INDEX.

Average: rate per cent on debt, 123, 124;

average wealth of the rich, the well-to-do, the middle, and of the poor classes, 28, 29;

of over 27-millions, 51, 52;

average, for homes in debt, 113;

for farms in debt, 111, 112;

differences in averages of different authorities, 38;

—rents, see: Rent.

Blocks illustrating comparison of individual wealth, 50.

Bread-winners by C. D. Wright, 85.

Capita: per capita wealth, 27, 38;

per capita debt, 122, 123.

Capital: aids to increase production of wealth, 55-57;

concentration of capital increased, 140, 155.

Cities: per cent of the homeless in, 80;

cities’ families in debt, 114, 115;

large cities’ families in debt, 114, 115;

cities belong to 24 and 14 per cent of their population, 118, 132.

Comparison of the poor and the rich by dollars’ worth, 7, 8;

comparison in tables, 42;

of the family-groups, 39;

of the U. S. with France at the time of Revolution, 16;

with Rome, 17;

by Crosby Hon. Ino. Reciprocal comparison of the middle classes of two tables, 39.

Concentration: of wealth in higher spheres, 153;

of employees, 155, 156;

1st table of concentrated wealth, 150;

2d and final table of, 169;

explanation of this concentration, 170;

concentration of wealth increases, 180, 181;

concentration of wealth greater than the total increase of it, 170, 171.

Consumers’ opinion on remuneration of capital and laborers, 97, 98;

do not know the bases of justice and rights, 98, 99.

Debt: on farms, 111, 112;

on homes, 113;

increase of, 1880-89, 119-122;

increase of public debt, 167;

total debt on acres and lots in 1890, 121, 124-5;

192percentages of families in debt in cities, 114, 115;

debt of the U. S., states, counties, school districts, etc., foot note, 126;

of New York, foot note, 134;

amounts of, on real estate, 121;

per capita, 122;

extinguished debt, 12.68%, 122;

interest charge against debt, 124;

combined interest charge against families’ debt, 125, 126.

Distribution of wealth: 1st table, 28;

1st R. table, 29;

2d table, 32;

2d R. table, 36;

2d Right table, 45;

1st and 2d tables, 47. Table I, 6;

diagrams for conclusions of Mr. Holmes, 5;

diagrams for conclusions of Mr. Shearman, 12;

Table II;

conclusions of Mr. Shearman, 12;

diagrams for conclusions of Dr. Spahr, 20;

double table III for these diagrams, 21;

conclusions of Dr. Spahr, 18;

conclusions of Geo. K. Holmes, 5, 6.

Dividogenesure: definition and origin of, 70;

divides people into classes, 71;

its tacit power of enslaving the people or expelling into the sphere of charities, 72;

it enforces idleness, 73;

is the main cause of misery, 74;

is sister of primogeniture, 74;

is a pernicious principle, 74;

its favorites without moral responsibility, 75;

is a system of slavery distinct from any other slavery, 75, 76;

the propertyless are special victims of it, 92, 103-4;

is a foundation of iniquity, 87, 88;

implies degrees of hardship against its dependents, 117, 74;

its hardship according to the rates of gain from each employed individual, 103-4;

its rates are not wages, but pure losses, 106;

differs from primogeniture, 131;

future of the nation under dividogenesure, 106-7, 181.

Energy: human energy embodied in objects, 98;

crystallized in articles, 99;

human energy concentrates into the hands of speculators, 99, 100.

Extortion: from the public by excess of selling prices over cost of production, 158, 159;

by mining monopolies, 161;

by stock-watering, 173, 174.

Families: groups compared, 39, 42;

basis of family-worth, 39, 41, 42;

statistics of—occupying farms and homes, 79,—hire farms, 81,—hire homes, 81, 82;

farm families in debt, 111, 112;

193home-families in debt, 113;

table of farm and home families, 116;

one million of rich families, 92, 103-4;

dividends of the million families, 103, 104 and 138-9;

one million (families) masters, 181-2;

263,380 families of the well-to-do class included into the average of the poor of the 2d table, 32;

exposed by comparisons, 39, 42;

surplus million families found in the tenant group, 2d table, 32, 34, 35.

Farms: acreage of, 148;

rent per acre, 148-9;

acreage for the increased population, 164-5;

rent, 165;

increase of rented farms, 166;

percentage of incumbered farms, 166, 167;

farms in France, 49.

Future of the nation (possible), 106-7.

Gainful pursuits, persons engaged in, 91-2.

Galileo signed Jesuit Verdict, 16.

Germany, Berlin, 48, 49.

Great Britain, distribution of private property, 48, 49.

Herron, George (Professor dismissed from the Iowa College), 107.

Holmes, G. K. U. S. Census Expert on Mortgage Statistics, 6, 14, 15, 24;

not partisan, 33, 35.

Holmes, G. H., view on mortgages, 132.

House-Scarb defined, 8.

Income: daily income from the poor, 138-9;

gross incomes of the workers decreased, 143;

net incomes of many trusts omitted, 151-2;

net incomes of the owners of the central parts of cities, 152-3;

net incomes of the manufacture and mechanical trades, 157-8;

net incomes of the mining monopolies, 161;

total net incomes of the natural, mortgagee, rentable house, and land monopolies, 150;

total net incomes of all monopolies, etc., table, 169;

excess of the incomes over the total increase of wealth, 169, 170-1.

Inventions: as aid to human energy, 85, 86;

they are blessing and curse, 86;

inventors were a blessing to humanity, 98.

Landowners of England, Scotland, Holland and of Germany, 56.

Logical Premises, 5;

logical premises of life, 25.

194Losses: special of the wage-earners, 157;

special of the farmers, 160;

special of the miners, 161;

loss of the previous wealth by the people, 171;

total loss of wealth in 7 years by the U. S. people, 170.

Mayo Smith, Prof., compares French proprietorship of land with that of England, 49.

Monopolies: definitions of, Appendix II and III;

profits of the mortgagee, 145;

profits of the natural, 101, 145-6;

profits of monopolies of the rentable homes, 146-7;

profits of rentable lands, 149;

the total net incomes of 4 classes of monopolies, 150;

grand total of the total net incomes of the monopolies and combinations, 169;

explanation of the net incomes of the monopolies, 170-1.

See: Incomes, the excess of.

Mortgages: statistics of, 111;

development of, 119;

significance of, 128;

semi-optimistic views on, 128;

view of Mr. E. Atkinson on, 128-132;

of Mr. G. H. Holmes, 132;

view of Rev. Wm. D. P. Bliss, Editor of Enc. of Soc. Reform, 133;

Semi-pessimistic views: view of Mr. J. P. Dunn, Jr., Burden of Debt, 134;

losses of property by foreclosure, an example, 135, 136;

view of Mr. D. R. Goodloe, 136.

See: Debt.

Mulhall, Mr., comparison of farmers of different countries, 93.

Napoleon Bonaparte, 107-8.

Poor: grow absolutely poorer, 172.

Population: in families, 18;

in individuals, 5, 12;

increase of in 1897, 163, 164, 165;

in 1900, 182.

Primogeniture, Great Britain and Japan, 70, 74, 136.

Productivity of the Americans: on farm, 93;

in industry, 94, 95, 96.

Propertyless: “Less than half the nation,” 18;

“tenants,” group 1st, 2d table, 32;

causes of the increase of the propertyless, 52;

propertyless is a resourceless man of multiple expenditure, 61-68-71;

he is a source of multiple income for many propertied, 68;

without employment, 69;

pay rent or are expelled, 77-78;

unseen forces compel him to be a slave, 76;

more than half the population, 82;

made the nation in 1865, 85;

could build and inhabit 33 most populous cities, 83, 84;

195have nothing to hope for, 86-7;

number of in 1897, 179;

number of in 1900, 182.

Rates of interest are higher against the poor debtors, 127-8.

See: Debt.

Real estate indebtedness, 121.

See: Debt.

Rent: house rent per family, 147;

house rent on farms, 149;

rent paid for homes and farms by increased population, 164-5;

average house rent, 147;

for farms, 148-9;

totals of rent paid, table, 169;

according to Dr. Spahr for 1890, house and office, 152-3;

rent for 1900, 182-3-4.

Resources: of the propertied, 53-60;

of the propertyless, 61, 64-5;

a semi-resourced man, 68.

Rich: comparison of, 42;

deeper reasons why the rich grow absolutely richer, 172-3.

See: Distribution.

Rome, mistress of the world, 17.

Shearman, Tho. G., conclusions of, 11, 12, 24, 32;

his basis of averages differ, 38;

one average covers 89.4% of the entire population, 40.

Spahr, C. B., Dr. conclusions of, 18, 20, 24;

table, 28, 31.

See: Taxes.

Statistics of wealth, by J. K. Upton, special agent of the 11th census, 27, 181.

See: Mortgages.

Steam power: increase of, 57.

Taxes: proportions of national taxes, 175;

indirect taxes paid, 176;

decrease of national taxes, 176;

unjust to the poor, 176;

local taxes: proportions of, 176;

local taxes less unjust to the poor, 177;

local taxes paid, 178;

the poor pay taxes on gross incomes, 179;

total taxes paid by the rich and the poor, 178, 179;

taxes increased by the war, 180-1.

Tenants of farms and homes, 32;

the correct number of, table, 36.

See: Propertyless.

Trusts: definitions of, Appendix II;

development of, 154-156;

incomes of some trusts omitted, 151-2;

trusts more active, 180;

the view of Henry Brown, Associate Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court on trusts, 162.

Wages: economic doctrine of the rate of, 141;

wages would be twice as low, 141;

196artificially kept up, 142;

reports on the fall of wages, 142-3.

Waite, F. C., special agent of the 11th census in charge of True Wealth: ascertained the earnings of the natural monopolies for 1890, 99, 101.

Wealth: table of, 27;

accumulation of, 27;

True wealth, 99, 101;

land is the source of wealth, 54, 55;

average wealth per family, $5,125, table, 29, 47;

per capita, lower table, 27, 38, table, 51;

aggregates of wealth owned by different classes, 1st table, 29, 45;

wealth owned by individuals, table, 51;

chart, 50;

concentration of wealth, tables, 150, 169 (for 1897);

increase of wealth (for 1900), 181;

increase of in 7 years, 139, 140;

increased phenomenally, 140;

who profits by the increase of, 144-5;

concentration of in industries, 154;

largest fortunes of, increase most rapidly, Dr. Henderson, 172;

wealth reduced with the increased number of families, 171.

See: in the tax table, 178.