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The History of the European Fauna

INDEX.

Reading edition

Ablepharus pannonicus, 258

Accentor collaris, 316 modularis, 317

Accidental distribution, 12, 26

Acipenser ruthenus, 29

Acme, 323

Adams, Leith, 112, 150

Ægean continent, subsidence of, 272-273

Agriolimax, 284

Alactaga jaculus, 204

Alca impennis, 92, 142

Alligator, accidental dispersal of, 14

Allolobophora Georgii, 115, 302 veneta, 115, 302

Alpine Accentor, 316 Chough, 317 fauna, survival of, during Glacial period, 332 flora, 341-348 flora, age of, 78, 79 flora, suitable conditions for, 78-79 Hare, as a test of climate, 316 Snow-finch, 318

Alps, component elements of fauna, 311-312

Alston, E. R., 312

Alytes cisternasii, 295 obstetricans, 295

Amalia, 284

America, introductions from, 24

American beetles in the British Islands, 167 plants, origin of, in the British Islands, 144 plants in Ireland, 166 sponges in Ireland, 166

Ampelis garrulus, 205

Amphibia of Europe, 193-194 dispersal of, 21

Amphicoma, 268

Andalusian Bush-quail, 291-292

Anergates, 167

Anglo-Scotian fauna, 95

Animals as tests of climate, 71-75

Antelope, 39

Ants, European origin of, 161

Apollo, 325

Apus glacialis, 94, 167

Aralo-Caspian Sea and Arctic Ocean, connection between, 219-231

Arbutus unedo, 110, 307

Arctic animals in Caspian Sea, 238 flora in Europe, 238-241 Hare, origin of, 148-149, 158-159 Hare, range of, 136-138 Lepidoptera, 200 plant-beds at Bovey Tracy, 238 plants, 143-144 plants, delicacy of, 185 mollusca in Red Crag, 235-236 Seal, 174 sub-region, 132

Arctomys bobak, 204, 313 marmotta, 313

Arion, 48, 299 subfuscus, 49

Arionidæ, origin of, 48, 299

Asiminea Grayana, 99

Aucapitaine, Baron, experiments by, 15

Autochthonous species, 10

Azores, remains of a continent, 19

Bacillus, 269-270

Badger, distribution of, 43

Balea perversa, 298

Ball, J., 77, 345-347

Baltic Sea, fauna of, 174

Baltic and White Seas, connection between, 175

Banded Lemming, range of, 138

Barn Owl, 98

Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H., 29, 90, 139, 149

Barriers to animal migration, 38

Barrington, R. M., 105

Bathyphantes nigrinus, 94

Baur, G., 19

Bearded Titmouse, 292

Beaver, 203

Beaver absent from Ireland, 121

Beddard, F. E., 19, 58

Bedriaga, J. von, 259-260

Beetles common to North America and Europe, 161 American, in British Islands, 167

Bell (vide Kendall and Bell)

Black Cock, 143

Black Grouse, 336

Blanchard, E., 282

Blanus cinereus, 279, 294

Blethisa multipunctata, 93

Blytt, A., 34, 52, 79, 185, 239

Boar, distribution of, 44

Bobak Marmot, 204

Boettger, O., 48, 263

Bogdanov, M. M., 53

Bombinator, 259-260 igneus, 259 pachypus, 259

Bonnet, 306

Bonney, T. G., 66, 70, 83, 180, 229

Boulenger, G. A., 259

Boulder-clay, foraminifera in, 84 origin of, 81, 175, 180-181, 229-230 of Continental Europe, 180, 226-231

Bourguignat, J. R., 18, 47, 302

Bovey Tracy, arctic plant beds at, 238

Boyd, E., 104

Branchinecta palludosa, 167

Brandt, J. F., 51, 62, 107, 218, 222

Brauer, A., 132-133

Brehm, A. E., 139

Bristle-fern, 115

British flora during Glacial period, 163

British Islands, Lusitanian flora in, 288, 306-307 submergence of, 127

Brooke, Sir V., 247, 250

Brunner von Wattenwyl, 270

Bufo calamita, 30

Buliminus detritus, 261 fasciolatus, 261 obscurus, 261 pupa, 261

Bullfinch, origin of, 191, 255-256

Bulman, G. W., 114

Bunge, D., 219

Bush-quail, Andalusian, 291-292

Butterflies, Arctic distribution of, 159-161 origin of North European, 55

Caccabis rufa, 29

Campylaea, sub-genus of Helix, 49, 321

Canary Islands, origin of, 19

Canis lagopus, 135

Capercaillie, 28, 143, 336-337

Capra ibex, 312 ægagrus, 61, 312 pyrenaica, 312 sibirica, 312 sinaitica, 312

Carabus, 199

Carduelis, 257 caniceps, 258 elegans, 257 major, 257

Carpenter, G. H., 64, 94-95, 104, 114, 121-123, 288, 301

Caspian Fishes, 224 post-pliocene deposits, 222, 226 Sea, Arctic animals in, 238 seal, 224

Castor fiber, 203

Cave deposits, mixture of Northern and Southern animals in, 54

Cenocosmic species, 24

Centre of distribution, 12, 43, 47 origin, shifting of, 202

Cervidæ, origin of, 248

Cervus dama, 251 elaphus, 246-250 giganteus, 108, 251

Chamæleon vulgaris, 279

Chamois, 312

Charrs, origin of, 124

Chioglossa, 296

Chough, Alpine, 317

Christ, H., 52, 343-344

Christy, Miller, 105

Chrysochraon, 330

Cicindela, 197-198

Cinclus, 255

Clarke, Eagle, 105

Clausilia, 47, 262-264, 284 bidentata, 47, 262, 284 biplicata, 47 laminata, 47 Pauli, 48, 263 Rolphii, 47

Claviger, 267-268 testaceus, 268

Climate in Glacial period, 65, 81, 127, 149, 182-183 in Pleistocene Europe, 208-209

Close, Maxwell, 129

Cod-fish, origin of, 143

Coecilianella, 17

Coenonympha typhon, 93

Cole, G. J., 83, 106-107

Coleoptera of Europe, origin of, 197 common to Europe and North America, 161

Colias, 266

Coregonus, 124 clupeoides, 124 pollan, 124 vandesius, 124

Cosmopolitan species, 24

Cottus, 92-93 bubalis, 93 gobio, 93 quadricornis, 175 scorpio, 93

Credner, R., 177-178

Cricetus frumentarius, 190 vulgaris, 204

Crimea formerly an island, 35

Crimean fauna, 57

Croll, J., 66

Crocidura, 253 etrusca, 253, 279

Cuniculus torquatus, 138

Current, Arctic, 172-173

Cyanopolius Cooki, 293 cyanus, 293

Cyclostoma elegans, 16

Danais chrysippus, 267

Dartford Warbler, 288

Darwin, C., 13-15, 17-19, 25, 32-33, 339

Daudebardia, 323

Daulias luscinea, 192

Dawkins, Boyd, 53, 62-63, 72-73, 107, 112-113, 120, 208, 222-223, 282

Day, F., 29

Depéret, C., 44, 276

Dippers, origin of, 255

Discoglossus pictus, 279, 295-296

Dispersal of Amphibia, 59 of beetles (apterous), 59 of British butterflies, 113 of earthworms, 58 of planarian worms, 59 of spiders, 59 of wood-lice, 59

Distribution, centres of, 12, 43, 47 discontinuous, 114

Dormouse, 316 absent from Ireland, 121

Drapetisca socialis, 94

Dreyssensia polymorpha, 26, 230-231

Drift, a marine deposit, 129

Drude, O., 52, 77

Dryas octopetala, 79, 238

Dual origin, possibility of, 38

Dyer, Th., 79

Earth-worms, distribution of, 19, 23, 58

Edelweiss, 266, 342

Egean Continent, subsidence of, 272-273

Eider-duck, range of, 141

Elephantidæ, origin of, 202, 252-253

Elephas primigenius, 214, 252

Emery, C., 161, 167

Endemic species, 10

Engler, A., 52, 145, 171, 176, 282, 341-342

English Hare, 29

Ephydatia crateriformis, 94

Epoccus, 167

Erebia, 325-326 æthiops, 325-326 epiphron, 325 glacialis, 326 lappona, 326

Eremias, 258

Erratics, 181-182

Eryx jaculus, 259

Euphorbia hiberna, 307

European beetles, origin of, 197 butterflies, origin of, 200 land and fresh-water mollusca, origin of, 196 mammals, origin of, 106, 193

Eurynebria complanata, 302

Evotomys Nageri, 314

Extension of range, mode of, 38

Fallow Deer, 251

Falsan, A., 66, 68-69, 71, 73

Feilden, H. W., 13, 77, 84-85, 164

Finmark, Greenland mollusca on coast of, 171

Fire-toads, origin of, 259

Fischer, P., 103

Fishes, Caspian, 224

"Flotsam and jetsam" theory, 20

Foraminifera in boulder-clay, 84

Forbes, E., 64, 101, 110, 114-115, 171, 288, 339

Forest-Bed an inter-glacial deposit, 70 corresponding to continental inter-glacial deposits, 120 fauna of, 232-234 mollusca, 212-213

Fossil glaciers, 220

Fresh-water faunas, origin of, 177

Fringilla, 293 cœlebs, 293 madeirensis, 293 montifringilla, 293 spodiogenys, 293 teydea, 293

Frog, introduction of, into Ireland, 30-31

Gadow, H., 139

Galapagos Islands, 19

Galeodes, 270

Gammaracanthus relictus, 179

Gardner, J. S., 145

Garnieria, sub-genus of Clausilia, 48

Gasterosteus aculeatus, 92

Gaudry, A., 73, 273

Geikie, Sir A., 116, 309

Geikie, J., 59, 66-67, 70, 75-76, 80-83, 116, 129, 163, 182, 216-217, 226-227, 233, 235, 238

Geographical changes, importance of, 64

Geomalacus maculosus, 5, 49, 99, 102, 115, 298-299

Gervais, E., 150

Glacial climate in France, 150 period, climate of, 65-81, 127, 149, 182-183 period in Scandinavia, 176 period, survival of animals and plants during, 65

Glaciation of Ireland, 129

Glutton, 119, 203

Goldfinch, origin of, 257

Gonepteryx, 296-297 cleobule, 297 cleopatra, 296 rhamni, 296

Gould, J. E., 20

Great Auk, range of, 92, 142

Greenland flora, 161-162 flora, survival of, 163-164 miocene temperature in, 146 mollusca on coast of Finmark, 171 Tertiary plants, 144-145

Grouse, 91, 334 black, 336

Gulo luscus, 119, 203

Haacke, W., 147

Hamilton, John, 161

Hamster, 190, 204

Hanitsch, R., 94

Hare, 2, 29, 90 Arctic, 2, 90-91 English, 29

Hare, Alpine, as a test of climate, 316

Harlé, E., 150

Harmer, F. W., 182

Harvest-mouse, 3, 190

Harvie-Brown, J. A., 105

Haughton, W., 86

Hazel-grouse, 337

Hedge Accentor, 317

Hedley, C., 20

Heer, O., 144-145

Helix, 4 acuta, 102, 298 aculeata, 298 aspersa, 24, 195 ericetorum, 298 fusca, 298 lapicida, 4 obvoluta, 4, 297 pisana, 102, 298 pomatia, 15, 32, 195, 262 revelata, 102 rotundata, 122, 274, 298 ruderata, 212-213

Herdman, W. A., and Lomas, J., 236

Herring, origin of, 143

Heteromeyenia Ryderi, 94

Hofman, E., 54

Hooker, Sir J., 99, 161

Hopatroides thoracicus, 268

Howorth, Sir H., 73

Hyalinia, antiquity of, 50

Hyla, 260 arborea, 260-261, 280 chinensis, 260

Ice-Age, climate of, 65, 81

Ice-bridge, migration on, 108

Idotea entomon, 178, 224

Ihering, H. von, 19, 20, 24-25

Indigenous species, 10

Inter-glacial deposit, the Forest-Bed an, 70 periods, climate of, 181, 218

Introduced species, 10, 23, 27-29

Introduction by man, 32-33

Introductions from America, 24

Ireland, glaciation of, 129

Irish and Scotch Hare, 136 Elk, 108, 251-252

Irish fauna, composition of, 63 Stoat, 136

Isle of Man, fauna of, 123

Isotoma littoralis, 94

Jeffreys, J. G., 27

Jerboa, 204

Jordan, H., 103

Judd, J. W., 61

Karpinski, H., 222

Kendall, P. J., 125

Kendall, P. J., and Bell, A., 174

Kennard, A. S., 167

Kennard, A. S., and Woodward, B. B., 4

Kessler, H., 222

Kew, H. W., 17, 23, 32

Killarney fern, 115

Kinahan, G. H., 107-108, 129

Kirkdale Cavern, remains in, 54

Kobelt, W., 49, 56, 58, 62, 75, 195-196, 212, 281, 297, 303, 321-323

Köppen, F. T., 51, 62, 222, 248

Krasan, F., 347

Lagomys, origin of, 41, 203

Lagopus, 334 albus, 91, 142, 334 hyperboreus, 334 leucurus, 335 mutus, 91, 142, 334 rupestris, 334 scoticus, 334

Laminifera, sub-genus of Clausilia, 48

Lamplugh, G. W., 107-108

Land-connection between America and Northern Europe, 61 British Islands and France, 59-60 British Islands and Scandinavia, 61 Europe and North Africa, 61 Europe and North America, 61, 168-172 Greece and Asia Minor, 61 Greenland and Europe, 155, 159 Ireland and Spain, 110

Land Mollusca, migrations of, 9

Land shells, West Indian, 21

Lartet, E., 51, 73, 107, 150

Lemming, range of, 138-140

Leontopodium alpinum, 266, 342

Lepus, 27, 29, 31 alpinus, 136 cuniculus, 27, 31, 291 europæus, 29, 316 glacialis, 136 lacostei, 291 variabilis, 2, 29, 136, 315

Lepidoptera, range of, 159-160 Arctic, 200 surviving Glacial period, 54

Leuckart, R., 176

Lewis, Carvill, 129

Limax, 284 marginatus, 284 maximus, 284

Limnocalanus macrurus, 179

Linyphia insignis, 94

"Loess" fauna, 75, 196

Lomas (vide Herdman and Lomas)

Lovén, S., 177

Lusitanian flora in British Islands, 288, 306-307 spiders, 301

Lydekker, R., 14, 22, 32, 58, 157, 183, 202, 248, 252

Lyell, Sir C., 14, 22

Lyrurus tetrix, 336

Macroptychia, sub-genus of Clausilia, 48

Madeira, 19 molluscan fauna of, 25 remains of a continent, 19

Major, Forsyth, 45-46, 280, 282

Mallet, R., 86

Mammoth in Siberia, 214-217 range of, 252-253

Mammals, dispersal of, 9, 21

Mantis religiosa, 269

Maps, general plan of, 8

Margaritana, 93

Marine connection between Caspian Sea and Arctic Ocean, 62, 219-231 mollusca, distribution of, 236 origin of boulder-clay, 82-86, 228-230

Marine shells above sea-level, 127-128 transgression in Northern Russia, 172

Marmot, Alpine, 313 Bobak, 204

Marsh-ringlet, 93

Marshall, Rev., 166

Martins, C., 68

Mediterranean land-connections, 276-282

Meles, 43 albogularis, 44 anakuma, 44 leucurus, 44 maraghanus, 44 polaki, 44 taxus, 43

Melitæa asteria, 325 cynthia, 325 maturna, 325

Melizophilus undatus, 288

Merriam, C. H., 38

Metoponorthus cingendus, 301

Microtus, 313 brecciensis, 314 leucurus, 314 nivalis, 313

Mid-wife Toad, 295

Migrations, 8-9 cause of, 208 of British shore-forms, 124

Migration from Asia to Europe by North America, 327

Migration on ice-bridge, 108 waves of, 204-206

Miller's thumb, 93

Milne-Edwards, A., 282

Mingling of Southern and Northern Mammals, 72-75, 209

Miocene geography, 274-276 temperature in Greenland, 146

Miogale moschata, 290 pyrenaica, 290

Molge alpestris, 320 cristata, 320 montana, 320 palmata, 320 rusconii, 320 vulgaris, 319

Mollusca in Loess, 196

Mollusca, distribution of marine, 236

Molluscan fauna, divisions of British, 102 Madeira, 25 Porto Santo, 25

Molluscs, dispersal of, 17, 24

Mongoose, 28

Montifringilla nivalis, 318

More, A. G., 104

Möschler, E., 160

Motacilla, 254, 292 alba, 292 borealis, 255 campestris, 254 lugubris, 292 melanope, 254

Mountain Avens, 79

Mountain-ringlet, 325

Mouse, distribution of Harvest, 3

Mud-glaciers, 86

Murchison, R., 175, 230

Murray, Andrew, 32-33, 150, 154

Muscardinus avellanarius, 316

Musk-Ox, range of, 119, 134-135, 203

Mus minutus, 3, 95, 190

Mustela africana, 279 boccamela, 279 erminea, 135-136 putorius, 190

Myodus lemmus, 138 obensis, 138

Myoxus, 316

Mysis caspica, 223 micropthalma, 223 relicta, 179, 223

Nathorst, A. G., 163, 169, 240-241

Natterjack Toad, 30

Nebria atrata, 328 livida, 328

Nehring, A., 96, 107, 119, 196, 208-211, 340

Nenia, sub-genus of Clausilia, 48

Neumayr, M., 19, 67

Newt, 319

New Siberian Islands, origin of bone-beds, 219 extinct fauna of, 218

Nightingale, 192

Nordquist, 179

North American marine mollusca in crag deposits, 173

North European Sea, 172

Ocean basins, permanence of, 18

Oceanic Islands, 18

Œneis, 326-327 aëllo, 326

Onychogomphus, 268

Oriental migration, old and new, 272

Oriental plants, 282-283

Origin, centre of, shifting, 202

Otiorrhynchus auropunctatus, 115, 302

Ovibos moschatus, 119, 134-135, 203

Pacific Continent, 20

Painted-lady Butterfly, 98

Palincosmic species, 25

Pallas's Sandgrouse, 205

Panurus biarmicus, 292

Papilio hospiton, 265

Parmacella, 49

Parnassius, 265-266, 324 Apollo, 265, 324 delius, 324 mnemosyne, 324 Nordmanni, 324

Partridge, 29

Pelias berus, 192

Pelobates, 295

Pelodytes punctatus, 295

Pelophila borealis, 93

Penck, A., 66

Perches, origin of, 143

Periops hippocrepis, 279

Peschel, O., 177

Petersen, W., 55, 154, 160, 200

Petronia stulta, 318

Pezotettix, 329-330 alpinus, 329 pedestris, 329

Phasianus, 256-257 colchicus, 31, 257

Pheasant, origin of, 256-257

Phoca annelata, 174 caspica, 224

Phædusa, sub-genus of Clausilia, 263

Phylloxera vastatrix, 24

Pigs, origin of, 44-46

Pika, 41

Pine-Grosbeak, 191

Pinicola enucleator, 191

Planorbis dilatatus, 24 glaber, 167

Plants, American, in Ireland, 166 as tests of climate, 75-80 migration of, 34

Platyarthrus, 299-302

Plectrophenax nivalis, 140

Pleistocene climate of Asia, 210, 214-215 Europe, climate in, 208-209 fauna, northern and southern animals in, 72-75 mollusca, 211-213

Pliocene deposits of Sicily, 277 geography, 276-277

Pohlig, H., 176

Polar Bear, 134 Fox, range of, 135, 149 origin of animals, 147

Pole-cat, 190

Polydesmus gallicus, 115, 302

Polynesian Islands, 20

Pomatias, 49, 321-322

Pontoporeia affinis, 179

Porto Santo, molluscan fauna of, 25

Pouched Marmot, 41

Praeger, R. L., 298

Praying insect, 269

Proboscidea, origin of, 252

Psammodromus algirus, 295 hispanicus, 295

Ptarmigan, 91, 142

Pupa, antiquity of, 50

Pupa, 297-298 anglica, 298 granum, 297 ringens, 102

Pyrrhocorax alpinus, 317

Pyrrhula, 191, 255 europæa, 191, 256 major, 191, 256

Rabbit, introduction of, 27, 31, 291

Rana temporaria, 194, 320

Range, extension of, 38

Rangifer tarandus, 133, 150-158

Reade, Mellard, 127-129

Red Crag, Arctic molluscs in, 235-236

Red Deer, 246-250

Red Grouse, 91, 142

Red-legged Partridge, 29

Regulus ignicapillus, 257 maderensis, 257 teneriffæ, 257

Reid, Clement, 76, 163

Reindeer, range and varieties of, 91, 133, 149-158

Relict lakes, 176-179, 223

Reptiles, dispersal of, 21

Reptiles of Europe, 192-193

Rhax, 270

Rhinoceros, distribution of, 214-216

Rhododendron ponticum, 271

Rhopalomesites Tardyi, 302

Rock Sparrow, 318

Route of migration of Siberian mammals, 210

Rupicapra tragus, 312

Russia, marine transgression in, 172 submergence of North, 155

Rütimeyer, L., 43, 57, 281

Ryothemis, 269

Saiga Antelope, 39, 204

Saiga tartarica, 39, 204

Salamandra atra, 319 caucasica, 319 maculosa, 319

Salmonidæ, origin of, 92, 143

Sandgrouse, migration of Pallas's, 41, 205

Sars, O., 177, 223-224

Saunders, H., 256

Seal, Arctic, 174

Sea-urchin, 125

Sedgwick, A., 86

Scandinavia, absence of Oriental and Siberian mammals from, 176, 206 during Glacial period, 176

Scandinavian boulders, origin of, 172-173 butterflies in America, 167 flora, antiquity of, 162, 185 glaciers, 172

Scandinavian lepidopterous fauna, 55

Schulz, A., 52, 155

Sclater, P. L., 95

Scotch Argus, 325

Scotch and Irish Hare, 136

Siberia, climate of, during Glacial period, 217

Siberian birds in British Islands, 191-192 mammals absent from Scandinavia, 176, 206 mammals absent from Southern Europe, 206 mammals in Great Britain, 95-96, 190, 202-204 migration, date of, 208 steppe-fauna, 39

Sicily, Pliocene deposits in, 277

Silurus glanis, 29

Simpson, C. T., 21

Simroth, H., 48, 299

Sjögren, H., 226

Slugs, dispersal of, 16-17

Snails, dispersal of, 17

Snow-Bunting, range of, 91, 140

Snow-Finch, 318

Sollas, W., 177

Somateria mollissima, 141

Sorex, 202, 314-315 alpinus, 314-315 araneus, 315 minutus, 315

Southern mammals in Arctic Siberia, 213-216

Sparrow, introduction of, 28

Spermophilus, 41

Speyer, A. and A., 55, 200

Spiders, Lusitanian, 301

Sponges, American, in Ireland, 166

St. Erth fauna, 174

Steinbock, 312

Steppe-fauna, Siberian, 39

Sterlet, introduction of, 29

Stick-insect, 269

Stickleback, origin of, 92, 143, 166-167

Stoat, range of, 90-91, 135-136

Straits of Gibraltar, age of, 277-278, 281

Strix flammea, 98

Strongylocentrotus lividus, 125

Struckmann, C., 153

Studer, Th., 340

Sub-marine plateau between Norway and Spitsbergen, 154

Suess, E., 61, 273, 282, 303

Sus scrofa, 44-46

Swallow-tail Butterfly, 264-265

Syrrhaptes paradoxus, 41, 205

Tailless Hare, 41

Talpa, 291

Taylor, J. W., 105

Tcherski, J. D., 214-215, 222

Tertiary plants in Greenland, 144-145

Testacella, 17, 299 haliotidea, 299 maugei, 102, 299 scutulum, 299

Tetrao, 28 urogallus, 28, 143, 336-337

Tetrastes bonasia, 337

Tettix, 330 bipunctatus, 330

Thais cerisyi, 265

Thelphusa fluviatilis, 270, 281

Thomas, O., 90

Thompson, W., 32

Time of disconnection between Great Britain and Ireland, 63

Titmouse, bearded, 292

Toad, Natterjack, 30

Tree-frog, 260, 280

Trichomanes radicans, 115

Tropidonotus viperinus, 294

Tubella pensylvanica, 94

Tundras in Northern Europe, 209-210

Turnix sylvatica, 291-292

Tyndall, J., 68

Typhlops lumbricalis, 259

Tyrrhenian Continent, 280

Unio (Margaritana) margaritifer, 93

Ursus maritimus, 134

Ussher, R. J., 92, 105

Vanessa cardui, 98

Vertigo alpestris, 93

Viper, range of, 192

Vole, range of, 313-314

Wagtails, origin and range of, 254, 292

Wallace, A. R., 12-13, 18-19, 23, 58, 99, 111, 304

Warming, E., 76, 163

Watson, H. C., 100

Wax-bill, migrations of, 205

Welch, R., 298

West-Indian land-shells, 21

White, Buchanan, 109, 113

Willow-grouse, 91, 142

Woodward, B. B. (vide Kennard and Woodward)

Wright, J., 84

Zittel, 252

Zonites, 49, 195, 322-323

THE END.

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THE LONG EXILE, ETC.

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THE KINGDOM OF GOD IS WITHIN YOU.

WORK WHILE YE HAVE THE LIGHT.

THE GOSPEL IN BRIEF.

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WHAT MEN LIVE BY.

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IF YOU NEGLECT THE FIRE, YOU DON'T PUT IT OUT.

WHAT SHALL IT PROFIT A MAN?

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WHERE LOVE IS, THERE GOD IS ALSO.

THE GODSON.

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WHAT MEN LIVE BY.

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IF YOU NEGLECT THE FIRE, YOU DON'T PUT IT OUT.

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MASTER AND MAN.

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TOLSTOY'S PARABLES.

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Barnaby Rudge

Old Curiosity Shop

Pickwick Papers

Nicholas Nickleby

Oliver Twist

Martin Chuzzlewit

Sketches by Boz

Olive

The Ogilvies

Ivanhoe

Kenilworth

Jacob Faithful

Peter Simple

Paul Clifford

Eugene Aram

Ernest Maltravers

Alice; or, The Mysteries

Rienzi

Pelham

The Last Days of Pompeii

The Scottish Chiefs

Wilson's Tales

The Fair God

Miss Beresford's Mystery

A Mountain Daisy

Hazel; or, Perilpoint Lighthouse

Vicar of Wakefield

Prince of the House of David

Wide, Wide World

Village Tales

Ben-Hur

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Robinson Crusoe

The White Slave

Charles O'Malley

Midshipman Easy

Bride of Lammermoor

Heart of Midlothian

Last of the Barons

Old Mortality

Tom Cringle's Log

Cruise of the Midge

Colleen Bawn

Valentine Vox

Night and Morning

Bunyan

Foxe's Book of Martyrs

Mansfield Park

Last of the Mohicans

Poor Jack

The Lamplighter

Jane Eyre

Pillar of Fire

Throne of David

Dombey and Son

Vanity Fair

Infelice

Beulah

Harry Lorrequer

Essays of Elia

Sheridan's Plays

Waverley

Quentin Durward

Talisman

From Jest to Earnest

Knight of 19th Century

Caudle's Lectures

Jack Hinton

Bret Harte

Ingoldsby Legends

Handy Andy

Lewis Arundel

Guy Mannering

Rob Roy

Fortunes of Nigel

Man in the Iron Mask

Great Composers

Louise de la Valliere

Great Painters

Rory O'More

Arabian Nights

Swiss Family Robinson

Andersen's Fairy Tales

Three Musketeers

Twenty Years After

Vicomte de Bragelonne

Monte Cristo—Dantes

" Revenge of Dantes

The Newcomes

Life of Robert Moffat

Life of Gladstone

Cranford

North and South

Life of Gen. Gordon

Lincoln and Garfield

Great Modern Women

Henry Esmond

Alton Locke

Life of Livingstone

Life of Grace Darling

White's Selborne

Tales of the Covenanters

Barriers Burned Away

Opening a Chestnut Burr

Pendennis

David Copperfield

Luck of Barry Lyndon

St. Elmo

Son of Porthos

Stanley and Africa

Life of Wesley

Life of Spurgeon

For Lust of Gold

Wooing of Webster

At the Mercy of Tiberius

Countess of Rudolstadt

Consuelo

Two Years before the Mast

Fair Maid of Perth

Peveril of the Peak

Shirley

Queechy

Naomi; or, the Last Days of Jerusalem

Little Women and Good Wives

Hypatia

Villette

Ruth

Agatha's Husband

Head of the Family

Old Helmet

Bleak House

Cecil Dreeme

Melbourne House

Wuthering Heights

The Days of Bruce

The Vale of Cedars

Hunchback of Notre Dame

Vashti

The Caxtons

Harold, Last of the Saxon Kings

Toilers of the Sea

What Can She Do?

New Border Tales

Frank Fairlegh

Zanoni

Macaria

Inez

Conduct and Duty

Windsor Castle

Hard Times

Tower of London

John Halifax, Gentleman

Westward Ho!

Lavengro

It is Never Too Late to Mend

Two Years Ago

In His Steps

Crucifixion of Phillip Strong

His Brother's Keeper

Robert Hardy's Seven Days, and Malcom Kirk (in 1 vol.)

Richard Bruce

The Twentieth Door

House of the Seven Gables

Elsie Venner

The Romany Rye

Little Dorrit

The Scarlet Letter

Mary Barton

London: Walter Scott, Limited, Paternoster Square.

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