INDEX

Acid dyes, 201 Acid in papers, 239 Acid size, 170 Agave, 40 Alum, 167, 168 Aniline dyes, 201 Aniline sulphate, 121 Animal size, 63, 164 Antichlors, 163 Art paper, 142 Art imitation, 145 Art testing, 147 Asbestos, 174 Ash in paper, 171 Backwater, 120, 205 Bagasse, 41 Bamboo, 43 Barker, 97 Beating engines, 186 patents, 192 power consumed, 191 Beating, conditions of, 197 Beating, early methods of, 176 Beating, experiments in, 179 Beating, process of, 58, 175 Bibliography, 253 Bisulphite of lime, 159 Bleaching, 57, 83 powder, 161 Blue prints, 140 Board machine, 132, 135 Boards, manufacture of, 131 Boards, duplex, 132, 134 Book papers, quality of, 246 Books, decay of, 237 Brown papers, 127 Carbonic acid recorder, 215 Casein, 165, 235 Caustic soda, 81, 155 Cellulose, 21 derivatives of, 29 hydrolysis of, 27, 229 oxidation of, 28 percentage of, in plants, 23 properties of, 26 Chemical residues in paper, 238 Chemical wood pulp, 104 Chemicals, 153 China clay, 117, 150, 171, 204, 234 Coal consumption, 214 Coated paper, 142 Cold ground pulp, 100 Colophony, 169 Colour of paper, fading of, 203, 241 Colour of paper, matching, 205 Colour of paper, unevenness of, 203 Colouring of paper pulp, 199 Colouring analysis of, 206 Cotton, 22, 69 Cyanotype papers, 140 Cylinder machine, 131 Density of paper, 181 Deterioration of paper, 228, 246 Digesters, 52, 89, 109 Dilution tables, 157, 163 Duplex boards, 134 Dyeing of paper, 199 Eibel patent, 223 Electrical power, 219 Electrolytic bleaching, 57 Engine sizing, 117, 167 Esparto, 72 bleaching of, 83 composition of, 73 test for, in papers, 87 yield of, 77 Evaporation apparatus, 76, 79 Evaporation tables, 81 Featherweight papers, 232 Fibres for paper-making, 38 examination of, 43 reagents for staining, 71 Flax, 40 Fourdrinier machine, early, 16 French chalk, 173 Gas producer, 218 Gelatine, 63, 164, 237 Glue, 137, 142, 235 Grinders, 100 History of paper, 1 Hoernle, 7 Hollander, 16, 59, 176, 185 Hot ground pulp, 100 Imitation art paper, 145, 235 Imitation Kraft paper, 129 Imitation parchment, 137 Improvements in paper-making, 214 Iron in paper, 229 Kraft papers, 128 Laid papers, 66 Lime, 52, 157 bisulphite, 159 sulphate, 173 Linen fibre, 70 Loading, 171 M. G. caps, 130 Machinery, 214, 224 Manila paper, 127 Mechanical pulp, 95 detection of, 121 Metanil yellow, 122 Middles, 134 Mitscherlich pulp, 107 Moisture, influence of, 243 Multiple effect evaporation, 79 Neutral size, 169 Newspaper, 116, 215 Output of a paper machine, 122 Paper, art, 142 Paper, ash in, 171 Paper, brown, 127 Paper, bulk of, 231 Paper, chemical residues in, 238 Paper, clay in, 234 Paper, colour of, 199, 241 Paper, colour in, analysis of, 207 Paper, deterioration of, 229 Paper, fibres for, 38 Paper, history of, 1, 5 Paper, iron in, 239 Paper, permanence of, 230 Paper, rags used for, 47 Paper, sizing of, 63 Paper, special kinds of, 137 Paper, standards of quality, 246 Paper, strength, of, 184, 231 Paper, surface of, 233 Paper, volume composition of, 233 Paper machine, early, 16 Paper machine, output of, 122 Papier-maché, 150 Papyrus, 2, 42 Paraffin paper, 148 Parchment, 4 paper, 137 Peat, 41 Phloroglucine, 121 Pigments, 199 Porion evaporator, 76 Presse-pâte, 86 Prussian blue, 200 Rag paper, manufacture of, 47 Rag paper, origin of, 5 Rags, bleaching, 55 Rags, boiling, 51 Rags, classification, 48 Rags, sorting, 48 Ramie, 40 Records, early, 1 Recovered ash, 158 Recovery processes, 78, 113 Refiners, 90 Rope browns, 127 Rosin size, 117, 169, 236 Screens, 102 Sealings, 129 Shrinkage of paper, 181 Sizing of paper, 63, 117, 167 Society of Arts, 246 Soda, 153 Soda pulp, 107, 113 Soda recovery, 78 Soda silicate of, 166, 171 Softening of water, 216 Spent liquors, 78, 113 Staining reagents for fibres, 71 Standards of quality, 246, 248, 250 Starch, 166, 237 Stationery Office, 248 Stone beater rolls, 189 Straw, 88 Sulphate pulp, 107 Sulphite pulp, 107 Sulphites, 159, 163 Supercalender, 65 Superheated steam, 218 Tinfoil paper, 148 Transfer paper, 149 Ultramarine, 199 Volume composition of paper, 233 Vulcanised fibre, 139 Water softening, 216 Watermarks, 67 Wavy edges, 243 Waxed paper, 147 Wet press machine, 103 Wiesner, 6 Willesden paper, 139 Wood, 22 pulp, 95 chemical, 104 mechanical, 95 soda, 107, 113 sulphite, 107 Wove papers, 66 Wrappers, 127

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Coal. By James Tonge, M.I.M.E., F.G.S., etc. (Lecturer on Mining at Victoria University, Manchester). With 46 Illustrations, many of them showing the Fossils found in the Coal Measures.

List of Contents: History. Occurrence. Mode of Formation of Coal Seams. Fossils of the Coal Measures. Botany of the Coal-Measure Plants. Coalfields of the British Isles. Foreign Coalfields. The Classification of Coals. The Valuation of Coal. Foreign Coals and their Values. Uses of Coal. The Production of Heat from Coal. Waste of Coal. The Preparation of Coal for the Market. Coaling Stations of the World. Index.

This book on a momentous subject is provided for the general reader who wishes accurate knowledge of Coal, its origin, position and extent, and its economical utilization and application.

Iron and Steel. By J. H. Stansbie, B.Sc. (Lond.), F.I.C. With 86 Illustrations.

List of Contents: Introductory. Iron Ores. Combustible and other materials used in Iron and Steel Manufacture. Primitive Methods of Iron and Steel Production. Pig Iron and its Manufacture. The Refining of Pig Iron in Small Charges. Crucible and Weld Steel. The Bessemer Process. The Open Hearth Process. Mechanical Treatment of Iron and Steel. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Iron and Steel. Iron and Steel under the Microscope. Heat Treatment of Iron and Steel. Electric Smelting. Special Steels. Index.

The aim of this book is to give a comprehensive view of the modern aspects of iron and steel, together with a sufficient account of its history to enable the reader to follow its march of progress. The methods of producing varieties of the metal suitable to the requirements of the engineer, foundryman and mechanician are described so that the worker may learn the history of the material he is handling.

Natural Sources of Power. By Robert S. Ball, B.Sc., A.M.Inst.C.E. With 104 Diagrams and Illustrations.

Contents: Preface. Units with Metric Equivalents and Abbreviations. Length and Distance. Surface and Area. Volumes. Weights or Measures. Pressures. Linear Velocities, Angular Velocities. Acceleration. Energy. Power. Introductory Water Power and Methods of Measuring. Application of Water Power to the Propulsion of Machinery. The Hydraulic Turbine. Various Types of Turbine. Construction of Water Power Plants. Water Power Installations. The Regulation of Turbines. Wind Pressure, Velocity, and Methods of Measuring. The Application of Wind Power to Industry. The Modern Windmill. Constructional Details. Power of Modern Windmills. Appendices A, B, C. Index.

Two departments of Engineering and their applications to industry form the subject of this volume: the “natural” sources of water and wind power which supply mechanical energy without any intermediate stage of transformation. Most people will be surprised at the extent to which these natural power producers are used. The widespread application of water power is generally known, but it is interesting to learn that the demand for windmills was never so great as it is to-day, and there are signs of abnormal expansion in the direction of their useful application in the great agricultural countries of the world. Though primarily of importance to the engineer, this work will be of great interest to every manufacturer who in economizing his means of power production can take the natural forces that lie to his hand and harness them in his service. The author is the son of Sir Robert Ball, the eminent mathematician and astronomer.

Liquid and Gaseous Fuels, and the Part they play in Modern Power Production. By Professor Vivian B. Lewes, F.I.C., F.C.S., Prof. of Chemistry, Royal Naval College, Greenwich. With 54 Illustrations.

List of Contents: Lavoisier's Discovery of the Nature of Combustion, etc. The Cycle of Animal and Vegetable Life. Method of determining Calorific Value. The Discovery of Petroleum in America. Oil Lamps, etc. The History of Coal Gas. Calorific Value of Coal Gas and its Constituents. The History of Water Gas. Incomplete Combustion. Comparison of the Thermal Values of our Fuels, etc. Appendix. Bibliography. Index.

The subject of this book has, during the last decade, assumed such importance that it is hoped this account of the history and development of the use of various forms of combustible liquids and gases for the generation of energy may do some service in its advancement.

Electric Power and Traction. By F. H. Davies, A.M.I.E.E. With 66 Illustrations.

List of Contents: Introduction. The Generation and Distribution of Power. The Electric Motor. The Application of Electric Power. Electric Power in Collieries. Electric Power in Engineering Workshops. Electric Power in Textile Factories. Electric Power in the Printing Trade. Electric Power at Sea. Electric Power on Canals. Electric Traction. The Overhead System and Track Work. The Conduit System. The Surface Contact System. Car Building and Equipment. Electric Railways. Glossary. Index.

The majority of the allied trades that cluster round the business of electrical engineering are connected in some way or other with its power and traction branches. To members of such trades and callings, to whom some knowledge of applied electrical engineering is desirable if not strictly essential, the book is particularly intended to appeal. It deals almost entirely with practical matters, and enters to some extent into those commercial considerations which in the long run must overrule all others.

Town Gas and its Uses for the Production of Light, Heat, and Motive Power. By W. H. Y. Webber, C.E. With 71 Illustrations.

List of Contents: The Nature and Properties of Town Gas. The History and Manufacture of Town Gas. The By-Products of Coal Gas Manufacture. Gas Lights and Lighting. Practical Gas Lighting. The Cost of Gas Lighting. Heating and Warming by Gas. Cooking by Gas. The Healthfulness and Safety of Gas in all its uses. Town Gas for Power Generation, including Private Electricity Supply. The Legal Relations of Gas Suppliers, Consumers, and the Public. Index.

The “country,” as opposed to the “town,” has been defined as “the parts beyond the gas lamps.” This book provides accurate knowledge regarding the manufacture and supply of town gas and its uses for domestic and industrial purposes. Few people realize the extent to which this great industry can be utilized. The author has produced a volume which will instruct and interest the generally well informed but not technically instructed reader.

Electro-Metallurgy. By J. B. C. Kershaw, F.I.C. With 61 Illustrations.

Contents: Introduction and Historical Survey. Aluminium. Production. Details of Processes and Works. Costs. Utilization. Future of the Metal. Bullion and Gold. Silver Refining Process. Gold Refining Processes. Gold Extraction Processes. Calcium Carbide and Acetylene Gas. The Carbide Furnace and Process. Production. Utilization. Carborundum. Details of Manufacture. Properties and Uses. Copper. Copper Refining. Descriptions of Refineries. Costs. Properties and Utilization. The Elmore and similar Processes. Electrolytic Extraction Processes. Electro-Metallurgical Concentration Processes. Ferro-alloys. Descriptions of Works. Utilization. Glass and Quartz Glass. Graphite. Details of Process. Utilization. Iron and Steel. Descriptions of Furnaces and Processes. Yields and Costs. Comparative Costs. Lead. The Salom Process. The Betts Refining Process. The Betts Reduction Process. White Lead Processes. Miscellaneous Products. Calcium. Carbon Bisulphide. Carbon Tetra-Chloride. Diamantine. Magnesium. Phosphorus. Silicon and its Compounds. Nickel. Wet Processes. Dry Processes. Sodium. Descriptions of Cells and Processes. Tin. Alkaline Processes for Tin Stripping. Acid Processes for Tin Stripping. Salt Processes for Tin Stripping. Zinc. Wet Processes. Dry Processes. Electro-Thermal Processes. Electro-Galvanizing. Glossary. Name Index.

The subject of this volume, the branch of metallurgy which deals with the extraction and refining of metals by aid of electricity, is becoming of great importance. The author gives a brief and clear account of the industrial developments of electro-metallurgy, in language that can be understood by those whose acquaintance with either chemical or electrical science may be but slight. It is a thoroughly practical work descriptive of apparatus and processes, and commends itself to all practical men engaged, in metallurgical operations, as well as to business men, financiers, and investors.

Radio-Telegraphy. By C. C. F. Monckton, M.I.E.E. With 173 Diagrams and Illustrations.

Contents: Preface. Electric Phenomena. Electric Vibrations. Electro-Magnetic Waves. Modified Hertz Waves used in Radio-Telegraphy. Apparatus used for Charging the Oscillator. The Electric Oscillator: Methods of Arrangement, Practical Details. The Receiver: Methods of Arrangement, The Detecting Apparatus, and other details. Measurements in Radio-Telegraphy. The Experimental Station at Elmers End: Lodge-Muirhead System. Radio-Telegraph Station at Nauen: Telefunken System. Station at Lyngby: Poulsen System. The Lodge-Muirhead System, the Marconi System, Telefunken System, and Poulsen System. Portable Stations. Radio-Telephony. Appendices: The Morse Alphabet. Electrical Units used in this Book. International Control of Radio-Telegraphy. Index.

The startling discovery twelve years ago of what is popularly known as Wireless Telegraphy has received many no less startling additions since then. The official name now given to this branch of electrical practice is Radio-Telegraphy. The subject has now reached a thoroughly practicable stage, and this book presents it in clear, concise form. The various services for which Radio-Telegraphy is or may be used are indicated by the author. Every stage of the subject is illustrated by diagrams or photographs of apparatus, so that, while an elementary knowledge of electricity is presupposed, the bearings of the subject can be grasped by every reader. No subject is fraught with so many possibilities of development for the future relationships of the peoples of the world.

India-Rubber and its Manufacture, with Chapters on Gutta-Percha and Balata. By H. L. Terry, F.I.C., Assoc.Inst.M.M. With Illustrations.

List of Contents: Preface. Introduction: Historical and General. Raw Rubber. Botanical Origin. Tapping the Trees. Coagulation. Principal Raw Rubbers of Commerce. Pseudo-Rubbers. Congo Rubber. General Considerations. Chemical and Physical Properties. Vulcanization. India-rubber Plantations. India-rubber Substitutes. Reclaimed Rubber. Washing and Drying of Raw Rubber. Compounding of Rubber. Rubber Solvents and their Recovery. Rubber Solution. Fine Cut Sheet and Articles made therefrom. Elastic Thread. Mechanical Rubber Goods. Sundry Rubber Articles. India-rubber Proofed Textures. Tyres. India-rubber Boots and Shoes. Rubber for Insulated Wires. Vulcanite Contracts for India-rubber Goods. The Testing of Rubber Goods. Gutta-Percha. Balata. Bibliography. Index.

Tells all about a material which has grown immensely in commercial importance in recent years. It has been expressly written for the general reader and for the technologist in other branches of industry.

Glass Manufacture. By Walter Rosenhain, Superintendent of the Department of Metallurgy in the National Physical Laboratory, late Scientific Adviser in the Glass Works of Messrs. Chance Bros. and Co. With Illustrations.

Contents: Preface. Definitions. Physical and Chemical Qualities. Mechanical, Thermal, and Electrical Properties. Transparency and Colour. Raw materials of manufacture. Crucibles and Furnaces for Fusion. Process of Fusion. Processes used in Working of Glass. Bottle. Blown and Pressed. Rolled or Plate. Sheet and Crown. Coloured. Optical Glass: Nature and Properties, Manufacture. Miscellaneous Products. Appendix. Bibliography of Glass Manufacture. Index.

This volume is for users of glass, and makes no claim to be an adequate guide or help to those engaged in glass manufacture itself. For this reason the account of manufacturing processes has been kept as non-technical as possible. In describing each process the object in view has been to give an insight into the rationale of each step, so far as it is known or understood, from the point of view of principles and methods rather than as mere rule of thumb description of manufacturing manipulations. The processes described are, with the exception of those described as obsolete, to the author's definite knowledge, in commercial use at the present time.

Precious Stones. By W. Goodchild, M.B., B.Ch. With 42 Illustrations. With a Chapter on Artificial Stones. By Robert Dykes.

List of Contents: Introductory and Historical. Genesis of Precious Stones. Physical Properties. The Cutting and Polishing of Gems. Imitation Gems and the Artificial Production of Precious Stones. The Diamond. Fluor Spar and the Forms of Silica. Corundum, including Ruby and Sapphire. Spinel and Chrysoberyl. The Carbonates and the Felspars. The Pyroxene and Amphibole Groups. Beryl, Cordierite, Lapis Lazuli and the Garnets. Olivine, Topaz, Tourmaline and other Silicates. Phosphates, Sulphates, and Carbon Compounds.

An admirable guide to a fascinating subject.

Patents, Designs and Trade Marks: The Law and Commercial Usage. By Kenneth R. Swan, B.A. (Oxon.), of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law.

Contents: Table of Cases Cited—Part I.—Letters Patent. Introduction. General. Historical. I., II., III. Invention, Novelty, Subject Matter, and Utility the Essentials of Patentable Invention. IV. Specification. V. Construction of Specification. VI. Who May Apply for a Patent. VII. Application and Grant. VIII. Opposition. IX. Patent Rights. Legal Value. Commercial Value. X. Amendment. XI. Infringement of Patent. XII. Action for Infringement. XIII. Action to Restrain Threats. XIV. Negotiation of Patents by Sale and Licence. XV. Limitations on Patent Right. XVI. Revocation. XVII. Prolongation. XVIII. Miscellaneous. XIX. Foreign Patents. XX. Foreign Patent Laws: United States of America. Germany. France. Table of Cost, etc., of Foreign Patents. Appendix A.—1. Table of Forms and Fees. 2. Cost of Obtaining a British Patent. 3. Convention Countries. Part II.—Copyright in Design. Introduction. I. Registrable Designs. II. Registration. III. Marking. IV. Infringement. Appendix B.—1. Table of Forms and Fees. 2. Classification of Goods. Part III.—Trade Marks. Introduction. I. Meaning of Trade Mark. II. Qualification for Registration. III. Restrictions on Registration. IV. Registration. V. Effect of Registration. VI. Miscellaneous. Appendix C.—Table of Forms and Fees. Indices. 1. Patents. 2. Designs. 3. Trade Marks.

This is the first book on the subject since the New Patents Act. Its aim is not only to present the existing law accurately and as fully as possible, but also to cast it in a form readily comprehensible to the layman unfamiliar with legal phraseology. It will be of value to those engaged in trades and industries where a knowledge of the patenting of inventions and the registration of trade marks is important. Full information is given regarding patents in foreign countries.

The Book; Its History and Development. By Cyril Davenport, V.D., F.S.A. With 7 Plates and 126 Figures in the text.

List of Contents: Early Records. Rolls, Books and Book bindings. Paper. Printing. Illustrations. Miscellanea. Leathers. The Ornamentation of Leather Bookbindings without Gold. The Ornamentation of Leather Bookbindings with Gold, Bibliography. Index.

The romance of the Book and its development from the rude inscriptions on stone to the magnificent de Luxe tomes of to-day have never been so excellently discoursed upon as in this volume. The history of the Book is the history of the preservation of human thought. This work should be in the possession of every book lover.

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Timber. By J. R. Baterden, A.M.I.C.E.

Steam Engines. By J. T. Rossiter, M.I.E.E., A.M.I.M.E.

Electric Lamps. By Maurice Solomon, A.C.G.I., A.M.I.E.E.

The Railway Locomotive. By Vaughan Pendred, M.I.Mech.E.

Leather. By H. Garner Bennett.

Pumps and Pumping Machinery. By James W. Rossiter, A.M.I.M.E.

Workshop Practice. By Professor G. F. Charnock, A.M.I.C.E., M.I.M.E.

Textiles and their Manufacture. By Aldred Barker, M.Sc.

Gold and Precious Metals. By Thomas K. Rose, D.Sc., of the Royal Mint.

Photography. By Alfred Watkins, Past President of the Photographic Convention.

Commercial Paints and Painting. By A. S. Jennings, Hon. Consulting Examiner, City and Guilds of London Institute.

Ornamental Window Glass Work. By A. L. Duthie.

Brewing and Distilling. By James Grant, F.C.S.

Wood Pulp and Its Applications. By C. F. Cross, E. J. Bevan and R. W. Sindall.

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