INDEX

Abdication, 22, 287

Adams, Sir F., History of Japan, 80, 92

Administration, Tokugawa (see Tokugawa Shōgunate)

Administrative changes, 74; system, reorganization of, 174

Adoption, 22, 285; complications caused by, 39

Adviser to Shōgunate, position held by Head of Mito family, 34

Agreement, secret, between China and Japan for Common Defence, 281

Agreements (pre-Restoration Treaties) concluded by Japan with Foreign Powers, 46, 47, 48, 49

Agricultural class, the, 97

Aidzu clansmen as fighters, 131

Aidzu, daimiō of, 77

Ainu aborigines, 19, 20

Aki, daimiō of, 33

Alcock, Sir Rutherford, 54, 57

Alexeieff, Admiral, 246, 253, 256

Alliance of four clans, 71, 72, 80

Altars, family, 151, 286

America and Japan, early relations, 45; first treaty, 46; other treaties, 54, 205, 207, 240; foreign aggression in China and Declarations protest of U.S. Government, 237; friendly relations, 265; friction, causes of, 266

American annexation of Philippines, 235; interests in China, 237; missionary enterprise, 149; policy in regard to Restoration, 65; Treaty of 1858, difficulties of negotiation, 51; whalers in Sea of Okhotsk, 44

Ancestor-worship, 140, 151

Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Alliance, 247

Anti-Foreign feeling, 53, 54, 55, 75, 194

Anti-Japanese feeling in America and Canada, 267

Anti-Shōgunate movement, 50

Arbeiter Zeitung, the, 275

Arisugawa, Prince, 74

Armistice concluded with China, 221

Army of the Shōgunate, 82

Art and literature, 18, 26, 112, 113

Asan, conflict at, 217

Ashikaga Shōguns, 26

Assassinations, political, 302

Assimilation of foreign ideas, 115

“Association of men with a definite purpose” (Risshi-sha), 136

“Association of Patriots” (Aikoku-tō), 136

Aston, Mr., 143

Attack on Shimonoséki forts by four Powers, 58

Awa, daimiō of, 35

Awakening of Japan, The, 73

Ballot, secret, 185

Bank of Japan, 177

Banks and banking, 177

Bavarian Constitution adopted as model, 188

“Benevolent” government, 115

Bezobrazov, 256

Biddle, Commodore, at Yedo, 45

Bimetallic standard, a, 176

Bismarck, 172

Biwa, L., 32, 50

Blagovestchensk, reprisals at, 243

Brinkley, Capt., 124

British Legation, attacks on the, 55

Boissonade, M., 158

Bolsheviks, the, 281

Boxer Rising, the, 241–243

Buckle’s History of Civilization, 195

Buddhism, 17, 139, 141, 145, 147, 292

Budget, the, 190, 198

Buké or military class, 20

Bureaucratic system of pre-feudal days, 73

Burma Convention, the, 226

Bushidō, 149

Butsudan or Buddhist altar, 286

Calendar, changes in the, 71

Campbell, Mr., 241

Canada, anti-Japanese feeling in, 267

Capital, transference of, from Kiōto to Yedo, 79

Capital of the Tycoon, the, 54

“Cash,” 176

Cassini, M., 229

Cenotaphs, ancestral, 286

Centralized bureaucracy, 33, 35

Cha-no-yu, 150

308Chamberlain, Professor, 143

Chamberlain, Mr. J., 248

“Charter Oath,” the, 75, 192

Chemulpo, 216, 257; naval engagement off, 258

Chéradame, M., 228, 252

Chihanji, 89

Chikuzen province, 25; daimiō of, 72

China, relations with, 211; war with, 217; Japan’s aggressive intentions in, 280; Handbook, 241

Chinda, Viscount, 210

Chinese culture, influence of, 17, 18, 298; Eastern Railway, 229, 231; influence on Japanese Buddhism, 143; influx of, in California, 266; Navy, the, 220; suzerainty over neighbouring states, 214; sexagenary cycle, 69, 70; written language, the, 112, 113

Chōshiū clan, the, 71, 72

Chōshiū clansmen expelled from Kiōtō, 59

Chōshiū, daimiō of, 33, 35, 50; ex-daimiō of, 186

Chōshiū, disorders in, 129; and Higo, risings in, 127; forts, action by, 57; leaders, ideals of the, 73; mission of conciliation to, 82; raids and attacks, 72; rebellion, 59

Chōteki, or rebels, 77

Christian persecutions, 28, 30; after-effect of, 55; political character of, 120; renewal of, 91

Christianity, edicts against, 28, 30; withdrawal of, 91; first introduction of, 27; future of, in Japan, 149; later encouragement of, as a means of learning English, 148; official recognition of, 147

Chronology, Japanese, 69

Ch’un, Prince, 242

Civil Code, the, 283

Civil Service examinations, 175

Civil war and fall of Shōgunate, 63

Clan guilds, 94

Clan jealousies, 81, 129

Clans, independent spirit of, 72

Class distinctions, feudal, 195

Classes, effects of abolition of feudalism on, 94; fusion of, 195; rearrangement of, 90

Coalition Cabinet of Liberals, resignation of, 200

Coast defence before Restoration, 44

Code of Criminal Procedure, 158

Coinage, 176

Colonization of Yezo, failure of, 118

Commercial Convention with China, 222

Compulsory education, 293

Conferences of Prefects, annual, 157

Conferences on Treaty Revision at Tōkiō, 178

Confiscation of territories of Tokugawa adherents, 77

Confucianism, 144, 149, 151

Congratulatory missions, 25

Conscript army, efficiency of the new, 132

Conscription, establishment of, 218

Conservative Party, formation of, 197

Constitution, Prince Itō’s commentaries on, 182, 188; framing of, 172; the granting of a, 162; promulgation of, 186

Constitutional Imperialist Party, 166; Liberals, 197; Reform Party, 165

Consuls, or “administrators” in China, 212

Copyright, Protection of, 207

Corvée, the, 170, 185

Council of State, upper and lower, 35, 74

Court, isolation of, 37

Court Councillors, 175

Court and feudal nobility, relations between, 37; amalgamation of, 89

Court nobles, ideals of, 73

Court and Shōgunate, 33, 56, 59

“Credit notes,” 176

Creed of Half Japan, The, 141

Currency, confusion in the state of, 81, 176

Customs Import Tariff, 207

Czecho-Slovak troops in Asia, the, 281

Daidō Club, the, 197

Daijingū of Isé, the, 286

Daijō Daijin, the, 80

Daikwan, or Governors, 36

Dajōkwan or Central Executive, 79

Dan-no-Ura, sea fight of, 20

Dazaifu, 25

de Witte, Count, 255, 256

Débidour’s Histoire Diplomatique de l’Europe, 229

Declarations regarding the non-alienation of Chinese territory, 234

Deliberative Assemblies, 75

Democratic feeling, growth of, 196

Departments of new post-Restoration administration, 73

Déshima, the Dutch in, 31, 121

Development of Japan, outstanding features in, 304

Diet and Government, conflicts between, 199; composition of, 189; first session of, 198; first dissolution of, 198

309Discord between political parties, 169

Districts, rural and urban, 184

Divorce, 290

Douglas, Admiral Sir A., naval adviser, 219

Drouyn de Lhuys, M., 108

Dual system of government, 21, 38; end of, 63, 64, 85

Duarchy, consolidation of, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37; working of, 38, 39, 40

Duplication of offices, 36, 37

Dummy editors, the Press Law and, 155

Dutch traders, 30, 31; treaties with the, 46, 47, 240; language as a medium of communication, 111; and “Western Learning,” 84

Duties, import and export, foreign Powers’ demand for modification of, 60

East India Company, 30

Échizen, daimiō of, 33, 50, 53; ex-Prince, 56

Eckhardstein, von, Reminiscences, 249

Education, 292; Department of, 293

Educational Code, 293; influences, 154, 160

Eisai Zenshi, founder of Zen sect of Buddhists, 142

Election, system of, for local assemblies, etc., 184; for Diet, 189

Elections, first, for Diet, 194

Electoral Law, revised, 190

Electors, qualifications of, for local assemblies, 185; for Diet, 189

Elementary Schools, 293

Elgin and Kincardine, Lord, 37

Elliot Islands, Japanese naval base at, in war with Russia, 261

Emigration, Japanese, 269

Emperor and Court, teaching in schools concerning, 296

Emperor’s name, removal of interdict regarding use of, 117

Empress Dowager of China, 243

English language replaces Dutch as medium of communication, 112; teaching of, in schools, 175, 297

English traders, 30

“Equal opportunity,” principle of, 276; “open door” and, 238

“Era of Enlightened Government,” the, 69

Era of Great Peace, 42

Éta and Hinin, or social outcasts, 90

Europe, early intercourse with, 27; renewal of, 45

Ex-samurai (Shizoku), 95, 96; discontent of, 123; restlessness of, 152, 160, 170

Ex-regent or Kwambaku, 18

Expansion, Japanese, 268

Extra-territoriality, 109, 204, 207

Fall of Shōgunate, 63, 64

“Family,” the, in Japanese law, 283

Family councils, 289; registration, 290; rites, 286

Family System, Japanese, 283

Fanaticism, 75, 135, 165, 193, 194

Farmers, 97

Fernandez, 27

“Festival of the Dead,” 287

Feudal fiefs, surrender of, 87

Feudal nobles, three classes of, 33, 34; early training, 92; subjection of, under Shōgunate rule, 34

Feudal System, abolition of, 89; classification of society, 20; compared with Scottish, 43; establishment of, 20; hereditary retainers, 22; provincial administration, 30; tenure of land, 97; territories and nobility under Iyéyasu, 33

Fief, a daimiō’s, 43

Fiefs under Shōgunate rule, 33

Fifty Years of New Japan, 137, 140, 148, 175, 177

Figure-head system of government, 22, 88

Financial reform, 175, 239

Flower fairs, 151

Foreign experts, engagement of, 123

Foreign intercourse, reopening of, 44; opposition to, 51

Foreign judges, the question of, 206; Powers, attitude of, 65, 114; regrouping of, 247

Foreign troops in Yokohama, 58

Formosa, acquisition of, 222; difficulty with China respecting, 125; resources of, 118, 119

France and Russia, close accord between, 228

French legal models adopted for Criminal law, 158

Fudai daimiōs, 34, 35, 94

Fujiwara family, the, 18, 19, 20

Fukien, non-alienation of, 238

Fukuchi, editor of Nichi Nichi Shimbun, 166

Fukuzawa Yūkichi, 154, 155, 295

General Agreement Union, 179

“Gentlemen’s Agreement,” the, 267

Genrō, or Elders, 302, 303

Genrō-in, or Senate, creation of, 133; Tosa clansmen’s dissatisfaction with constitution of, 137

310Gérard, M., Ma Mission en Chine, 228, 229, 230, 233

German Emperor, mischievous activity of, 224

German influence in Pacific, elimination of, 277

German Minister in China, murder of, by Boxers, 242

German models adopted in constitutional and administrative matters, 172, 174

Germany and the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 249

Germany and Japan, progress of, compared, 274

Girls, education of, 294

Gokénin, or landed gentry, 34, 78, 93

Gold standard, adoption of, 239

Gosanké, the, 34, 35

Gotō Shōjirō, Count, 74, 121, 164, 169, 174, 194, 302

Governors and governed, Japanese idea of relationship between, 115

Grant, General, 126

Great Britain, first treaty with, 46; Treaty of 1858, 47; revised Treaty with, 207, 208, 209, 210

Great Reform, the, 18, 69, 142

Great War, Japan’s part in the, 276

Gregorian Calendar, adoption of, 71, 117, 305

Guizot’s History of the Civilization of Europe, 42

Gunchō, or district administrators, 185

Haga, Prof., 175

Hague Tribunal, the, 208

Haicheng, 221

Hakodaté, opening of, 46

Hambatsu Séifu, or clan government, 43

Han, or clan, 43

Harris, Mr. Townsend, 47, 111

Hatamoto, or Bannermen, 34, 35, 78, 93

Hawaii, Japanese labour in, 270

Hayashi, Count, 247, 249

Headmen of household groups, 36

Headship of family, 287

Heimin, or common people, 90

Hereditary retainers, 22

Hidéyori, 32

Hidéyoshi, 26, 28; ambition of, 29

High Court of Justice (Daishinin), 133

Higher Schools, curriculum of, 297

Higo, province of, 131

Hikoné, 50

Hill, S. J., Impressions of the Kaiser, 275

Hiō-jō-sho, 35

Hiogo, port of, 54, 107

Hirado Islands, 30

History of Japan (1542–61), A, 28, 124

History of the Currency, A, 175, 176

“History of the Restoration,” 72

Hitachi (Mito), province of, 33, 34

Hitotsubashi family, the, 51

Hizen, province of, 25; daimiō of, 33, 35; clan, 71; insurrection, 125

Hōben, Hō-an Jōrei, 180, 181; (or pious fraud), 143

Hohenzollern, Prince Henry of, 230

Hōjō Regents, the, 24, 25, 142

Hokkaidō (Yezo), the, or Northern Sea Circuit, 104, 118, 159

Honda, Rev. Y., 148

Hongkong, 232

Hornbeck, Mr., Contemporary Politics of the Far East, 236

Hostility to foreigners, 53, 54, 55, 75, 107, 179, 194

House of Peers, 173

House of Representatives, 189

Hozumi, Professor, 288

“Hundred Articles, The,” 33, 37, 93

I-Ho-Ch’uan (Patriot Harmony Fists), 241

Ïi Kamon no Kami (Tairō or Regent), 50, 52, 53, 55, 63

Iki Islands, 25

Immigration Act, American, 266

Imperial “progresses,” 37; domains, 67; Household, Minister of, 173; House Law, 190; Oaths, 135, 187; “Ordinances,” 188; prerogatives, 188

Impersonality, atmosphere of, pervading everything Japanese, 21

Indemnities, 58, 222, 225

Independents in Diet, 194

Ingles, Admiral, naval adviser, 219

Inkio, 288

Inouyé, Marquis, 74, 99, 126, 174, 179, 249, 251, 302

Instruction in Elementary Schools, 295

Insurrectionary movements, 124, 127, 130, 171

Interests of Treaty Powers, 65

Invasions by Mongols, 25

“Invention of a New Religion, The,” 150

Isé, Great Shrine at, 54, 151

Ishii, Viscount, 280

“Ishin Shi” (“History of the Restoration”), 72

Itagaki, 79, 121, 136, 137, 164, 169, 174, 194, 200, 302

Itō, Prince, 74, 163, 172, 174, 201, 224, 249, 251, 302

Itō Shimpei, 121, 124

Iwakura, Prince, 74, 79, 80, 87, 90, 122, 301

Iwakura Mission, objects of the, 122, 178, 205

311Iyémitsu, Shōgun, repressive edicts of, 30

Iyémochi, Shōgun, 56

Iyésada, 52

Iyéyasu, the rule of, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38

Japan, bridging the gulf between old and new, 186; contrast between old and new, 305, 306

Japan: The Rise of a Modern Power, 230

Japan Year Book, the, 140

Japanese Cabinets, independent of Diet, 200

Japanese language an obstacle to progress, 112

Japanese, origin of the, 17

Japanese subjects, rights and duties of, 189

Japanese writing, three branches of, 298

Jesuit missionaries, 28, 29

Jiji Shimpō, the, 155

Jimmu Tennō, the mythical founder of Japan, 69

Jingikwan, 146

Jisha-bugiō, 35, 145

Jiyūtō, or Liberal Party, 164; dissolution of, 167; revival of, 194

Jōdai, or Governor (of Ōsaka), 37

Jōdo sect, the, 142

Kaga, daimiō of, 33

Kagoshima, 27; bombardment of, 57; Shimadzu’s retirement to, 130; Saigō’s death in, 132

Kaiping, 221

Kaishintō, or Progressives, 197

Kamakura, 21, 26

Kamakura Shōguns, the, 24

Kami, or natural deities, 40, 140

Kamidana, or Shintō altar, 286

Kanagawa, Perry at, 46

Kanda, Baron, 99

Kataoka Kenkichi, 155

Kato, Viscount, 211, 248

Katsura, General, 221, 251, 302

Kawamura, Admiral, 129

Kéiki, 51, 56, 60, 62, 88, 186

Ketsudan-sho, or Court of Decisions, 35

Kiaochow, 228; leased to Germany, 230; evacuated by Germany, 277

Kido, 74, 79, 80, 82, 87, 88, 137, 301

Kii (or Kishiū), prov. of, 33; princely House of, 34; Prince of, 51, 64, 88

Kikuchi, Baron, 293, 299

Kiōbusho, or Department of Religion, 147

Kiōto, 21; and Yedo, 38; intrigues at the Court of, 49; Shōgun summoned to, 56; raid on, 59, 62

Kishiū, prov. of (see Kii)

Kiūshiū, prov. of, 25

Knox proposal regarding Manchurian railways, 280

Kōgisho, or Parliament, 77, 87

Kōmei, Emperor, death of, 62

Konishi, Christian daimiō, 29

Korea, 17; and China, 126; annexation of, by Japan, 271, 272; Chinese conquest of, 24, 25; Chinese suzerainty over, 25, 214; condition of, 215; difficulties with China concerning, 120; invasion by Hidéyoshi, 29; Japan’s interests in, 254; Japanese protectorate over, 264; missions of courtesy to Japan, 121; rivalry between Russia and Japan concerning, 255; written language of, 19

Kublai Khan, 24, 27

Kugé, or Court aristocracy, 20, 37, 49, 301

Kumamoto, siege of the castle of, 131

Kurile Islands, acquisition of, 126

Kuroda, General, 118, 126, 129, 174

Kuroki, General, 260

Kuromaku-daijin, or “Unseen Ministers of State,” 303

Kuropatkin, General, 260, 262

Kwang-chow, Bay of, leased to France, 231

Kwantō, 32

Kwazoku, name of new class, including all nobles, 89

Land, feudal tenure of, 97; reform, 98; official survey of, 100; assessment of value, 103, 105; ownership of, by foreigners, 208

Land-tax, revision of, 99, 104

Language difficulties in way of progress, 111; in education, 298

Languages, written and spoken, Japanese, 112, 113

Lansdowne, Marquess of, 247

Lansing-Ishii Agreement, the, 281

Law of Cities, Towns and Villages (Shi-chō-som-pō), 184; of the Court and Shōgunate, 37; of the Imperial Court, 37; of Libel, 168; of Public Meetings, the, 156, 164

Laws accessory to the Constitution, 188

“Le Monde et la Guerre Russo-Japonaise” (Chéradame), 228, 252

Leases of Chinese Territory, 227, 230, 231, 232

Legal and Judicial Reform, 158, 193, 240

Legations at Peking, siege of, 241

Legislative Chamber or Senate (Genrō-in), 133

312Lemieux, Mr., 268

Li Hung Chang, 218, 228

Liaotung Peninsula, the, 225

Liao-yang, 260; battle of, 262

Liberal Party, programme of the, 164

Lloyd, Rev. Arthur, 141, 142

Lobanoff, Prince, 228, 255

Local government, old system of, 36; revised system of, 156, 184

London Protocol of 1862, 107

Loochoo, annexation of, 126; difficulties in connection with, 125, 213; Local Government Act inoperative in, 184

Lord Keeper of the Seals (Naidaijin), 175

Lower and Upper Houses of Diet, the, 203

“Mahayana Vehicle,” the, 141

Makers of Modern Japan, the, 300

Makharoff, Admiral, 259

Manchuria, Russian intentions in, 246; occupation of, 252; American protest, 252

Marco Polo, 27

Marriage, 290

Matsudaira (Tokugawa family name), 35

Matsugata, Marquis, 129, 174; financial measures introduced by, 177, 239, 302

Meckel, General, military adviser, 218

Meiji Era, the, 42, 69

Members of Parliament, qualifications of, 190

Memorials to the Throne, 87

Métayage system, the, 97

Métsuké, 36

Middle schools, curriculum of, 297

Mikado (one of terms for Emperor of Japan), meaning of, 40

Mikado, attempt to abduct, 59; first audience granted by, 220

Mikados, Shōguns mistaken for, 23

Militarist policy, 223

Military College in Satsuma, Saigō’s, 130

Military strength of Russia and Japan, comparison of, 258

Min Party, the, in Korea, 217

Minamoto family, the, 20

Minister President of the Cabinet, 174

Ministers of State, chief, 174

Minké, or general public, outside military class, 20

Missionaries, early, 27; expulsion of, 28, 30

Missions to Europe and United States, and objects of, 107, 108, 109

Missions from Yedo to Kiōtō, 53

Mito, ex-Prince of, 50, 51, 53, 55, 64

Mito, disorders in, 129

Mito, Princely House of, 72

Mitsu Bishi, first s.s. company, the, 133

Moderation in politics, increasing tendency towards, 202

Moderation towards rebels, 77

Monarch, personality of, the, 196

Monetary system, confused state of, 175

Mongol invasions, 24, 25

Monopoly of foreign trade by Shōgunate, 62

Morals, instruction in, 295

Mōri, daimiō, 43; murder of Viscount, 193

Morrison, Dr., 249

“Most-favoured-nation” treatment, 108

Mukden Agreement, the, 246, 253; battle of, 263

Murder of Secretary of American Legation in Tōkiō, 55; of German Minister and Chancellor of Japanese: Legation at Peking, 242

Murders of British subjects and indemnities, 55

Mutsu, daimiō of, 33, 247

Mutsuhito, Emperor, succession of, 62; message to foreign representatives, 118

Nagasaki, Christianity at, 91

Naidaijin, 175

Nanshan, Russian defeat at, 261

Narusé, Mr., 295

National army, nucleus of, 82, 83

National banks, 176

National calendar, 71

National pride, 19

Naval reform, 219

Navy, conspicuous services of Japanese, during Great War, 282

Navy, state of, 82, 219

Nengō, or year-periods, 69, 70

New Government, form chosen for, 73; first rupture in ministry, 122

Newchwang, occupation of, 221, 261

Newspaper editors and proprietors, responsibility of, 168

Nichi Nichi Shimbun, the, 166

Nichiren, Buddhist priest, 143

Nichiren sect, the, 142

Nihonbashi, the, or Bridge of Japan, 182

Niigata, 107

Nitobé, Professor, 175

Nishi, Viscount, 255

Niūdō, 288

Nobunaga, 26–28, 145

Nodzu, General, 261

Nogi, General, 261

Normal schools, 297

Noto, province of, 166

313Oaths taken by the Emperor, 135, 187

Ōishi, leader of Forty-seven rōnin, 149

Ōki, 302

Oku, General, 260

Ōkubo, 74, 79, 80, 87, 129, 157, 301

Ōkuma, 74, 79, 99, 118, 140, 159, 165, 167, 174, 180, 182, 191, 193, 200, 206, 239, 277, 299, 302

“Open door and equal opportunity,” principle of, 238, 245, 247, 252

“Open,” or “treaty,” “ports,” 48

Opposition, the, in first session of Diet, 194; tactics of, 198

Origin of the Japanese, 17

Ōsaka Mint, the, 176

“Ōsaka summer campaign,” the, 32

Ōsaka combined squadron at, 61; conference in, 137; Governor of, 37; postponed opening of, 107; Shōgun’s withdrawal to, 63

Ouchtomsky, Prince, 229

Outstanding features in development of Japan, 304

Owari, Prince of, 50, 53, 64

Owari, province of, 33; princely House of, 34, 72

Ōyama, Field-Marshal Prince, 218, 262, 302

Ozaki Yukiō, 165

Paper money, 81, 175, 176, 177

Parental authority, 284

Parkes, Sir Harry, 60, 77

Parliament, decree to establish a, 162

Party government, desire for, and failure of, attempt to establish, 200

Party manifestos, 197

Peace Conference in Paris, Japan at the, 282

Peace Preservation Regulations (Hō-an Jōrei), 180, 181

Peerage, creation of new, 173

Penal Code, 158

Pensions, Feudal, 93; commutation of, 96, 127

“Permanent Register,” the, 290

Perry, Commodore, 45, 49, 61, 62, 72

Persecutions, early Christian, 28, 30; after-effect of, 55; political character of, 120; recrudescence of, 91

Philippine Islands, the, 235

Piggott, Sir Francis, 193

Pilgrims and Pilgrimages, 151

Ping-yang, Chinese defeat at, 220; occupation of, in Russian war, 260

Pioneer colonization, Japanese failure in, 119

Plehve, 256

Political agitation, 155, 156, 178, 180, 194

Political Associations and Clubs, formation of, 155, 164

Political parties, formation of, 164; collapse of first, 167; reconstruction of, 194

Political rowdyism, 180

Political Development of Japan, The, 153

Pope, pretensions of the, 55

Pope Alexander VI, 27

Population, increase of, 269

Port Arthur, capture of, in Chinese war, 221; investment of, 261; in Russian war and fall of, 262; leased to Russia, 231

Portsmouth Treaty, the, 264

Portugal, 27

Portuguese adventurers, 27

Powers, Foreign, attitude of, 65, 119; regrouping of, 247

Prefects, annual conference of, 133, 156, 184

Prefectural assemblies, 134, 184

Prefectures, creation of, 89

Press, the, 154

Press law, 153, 180

“Prison Editors,” 167

Privy Council, the (Sū-mitsu-in), 182, 183

Pro-foreign tendencies, 123, 124, 179

Progressive opinion, 77; and tendencies, 175

Provincial administration, feudal, 20, 36; revision of, 134, 184

Public meetings and addresses, novelty of, 164

Radical Party, beginnings of a, 137

Reactionaries and Reformers, aims of, 84, 135

Rebels, moderate treatment of, 77

Reclassification of land, 105

Reconstruction, work of, 134

Regent (Ïi Kamon no Kami), assassination of, 55

Regent, or Sesshō, 18

Regents, or Shikken, 24

Registration of land, 105

Registration, Law of, 283

Registration, status and residential, 291

Religion, Japanese attitude towards, 120, 140, 150

Religion, connection of, with reforms, 121, 139

Religions of Japan before Restoration, the four, 139

Religious festivals and pilgrimages, 305

Repression and reform, 158, 159

314Residential and commercial rights of foreigners, limitations of, 48, 204

Restoration, the, accomplishment of, 64; movement for, 49, 50, 55, 61, 62, 63; the work of four clans, 71, 83; unique character of, 304

Restriction of public meeting and speech, 167

Resumption of specie payments, 175

Reventlow’s Deutschland’s Auswärtige Politik, 227

Revenues, feudal, acquired by Government, 93

Revised treaties put into force, 240

“Revival of Pure Shintō,” the, 145

Rice notes, 176

Richardson, Mr., murder of, 55

Rikken-Kaishintō, or Constitutional Reform Party, 165

Rikken Teisei-to, or Constitutional Imperialist Party, 166

Riōbu Shintō, fusion of Shintō and Buddhism, 143; processions, 38

Rise of Japan and Germany compared, 274

Risings of ex-Samurai, 170

Rites and Ceremonies, Bureau of, 147

Rival Emperors, 26

Rockhill’s Treaties and Conventions, 229

Rōnin, 50, 60, 81

Roosevelt, President, mediation by, 264; and school question, 266

Rosen, Baron, 255

Russia, activity of, in Siberia, 44; attitude of, 65, 114; war with, 257

Russian aims in Far East, 227; Baltic fleet, 263; loan to China, 226; revolution, effect of, in Far East, 280

Russo-Chinese Bank, the, 228

Sadaijin, 80

Saga, 124

“Sage of Mita, The,” 155

Saghalien, arrangement with Russia concerning, 126; southern half ceded to Japan, 264

Saigō, the elder, 78, 79, 90, 121, 129, 132, 302

Saigō, the younger (General Marquis), 78, 125, 129, 174, 218

Sa-in, the, 80

Saionji, Marquis, 302

Salisbury, Lord, 207

Samurai, extinction of, as class, 89; impoverished condition of, 95; mischievous influence of disbanded, 152; privileged position of, 195

Samurai, clanless (see Rōnin)

San Francisco Board of Education, 266

San-kin Kō-tai, or system of alternate residence of daimiōs in Yedo and their fiefs, 34; cessation of, 81

Sanjikwai or Local Executive Councils, 185

Sanjō, Prince, 74, 79, 80, 90, 301

Sasébo, naval arsenal, 259

Satow, Feodor, Mr., 193

Satsuma and Chōshiū clans, alliance of, 172; Japan ruled by, 133; naval and military control vested in, 200

Satsuma clan, co-operation against Chōshiū, 59; discontent in, 78, 79; divided feeling in, 78; federalists, 73; mission of conciliation to, 82; rebellion, 78, 130

Satsuma, daimiō of, 33; ex-daimiō, 186

Satsuma faience, 30

“Satchō Government,” the, 153

School Question of California, the, 266

Schools, pre-Restoration, Buddhist, Government and private, 292

Schools, normal, “special” and technical, 294

Secret Memoirs, the, of Count Hayashi, 247

“Security of the Throne, The,” 181

Sei-in, or Council of State, 79, 101

Sei-i-Tai-Shōgun, 20

Séki-ga-hara, battle of, 32

Senate (Genrō-in), 137

Sendai, daimiō of, 30, 33

Seoul, 215

Shaho, River, battle of the, 262

Shibusawa, Baron, 177

Shigéno, Professor, 288

Shimabara, insurrection of, 30

Shimada Saburō, 165

Shimadzu Saburō, 55, 78, 79, 80, 127, 129, 130, 186

Shimoda, Mrs., 295

Shimoda, opening of, 46

Shimonoséki, Straits of, closing of, 57; destruction of forts at, 58; French arrangement regarding, 108

Shimonoséki, Treaty of, 222

Shimpei, or “New Soldiers,” 82

Shin Nippon, the, 277

Shin sect, the, 142, 287

Shingon sect, the, 143

Shinran Shōnin, Buddhist priest, 142

Shintō, Department of, 73; Court religion, 147; form of nature-worship, 139, 140; funerals, 146

Shizoku, or gentry, 90; discontent of, 126

Shōgun, the, creation of, 20; 315absence of personal rule of, 21, 22, 23

Shōgunate, Tokugawa, authority of, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38; decline of, 50; fall of, 63, 64

Shōguns, mentioned, Yoritomo, 24; Iyémitsu, 30; Iyéyasu, 32; Hidétada, 38; Iyésada, 51; Iyémochi, 56; Kéiki, 62

Shōguns and Mikados, 23

Shōguns and Court nobles, relations between, 301

Shōgun’s domains, the, extent of, 36; revenue from, 84

Short Exhortation to the People, A, 296

Shoshidai, or Shōguns, Resident in Kiōtō, 37

Shōtoku Taishi, Prince, 142

Sian-fu, flight of Chinese Court to, 242

Siberia, intervention of Allies in, in Great War, 281

Society, before Restoration, classification of, 20

“Society of Political Friends” (Seiyūkai), 201

Sōga family, the, 18

Sōshi, or political rowdies, 160, 202

Sovereign, impersonality of Japanese, 21

Sovereign, terms used to designate Japanese, 40

Soyéshima, Count, 121, 302

Spanish missionaries, 28

Specie payments, resumption of, 175

“Spheres of interest,” 237

State services, feudal (Kokuyéki), 34

Statutes of the Chinese Eastern Railway, 229

Stirling, Admiral, 46

Stoessel, General, 262

Succession to the throne, 190

Suiko, Empress, 142

Sung school of Confucianism, 150

Supreme administration, department of, 73

Surplus population, outlet for, 120

Swords, the wearing of, in Satsuma, 128

Ta-lien-Wan leased to Russia, 231; retreat of Chinese fleet to, 220, 228

Taikun (see Tycoon)

Tai-wön-kun, the, Regent of Korea, 215

Taigiōsho, or ex-Shōgun, 39

Taira family, the, 20

Tairō, the, or Regent, 50, 52, 55

Taishō, or era of “Great Righteousness,” 70

Taku Forts, storming of the, 242

Takushan, 261

Tanégashima, 27

T’ang dynasty, the, 18

Taoism, 144

Tariff, amendment of, 61

Tariff autonomy, 272

Taxation, land, revision of, 99, 101, 104; made uniform, 105

Technical schools, 297

Tendai and Shingon, sects of Buddhism, 142, 143

Terashima, Count, 74

Territorial jurisdiction, the question of, 207

Things Japanese, 143

“Three Great Laws,” the, 156, 184

Throne, the, 18, 19; constitutional prerogatives of, 188; exalted respect for, 182; ineffective authority of, 181; intervention of, 201; restricted rights of, 38; subservience of, under Iyéyasu and his successors, 37

Tientsin Convention, the, 216

Tientsin, taking of, in Boxer campaign, 242

Time, methods of reckoning, 69, 70, 71

Ting, Admiral, 221

Title, to land, how determined, 105

Title-deeds, 100, 101, 105

Titles, in feudal times, territorial and official, 40, 42; modern, 173

Tōgō, Admiral, 217, 259

Tokimuné (Hōjō Regent), 24

Tōkiō, or “Eastern Capital,” new name for Yedo, 79; centre for political parties, 168

Tōkiō University, 293

Tokugawa Iyéyasu, first Tokugawa Shōgun, 32

Tokugawa Shōgunate, the, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37; decline of, 50, 60; fall of, 63, 64

Tonkin Frontier, rectification of the, 226

Torres, 27

Tosa clan, the, 71

Tosa, daimiō of, 33, 35, 50, 53, 63

Tosa and Hizen, political union of, 137

Tozama, daimiōs, 34

Trade, effect of, abolition of feudalism on, 94; hampered state of, 82

Trade quarters in towns, 195

“Tranquillity of the People, The,” 181

Trans-Siberian Railway, the, 227

Transition, Japan in state of, 305

Treaties, first with Foreign Powers, 46; revised treaties, 61; new treaties, 209, 240, 272

Treaties, early working of, 108

“Treaty limits,” 48, 182

Treaty Ports, for foreign residence and trade, 48, 61

Treaty of Portsmouth, 264

Treaty Powers, sympathy of, with difficulties of Japanese Government, 114

316Treaty revision, agitation for, 110, 179; early desire for, 48; Conferences, 178; course of negotiations, 204, 205, 206; Great Britain takes initiative, 207, 209; other Powers fall into line, 240

“Tribute,” exaction of, by new Government, 83

Tsarevitch, attempt on life of, 194

Tsushima Islands, 25

Tsushima Straits, naval battle in, 263

Tuan, Prince, 241

Twenty-one Demands, the, 278

Two-clan government, 133, 275

Tycoon, the (Taikun), 23, 46, 54, 64, 66

U-in, 80

Udajin, 80

“Union for the establishment of a parliament,” 156

United States and Japan, friendly relations between, 265; later friction, causes of, 265, 266

Universities, instruction in, 297

Uraga, Commodore Perry, at, 45

Uwajima, daimiō of, 50, 53

Uyéhara, Mr., 157

Vendettas, 303

Vladivostok, Russian squadron at, 259, 262

Waldersee, Count, 242

War taxes, imposed after Russian war, 105

Waséda College, the, 160

Weekly holiday, the, 71

Weihaiwei, retreat of Chinese fleet to, 220; Japanese capture of, 221; leased to Great Britain, 232

Western innovations, adoption of, 124

Western political literature, study of, 160

Western thought, the influence of, 297

Women, position of, 285; education of, 294, 295

Women’s University, the, 295

Worship of animals, the, 141

Written language, Japanese, 18, 113, 268

Xavier, 27; his warning to Spain, 31

Y.M.C.A. in Japan, 148

Yalu River, Russian defeat at the, 260

Yamaga Sokō, 149

Yamagata, Field-Marshal Prince, 174, 218, 221, 251, 255, 302

Yamaji, Mr. Y., 148

Yamato Damashii, or Japanese spirit, 150

Yano Fumiō, 165

Yashikis, or feudal residences, 53, 99

Yedo, seat of authority, 19, 66; renamed Tōkiō, 79; postponed opening of, 107

Yokohama, 46, 55, 58

Yoritomo, 20

Yuan Shih-kai, Chinese Resident in Seoul, 215, 241

Printed in Great Britain at

The Mayflower Press, Plymouth. William Brendon & Son, Ltd.

1922

Demy 8vo. With Illustrations & Plans. Price 32s. Nett

A DIPLOMAT IN JAPAN

The Inner History of the Critical Years in the Evolution of Japan when the Ports were opened and the Monarchy restored, recorded by a Diplomatist who took an active part in the events of the time, with an account of his personal experiences during that period

BY

THE RT. HON. SIR ERNEST SATOW

P.C., G.C.M.G., LL.D., D.C.L.

British Minister at Peking, 1900–5

Formerly Secretary of the British Legation at Tōkiō.

The Family Crest of the Tokugawa Shōguns.

SOME EARLY REVIEWS.

A truly remarkable series of impressions of memorable and notable scenes.

Sheffield Independent.

“SIR ERNEST SATOW DESCRIBES ONE OF THE MOST FATEFUL CHAPTERS IN THE HISTORY OF THE FAR EAST WITH THE AUTHORITY OF A CHIEF ACTOR in the scenes that he narrates.... He played his part not infrequently at the risk of his own life.”—Times.

“The renascence of Japan is unique in modern history. Half a century ago the country was governed by a feudal system more ancient than mediævalism.... The story of this wonderful transformation is told by Sir Ernest Satow who lived through it, and played a notable part in bringing it about.... Sir Ernest Satow recalls and will preserve a thousand details of a story the like of which has never been conceived in fiction.... Like his friend and colleague, the late Lord Redesdale, Sir Ernest Satow varied his official life in Japan with risky excursions full of incident and unconventionality.... THE MOST PICTURESQUE STORY OF A DIPLOMAT’S ADVENTURES THAT HAS APPEARED since Lord Redesdale’s famous book, which was based in part upon Sir Ernest’s lively diary.”—Yorkshire Post.

“A REMARKABLE BOOK.... The author has the ability to make his history interesting in the highest degree.... He saw everything that he wished to see. He had business with all classes of people from the temporal and spiritual rulers down to the humblest of the people.... Most valuable.... A book to be read with interest and profit by all who have to do with Japan.”—Dundee Courier.

“Sir Ernest penetrated the veil.”—London and China Express.

“Not the least interesting part of the book consists of the glimpses it gives into the inner workings of diplomacy.”—Manchester Guardian.

AMONG PRIMITIVE PEOPLES IN BORNEO

A Description of the Lives, Habits & Customs of the Piratical Head-Hunters of North Borneo, with an Account of Interesting Objects of Prehistoric Antiquity discovered in the Island

BY

IVOR H. N. EVANS, B.A.

Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute.

A Bornean Hat.

Demy 8vo. With Many Illustrations & a Map. 21s. Net

SOME EARLY REVIEWS.

“Supremely absorbing.”—Western Daily News.

“Contains an enormous amount of intensely interesting information about North Borneo.”—Sheffield Independent.

“AN ADMIRABLE BOOK FOR THE MANY WISTFUL WANDERERS WHOSE TRAVELLING MUST PERFORCE BE DONE BY PROXY. A valuable contribution to anthropology, handsomely Illustrated.”—The Times.

“Amply stocked with most interesting and valuable information.”—Glasgow Herald.

“A BOOK OF RARE MERIT, full of quaint personal experiences, vivid description, and shrewd comment.”—Sunday Times.

“There are no more interesting primitive peoples than those in Borneo. That they are or have been head-hunters makes them especially attractive to the general reader, if not to their neighbours. Their tribal life, moreover, is extraordinarily interesting. This is REALLY A VALUABLE CONTRIBUTION to the study of these peoples.”—Pall Mall Gazette.

“A valuable contribution to anthropology.”—Scotsman.

“IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO QUOTE HERE THE HUNDRED AND ONE INTERESTING THINGS WHICH ARE TO BE FOUND IN THIS BOOK. Messrs. Seeley, Service are to be congratulated on publishing books which are so full of valuable information, and at the same time so enjoyable to read.”—Glasgow Citizen.

“A fine volume. It presents the minutest details of the daily life and habits, social conditions, superstitions etc., of a primitive people, written by a man who had long experience of the people he describes. There are many illustrations and a good map.”—Newcastle Chronicle.

IN UNKNOWN CHINA

A Record of the Observations, Adventures and Experiences of a Pioneer of Civilization During a Prolonged Sojourn Amongst the Wild and Unknown Nosu Tribe of Western China

BY

S. POLLARD

Author of “In Tight Corners in China.”

Demy 8vo. With Many Illustrations & Maps. Price 25s. Nett

SOME EARLY REVIEWS.

“Fascinating, racy and humorous.”—Aberdeen Journal.

“An amazing record of adventure. Mr. Pollard is delightful from every point of view. By the valiance of his own heart and faith he wins through.”—Methodist Recorder.

“Mr. Pollard is not merely an interesting man, but a courageous one.... The first white man to penetrate into Nosuland where live the bogey-men of the Manchus.... This is a people that has struck terror into the hearts of the neighbouring Chinese by the cruelty and the fierceness of its valour.”—Sketch.

“Mr. Pollard’s book is laid where dwell amid almost unpenetrable hills a race the Chinese have never yet succeeded in subduing.”—Western Morning News.

“In addition to its engrossing matter, Mr. Pollard’s book has the attraction of a bright and pleasant style, which reveals at times a happy sense of humour, a characteristic feature not always very marked in this branch of literature.”—Glasgow Herald.

“Nosuland is a very interesting region.... Mr. Pollard has some awkward experiences. That, of course, makes his narrative all the more lively and interesting.”—Liverpool Post.

“Mr. Pollard during his travels held his life in his hand from day to day, and owed his ultimate safety to his own conciliatory prudence.”—Manchester Guardian.

“Full of adventure and strangeness, with many excellent photographs.”—Daily Mail.

“Very readable and valuable.... Admirably printed and generously illustrated.”—Bristol Times and Mirror.

UNEXPLORED NEW GUINEA

Travel, Adventure, and Observation amongst Head-Hunters and Cannibals of the unexplored interior

BY

WILFRID N. BEAVER

For many years Resident Magistrate in Western New Guinea.

A New Guinea Lakatoi.

Demy 8vo. With 32 Illustrations & 4 Maps. Price 25s. Nett.

SOME EARLY REVIEWS.

“A piquant and well illustrated book.”—Graphic.

“A vivid and carefully detailed record in which humour and horror keep company.”—Dundee Advertiser.

“Mr. Beaver has contributed much of value and interest to the gradually accumulating knowledge of New Guinea, and his premature death will prove a great loss to the science of anthropology.”—A. C. Haddon, M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S.

“A most valuable and informing book describing a weirdly fascinating country, and Mr. Beaver’s account is all the more valuable as it is the only book that deals with the western division as a whole.”—Aberdeen Journal.

“A true explorer who achieved much. The book deals with its most formidable division—the vast unknown West ... illustrated with unique photographs, and told in simple, modest language which can hardly fail to grip the reader.”—Country Life.

“The Ukairavi people are cannibals who used literally to regard the Morobai as a kind of larder from which supplies of fresh meat could be obtained together with a little excitement in the hunting of their victims.”—Glasgow Herald.

“May be taken as the first standard work on the interior of New Guinea ... contains a wealth of detail admirably illustrated. A really valuable and at the same time an intensely interesting book.”—Sheffield Telegraph.

SEELEY, SERVICE & CO., LTD., 38 GREAT RUSSELL STREET, W.C.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling.

Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed.