INDEX
Adrian Collins translation
Abraham, 123
Abu-Hanifah, 123
Achaemenidae, 176
Adair, 72
Adam, 118–9, 145
Æschylus, 14, 99
Agrippa, 17
Albigenses, 198
Alcæus, 94
Alexander the Great, 44, 175–6, 193
Alexandria, 61
Alexandrians, 38, 176
Algiers, 171
Alleghany race, 71, 172
Altaic languages, 183
Altai Mountains, 128, 141
Amalfi, 61
America, Anglo-Saxons of North, 39, 71, 160 n.
Anabaptists, 20
Anaxagoras, 14
Ancorso, 143
Andes, 115
Anglo-Saxons, 30, 69
Annam, 164
Anne, Queen, 42
Antilles, 50
Antioch, 60
Antonines, 15
Antoninus Pius, 11
Anubis, 66
Apollo, 108–9
Appius Claudius, 9
Arabs, 21, 58, 122–5, 177–9
Aral, Lake, 128
Aramaic, 194
Aranda, Count of, 52
Ararat, Mount, 142
Araucans, 119
Arbela, 33
Arcadia, 59
Arginusæ, 158
Aristophanes, 14, 157
Aristotle, 166
Arkansas, 71
Armagnacs, 12
Armenians, 58, 193
Arsacidæ, 177
Artibonite, 48
Aryan languages, 183, 188, 199
Aryavarta, 32
Aseddin, 129
Ashik-Pacha-Zadeh, 130 n.
Aspasia, 14
Assyria, 2, 7, 56, 79
Assyrians, 87, 126
Athene, 94
Athenians, 7; religion, 13, 17; art and politics, 157–8
Athens, 59, 104
Atlas, Mount, 141
Attila, 132
Aurelian, 17
Auvergne, 121
Aymaras, 85
Aztecs, 8, 13, 192
Baber, 129 n.
Babylon, 10, 194
Bagdad, 178
Baker, 137–8
Balaïbalan, 188
Bambaras, 180
Barrow, 121 n.
Basques, 194
Belgium, 92, 99
Berbers, 194, 201
Berlin, climate of, 38
Bernard, St., 69
Bichat, 24
Birman, 190
Blumenbach, 109–10, 119, 146
Bœotia, 59
Bordeaux, 60
Born, Bertran de, 197
Bossuet, 12
Brahmans, 32, 65; civilization, 83, 97, 209; religion, 142; pacifism, 161
Brazil, 125 n.
Bremen, 60
214Breton, language, 201
Brittany, 17, 44, 101 n.
Buddhists, 65, 97
Burgundian, 201
Bushmen, 187
Caciques, 171
Cadiz, 150
Cæsar, Julius, 15, 158
Calabrians, 121
Calvinists, 41
Camper, 108–10
Canaries, 144, 155
Cappadocians, 193
Capri, 60
Carians, 193
Caroline Islands, 173
Carthage, 13
Carthaginians, 35, 38, 66, 79
Carus, 54 n., 74 n., 111–4, 149
Catalans, 92
Catawhas, 172
Cato, 158
Catullus, 166
Caucasian, 119, 146
Caucasus, 127, 141–2, 187
Celtic languages, 189–90, 196–201
Celts, 32, 35, 172
Chagres, 61
Charlemagne, 150
Charles I, of England, 41; VII, of France, 43
Cherokees, 69, 71–2, 74, 121, 172
China, 7, 20; climate of, 56–7
Chinese, 33; as traders, 58; Chinese Christians, 64–5; material civilization, 87, 95–7; permanent characteristics, 138; language, 184–5
Chiquitos, 202
Chlodwig, 160 n.
Christianity, its fight against paganism, 45; relation to civilization, chap. vii passim
Cicero, 158
Cincinnatus, 11
Cingalese, 126
Cirionos, 53
Civilization, Guizot’s definition, 80–1; von Humboldt’s definition, 82; Gobineau’s definition, 91; list of —s, 211–12
Co-adjutor, 41
Columbus, 144
Confucius, 74 n.
Constantine, 15
Constantinople, 61, 128, 150
Coptic, 185 n.
Cordilleras, the, 64
Cordova, 29, 177
Corinth, 59
Coromandel Coast, 122
Cortes, 8, 192
Creeks, 71
Croats, 29
Cuba, 51
Cuvier, 118, 136, 141
Cuzco, 167
Cyrus the Great, 10
Dahomey, 48, 85
Damascus, 57
Dante, 198
Darius, 10, 33, 176
Davis, 96
Deccan, 147
Decius, 17
Degeneration, meaning of, 25
Delaware, 190
Delhi, 34
Demeter, 59, 94
Diocletian, 17, 96
Djelat-Eddin-Rumi, 188
Dodona, 175
Draco, 40
Druids, 44
Ecbatana, 175
Egypt, 2, 7, 56
Egyptians, 30, 80; civilization, 87; relations with Islam, 178
Ekkhili, 201
England, luxury in, 8; change in institutions, 42
English, as rulers of India, 34; civilization, 81, 92, 97–102
Epicurus, 13
Erie, Lake, 55
Eskimos, 64–5, 69, 131
Etruscans, 80, 121
Euhemerus, 16
Euphrates, 56
Europeans, physical and mental characteristics of, 107–8 and chaps. x, xii, xvi, passim
Euskara, 201, 203
Eve, 119
Fabii, 33, 159
Farnese Hercules, 108
Fatimites, 7
Fellatahs, 48
215Fénelon, 12
Ferdinand the Catholic, 41
Finns, 38, 127–32, 146
Flourens, 116
France, luxury in, 8; under English rule, 20; change in institutions, 43
Franklin, 180 n.
Franks, 199
French, civilization of, 81, 92; power of resistance, 152; language, 189, 196–201
Galerius, 16
Galla, 67
Gallatin, 72
Gallo-Romans, 11, 197
Garin le Loherain, 200–1
Gauls, the, independence of, 170
Gayaseddin-Keikosrev, 129
Genesis, Book of, 117–8
Genoese, 8, 79
Gerando, 132
Germanic tribes, 87, 91, 93, 128; language, 189–90, 198–9
Germany, religious wars in, 21
Gioberti, 151
Goethe, 83, 185 n.
Gothic, 190
Goths, 10, 197
Greece, 2, 7; Christianity in, 17; climate of, 59
Greeks, 8, 10; civilization, 87–8, 92, 94; religion, 142; relation to Persians, 174–6; language, 191–4
Grenada, 29
Grimm, Monsieur de, 49
Guaranis, 52–3
Guizot, 77–82
Gutenberg, 165
Ham, 29, 48
Hamites, 118, 146
Hanover, 92
Hanseatic towns, 60
Harmodius, 10
Hawaii, 47
Hayti, 48–51
Hedjaz, 178
Helvetius, 151
Henry IV, of France, 43
Heracles, Tyrian, 66
Hindus, 29–30, 76; civilization, 80, 87, 91; age of marriage among, 124
Holbach, Baron, 49
Holland, 92, 99
Homer, 157
Hottentots, 121, 180
Humboldt, A. von, 129 n., 132 n., 137 n., 144 n.
Humboldt, W. von, 82–4, 183 n., 187, 192, 195
Hungary, 29
Huns, 132
Huron, 37
Hussites, 20
Hybrids, fertility of, 115–7
Hyderabad, 34
Iberians, 172–3
Ibn Foszlan, 160 n.
Iliad, the, 199, 209
Illyrians, 172
India, 7; government of, by the English, 34; climate, 56–7; art, 104
Indians, North-American, see Redskins
Indians, South-American, 171
Ishmael, 122, 177
Isis, 66
Isola Madre, 144
Jamaica, 51
James I, of England, 42
Janissaries, 130
Japanese, 64, 80
Japhet, 118
Javanese, 45, 171
Jerome, St., 197
Jesuits, 51–3, 68, 125 n.
Jews, 3, 29; growth, 58–9; religion, 66; physical identity, 122–3; language, 194–5
Jovian, 11
Judæa, 13
Julia, 15 n.
Julian, 16
Jupiter, 13
Kabyles, 57
Kaffirs, 85, 180
Kalidasa, 157
Kalmucks, 108
Kamaun, 147
Kamehameha III, 47
Katai Mountains, 128
Kawi, 190
Khalil Chendereli, 130
Khorsabad, 126
216Kirghiz-Kasaks, 132
Klemm, 86 n.
Koran, 123–4
Krapff, 125 n.
Kurds, 29
Lællius, 14
Lahore, 34
Lander, 180
Languedoc, 122
Langue d’oil, 197, 199–201
Lapps, 69, 127, 131, 133
Latin, rustic, 196–7
Leila, 124
Lenni-Lenapes, 55 n., 190–1
Lingua romana, 189, 197–9
Littré, 199
London, mixture of races in, 150
Louis XIV, 12, 21, 151
Lucrece, 9
Ludolf, 114 n.
Lutherans, Danish, 69
Lycurgus, 40, 42
Lyons, 60
Macaulay, Lord, 198
Macedonians, the, 30, 175
Magadha, 7
Magi, 13
Magyars, 29, 131–3
Malabar, 122
Malays, 58, 111–3, 152, 208
Manchus, 20
Manu, Code of, 32
Marcius, Ancus, 15 n.
Marianne Islands, the, 172
Marseilles, 60
Martial, 166
Martinique, 51
Maximin, 16
Medusa, 109
Meiners, 107 n.
Memphis, 38
Meru, 142
Mexico, Gulf of, 55
Mieris, 113 n.
Milan, 60
Mississippi, 71
Missouri, 55
Mohammedans, 51, 177–9
Mohammed IV, 130
Mohammed (the Prophet), 177–8
Mongols, 20; Mongol Christians, 64; material civilization, 85; physical characteristics, 111–5, 150. See also Yellow Races
Montausier, the, 12
Montpellier, 178
Moors, 41
Moravians, 69, 161
Morosini, 193
Morton, 111
Mulattoes, 149, 209
Muskhogees, 172
Mussulmans, see Mohammedans
Napoleon, 41, 151
Narbonese Gaul, 44
Narbonne, 60
Natchez, 172
Negroes, incapacity for civilization, 74–5; physical and mental characteristics, chaps. x, xii, xvi, passim
Nero, 17
Nestorians, 29
Neustria, 133
New Zealanders, 152
Nimroud, 168
Nineveh, 104
Normandy, climate of, 144
Normans, 31, 60
Novgorod, 60
Numidia, 94
Nushirwan, 128 n.
Oceania, 46, 57, 107, 116, 162
Odenathus, 177
Oghuzes, 128–9
Olympia, 175
Olympus, Mount, 142
d’Orbigny, 163 n., 202
Orenburg, 76
Ortoghrul, 129
Osman, 129–30
Osmanlis, 129–30
Ostiaks, 127, 133
Othomi, 185 n.
Owen, 109–11
Palestine, climate of, 59
Palmyra, 177
Panama, 61
Paraguay, 51–3, 125 n.
Parana, 53
Paris, 10, 43, 60; mixture of races in, 150
Park, Mungo, 180
Parsees, 29
Parthenon, 193
Pathans, 76
Paul, St., 17
217Pecheray, 150
Pelagian, 150
Penn, 39
Pericles, 14, 94, 157
Permians, 133
Persepolis, 126, 176
Persians, 8, 13, 29–30, 33; relation to Greeks, 174–6; relation to Arabs, 178–9
Peru, 13, 85
Peruvians, 80, 115; civilization, 167; language, 192
Philæ, 104
Philip of Macedon, 94
Philip the Arabian, 177
Phœnicians, 9, 35, 57, 79
Picardy, 201
Piedmont, 87
Pindar, 94, 157
Pisans, 8, 79
Plato, 157, 166
Pliny, 159, 166
Plutarch, 5
Polynesians, 27, 85, 147
Pompeius, 158
Pontus, 7
Postumus, C. Junius, 159
Prætorian Guard, 16
Prakriti, 86
Prichard, 8, 73, chap. x passim, 123, 125, 137, 146
Prometheus, 142
Purusha, 86
Quaternary type, 149
Quichuas, 85, 115
Quito, 167
Radack Islands, the, 143
Ravenna, 61
Raynal, Abbé, 6
Rechabites, 122
Redskins of North America, their treatment, 46; skull-measurement, 111–2; exclusiveness, 170–1
Regent of France (Anne of Austria), 41
Rocky Mountains, 55
Roman Empire, fall of, 2–3, 33
Romans, 8, 9; civilization, 87, 92, 94–7; modernity, 158–9; diffusion of books among, 166
Rome, luxury in, 8; religion in, 13, 17, 66; climate of, 59–60
Rosa, St., 68
Roussillon, 122
Rubens, 113 n.
Rûm, 129
Russia, 8, 152
Russians, 76
de Sacy, 187
Sakuntala, 124
Salsette, 104
Samal, 143
Samoyedes, 27, 85, 127, 131
San Domingo, 48–51
Sandwich Islands, 46–7
Sanscrit, 188–91, 203
Saracens, 197
Sarah, 123
Sassanidæ, 177
Saxons, 29
Scandinavians, 133, 209
Schlotzer, 132
Scilly Isles, 173
Scipio, 14, 35
Scythians, 129 n., 133
Seljukians, 129–30
Seminoles, 172
Semites, 29, 118, 146
Semitic languages, 184, 188–9
Seneca, 161
Septimius Severus, 11
Shahnameh, the, 209
Sharuz, 128
Shelley, 37 n.
Shem, 29
Siamese, 164 n.
Siculi, 132
Sicyon, 175
Sidon, 57
Slavs, 32, 74, 92
Socrates, 14
Sophocles, 14
Spain, 20; Arabs in, 29
Spaniards, in South America, 46, 52; independence of, 170
Sparta, 59, 175
Spartacus, 159
Spartans, 9, 40, 79
Squier, 55 n.
St. Bartholomew’s day, 12
Strafford, Earl of, 41
Suetonius, 15 n.
Sufis, 188
Sulla, 158
Sulpicius Severus, 197
Swabia, 79
Switzerland, 124; climate of, 144
Syria, 79
218Syrians, 94, 172, 177–9
Tacitus, 5, 17
Tahitians, 154
Talmud, 195
Tatars, 146
Tchingiz, 129 n.
Tenochtitlan, 104
Terah, 194
Teresa, St., 69
Tertiary type, 147
Tertullian, 159
Teutates, 13
Thebaid, 69
Thirty Tyrants, 20
Thucydides, 6
Thuringia, 79
Tiberius, 60
Tibetans, 80, 91, 97
Tigris, 56
Tihuanaco, 167
Tlaxcala, 159
Tocqueville, de, 72 n.
Toledo, 29
Tonga-Tabu, 154
Tonkin, 164
Toulouse, 60
Touraine, 100 n.
Trajan, 11, 159
Treves, 60, 197
Tribunate, the, 9
Triptolemus, 59
Tungusians, 117, 127, 133
Turanians, 128
Turkestan, 128
Turkey, 29
Turks, 29, 127–31
Tylos, 57
Tyre, 13, 57
Ulea, 143
Ulfilas, 190
Ur, 194
Urkan, 130
Uruguay, 53
Valentia, 29
Valerius Publicola, 10
Valmiki, 157
Vaqueiras, Raimbaut de, 198
Venetians, 8, 79
Venice, 60
Venus, 108
Virgil, 166
Voltaire, 5
Vrolik, 114–5
Wallachians, 29, 190
Wanikas, 125 n.
Washington, 39
White races, definition, 146; see also Europeans
William III, of England, 21, 81
Xerxes, 176
Yellow races, physical and mental characteristics of, chaps. x, xii, xvi passim; definition, 146; see also Mongols
Yemen, 178
Yolofs, 180
Yo-kiao-li, 125 n.
Yunnan, 87
Zama, battle of, 35
Zend, 201
Zeno, 14
Zenobia, 177
Zerubbabel, 194
Zingaris, 124, 195 n.
Zita, St., 69
Zuleika, 124
PRINTED AT
THE BALLANTYNE PRESS
LONDON & EDINBURGH
THE RENAISSANCE
By COUNT ARTHUR DE GOBINEAU
Translated by Paul V. Cohn, with an Introductory Essay on Count Gobineau’s Life and Work, by Dr. Oscar Levy
One Volume, Demy 8vo, Illustrated, 10s net
LONDON: WILLIAM HEINEMANN
These five historical dramas cover the flowering time of the Italian Renaissance from the rise to prominence of Savonarola (1492) to the last days of Michael Angelo (about 1560). While grouped round the leading figures who provide the titles—Savonarola, Cesare Borgia, Julius II, Leo X, and Michael Angelo—the plays introduce almost every interesting character of the period. Nor are we only concerned with the great names; the author aims at catching the spirit of the people, and the thoughts and feelings of soldier, artisan, trader, and their womenfolk find ample voice in his pages.
The Italian Renaissance is an epoch of peculiar interest to English readers, not least because of its profound influence on our own Elizabethan age. It is perhaps the most many-sided period in history: even fifth-century Greece scarcely contributed so much—or at any rate so much that has survived-to the world of politics, art, and thought. Now while this interest is amply reflected in contemporary literature, from the monumental work of Symonds down to the flotsam and jetsam of everyday fiction, there is one kind of man who more than an historian would show insight into this age, and that is a poet.
It is as a poet’s work that Gobineau’s “Historical Scenes” recommend themselves to the public. But there are many kinds of poets; there is the religious and moral kind, there is the irreligious and sub-moral kind, and there is the super-religious and super-moral kind. Only the last-named can understand, can feel, can sympathise with such mighty figures as Cesare Borgia and Julius II—the religious poet being inclined to paint them as monsters, the sub-religious as freaks and neurotics. Similia similibus: equals can only be recognised by their equals, and Gobineau was himself a type of the Renaissance flung by destiny into an age of low bourgeois and socialist ideals. In a century swayed by romanticism and democracy, Gobineau was a classic and an aristocrat. He is a forerunner of Nietzsche (“the only European spirit I should care to converse with,” said Nietzsche of him in a letter), and as such is peculiarly fitted to deal with one of the few periods that was not dominated by the moral law. For this reason Gobineau cannot fail to attract the large and evergrowing circle of students of Nietzsche in this country and America.
“I can only add that this is a volume of serious import, worth reading from cover to cover, a book which even a jaded reviewer closes with a sigh of regret that he has not got to read it all over again.”—G. S. Layard in the Bookman.
“We scarcely know whether to be more struck with the truth or liveliness of these portraits. Savonarola, for example, is something more than the Savonarola of history and tradition. Not only is the character of the man subtly brought out; not only are we made aware, for the first time, adequately, of that devouring egotism which could see nothing but self as God’s instrument, self as the scourge of Florence, self as the inspired prophet; but beneath all this and vouching for it is the consciousness of the reality of the man, the consciousness that his cries of distress are real cries, and his moments of fierce aspiration and black despair genuine experiences. More touching and even more lifelike is the figure of Michael Angelo, a figure in the main familiar to us, but endowed with advancing years with a peace of mind, a lucidity of intelligence, and a breadth of sympathy such as were foreign to its young and stormy epoch. The last scene between Michael Angelo and Vittoria Colonna is a noble one, and can be read more than once with pleasure.”—The Morning Post.
“A debt is due to Dr. Oscar Levy for bringing before English readers this translation of that great work of Count Gobineau, in which, through the medium of the drama, he reveals his reverence for the spirit that inspired the Italian Renaissance. The plays constituting the book are five in number, ‘Savonarola,’ ‘Cesare Borgia,’ ‘Julius II,’ ‘Leo X,’ and ‘Michael Angelo,’—and nothing more brilliant has appeared in recent times. In scope we can only compare with it Mr. Hardy’s ‘Dynasts,’ but no more striking contrast could be conceived than the creations of these two geniuses. Through the pages of these plays moves the whole glittering pageant of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, a mob of soldiers, priests, artists, men and women, slaying, plundering, preaching, poisoning, painting, rioting, and loving, while out of the surgent mass rise the figures of the splendid three, Borgia, Julius, and Michael Angelo, dominating all by the sheer greatness of their ideas and their contempt for other men’s opinions. They are the great aristocrats of their time, and the five plays—really one in conception—are an assertion of the saving grace of aristocracy, of the glory of race, at a time when the democratic flood, whose source is Christianity, was beginning to pour over Europe, to the overwhelming of all greatness of thought and art. The translation, which is excellent, is by Paul V. Cohn.”—Glasgow Herald.
LONDON: WILLIAM HEINEMANN
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling.
Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed.