FOOTNOTES:
Reading edition
[1]
See Memoirs of Lord Castlereagh, 1848, Vol. i. p. 34.
[2]
It is now Carlyle's turn to be aspersed. Let Mazzini speak for him from the grave: 'I do not know if I told you,' he wrote to the Marchesa Eleonora Curlo Ruffini, in a letter published a few months ago, 'that I have met upon my path, deserted enough, I hope, by choice, a Scotchman of mind and things, the first person here, up till now, with whom I sympathise and who sympathises with me. We differ in nearly all opinions, but his are so sincere and disinterested that I respect them. He is good, good, good; he has been, and I think he is still, unhappy in spite of the fame which surrounds him; he has a wife with talent and feeling; always ailing; no children. They live out of town, and I go to see them every now and then. They have no insular or other prejudices that jar upon me. I have grown more intimate with this man in consequence, I think, of an article I wrote here, after knowing him, against an historical work of his; perhaps, accustomed as he is to common-place praise, to which he is indifferent, my frankness pleased him. For the rest I shall see him rarely, and I can only give him esteem and the warmest sympathy—not friendship, which I can henceforth give to no one.' (22nd March 1840.)
[3]
On the production of Verdi's opera, I Lombardi alla prima Crociata, the Austrian Archbishop of Milan wished the Commissary of Police to prohibit the performance because it treated of sacred subjects. When it was recognised as one of the accelerating causes of the revolution, he drily remarked that they would have done better to take his advice. The grand chorus, 'O Signore dal tetto natiò,' in which the censor had only seen a pious chant, became the morning-song of national resurrection.
[4]
Long live who has money and who has none.'
[5]
Of Garibaldi's foreign officers, Colonel (afterwards General) Dunne was one of the most marked personalities. When quite a young man he sold his commission in the English army and took to fighting under many flags. In the Crimean War he commanded a company of Bashi Bazouks. He had in him more than a dash of Gordon, of Burton, and like them he could do what he chose with untamed natures. If he was not obeyed fast enough he adopted rather strong measures. A Sicilian company, under fire for the first time, failed to show sufficient promptitude in executing an order to escalade a wall and jump into a garden, from which the enemy was keeping up a brisk fire. Dunne caught up half-a-dozen of the men into his saddle and pitched them bodily over the wall. The effect was singular, for seeing the Garibaldians falling from the clouds, the Neapolitans took to their heels, exclaiming: 'They can fly! they can fly!' Generally, however, he infused his own courage into all who served under him with a touch, perhaps, of his own fatalistic mysticism. It was a strange experience to hear this courteous, mild-mannered gentleman lament that Rome had not been burnt down; the disappearance of the scene of so many awful crimes he regarded necessary as a moral sanitary measure.
Of Garibaldi's foreign officers, Colonel (afterwards General) Dunne was one of the most marked personalities. When quite a young man he sold his commission in the English army and took to fighting under many flags. In the Crimean War he commanded a company of Bashi Bazouks. He had in him more than a dash of Gordon, of Burton, and like them he could do what he chose with untamed natures. If he was not obeyed fast enough he adopted rather strong measures. A Sicilian company, under fire for the first time, failed to show sufficient promptitude in executing an order to escalade a wall and jump into a garden, from which the enemy was keeping up a brisk fire. Dunne caught up half-a-dozen of the men into his saddle and pitched them bodily over the wall. The effect was singular, for seeing the Garibaldians falling from the clouds, the Neapolitans took to their heels, exclaiming: 'They can fly! they can fly!' Generally, however, he infused his own courage into all who served under him with a touch, perhaps, of his own fatalistic mysticism. It was a strange experience to hear this courteous, mild-mannered gentleman lament that Rome had not been burnt down; the disappearance of the scene of so many awful crimes he regarded necessary as a moral sanitary measure.
INDEX
Albrecht, Archduke, 364, 369.
Alessandria, 225.
Alfieri, 8, 18.
Alemann, General, 379.
Amedeo, Prince, 169, 344, 368.
Amadeus, Victor, 73.
Amadeus with the Tail, 172.
Ampère, 237.
Andreoli, Giuseppe, 51.
Antonelli, Cardinal, 101, 130, 184, 189, 191, 398, 409.
Anzani, Francesco, 124.
Appel, General, 140.
Arnim, Count, 409.
Aspre, d', General, 104, 139, 140.
Aspromonte, 300, 348, 350.
Austerlitz, 5.
Azeglio, Massimo d', 73, 74, 113, 175, 190, 195, 206.
Bandiera, 67-68.
Bassi, Ugo, 154, 163.
Bastide, Jules, 117
Bava, General, 106, 114.
Bazaine, Marshal, 243
Beauharnais, Eugène, 6-9.
Beauregard, Costa de, 224.
Bellegarde, Marshal, 9-11.
Benedek, 240, 244, 245.
Bentinck, Lord William, 7, 11, 13, 14.
Bentivegna, Count, 209.
Berlin, Congress of, 399.
Bertani, Dr, 231, 297, 309.
Beust, Count, 400.
Bianchi, B. dei, 330.
Bismarck, 358, 397-8, 408.
Bixio, 101, 272, 301, 318, 360, 368, 408.
Boccheciampi, 68.
Borjès, Josè, 331.
Brescia, Revolution at, 142, 232, 343.
Briganti, General, 301, 302.
Brofferio, 179.
Bronzetta, Pilade, 318, 320.
Bubna, Count, 43.
Brunetti, Angelo, 82.
Buol, Count, 223.
Buonaparte, Joseph, 6.
Buonaparte, Lucien, 213.
Cadorna, Gen., 408-9, 410-11.
Caiazzo, 316.
Cairoli, Benedetto, 281, 380, 391.
Calabria helps Garibaldi, 300.
Calandrelli, 184.
Calatafimi, 278.
Calderai del Contrapeso, 24.
Campo Formio, Treaty of, 4.
Canrobert, General, 229.
Capponi, 39, 135.
Caprera, 221, 325, 328, 337, 385, 396.
Capua, War around, 305, 318;
capitulation, 326.
Carignano, Prince of, 30, 32, 37.
Carignano. Eugene de, 333.
Carlyle, Thomas, 69.
Caroline, Queen, 13.
Casati, 100.
Caserta, 314, 318.
Carusso, 331.
Castelfidardo, 337.
Castelnuovo, burning of village, 107.
Castel Sant Elmo, 306, 307.
Castiglione, Count, 370.
Castlereagh, Lord, 11, 12, 14, 27.
Cattaneo, ; party of,100.
Cavour, Count, 85;
becomes minister, 192;
resolves Piedmont shall join Allies in Crimean War, 202;
visits England, 204;
meets Napoleon at Plombières, 247;
resigns office, 249;
recalled, 260;
resolves to invade Papal States, 310;
Garibaldi's veterans, 335;
Rome to be capital, 337;
death, 339.
Centurioni, Society of, 78.
Charette, General, 389.
Charles III, 208, 236.
Charles Albert, 30, 31, 34, 36, 38, 46;
accession 56;
Re Tentenna, 74;
promulgates Charter, 94;
retreat to Milan, 114;
abdicates, 141;
burial, 181.
Charles Emmanuel. 19, 30.
Charles Felix, Duke of Genoa, 30, 31, 36, 56.
Charles Ludovico, 87.
Chiavone, General, 330.
Chretien, General, 284, 286.
Chrzanowski, 139, 140.
Cialdini, General, 322, 328, 332, 348, 366, 370, 337.
Cipriani, L.255.
Civita Vecchia, the French at, 391-408.
Clam Gallas, Count, 243.
Clarendon, Lord, 185, 206.
Clary, General, 292.
Clotilde, Princess, 217, 218.
Colonna, General, 281.
Commacchio, 16.
Confalonieri, Count, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 64.
Conneau, 216.
Corsini, Prince, 130, 135.
Corti, Count, 399.
Cosenz, 301, 308, 360.
Cowley, Lord, 260.
Crispi, Francesco, 269, 292, 294.
Cristina, Princess, 238.
Crocco, 331.
Custozza, 114, 370.
Dalmatia, sold with Venice, 364.
Dante, 1-3, 341, 363.
De Castillia, 42.
Del Bosco, 290, 291.
Depretis, Agostino, 293.
D'Este, Francis. 31, 51.
Dolfi, Giuseppe, 235.
Drouyn de Lhuys, 184.
Dunne, Colonel, 289, 319.
Durando, General. 102, 107, 112.
Eboli. 303.
Elliot, Mr, 314.
Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg, 199, 266.
Falloux, de, 185.
Fanti, General, 257, 312, 334.
Farini, L.C., 73, 127, 237, 255, 257, 333, 339.
Faro, Cape of, 297, 298, 300.
Favre, Jules. 215, 397.
Ferdinand II., 48, 90, 92, 93, 102, 188, 237.
Ferdinand III., 12, 26, 28.
Ferdinand, Emperor of Austria, 118.
Ferrara, Austrians in, 16.
Ferretti, Cardinal, 82.
Fleury, General, 247.
Florence, capital of Italy, 352-411.
Forbes, Commander, 304, 305.
Foscolo, Ugo, 17, 18.
Fra Giacomo. 201, 339.
Francis I., 47.
Francis II., 238, 267, 295, 299, 306, 327, 330.
Francis Joseph, Emperor, 119, 160, 227, 240, 242, 249.
Gaeta, Fall of, 317-326.
Gamba, Pietro, 24, 50.
Gambetta, 399.
Gaminara, Emmanuele, 9.
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 64, 120;
declared enemy of the State, 121;
in South America, 123;
marries Anita, 123;
in Rome, 148;
death of Anita, 158;
leaves Caprera, 221, 256-263;
Sicilian expedition, 256;
march on Naples, 298;
Battle of Solferino, 319;
of Garigliano, 323;
returns to Caprera, 325, 334, 347;
wounded, 349;
arrested, 383;
in Rome, 391;
defeat at Mentana, 394;
death, 414.
Garibaldi, Menotti, 257, 280, 286, 386, 392.
Garigliano, Battle of, 323.
Genoa, ceded to Sardinia, 13-15.
Genoa, Charles Felix, Duke of, 30-32.
Ghio, General, 302, 303.
Giacinta di Collegno, 38.
Gioberti, 78, 133.
Gladstone, W.E., 187.
Goito, Battle of, 112.
Gravelotte, Battle of, 405.
Gregory XVI., 50, 76, 77.
Guerrazzi, 135, 136.
Gyulai, Count, 227, 230, 231, 240.
Haynau, General, 145, 162.
Hess, General, 228, 230, 242.
Hilliers, Baraguay d' , 229.
Hoche, 5.
Hortense, Queen, 55.
Humbert of the White Hands, 172.
Immaculate Conception, Doctrine of, 77.
Jesuits, 51, 75, 128, 379.
Kanzler, General, 392.
Kellersperg, Baron von, 227.
Klapka, General, 357
Kohlen-Brenners, 22.
Kossuth, 246, 253.
Kuhn, General, 372.
Laderchi, Count, 40.
La Farina, 295.
La Gala, 331.
Lamartine, 117.
La Marmora, General, 170, 171, 202, 348, 352, 348, 348, 361-366
Lamoricière, General, 311, 313.
Lannes, Marshal, 231.
Lanza, General, 282, 283, 286, 403, 406, 407.
Le Boeuf, General, 379.
Leo XII., 49.
Leopardi, 186.
Leopold II., 89, 159, 234.
Lesseps, Ferdinand, 151, 154.
Letizia, General, 284, 286.
Liborio Romano, 306.
Lincoln, President, 343.
Lissa, Battle of, 374.
Lodi, 4.
Lombardy, trials in, 40;
Revolution, 100, 162.
Louis Philippe, 128.
Lucca, 16.
Machiavelli, 2, 3, 52, 412.
MacMahon, Marshal, 229, 233, 244, 406.
Magenta, Battle of, 232, 234, 236.
Malghella, 23.
Malmesbury, Lord, 223.
Mamelli, Goffredo, 154, 155.
Manin, Daniel, 99, 116, 160, 168, 203.
Mantua, Prince Eugene in, 8-10;
gallant defence, 105.
Manzoni, Alessandro, 19.
Margaret, Queen, 199, 401.
Maria Adelaide, Queen, 169.
Maria Teresa, Queen, 31.
Marie Louise, Empress, 12, 31;
death, 88.
Marie Sofia, Princess, 237.
Mamiani, Terenzio, 126, 131.
Maroncelli, Pietro, 44.
Marryat, Captain, 274.
Marsala, 274, 276, 345.
Martinengo, Count, 145.
Mary, Princess, of Cambridge, 205.
Mastai Ferretti, Cardinal, 77.
Matilda, Archduchess, 401.
Maximilian, Archduke, 211.
Mazzini, Giuseppe, 53, 57, 58;
early life, 59;
becomes a Carbonaro, 60;
Association of Young Italy, 63;
takes refuge in England, 66;
writes 'Duties of Man,'67;
meets Garibaldi, 120;
at Rome, 132, 157;
letters from Orsini, 214;
protests against Napoleonic war, 220;
in Naples, 313, 354-357;
corresponds with the king, 398;
arrested, 407;
death, 413.
Medici, Giacomo, 124, 125, 155, 231, 273, 289, 292, 301, 318, 360.
Melegnano, Battle of, 240.
Menabrea, General, 388-395, 400-402.
Menechini, 25.
Menotti, Ciro, 52, 55, 64.
Mentana, Battle of, 392-397, 404.
Merode, Marquis de, 330.
Messina, held by Royal troops, 290;
evacuated, 295.
Metternich, Prince, 15, 32, 46, 56, 83, 84, 86, 95, 400.
Mezzacapo, 237.
Micca, Pietro, 36.
Milan, revolt, 8-10;
fighting in the city, 95;
Austrians depart, 233.
Milano, Ageslao, 208.
Milazzo, Battle of, 290.
Mincio, Battle of. 107, 241, 365, 366, 369.
Minghetti, Marco, 101, 129.
Minto, Lord, 87, 116.
Misilmeri, 280.
Misley, Dr, 52.
Missori, Major. 291.
Modena, revolution in, 53.
Monreale, 278.
Montalembert, 185.
Montanelli, Giuseppe, 112, 135, 136.
Monti, 16.
Montebello, Battle of, 231.
Morelli. 25, 29.
Moro, Domenico, 68.
Moscow, retreat from, 8.
Mundy, Admiral, 282, 283, 287, 288, 314, 320, 324, 354.
Murat, Joachim, 6, 7, 10, 13, 23.
Napier, Lord, 90, 92.
Naples, 25-29, 101;
massacre, 110;
misrule in, 186-187;
Garibaldi's march on, 299;
King enters, 324.
Napoleon Buonaparte, 2-10, 240.
Napoleon III., 55;
elected President of French Republic, 119, 149;
letter to Ney, 185;
attempt on his life, 212;
compact at Plombières, 217, 253;
demands Nice and Savoy, 260-262;
era of peace, 358.
Napoleon, Prince, 185, 229, 235, 351, 406.
Nélaton, Dr, 349.
Ney, Edgar, 185.
Nice, cession of. 221, 224, 258, 262.
Nicotera, 209, 297.
Niel, 229, 244.
Ninco-Nanco, 330.
Normanby, Lord, 117, 228.
Novara, 37-39;
battle of, 141, 412.
Nugent, General, 107, 112, 113, 143.
O'Donnel, Count, 95.
Oliphant, Laurence, 263, 266.
Olivier, Emile, 405.
Orsini, Colonel, 280.
Orsini, Felice, 213, 216.
Oudinot, General, 150, 156.
Palermo, strange discovery, 92;
Sicilian expedition, 271-290;
insurrection, 381.
Pallavicini, Giorgio, 42, 137, 309, 314, , , 360.
Palma, 330
Palmerston, Lord, 83, 111, 117, 161, 266, 282, 355, 371.
Panizzi, Anthony, 52.
Paris, Treaty of, 13;
Congress of, 185.
Parma, 12-16.
Passaglia, 341.
Pastrengo, Battle of, 109.
Peard, Colonel, 303-306.
Pellico, Silvio, 40, 43.
Pepe, Guglielmo, 29, 111, 126.
Périer, Casimir, 53.
Persano, Admiral, 274, 288, 308, 372, 377.
Peschiera, 112, 240, 242, 248.
Petitti. General, 378.
Petre, 81, 82.
Piacenza, garrisoned by Austrians, 16.
Piedmont, Revolution in, 33;
struggle within the Church, 189-192.
Pietri, 253.
Pilone, 330.
Pilo, Rosalino, 170, 278.
Pisacane, Carlo, 209.
Pius VII., 12, 49.
Pius VIII., 50.
Pius IX., 78;
election, 79, 93;
grants constitution, 101;
encyclical letter, 108;
flight to Gaeta, 130;
calls foreign aid to support temporal power, 132;
thanksgiving, 183, 259;
character, 311;
calls to arms, 363, 408;
death, 413.
Plombières, meeting between Napoleon and Cavour 217.
Poerio, Carlo, 90, 126, 134.
Pralormo, Count, 176.
Prina, General, 8.
Prince Consort, 198, 258.
Radetsky, 96, 104, 111, 139, 162, 167, 195, 249.
Raimondi, Captain, 35.
Rattazzi, 138, 200, 207, 252, 260, 340, 342, 350, 382, 384.
Reggio, 301, 347.
Renzi, Pietro, 73.
Ricasoli, Baron, 135, 235, 236, 255, 335, 340, 361.
Rienzi, Cola di, 132.
Rimini, 9.
Risorgimento, 194.
Rolandis, de, 51.
Romagna, Carbonarism in the, 24, 50.
Rome, Entry of French, 157;
French depart from, 382;
declared capital, 412.
Romeo, Domenico, 90.
Rossaroll, General, 29.
Rossetti, Gabriele, 49.
Rossi, 81, 128.
Rouher, 397, 405.
Ruffini, Jacobo, 65.
Ruskin, J., 192.
Russell, Lord John, 252, 268, 274. 327.
Russell, Odo, 225.
Sadowa, Battle of, 370.
Salemi, 275.
Salerno, 305.
San Bon, 374.
Sanfedesti, Secret Society of, 50.
San Marino, 13, 73.
San Martino, Count, 408.
Santa Rosa, 191.
Santorre di Santa Rosa, 38.
Sardinia—War with Austria, 137.
Savoy, 13;
cession of, 221, 224, 258, 259, .
Schmidt, Colonel, .
Schwarzenberg, Prince, 176, 187, 243, 244.
Sella, Quintino, 361.
Settembrini, 209.
Sicily—Insurrection, 91;
Sicilian expedition, 266.
Silvati, 25, 29.
Sirtori, 272, 360.
Speri, Tito, 144.
Spielberg, 44.
Solaro della Margherita, 223.
Solferino, Battle of, 243, 245.
Superga, the, 181.
Talleyrand, Prince, 32, 260, 264.
Tardio, 330.
Tchernaja, Battle of, 202.
Tegethoff, Admiral, 373-377.
Theobald de Brie, 22.
Theodolinda, Crown of, 6.
Thiers, 175, 397, 404.
Thurn, General, 140.
Ticino, 120, 139, 226, 228, 233.
Tolentino, Battle of, 10.
Torelli, Prince, 134.
Tortona, 230.
Trazégnies, Marquis de, 331.
Trentino, 343, 363, 371.
Trescorre, 342, 343.
Türr, General, 315, 405.
Ulloa, General, 304.
Ultramontanes, 190, 259, 379, 404.
Umberto, Prince, 169, 344, 367, 368, 401.
Urban, 231, 232.
Vacca, Admiral, 374.
Vaillant, General, 229, 261.
Vecchj, Colonel, 328.
Venice, 3-5;
political trials in, 40-44;
Austrians expelled, 99;
re-occupied by Austria, 160-163, 251, 322, 356, 371;
united to Italy, 379.
Venosta, 350, 361, 407.
Verona, Congress of, 56.
Victor Amadeus, 181.
Victor Emmanuel I.,
at Turin, 12;
King of Sardinia, 30;
abdicates, 36;
recommends mercy, 38.
Victor Emmanuel II.;
accession, 141;
unpopularity, 165-166
visits English and French courts, 204;
invites Garibaldi to join his army, 221;
enters Milan, 234;
courage at Soferino,245;
peace with Austria, 249;
letter to Napoleon, 255;
hailed King of Italy, 323;
entry into Naples, 324;
in Venice, 380;
illness, 402;
visit to Berlin, 406;
death, 413.
Victoria, Queen, 261.
Vienna, Congress of, 13, 15, 32, 10;
Treaty of, 379.
Vimercati, Count, 168, 169.
Volturno, 307, 313, 315;
Battle of, 319.
Waddington, 399.
Welden, General, 127.
Wellesley, Admiral, 68.
Wellington, Duke of, 56.
William I., Emperor, 358, 408.
Wilmot, Lieutenant, 280, 284.
Wörth, Battle of, 405.
Wratislaw, 140.
Young Italy, Association of, founded by Mazzini, 63.
Zamboni, Luigi, 51.
Zedwitz, 243, 244,
Zobel, 232.
Zorzi, 126.
Zucchi, General, 54.
Zurich,
(Conference of), 257
(Treaty of), 258