Index

Action, need of, 156, 257, 259, 318, 353, 363-365.

Aeschylus, 9, 10, 259, 324.

Alps, love of, 19, 52, 116, 329.

America, friends in, 105, 106, 170, 171; on policy of, 171, 198, 199, 280, 309.

Amnesty, 179, 201, 209, 217, 367.

Antologia, writes in the, 14.

"Art for the sake of Art," 147, 314.

Ashursts, 88, 106, 124, 144, 152, 184, 372.

Asia, Europe and, 309.

Aspromonte, 201, 202.

Assassination, charges of promoting, 48, 104, 164-167, 197; attempts to assassinate Mazzini, 142, 170.

Association, theory of, 270-272, 281, 295, 296.

Astronomy, interest in, 330, 362.

Authority, need of, 247, 248, 265.

Bakounine, Michel, relations with, 209, 219, 274, 283.

Bandiera, Attilio and Emilio, 103.

Beethoven, 322, 323.

Belgium, future of, 308.

Bentham, see Utilitarians.

Bertani, Agostino, 136, 185-187, 220.

Birds, love of, 15, 146, 185, 356.

Bismarck, relations with, 206, 215.

Blanc, Louis, 163, 287.

Browning, Robert and Mrs, 145, 150, 327.

Buonarrotti, Michelangelo, 41, 50.

Byron, 9, 20, 108, 140, 149, 150, 216, 316, 317, 326, 327, 352, 359, 360.

Carbonari, 2, 15-19, 22-24, 29, 35, 41.

Carlyles, friendship with, 78, 84-88, 93, 104, 141, 144, 146, 339; criticism of Thomas Carlyle, 84, 243, 249.

Catholicism, attitude towards, 98, 111, 112, 127, 131, 132, 181, 192, 226, 227, 245, 246.

Cavour, Camillo, 25, 160-162, 165, 172, 173, 177-179, 183-187.

Charles Albert, 42, 43, 46, 47, 100, 110, 115, 119, 121, 123, 124; letter to, 43-45, 348.

Chartists, 82, 83, 93, 283, 286.

Christianity, attitude towards, 8, 59, 127, 220, 225-233, 246, 253, 262, 263, 266, 350.

Christian Socialists, 233.

Church, need of a, 246; relations to the State, 246, 247, 278, 279.

Clergy, attitude towards, 130, 131.

Clough, Arthur Hugh, 129, 133, 148.

Collectivists, criticism of, 219, 287-290.

Conscience (consciousness), a criterion of truth, 240-242, 362.

Constantinople, future of, 309.

Contemplation, selfishness of, 258.

Cooperative Societies, scheme of, 194, 218, 293-295.

Council of best and wisest, 247, 248, 310, 311.

Cremer, W. Randal, 219.

Crimean War, criticism of, 151, 152, 172.

Crispi, Francesco, 173, 187, 205.

Criticism, theory of literary, 312-314.

Daily News, 153, 169.

Dante, 8, 9, 20, 74, 93, 101, 127, 197, 299, 317, 324.

Darwinism, relation to, 236, 330.

Death, must be faced for duty, 260.

Deism, criticism of, 235.

Democracy, attitude towards, 274, 276-278; and poetry, 316, 319, 320.

Denmark, future of, 308.

De Vigny, Alfred Victor, 9, 65.

Disraeli, Benjamin, 108, 197.

Dogma, importance of, 233, 234.

Donizetti, 322.

Drama, love of historical, 11, 320, 321.

Dudevant, Madame de (see George Sand).

Duncombe, Thomas, 104.

Duty, theory of, 26, 56, 57, 256-266, 290, 296, 362, 364.

Economic Principles, 254, 285, 286, 292, 330, 331.

Education, theories of, 265, 270, 272-275, 361-363.

England, love for, 83, 140; life and politics of, 82, 83, 150-152, 197, 198, 210, 219, 280, 332; foreign policy of, 105, 304, 305, 309, 310, 365; studies in literature of, 9, 149, 150; help from for Italy, 106, 152, 153, 193, 194 (see London).

Ethics, insufficient without religion, 224, 250; theories of, 249-263; sanction of, 263.

Europe, solidarity of, 302, 303, 309, 310; future of, 307-309 (see Young Europe).

Family life, remarks on, 65, 66, 72, 264-266.

Fanti, Manfredo, 49, 118, 123, 187.

Federalists (see Italian Unity).

Fenians, 199, 200.

Fletcher, Mrs Archibald, 83.

Florence, visits to, 126, 179-182, 186, 220.

Foreign policy, ethics of, 302-306.

Foscolo, Ugo, 3, 9, 12, 64, 93-95, 101, 108, 220.

France, policy of, 1830, 22, 35; ditto at Rome (1849), 134, 135; ditto in 1867, 212; the Third Republic in, 220; Mazzini's dislike of, 60, 134, 163, 220; as a nationality, 298, 300, 307; character of, 307 (see Napoleon).

"Free Church in a Free State," 247.

Freemason, not a, 213.

French Revolution, criticism of, 59, 232, 250.

Friendly Societies, 212, 218.

"Friends of Italy," 152, 153.

Fuller-Ossoli, Margaret, 86, 88, 129, 132, 138.

Gaeta, imprisonment at, 216, 217.

Gallenga, Antonio, 166.

Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 41, 118, 124; at Rome (1849), 134, 136, 137; in 1859, 181, 182; and Sicily, 173, 184-186, 355; wants to march to Rome, 187, 188; Mazzini's relations with (1861-1867), 200, 201, 203, 204, 212, 220; in England, 203, 204; policy in 1867, 211, 212.

Garrison, William Lloyd, 195, 210.

Gaskell, Mrs, 7, 145.

Geneva, life at and visits to, 19, 48, 138-140.

Genius, theory of, 241, 242, 331.

Genoa, early life at, 1-4, 13, 15; politics at, 39, 40, 42, 46, 47, 50, 65; visits to, 171, 173-175, 185, 210, 213, 214, 217, 220; buried at, 221.

Geography, interest in, 299, 330, 363; as a basis of nationality, 299.

"George Sand," 90-92.

Germany, future of, 215, 307; character of, 306; attitude towards alliance with, 205, 214; dislike of German professors, 275; German music, 322.

Gioberti, Vincenzo, 41, 61, 96, 101, 127.

God, belief in, 80, 234-236, 250.

Goethe, 9, 13, 324-326, 364.

Government, theory of, 247, 275, 278, 279.

Graham, Sir James, 104.

Greco, Pasquale, 166, 197, 198.

Greece, future of, 308, 309.

Greville Street, school in, 98, 142.

Guerilla fighting, 33.

Guerrazzi, Francesco Domenico, 9, 13, 14, 65, 114, 126.

Happiness, not an end of life, 255, 256, 364; dislike of, 339.

Hegel, 10, 275.

Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 10, 242.

Herzen, Alexander, 204.

History, theories of, 331, 350.

Holland, future of, 308.

Hugo, Victor, 9, 315, 321.

Humanity, theory of, 231, 236, 242, 243, 261, 297.

Hungary, hopes of rising in, 158, 177, 193; future of, 309.

Ideals, necessity of, 239, 240, 249, 250, 288.

Immortality, belief in personal, 80, 144, 237, 238, 357, 358, 364.

Individualism, 272, 327.

Insurrection, policy of, 33, 45, 48-50, 61, 102, 103, 125, 157, 158, 168, 193, 218, 349.

International, The, attack on, 219.

Intuition, 240-242, 244, 245, 277, 330, 351.

Irish Question, remarks on, 107, 199, 200.

Italy, condition of in 1830, 20-22; politics in 1845-47, 100-103; events of 1848-49 in, 114-125, 128; politics in (1850-1858), 154-164; politics in (1859-1860), 177-188; condition of after 1860, 191, 192; war of 1866, 205-207; Republican movement in, 209; Mazzini's belief in mission of, 26, 60, 126-128, 192, 248, 295, 307, 310, 311, 322.

Italian Unity, popular demand for, 20, 21, 31, 121; Mazzini's advocacy of, 31, 32, 111, 117, 155, 180, 181, 192, 211; how far his work, 32, 154, 336.

Jowett, Benjamin, 145, 147, 148, 273.

Kossuth, Louis, 153, 169, 170-1.

Lamartine, Alphonse, 318.

Lamennais, 59, 89, 90, 93, 250.

Landor, Walter Savage, 153, 165.

Lausanne, visits to, 52, 70, 138, 140.

Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre, 146, 171, 199.

Left, Parliamentary, 205, 209, 212.

Leghorn, 13, 40, 114, 126, 217.

Lesseps, Ferdinand de, 135.

Liberty, theory of, 269, 270, 272, 273, 278, 351.

Lincoln, President, 196, 199.

Linton, W. J., 88, 106, 153.

Literature, principles of, 11, 12, 312-321; as a basis of nationality, 299; Mazzini's literary work, 13, 14, 39, 64, 65, 92-94, 108, 109, 139, 149, 196, 197, 213, 312, 329, 330.

Local Government, theories of, 194, 307.

London, life in, 73-98, 140-148, 195, 196, 210; feelings about, 73, 74, 78, 140, 141.

Lugano, 65, 125, 126, 182, 184, 202, 204, 210, 213.

Malleson, Mr and Mrs W., 144, 198, 361-363, 371.

Mameli, Goffredo, 66, 136, 137.

Mandrot, Madeleine de, 70-72.

Manin, Daniele, 163, 164, 166.

Manzoni, Alessandro, 9, 11, 12, 101.

Marseilles, life at, 36-38, 47, 48; visit to, 138.

Marx, Karl, see Collectivists.

Materialism, attacks on, 59, 224, 285, 288.

Mazzini, Antonia (sister), 220.

Mazzini, Francesca (sister), 80, 81.

Mazzini, Giacomo (father), 1, 58, 76, 81, 144.

Mazzini, Giuseppe, childhood and youth, 1-7; early literary studiesand writings, 8-11; life in 1827-30, 14, 15, 344, 345; Joins the Carbonari, 15-18; imprisoned and exiled, 18, 19; founds Young Italy, 24-34, 36-41, 345; at Marseilles, 36-38, 47, 48, 345, 346; plans a rising in Piedmont, 42, 45-47; letter to Charles Albert, 42-45, 348; at Geneva, 48; Savoy raid, 48-50, 346; life in Switzerland, 50-56; mental crisis, 55-57; political schemes (1834-36), 58-61; founds Young Switzerland, 62, 63; and Young Europe, 63, 64; literary work (1834-36), 64, 65; his women friends and love, 65-72; life in London (1837-47), 73-89, 97, 98, 103-109; literary work (1837-47), 92-94, 109; political work (1839-45), 95-99, 102, 103; school for Italian boys, 97, 98, 142; relations with the Bandieras, 103; letters opened in English Post-Office, 103-105; founds People's International League, 106; attitude towards Moderates, 29, 110, 111, 113, 114, 120; policy in 1847, 110-114; at Milan, 116-120, 123; preaches the People's War, 125; at Florence, 126; Triumvir at Rome, 126-138; in Switzerland, 139, 140; life in England (1850-1859), 140-148; literary work (1849-59), 139, 149; founds Society of Friends of Italy, 152, 153; attempts to assassinate, 142, 170; political work (1850-57), 154-164, 167-177, 350-356; attitude towards Cavour, 160-162, 172, 173, 176, 183; attitude towards Napoleon III., 140, 162, 163, 177, 179, 190, 193, 199; Genoese plot of 1857, 174, 175; policy in 1858-59, 176-182; policy in 1860, 183-188, 359, 360; policy in 1861-66, 189-194, 200-207; disappointment in Italy, 191; life in England (1860-66), 195-200; Greco plot, 197, 198; attitude towards Garibaldi, 200, 201; intrigue with Victor Emmanuel, 202-204; meets Garibaldi in England, 203, 204; failing health, 195, 210; elected deputy for Messina, 209; organises Republican Alliance, 211-214; writes From the Council to God, 213, 218; intrigues with Bismarck, 215; imprisoned at Gaeta, 216, 217; policy after 1870, 218; attacks the International, 219, 220; illness and death, 220, 221.

—— religious theories, 222-248, see Catholicism, Christianity, Church, God, Immortality, Materialism, Mysticism, Pantheism, Protestantism, Providence, Religion; his own religion, 4, 8, 25, 57, 80, 148, 229, 230, 248, 334, 335, 362; desire to be a religious reformer, 248, 334, 335; value as a thinker, 222, 330-332, see Conscience, Darwinism, Dogma, Genius, Humanity, Philosophy, Progress, Science, Tradition, Unity, Utopias; ethical theories, 249-266, see Duty, Happiness, Ideals, Intuition, Moral law, Personal morality, Pietism, Rights, Utilitarianism; value as a moral teacher, 332-334; political theories, 267-282, see Association, Democracy, Foreign policy, Government, Individualism, Liberty, Patriotism, Republicanism, Sovereignty, Spiritual Power, State, Universal Suffrage, War; position as a politician, 335-337; theories of education, 265, 270, 272-275, 361-363; social theories, 283-295, see Collectivists, Cooperative Societies, Economic principles, Nationalisation, Property, Taxation, Social Reform, Socialism; theory of Nationality, 296-311; literary theories, 11, 12, 312-328, see Byron, Dante, Drama, History, Poetry, Romanticism; writings, 13, 14, 39, 64, 65, 92-94, 108, 109, 139, 149, 196, 197, 213, 312, 329, 330; theories of music, 321-323, 350.

—— personal appearance, 6, 36, 37, 143, 210; character, 6, 7, 57, 79-81, 109, 148, 210, 337-341; sense of mission, 58, 96, 333; impulse to action, 156, 259, 318, 353, 363-365; tendency to unhappiness, 55-58, 78-80, 339, 340; poetic temperament, 329, 330; love of system-making, 28, 29; dislike of compromise, 110, 111, 156, 190, 333; charity, 97, 142, 216; tolerance, 129-131, 338; love of nature, 19, 52, 116, 141, 210, 216, 329; love of children, 146; love of birds, 15, 146, 185, 356; interest in women's questions, 65, 91, 219, 265, 278, 365, 366; love of family life, 65, 66, 72, 264-266; as a conversationalist, 147; as a public speaker, 106, 153; money affairs, 53, 76, 77, 108, 109, 141, 142, 196.

—— belief in Italy and Rome, 26, 60, 126-128, 192, 295, 307, 310, 311, 312; advocacy of Italian Unity, see Italian Unity; interest in working classes, see Working Classes; views as to assassination, see Assassination.

Mazzini, Maria Drago (mother), 1, 53, 58, 67, 81, 108, 144, 162, 340.

Mentana, 212.

Messina, elected deputy for, 209.

Mexico, Napoleon's schemes in, 199.

Meyerbeer, 147, 322.

Mickiewicz, 10, 140.

Middle classes, appeals to, 27, 99; deserted by, 109, 157, 170; social reform and, 290.

Milan, 114-120, 123, 124, 168, 169, 214.

Milner-Gibson, Mrs, 106, 144, 357, 371.

Modena, Gustavo and Giulia, 40, 138.

Moderates, attitude towards, 101, 102, 110, 111, 113, 118-120, 125; see Piedmontese Party.

Monarchy, attitude towards, 30, 120, 155, 180, 181, 194, 208, 211, 279, 280.

Moral Law, supremacy of, 249, 267, 285, 300.

Music, love of, 6, 133, 145-147; theories of, 321-323, 350.

Mysticism, interest in, 197, 236.

Naples, visits to, 187, 188, 216.

Napoleon, Louis (afterwards Napoleon III.), 40, 134, 135, 140, 161, 162, 176-183, 186, 190, 197, 201, 206, 287.

Nathan, Giuseppe and Sarah, 210.

Nationalisation, projects of, 131, 194, 293.

Nationality, moral basis of, 296, 297, 302; marks of, 298-301; national missions, 107, 306, 307; should be large, 198, 307.

Non-intervention, attack on, 151, 304, 305, 360.

Odger, George, 219.

Orsini, Felice, 165, 167.

Pallavicino Trivulzio, Marquis Giorgio, 188.

Palmerston, Viscount, 105, 203.

Panizzi, Antonio, 89.

Pantheism, criticism of, 235.

Papacy, see Catholicism.

Patriotism, 232, 265, 267, 301, 302.

People's International League, 106.

People's War, 125.

Personal morality, preaches, 264, 286, 338; dependant on environment, 267, 268; essential to patriotism, 301.

Philosophy, studies in, 10; insufficient without religion, 224, 225.

Piedmont, army plot in, 42, 45-47.

Piedmontese party, 154-156, 159-161, 173.

Pietism, criticism of, 257, 258.

Pilo, Rosalino, 184.

Pisa, death at, 221.

Pisacane, Carlo (Duke di San Giovanni), 136, 139, 174.

Pius IX., 110-112, 114; Mazzini's letter to, 111, 112.

Plombières, agreement of, 177, 179.

Poetry, theories of, 313-321, 324, 352, 353, 361; Mazzini's, 329, 330, 369.

Poland, plans to assist, 193, 194, 202; literature of, 10, 327; future of, 306, 308, 309.

Post-Office scandal, 103-105; see 197.

Progress, theory of, 236-239, 257, 362.

Property, rights of, 270, 291.

Protestantism, attitude towards, 150, 152, 227, 240, 244.

Providence, belief in, 125, 233, 235-237, 239, 257, 285, 288, 296, 299, 350.

Race as an element of nationality, 298.

Ramorino, General, 49, 50.

Rattazzi, Urbano, 201, 211, 212.

Realism in literature, 314-315, 361, 364.

Reclamation of waste lands, 292, 293.

Religion, Mazzini's, 4, 8, 25, 57, 80, 148, 229, 230, 248, 334, 335, 362; essential to society, 222-225, 288; in politics, 26, 60, 223, 224, 240; projected book on, 11, 139, 140, 149.

Renan, criticism of, 220, 235.

Republicanism, advocacy of, 30, 31, 44, 60, 61, 111, 113, 117-120, 125, 126, 155, 164, 167, 180, 186, 194, 208, 209, 211, 365; theory of, 30, 279-281.

Ricasoli, Baron Bettino, 179, 180, 182, 187, 201, 206, 211.

Rights, attack on theory of, 59, 250-256.

Romanticism, criticism of, 9, 12, 13, 320.

Rome, faith in, 126-128, 311; in 1848, 121, 125, 126; republic at, 128-138; policy respecting (1860-1870), 187, 192, 193, 205, 211-213; passes through in 1870, 217.

Rosselli, Pellegrino and Janet Nathan, 217, 221.

Rossetti, Gabriele, 89.

Rossini, criticism of, 147, 322.

Roumania, future of, 309.

Ruffini, Agostino, 7, 65, 73, 75, 76, 78.

—— Marchesa Eleonora Curlo, 8, 15, 56, 67, 68, 80-82, 370.

—— Giovanni, 7, 8, 73, 75, 76, 78.

—— Jacopo, 7, 39, 47, 56, 80, 96.

Russia, foreign policy of, 306, 308, 309.

Saffi, Count Aurelio, 139, 141.

Savona, imprisonment at, 18.

Savoy, views on, 42, 308; projected raid into, 49, 50; cession of, 183.

Scandinavia, future of, 308.

Schiller, 9, 320, 321, 324, 364.

Science, views on, 330.

Secret societies, 33, 34.

Seely, Charles, 203, 204.

September Convention, 204, 205.

Shaen, William and Mrs, 37, 88, 106, 144, 147, 152, 349, 366, 371, 372.

Shakespeare, 9, 317, 324, 325, 357.

Sicily, plans for revolutionising, 170, 173, 181, 183, 186.

Sidoli, Giuditta, 48, 55, 68-71, 126, 171, 191, 220, 371.

Slavery, views on, 198, 349-352.

Slavs, literature of, 10, 299, 308, 327; future of, 149, 308, 309.

Social reform, advocacy of, 27, 28, 99, 132, 220, 232, 254, 283-285, 350; plans of, 194, 289-295.

Socialism, criticism of, 99, 271, 287-289, 291, 295.

Sovereignty, theory of, 275, 276.

Spain, future of, 308.

Spinoza, criticism of, 235.

Spiritual power, theories of the, 246-248, 278, 279.

Spiritualism, aversion to, 197.

Stansfeld, Sir James and Mrs, 88, 106, 144, 145, 152, 195, 197, 210, 218, 366.

State, the, moral basis of, 267, 268, 275, 276; duties of, 269-275; ideal form of, 281, 282; relations to the church, 246, 247, 278, 279.

Swinburne, Algernon C., 145, 217.

Switzerland, life in, 51-56, 63; politics of, 62, 308; see Geneva, Lausanne, Lugano.

Taine, Hippolyte, 217.

Taxation, principles of, 293.

Taylor, Peter and Mrs, 88, 106, 144, 152, 352-357, 359-361, 365, 371.

Theory of dagger, the, see Assassination.

Times, The, 104, 153, 164-166.

Toynbee, Joseph, 88, 98.

Tradition: a criterion of truth, 242-244, 362.

Tyrol, 206, 208, 308.

Umbria, projected attacks on, 181, 186.

Unity of life, 8, 236, 245, 350; of belief, 245, 246, 273, 274.

Universal suffrage, 277, 278.

Utilitarianism, criticism of, 251-256, 362.

Utopias, condemns, 243, 289.

Venice, plans to free, 187, 188, 192, 193, 200.

Vico, 10, 242.

Victor Emmanuel II., attitude towards, 162, 165, 166, 180, 181, 186, 188; intrigue with, 202-204.

Wagner, Richard, anticipates, 323.

War, views on, 33, 151, 305, 306.

Werner, 65.

Women's questions, interest in, 65, 91, 219, 265, 278, 365, 366.

Wordsworth, 9, 150, 235, 237, 315, 318.

Working classes, belief in, 27, 28, 41, 97-99, 157, 158, 213, 285, 366; sympathy for, 268, 283, 284; moral interests of, 285-287.

Young Europe, 46, 63, 64.

Young Italy, first mention of, 13; principles of, 24-34, 165; foundation of, 36-41; subsequent history of, 54, 95-99, 109; results of, 100.

Young Switzerland, 62, 63.

Made At The Temple Press Letchworth in Great Britain