast, to cast round, 151

Undirnethe, underneath

Undoing, dressing of a deer

Undoon, undone, to cut up

Unneth, scarcely, 80

Unsicker, uncertain

Unthende, unsuccessful

Unwayssh, unwashed

Unwexid, unwaxed

Unyoyne, unjoin, 97

Uprear to, finding of the hart buck, and boar with the limer

Usyn, use

Vanchasours, vanchasers, the relay of hounds that comes first, 7, 10

Vannchace, the first in the chase, 7, 10

Vauntellay, vauntlay, vnlay, part of the pack held in reserve, when uncoupled on the line of the stag before the hounds already hunting had passed, 169, 172

Veel, calf, used sometimes for the stag in his first year, App.

Veline, a horn signal, App.

Veltraga, veltrarius, a hound, an alaunt, App.

Vent to, said of an otter when it comes to surface of water for air; also to empty, to cast excrements, App.

Ventrers, ventreres, 116, 117

Venyin, venom

Verfull, a glassful, 101

Verrey, truly, true, 75, 105

Vertegrece, vertegres, verdigris, 91

Vesteing, investigating, looking, 151

Veutreres, veautre, boarhound

Veyn, vein

Vishiteth, voiding excrements, 66

Vmblis, umbles

Vndirtakyng, undertaking

Vndyrstondyng, understanding

Vngles, bugles, 128

Vnnanys, onions, 102

Voide, voyde, leave, go away, empty, 51, 191

Voiden, to purge, 61

Vois, voys, voice, 66

Voynes, veins, 99

Waggyng, excrements of foxes, 139

Waies, way, track

Walouyng, wallowing, 146

Waltrer, welter

Wanlace, put up game, 122

Waraunt, warrant, save, 31

Warderobe, werdrobe, excrement of badgers, 139

Ware, aware; also war, beware

Wareyn, wareyns, warren, 66

Warly, warily

Wayssh, wash

Wedir, weather, 8

Wedis, weeds

Welex, grow, 163

Welle, wolle, wool

Welspedde, well sped

Wene, know, to think

Wered, worn

Werkis, works, 5

Wervolf, werwolfe, a maneating wolf, 59

Wery, weary, 107

Wete, to wit, to know, 137

Wex, wax, to grow, 56, 85

Wexed, waxed, 128

Wexing, wexyn, growth, 26

Weytinge, waiting

Wheder, whether

Whitly, whiter

Wif, wiff, wife, 75

Wode, wood

Wodemannys, woodman's, 129

Wodmanly, woodmanly, 176

Wold, wish or would

Wones, dwellings

Wonned, wouned, wont, accustomed, 85

Woode, wode, mad, 61, 85

Woodness, madness, 85

Woote, know, 43

Worth up, on horse, mount on horseback, 175

Wortes, vegetables, roots, 11

Woxen, part of verb wax, to grow

Wreech, wreche, wretched, 55

Wrethis, wreaths, 133

Wroot, to root, 48, 144

Wrooth, wrath, 49

Wryteng, writing, 200

Wurthynes, worthiness

Wyleli, wililiche, wilily, 31

Wymmen, women, 200

Wynde, wind, scent, smell

Wyndeth, winds, scents, 17

Ybrend, burnt, dry, 134

Yede, went, 150, 166

Yeman, yeoman, 148, 165

Yeue, give, 110

Yfeted, made, well or evil shaped

Yflanked, a species of madness in hounds, "lank madness," 88

Yfore, therefore

Yfounde, found, 164

Ygote, begotten, bred

Yhewe, hewn, 152

Ylaft, left, 178

Ymakyd, made

Ynowe, ynow, enough, 1

Yongis, young

Youle, howl

Ypocras, Hippocras, 11

Ypoticaries, apothecary, 84, 101

Yrest, rested, 136

Ythowzt, thought of