The Institutes of JustinianFront matterJohn Baron Moyle translationChapter navigation102 reading sectionsGo to chapterChoose a chapter…Front matterPROOEMIVMBOOK I.TITLE I. OF JUSTICE AND LAWTITLE II. OF THE LAW OF NATURE, THE LAW OF NATIONS, AND THE CIVIL LAWTITLE III. OF THE LAW OF PERSONSTITLE IV. OF MEN FREE BORNTITLE V. OF FREEDMENTITLE VI. OF PERSONS UNABLE TO MANUMIT, AND THE CAUSES OF THEIR INCAPACITYTITLE VII. OF THE REPEAL OF THE LEX FUFIA CANINIATITLE VIII. OF PERSONS INDEPENDENT OR DEPENDENTTITLE IX. OF PATERNAL POWERTITLE X. OF MARRIAGETITLE XI. OF ADOPTIONSTITLE XII. OF THE MODES IN WHICH PATERNAL POWER IS EXTINGUISHEDTITLE XIII. OF GUARDIANSHIPSTITLE XIV. WHO CAN BE APPOINTED GUARDIANS BY WILLTITLE XV. OF THE STATUTORY GUARDIANSHIP OF AGNATESTITLE XVI. OF LOSS OF STATUSTITLE XVII. OF THE STATUTORY GUARDIANSHIP OF PATRONSTITLE XVIII. OF THE STATUTORY GUARDIANSHIP OF PARENTSTITLE XIX. OF FIDUCIARY GUARDIANSHIPTITLE XX. OF ATILIAN GUARDIANS, AND THOSE APPOINTED UNDER THE LEX IULIATITLE XXI. OF THE AUTHORITY OF GUARDIANSTITLE XXII. OF THE MODES IN WHICH GUARDIANSHIP IS TERMINATEDTITLE XXIII. OF CURATORSTITLE XXIV. OF THE SECURITY TO BE GIVEN BY GUARDIANS AND CURATORSTITLE XXV. OF GUARDIANS' AND CURATORS' GROUNDS OF EXEMPTIONTITLE XXVI. OF GUARDIANS OR CURATORS WHO ARE SUSPECTEDBOOK II.TITLE I. OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF THINGSTITLE II. OF INCORPOREAL THINGSTITLE III. OF SERVITUDESTITLE IV. OF USUFRUCTTITLE V. OF USE AND HABITATIONTITLE VI. OF USUCAPION AND LONG POSSESSIONTITLE VII. OF GIFTSTITLE VIII. OF PERSONS WHO MAY, AND WHO MAY NOT ALIENATETITLE IX. OF PERSONS THROUGH WHOM WE ACQUIRETITLE X. OF THE EXECUTION OF WILLSTITLE XI. OF SOLDIERS' WILLSTITLE XII. OF PERSONS INCAPABLE OF MAKING WILLSTITLE XIII. OF THE DISINHERISON OF CHILDRENTITLE XIV. OF THE INSTITUTION OF THE HEIRTITLE XV. OF ORDINARY SUBSTITUTIONTITLE XVI. OF PUPILLARY SUBSTITUTIONTITLE XVII. OF THE MODES IN WHICH WILLS BECOME VOIDTITLE XVIII. OF AN UNDUTEOUS WILLTITLE XIX. OF THE KINDS AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HEIRSTITLE XX. OF LEGACIESTITLE XXI. OF THE ADEMPTION AND TRANSFERENCE OF LEGACIESTITLE XXII. OF THE LEX FALCIDIATITLE XXIII. OF TRUST INHERITANCESTITLE XXIV. OF TRUST BEQUESTS OF SINGLE THINGSTITLE XXV. OF CODICILSTITLE I. OF THE DEVOLUTION OF INHERITANCES ON INTESTACYTITLE II. OF THE STATUTORY SUCCESSION OF AGNATESTITLE III. OF THE SENATUSCONSULTUM TERTULLIANUMTITLE IV. OF THE SENATUSCONSULTUM ORFITIANUMTITLE V. OF THE SUCCESSION OF COGNATESTITLE VI. OF THE DEGREES OF COGNATIONTITLE VII. OF THE SUCCESSION TO FREEDMENTITLE VIII. OF THE ASSIGNMENT OF FREEDMENTITLE IX. OF POSSESSION OF GOODSTITLE X. OF ACQUISITION BY ADROGATIONTITLE XI. OF THE ADJUDICATION OF A DECEASED PERSON'S ESTATE TO PRESERVE THE GIFTS OF LIBERTYTITLE XII. OF UNIVERSAL SUCCESSIONS, NOW OBSOLETE, IN SALE OF GOODS UPON BANKRUPTCY, AND UNDER THE SC. CLAUDIANUMTITLE XIII. OF OBLIGATIONSTITLE XIV. OF REAL CONTRACTS, OR THE MODES IN WHICH OBLIGATIONS ARE CONTRACTED BY DELIVERYTITLE XV. OF VERBAL OBLIGATIONTITLE XVI. OF STIPULATIONS IN WHICH THERE ARE TWO CREDITORS OR TWOTITLE XVII. OF STIPULATIONS MADE BY SLAVESTITLE XVIII. OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF STIPULATIONSTITLE XIX. OF INVALID STIPULATIONSTITLE XX. OF FIDEJUSSORS OR SURETIESTITLE XXI. OF LITERAL OBLIGATIONTITLE XXII. OF OBLIGATION BY CONSENTTITLE XXIII. OF PURCHASE AND SALETITLE XXIV. OF LETTING AND HIRINGTITLE XXV. OF PARTNERSHIPTITLE XXVI. OF AGENCYTITLE XXVII. OF QUASI-CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONTITLE XXVIII. OF PERSONS THROUGH WHOM WE CAN ACQUIRE OBLIGATIONSTITLE XXIX. OF THE MODES IN WHICH OBLIGATIONS ARE DISCHARGEDTITLE I. OF OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM DELICTTITLE II. OF ROBBERYTITLE III. OF THE LEX AQUILIATITLE IV. OF INJURIESTITLE V. OF QUASI-DELICTAL OBLIGATIONSTITLE VI. OF ACTIONSTITLE VII. OF CONTRACTS MADE WITH PERSONS IN POWERTITLE VIII. OF NOXAL ACTIONSTITLE IX. OF PAUPERIES, OR DAMAGE DONE BY QUADRUPEDSTITLE X. OF PERSONS THROUGH WHOM WE CAN BRING AN ACTIONTITLE XI. OF SECURITYTITLE XII. OF ACTIONS PERPETUAL AND TEMPORAL, AND WHICH MAY BE BROUGHTTITLE XIII. OF EXCEPTIONSTITLE XIV. OF REPLICATIONSTITLE XV. OF INTERDICTSTITLE XVI. OF THE PENALTIES FOR RECKLESS LITIGATIONTITLE XVII. OF THE DUTIES OF A JUDGETITLE XVIII. OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONSBeginning of this editionNext chapter →PROOEMIVMAll chapters and sections (102)Opening pagesFront matterOther sectionsPROOEMIVMBooks1Book 1 · Other sectionsTITLE I. OF JUSTICE AND LAWTITLE II. OF THE LAW OF NATURE, THE LAW OF NATIONS, AND THE CIVIL LAWTITLE III. OF THE LAW OF PERSONSTITLE IV. OF MEN FREE BORNTITLE V. OF FREEDMENTITLE VI. OF PERSONS UNABLE TO MANUMIT, AND THE CAUSES OF THEIR INCAPACITYTITLE VII. OF THE REPEAL OF THE LEX FUFIA CANINIATITLE VIII. OF PERSONS INDEPENDENT OR DEPENDENTTITLE IX. OF PATERNAL POWERTITLE X. OF MARRIAGETITLE XI. OF ADOPTIONSTITLE XII. OF THE MODES IN WHICH PATERNAL POWER IS EXTINGUISHEDTITLE XIII. OF GUARDIANSHIPSTITLE XIV. WHO CAN BE APPOINTED GUARDIANS BY WILLTITLE XV. OF THE STATUTORY GUARDIANSHIP OF AGNATESTITLE XVI. OF LOSS OF STATUSTITLE XVII. OF THE STATUTORY GUARDIANSHIP OF PATRONSTITLE XVIII. OF THE STATUTORY GUARDIANSHIP OF PARENTSTITLE XIX. OF FIDUCIARY GUARDIANSHIPTITLE XX. OF ATILIAN GUARDIANS, AND THOSE APPOINTED UNDER THE LEX IULIATITLE XXI. OF THE AUTHORITY OF GUARDIANSTITLE XXII. OF THE MODES IN WHICH GUARDIANSHIP IS TERMINATEDTITLE XXIII. OF CURATORSTITLE XXIV. OF THE SECURITY TO BE GIVEN BY GUARDIANS AND CURATORSTITLE XXV. OF GUARDIANS' AND CURATORS' GROUNDS OF EXEMPTIONTITLE XXVI. OF GUARDIANS OR CURATORS WHO ARE SUSPECTEDBooks2Book 2 · Other sectionsTITLE I. OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF THINGSTITLE II. OF INCORPOREAL THINGSTITLE III. OF SERVITUDESTITLE IV. OF USUFRUCTTITLE V. OF USE AND HABITATIONTITLE VI. OF USUCAPION AND LONG POSSESSIONTITLE VII. OF GIFTSTITLE VIII. OF PERSONS WHO MAY, AND WHO MAY NOT ALIENATETITLE IX. OF PERSONS THROUGH WHOM WE ACQUIRETITLE X. OF THE EXECUTION OF WILLSTITLE XI. OF SOLDIERS' WILLSTITLE XII. OF PERSONS INCAPABLE OF MAKING WILLSTITLE XIII. OF THE DISINHERISON OF CHILDRENTITLE XIV. OF THE INSTITUTION OF THE HEIRTITLE XV. OF ORDINARY SUBSTITUTIONTITLE XVI. OF PUPILLARY SUBSTITUTIONTITLE XVII. OF THE MODES IN WHICH WILLS BECOME VOIDTITLE XVIII. OF AN UNDUTEOUS WILLTITLE XIX. OF THE KINDS AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HEIRSTITLE XX. OF LEGACIESTITLE XXI. OF THE ADEMPTION AND TRANSFERENCE OF LEGACIESTITLE XXII. OF THE LEX FALCIDIATITLE XXIII. OF TRUST INHERITANCESTITLE XXIV. OF TRUST BEQUESTS OF SINGLE THINGSTITLE XXV. OF CODICILSBook 3 · Other sectionsTITLE I. OF THE DEVOLUTION OF INHERITANCES ON INTESTACYTITLE II. OF THE STATUTORY SUCCESSION OF AGNATESTITLE III. OF THE SENATUSCONSULTUM TERTULLIANUMTITLE IV. OF THE SENATUSCONSULTUM ORFITIANUMTITLE V. OF THE SUCCESSION OF COGNATESTITLE VI. OF THE DEGREES OF COGNATIONTITLE VII. OF THE SUCCESSION TO FREEDMENTITLE VIII. OF THE ASSIGNMENT OF FREEDMENTITLE IX. OF POSSESSION OF GOODSTITLE X. OF ACQUISITION BY ADROGATIONTITLE XI. OF THE ADJUDICATION OF A DECEASED PERSON'S ESTATE TO PRESERVE THE GIFTS OF LIBERTYTITLE XII. OF UNIVERSAL SUCCESSIONS, NOW OBSOLETE, IN SALE OF GOODS UPON BANKRUPTCY, AND UNDER THE SC. CLAUDIANUMTITLE XIII. OF OBLIGATIONSTITLE XIV. OF REAL CONTRACTS, OR THE MODES IN WHICH OBLIGATIONS ARE CONTRACTED BY DELIVERYTITLE XV. OF VERBAL OBLIGATIONTITLE XVI. OF STIPULATIONS IN WHICH THERE ARE TWO CREDITORS OR TWOTITLE XVII. OF STIPULATIONS MADE BY SLAVESTITLE XVIII. OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF STIPULATIONSTITLE XIX. OF INVALID STIPULATIONSTITLE XX. OF FIDEJUSSORS OR SURETIESTITLE XXI. OF LITERAL OBLIGATIONTITLE XXII. OF OBLIGATION BY CONSENTTITLE XXIII. OF PURCHASE AND SALETITLE XXIV. OF LETTING AND HIRINGTITLE XXV. OF PARTNERSHIPTITLE XXVI. OF AGENCYTITLE XXVII. OF QUASI-CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONTITLE XXVIII. OF PERSONS THROUGH WHOM WE CAN ACQUIRE OBLIGATIONSTITLE XXIX. OF THE MODES IN WHICH OBLIGATIONS ARE DISCHARGEDBook 4 · Other sectionsTITLE I. OF OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM DELICTTITLE II. OF ROBBERYTITLE III. OF THE LEX AQUILIATITLE IV. OF INJURIESTITLE V. OF QUASI-DELICTAL OBLIGATIONSTITLE VI. OF ACTIONSTITLE VII. OF CONTRACTS MADE WITH PERSONS IN POWERTITLE VIII. OF NOXAL ACTIONSTITLE IX. OF PAUPERIES, OR DAMAGE DONE BY QUADRUPEDSTITLE X. OF PERSONS THROUGH WHOM WE CAN BRING AN ACTIONTITLE XI. OF SECURITYTITLE XII. OF ACTIONS PERPETUAL AND TEMPORAL, AND WHICH MAY BE BROUGHTTITLE XIII. OF EXCEPTIONSTITLE XIV. OF REPLICATIONSTITLE XV. OF INTERDICTSTITLE XVI. OF THE PENALTIES FOR RECKLESS LITIGATIONTITLE XVII. OF THE DUTIES OF A JUDGETITLE XVIII. OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONSTranslated into English by J. B. Moyle, D.C.L. of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law, Fellow and Late Tutor of New College, OxfordFifth Edition (1913)PROOEMIVM →