CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE of EMPERORS AND POPES.

Year of Accession. Bishops of Rome, or Popes. Emperors. Year of Accession

A.D. B.C.

Augustus. 27

A.D.

Tiberius. 14

Caligula. 37

Claudius. 41

42 St. Peter, (according to Jerome).

Nero. 54

67 Linus, (according to Jerome, Irenæus, Eusebius).

68 Clement, (according to Tertullian and Rufinus). Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian. 68

78 Anacletus (?).

Titus. 79

Domitian. 81

91 Clement, (according to later writers).

Nerva. 96

Trajan. 98

100 Evaristus (?).

109 Alexander (?).

Hadrian. 117

119 Sixtus I.

129 Telesphorus.

Antoninus Pius. 138

139 Hyginus.

143 Pius I.

157 Anicetus.

Marcus Aurelius. 161

168 Soter.

177 Eleutherius.

Commodus. 180

Pertinax. 190

Didius Julianus. 191

Niger. 192

193 Victor (?). Septimius Severus. 193

202 Zephyrinus (?).

Caracalla, Geta, Diadumenian. 211

Opilius Macrinus. 217

Elagabalus. 218

219 Calixtus I.

Alexander Severus. 222

223 Urban I.

230 Pontianus.

235 Anterius or Anteros. Maximin. 235

236 Fabianus.

The two Gordians, Maximus Pupienus, Balbinus. 237

Gordian the Younger. 238

Philip. 244

Decius. 249

251 Cornelius. Gallus. 251

252 Lucius I. Volusian. 252

253 Stephen I. Æmilian, Valerian, Gallienus. 253

257 Sixtus II.

259 Dionysius.

Claudius II. 268

269 Felix.

Aurelian. 270

275 Eutychianus. Tacitus. 275

Probus. 276

Carus. 282

283 Caius.

Carinus, Numerian, Diocletian. 284

Maximian, joint Emperor with Diocletian. 286

296 Marcellinus. [305(?)

304 Vacancy. Constantius, Galerius. 304(?)

Licinius. or 307]

308 Marcellus I. Maximin. 308

Constantine, Galerius, Licinius, Maximin, Maxentius, and Maximian reigning jointly. 309

310 Eusebius.

311 Melchiades.

314 Sylvester I.

Constantine (the Great) alone. 323

336 Marcus I.

337 Julius I. Constantine II, Constantius II, Constans. 337

Magnentius. 350

352 Liberius.

Constantius alone. 353

356 Felix (Anti-pope).

Julian. 361

Jovian. 363

Valens and Valentinian I. 364

366 Damasus I.

Gratian and Valentinian I. 367

Valentinian II and Gratian. 375

Theodosius. 379

384 Siricius.

Arcadius (in the East), Honorius (in the West). 395

398 Anastasius I.

402 Innocent I.

Theodosius II. (E) 408

417 Zosimus.

418 Boniface I.

418 Eulalius (Anti-pope).

422 Celestine I.

Valentinian III. (W) 424

432 Sixtus III.

440 Leo I (the Great).

Marcian. (E) 450

Maximus, Avitus. (W) 455

Majorian. (W) 455

Leo I. (E) 457

461 Hilarius. Severus. (W) 461

Vacancy. (W) 465

Anthemius. (W) 467

468 Simplicius.

Olybrius. (W) 472

Glycerius. (W) 473

Julius Nepos. (W) 474

Leo II, Zeno, Basiliscus (all E.) 474

Romulus Augustulus. (W) 475

(End of the Western Line in Romulus Augustus. 476)

(Henceforth, till A.D. 800, Emperors reigning at Constantinople).

483 Felix III[2].

Anastasius I. 491

492 Gelasius I.

496 Anastasius II.

498 Symmachus.

498 Laurentius (Anti-pope).

514 Hormisdas.

Justin I. 518

523 John I.

526 Felix IV.

Justinian. 527

530 Boniface II.

530 Dioscorus (Anti-pope).

532 John II.

535 Agapetus I.

536 Silverius.

537 Vigilius.

555 Pelagius I.

560 John III.

Justin II. 565

574 Benedict I.

578 Pelagius II. Tiberius II. 578

Maurice. 582

590 Gregory I (the Great).

Phocas. 602

604 Sabinianus.

607 Boniface III.

607 Boniface IV.

Heraclius. 610

615 Deus dedit.

618 Boniface V.

625 Honorius I.

638 Severinus.

640 John IV.

Constantine III, Heracleonas, Constans II. 641

642 Theodorus I.

649 Martin I.

654 Eugenius I.

657 Vitalianus.

Constantine IV (Pogonatus). 668

672 Adeodatus.

676 Domnus or Donus I.

678 Agatho.

682 Leo II.

683(?) Benedict II.

685 John V. Justinian II. 685

685(?) Conon.

687 Sergius I.

687 Paschal (Anti-pope).

687 Theodorus (Anti-pope).

Leontius. 694

Tiberius. 697

701 John VI.

705 John VII. Justinian II restored. 705

708 Sisinnius.

708 Constantine.

Philippicus Bardanes. 711

Anastasius II. 713

715 Gregory II.

Theodosius III. 716

Leo III (the Isaurian). 718

731 Gregory III.

741 Zacharias. Constantine V (Copronymus). 741

752 Stephen (II).

752 Stephen II (or III).

757 Paul I.

767 Constantine (Anti-pope).

768 Stephen III (IV).

772 Hadrian I.

Leo IV. 775

Constantine VI. 780

795 Leo III.

Deposition of Constantine VI by Irene. 797

Charles I (the Great). 800

(Following henceforth the new Western line).

Lewis I (the Pious). 814

816 Stephen IV.

817 Paschal I.

824 Eugenius II.

827 Valentinus.

827 Gregory IV.

Lothar I. 840

844 Sergius II.

847 Leo IV.

855 Benedict III. Lewis II. 855

855 Anastasius (Anti-pope).

858 Nicholas I.

867 Hadrian II.

872 John VIII.

Charles II (the Bald). 875

Charles III (the Fat). 881

882 Martin II.

884 Hadrian III.

885 Stephen V.

891 Formosus. Guido. 891

Lambert. 894

896 Boniface VI. Arnulf. 896

896 Stephen VI.

897 Romanus.

897 Theodore II.

898 John IX.

Lewis (the Child).[†] 899

900 Benedict IV.

Lewis III (of Provence). 901

903 Leo V.

903 Christopher.

904 Sergius III.

911 Anastasius III.

Conrad I. 912(?)

913 Lando.

914 John X.

Berengar. 915

Henry I (the Fowler). 918

928 Leo VI.

929 Stephen VII.

931 John XI.

936 Leo VII. Otto I (the Great). 936

939 Stephen VIII.

941 Martin III.

946 Agapetus II.

955 John XII.

Otto I, crowned at Rome. 962

963 Leo VIII.

964 Benedict V (Anti-Pope?).

965 John XIII.

972 Benedict VI.

Otto II. 973

974 Boniface VII (Anti-pope?).

974 Domnus II (?).

974 Benedict VII.

983 John XIV. Otto III 983

985 John XV.

996 Gregory V.

996 John XVI (Anti-pope).

999 Sylvester II.

Henry II (the Saint). 1002

1003 John XVII.

1003 John XVIII.

1009 Sergius IV.

1012 Benedict VIII.

1024 John XIX. Conrad II (the Salic). 1024

1033 Benedict IX.

Henry III. 1039

1044 Sylvester (Anti-pope).

1045(?) Gregory VI.

1046 Clement II.

1048 Damasus II.

1048 Leo IX.

1054 Victor II.

Henry IV. 1056

1057 Stephen IX.

1058 Benedict X.

1059 Nicholas II.

1061 Alexander II.

1073 Gregory VII (Hildebrand).

1080 (Clement, Anti-pope).

1086 Victor III.

1087 Urban II.

1099 Paschal II.

Henry V. 1106

1118 Gelasius II.

1118 Gregory, (Anti-pope).

1119 Calixtus II.

1121 (Celestine, Anti-pope).

1124 Honorius II.

Lothar II (the Saxon). 1125

1130 Innocent II.

(Anacletus, Anti-pope).

1138 Victor (Anti-pope). [*]Conrad III. 1138

1143 Celestine II.

1144 Lucius II.

1145 Eugenius III.

Frederick I (Barbarossa). 1152

1153 Anastasius IV.

1154 Hadrian IV.

1159 Alexander III.

1159 (Victor, Anti-pope).

1164 (Paschal, Anti-pope).

1168 (Calixtus, Anti-pope).

1181 Lucius III.

1185 Urban III.

1187 Gregory VIII.

1187 Clement III.

Henry VI. 1190

1191 Celestine III.

1198 Innocent III. [*]Philip, Otto IV (rivals). 1198

Otto IV. 1208

Frederick II. 1212

1216 Honorius III.

1227 Gregory IX.

1241 Celestine IV.

1241 Vacancy.

1243 Innocent IV.

[*]Conrad IV, [*]William, (rivals). 1250

1254 Alexander IV. Interregnum. 1254

[*]Richard (earl of Cornwall). [*]Alfonso (king of Castile), (rivals). 1257

1261 Urban IV.

1265 Clement IV.

1269 Vacancy.

1271 Gregory X.

[*]Rudolf I (of Hapsburg). 1272

1276 Innocent V.

1276 Hadrian V.

1277 John XX or XXI.

1277 Nicholas I

1281 Martin IV.

1285 Honorius IV.

1289 Nicholas IV.

1292 Vacancy. [*]Adolf (of Nassau). 1292

1294 Celestine V.

1294 Boniface VIII.

[*]Albert I. 1298

1303 Benedict XI.

1305 Clement V.

Henry VII. 1308

1314 Vacancy. Lewis IV. 1314

(Frederick of Austria, rival).

1316 John XXI or XXII.

1334 Benedict XII.

1342 Clement VI.

Charles IV. 1347

1352 Innocent VI. (Günther of Schwartzburg, rival).

1362 Urban V.

1370 Gregory XI.

1378 Urban VI, Clement VII (Anti-pope). [*]Wenzel. 1378

1389 Boniface IX.

1394 Benedict (Anti-pope).

[*]Rupert. 1400

1404 Innocent VII.

1406 Gregory XII.

1409 Alexander V.

1410 John XXII or XXIII. Sigismund. 1410

(Jobst of Moravia, rival).

1417 Martin V.

1431 Eugene IV.

[*]Albert II. 1438

1439 Felix V (Anti-pope).

Frederick III. 1440

1447 Nicholas V.

1455 Calixtus IV.

1458 Pius II.

1464 Paul II.

1471 Sixtus IV.

1484 Innocent VIII.

1493 Alexander VI. [*]Maximilian I. 1493

1503 Pius III.

1503 Julius II.

1513 Leo X.

Charles V.[3] 1519

1522 Hadrian VI.

1523 Clement VII.

1534 Paul III.

1550 Julius III.

1555 Marcellus II.

1555 Paul IV.

[*]Ferdinand I. 1558

1559 Pius IV.

[*]Maximilian II. 1564

1566 Pius V.

1572 Gregory XIII.

[*]Rudolf II. 1576

1585 Sixtus V.

1590 Urban VII.

1590 Gregory XIV.

1591 Innocent IX.

1592 Clement VIII.

1604 Leo XI.

1604 Paul V.

[*]Matthias. 1612

[*]Ferdinand II. 1619

1621 Gregory XV.

1623 Urban VIII.

[*]Ferdinand III. 1637

1644 Innocent X.

1655 Alexander VII.

[*]Leopold I. 1658

1667 Clement IX.

1670 Clement X.

1676 Innocent XI.

1689 Alexander VIII.

1691 Innocent XII.

1700 Clement XI.

[*]Joseph I. 1705

[*]Charles VI. 1711

1720 Innocent XIII.

1724 Benedict XIII.

1740 Benedict XIV.

[*]Charles VII. 1742

[*]Francis I. 1745

1758 Clement XII.

[*]Joseph II. 1765

1769 Clement XIII.

1775 Pius VI.

[*]Leopold II. 1790

[*]Francis II. 1792

1800 Pius VII.

Abdication of Francis II. 1806

1823 Leo XII.

1829 Pius VIII.

1831 Gregory XVI.

1846 Pius IX.

THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE.