Note 3 — Group II. BIRTH OF THE AMERICAN IDEA.

Arkansas Territory was formed in 1819, capital Little Rock, then a village built on a bluff near the beginning of the hilly region. The name comes from a rock in the river exposed at low water. Fort Smith was a new military post. Other settlements were scattered along the Arkansas from the White River Cut-off to Belle Point, and on Red River as far as the Kiamesha. Though numerous, Long says all were small. Besides these, the Cherokees were also forming settlements on the Arkansas about Cadron, which Long often found superior, in respect of the comforts of life, to those of the whites. These people were the vanguard of their nation, to which Government had ceded lands in Arkansas Territory, and was removing from Georgia beyond the Mississippi. They owned black slaves, the same as the whites. They raised considerable cotton, which they wove into cloth for their own use.