INDEX

Alabaster. See Gypsum.

Alumina, silicate of, 21, 22

Aluminium-potassium silicate, 21

Alum sludge, 32

——, artificial ochre from, 148

——, ferric oxide pigments from, 164–167

Ammonium salts, artificial ochre from, 145, 146

Anhydrite, 19

Anthracolite, 13

Arragonite, 13

Asphaltum, 37, 38.

See also Bitumen.

——, brown, 174, 175

Augite, 179

Azurite, 33

Ball Mills, 55–56

Barium carbonate, 20

—— sulphate.

See Barytes.

Barytes, 19, 20, 119–122

——, artificial, 133

——, correcting colour of, 121

——, detecting, in white lead, 120

——, low covering power of, 121

Black chalk, 38

—— earth colours, 185–196

—— ——, trade names of, 202

—— earths, 6, 38–39

—— schist, 38

Bitumen, 174, 175

Blanc fixe, 19

Blue earth colours, 183–184

—— ——, trade names of, 202

—— earths, 4, 33–36

Bole, 31, 32, 152–154

Bone breccia, 13

Brown coal, pigments from, 175

—— earth colours, 168–175

—— ——, trade names of, 200

—— earths, 5, 36–38

Calcareous marl, 110, 111

—— tuff, 12

Calcining, 81

—— Ferric oxide, 161–164

—— furnaces.

See Furnaces.

—— lime, 88–90

—— ochre, 132–136

Calcite, 11, 12, 14, 15

Calcium carbonate, 12, 14, 15, 16

—— ——, action of acids on, 15

—— hydroxide, 16

—— sulphate.

See Gypsum.

Calc sinter, 12

—— spar.

See Calcite.

Caledonian brown, 36

Cappagh brown, 36

Caput mortuum. See Colcothar.

Carbon brown, 37

—— in limestone, 16

Cassel brown, 37, 38, 174

Celadon green. See Green earth.

Chalk, 13

——, black, 194–196

——, colour of, 103

——, correcting colour of, 104, 105, 106

——, covering power of, 106

——, grinding, 101

——, impurities in, 103, 104

——, precipitated, 107–109

——, preparation and properties of, 98–106

Classification of earth colours, 4–8

Clay, 21–23

Clay, formation of, 113

——, impurities in, 114–119

—— in ochre, 128

——, levigating, 114–117

Colcothar, 160, 161, 162

Cologne earth, 173, 174

Commercial nomenclature of earth colours, 197–202

Crushers and Breakers, 43–45

Crushing, 77–80

—— machinery, 43–60

Disintegrators, 58–60

Distemper, weatherproof, 94

Dolomite, 18

Draining and Drying, 66–77

Drying appliances, 73–77

Dyestuffs for improving earth colours, 85

Edge runners, 48–55

English red, 160

Ferric hydroxide in ochre, 128–132

—— oxide, artificial ochre from, 143–144

—— —— as by-product, 30

—— ——, burnt, 158–164

—— ——, calcining, 161–164

—— —— in lime, detection of, 91

—— ——, native, as pigment, 154

—— —— pigments from alum sludge, 164–167

—— ——, range of colours, 29

—— —— shading, 28

—— ——, violet shades from, 164

Ferrous sulphate, artificial ochre from, 139–143, 146–148

Filter-cloths, cleaning, 72

Filter-presses, 70–73

Furnaces, calcining, 158, 162, 163, 166

Granulator, 43

Graphite, 38, 39, 185–194

—— as a lubricant, 194

—— as anticorrosive, 194

Graphite in the manufacture of lead pencils, 191–193

—— for crucibles, 193

——, refining, 189–192

Green earth, 176–180

—— ——, artificial, 180

—— ——, improving, 178

—— —— colours, 176–184

—— ——, trade names of, 201

—— earths, 5

Grey earth colours, trade names of, 202

Grey earths, 38

Gypsum, 18, 19, 111, 112

Heavy spar. See Barytes.

Hematite, 155

——, brown, 23, 30, 31

——, red, 28, 30

Hydro-extractor, 66–70

Improving earth colours, 84, 85

Indian red, 29, 160

Iron cream, 29

—— glance, 154

—— in limestone, 17

—— ore, bog, 25, 31

—— ——, micaceous, 28

Ironstone, brown, 23, 24, 25

——, clay, 24

——, red, 28–30

Kaolin, 21, 22, 112–119

Lazulite, 183

Lemnos earth. See Bole.

Levigation, 60–65

Lime, absorption of carbon dioxide by, 93

——, action of, on casein, 94

——, ——, on colours, 93, 98

——, calcining, 88–90

——, caustic, preparation of, 87–94

——, double compound of oxide and carbonate, 93

—— from mussel shells, 98

——, impurities in, 91, 92

—— in clay, 22

—— ——, eliminating, 117–119

—— in ochre, 129

Lime in the preparation of artificial ochre, 140–144

——, moulding, 96–98

——, quick, 16

——, slaked, 16

Limestone, 11–18

——, suitability of, for colour-making, 92

Limonite, 25

Magnesia, carbonate of, 123, 124

—— in lime, 91

—— in limestone, 17

Magnesium silicate, 21

Malachite, 35

—— blue, 183

Marble, 11, 14, 15

Minerals, testing for suitability as pigments, 172

Mine sludge, 32

Mixing earth colours, 81–84

Moulding, 85, 86

Mountain chalk, 12

—— milk, 12

Muffle, burning ochre in the, 158–160

Muriacite, 19

Muschelkalk, 13

Ochre, 24, 25, 26

——, blue.

See Vivianite.

——, calcining, 132–136

——, English, 138

——, green, 180

——, pit, 148–150

——, Roman, 137, 138

——, Siena, 137, 138

——, testing, 130–132

——, toning with chalk, 144

——, toning with clay, 144

——, vitriol, 146–148

Ochres, 128–150

——, artificial, 138–146

—— as by-products, 146–150

——, burnt, 158–164

—— from various deposits, 136–138

——, Italian, 137, 138

Oolithic limestone, 13

Organic matter in lime, 91

Pastel crayons, 126

Pearl white, 94

Permanent white, 19, 122

Pipeclay. See Kaolin.

Preparation of colour earths, 40–86

Pulverisers, 56–58

Raddle, 29, 155–158

——, impurities in, 156

——, testing, 157

Raw materials for earth colours, 8–39

Red earth colours, 151–167

—— ——, trade names of, 200

Red earths, 4, 27–33

Sampling raw earths, 9

Selenite, 18

Shading pigments with permanent white, 19

Siena, Terra di, 25, 26, 27, 168–170

——, ——. See also Italian ochre.

Siderosilicate, 171

Sifting, 77–80

Soapstone, 20, 21.

See also Steatite.

Spanish brown, 174

Sprudelstein, 15

Steatite, 20, 21, 125, 126

Stamps, 45–48

Talc, 20, 21, 124, 125

Terra sigillata. See Bole.

Testing purity of raw earths, 10

Trade names of earth colours, 197–202

Ultramarine, 33

Umber, 36, 170–174

——, Cologne, 173, 174

——, true, 170–173

Vandyke Brown, 38, 174

Vermilion, 151

Verona earth. See Green earth.

Vienna white, 95–98

Vivianite, 33, 34, 184

White earth colours, 87–126

White earth, trade names of, 111, 198, 199

White earths, 4

White raw materials and pigmentary earths, 11–23

Witherite, 20

Working earth colour deposits, 9

Yellow earth colours, 127–150

—— ——, trade names of, 100

Yellow earth, 150

Yellow earths, 4, 23–27

Printed in Great Britain by Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, paris garden, stamford st., s.e., and bungay, suffolk.

The Manufacture of Paint

THE PRACTICAL HANDBOOK FOR PAINT MANUFACTURERS, MERCHANTS AND PAINTERS

BY J. CRUICKSHANK SMITH, B.Sc. Second Edition—Revised and Enlarged Demy 8vo. 73 Illustrations. 300 Pages

CONTENTS

CHAP. PART I

I.— Scope of Subject and Definition of Terms.

II.— Storing and Handling Raw Material.

III.— Testing and Valuation of Raw Material.

PART II

IV.— Plant and Machinery.

PART III

V.— The Grinding of White Pigments.

VI.— The Grinding of Earth Pigments.

VII.— The Oxide of Iron Pigments.

VIII.— The Grinding of Black Paints.

IX.— The Grinding of Chemical Colours.

X.— The Grinding of Pigments in Water.

XI.— The Grinding of Colours in Turpentine, Gold Size, and Special Mediums.

PART IV

XII.— Mixed or Prepared Paints.

XIII.— Enamels and Enamel Paints.

PART V

XIV.— Modern Conditions which Affect the Selection and Application of Paint.

XV.— The Designing, Testing and Matching of Paints.

XVI.— Cost Charges—Cost of Handling—Carriage and Delivery of Goods—Cost of Materials—Machinery as affecting Manufacturing Cost—Electricity as Motive Power—Manufacturing Oncost—Prices—The Future of the Industry.

Price 12s. 6d. net (Post Free, 13s. 3d. Home and Abroad).

PUBLISHED BY SCOTT, GREENWOOD & SON, 8 Broadway, Ludgate, London, E.C. 4

The Chemistry of Pigments

By ERNEST J. PARRY, B.Sc., (Lond.), F.I.C., F.C.S. AND JOHN H. COSTE, F.I.C., F.C.S.

Demy 8vo. 5 Illustrations. 280 Pages

CONTENTS

Chapter I.—Introductory

Light—White Light—The Spectrum—The Invisible Spectrum—Normal Spectrum—Simple Nature of Pure Spectral Colour—The Recomposition of White Light—Primary and Complementary Colours—Coloured Bodies—Absorption Spectra.

Chapter II.—The Application of Pigments

Uses of Pigments: Artistic, Decorative, Protective—Methods of Application of Pigments: Pastels and Crayons, Water Colour, Tempera Painting, Fresco, Encaustic Painting, Oil-Colour Painting, Ceramic Art, Enamel, Stained and Painted Glass, Mosaic.

Chapter III.—Inorganic Pigments

White Lead—Zinc White—Enamel White—Whitening—Red Lead—Litharge—Vermilion—Royal Scarlet—The Chromium Greens—Chromates of Lead, Zinc, Silver and Mercury—Brunswick Green—The Ochres—Indian Red—Venetian Red—Siennas and Umbers—Light Red—Cappagh Brown—Red Oxides—Mars Colours—Terre Verte—Prussian Brown—Cobalt Colours—Cœruleum—Smalt—Copper Pigments—Malachite—Bremen Green—Scheele’s Green—Emerald Green—Verdigris—Brunswick Green—Non-arsenical Greens—Copper Blues—Ultramarine—Carbon Pigments—Ivory Black—Lamp Black—Bistre—Naples Yellow—Arsenic Sulphides: Orpiment, Realgar—Cadmium Yellow—Vandyck Brown.

Chapter IV.—Organic Pigments

Prussian Blue—Natural Lakes—Cochineal—Carmine—Crimson—Lac Dye—Scarlet—Madder—Alizarin—Campeachy—Quercitron—Rhamnus—Brazil Wood—Alkanet—Santal Wood—Archil—Coal-tar Lakes—Red Lakes—Alizarin Compounds—Orange and Yellow Lakes—Green and Blue Lakes—Indigo—Dragon’s Blood—Gamboge—Sepia—Indian Yellow, Puree—Bitumen, Asphaltum, Mummy—Index.

Price 12s. 6d. net (Post Free, 13s. 3d. Home and Abroad).

PUBLISHED BY SCOTT, GREENWOOD & SON, 8 Broadway, Ludgate, London, E.C. 4