← Table of contents
The History of Korea (vol. 2 of 2)

Volume 2 — CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX OF THE KINGS OF KOREA.

Reading edition

Note. The names in the right hand columns are the posthumous titles of the various sovereigns. In the left hand columns are the ordinary names.

2332 B.C. Tan-gun or Wang-gom

tan-gun
tan-gun
wang-gom
wang-gom

ANCIENT CHOSUN

chosun
chosun

1122 B.C. Ki-ja Mun-song-wang

Ki-ja
Ki-ja
Mun-song-wang
Mun-song-wang

1082 “ Ki-song “ Chang-hye-wang

Ki-song
Ki-song
Chang-hye-wang
Chang-hye-wang

1057 “ Ki-sun “ Kyong-hyo-wang

Ki-sun
Ki-sun
Kyong-hyo-wang
Kyong-hyo-wang

1030 “ Ki-bak “ Kong-jung-wang

Ki-bak
Ki-bak
Kong-jung-wang
Kong-jung-wang

1000 “ Ki-ch’un “ Mun-mu-wang

Ki-chun
Ki-chun
Mun-mu-wang
Mun-mu-wang

972 “ Ki-gong “ T’a-wun-wang

Ki-gong
Ki-gong
T’a-wun-wang
T’a-wun-wang

968 “ Ki-chang “ Kyong-ch’ang-wang

Ki-chang
Ki-chang
Kyong-ch’ang-wang
Kyong-ch’ang-wang

957 “ Ki-ch’ak “ Heung-p’yung-wang

Ki-chak
Ki-chak
Heung-p’yung-wang
Heung-p’yung-wang

943 “ Ki-jo “ Ch’ul-wi-wang

Ki-jo
Ki-jo
Ch’ul-wi-wang
Ch’ul-wi-wang

925 “ Ki-sak “ Sun-hye-wang

Ki-sak
Ki-sak
Sun-hye-wang
Sun-hye-wang

896 “ Ki-sa “ Eui-yang-wang

Ki-sa
Ki-sa
Eui-yang-wang
Eui-yang-wang

843 “ Ki-ryum “ Mun-hye-wang

Ki-ryum
Ki-ryum
Mun-hye-wang
Mun-hye-wang

793 “ Ki-wul “ Song-duk-wang

Ki-wul
Ki-wul
Song-duk-wang
Song-duk-wang

778 “ Ki-jik “ To-whe-wang

Ki-jik
Ki-jik
To-whe-wang
To-whe-wang

776 “ Ki-u “ Mun-yul-wang

Ki-u
Ki-u
Mun-yul-wang
Mun-yul-wang

761 “ Ki-mok “ Ch’ang-guk-wang

Ki-mok
Ki-mok
Ch’ang-guk-wang
Ch’ang-guk-wang

748 “ Ki-p’yung “ Mu-sung-wang

Ki-pyung
Ki-pyung
Mu-sung-wang
Mu-sung-wang

722 “ Ki-gwul “ Chung-gyong-wang

Ki-gwul
Ki-gwul
Chung-gyong-wang
Chung-gyong-wang

703 “ Ki-whe “ Nak-sung-wang

Ki-whe
Ki-whe
Nak-sung-wang
Nak-sung-wang

ci2675 “ Ki-jon “ Hyo-jong-wang

Ki-jon
Ki-jon
Hyo-jong-wan
Hyo-jong-wan

658 “ Ki-hyo “ Ch’ul-lo-wang

Ki-hyo
Ki-hyo
Ch’ul-lo-wang
Ch’ul-lo-wang

634 “ Ki-yang “ Su-do-wang

Ki-yang
Ki-yang
Su-do-wang
Su-do-wang

615 “ Ki-i “ Whi-yang-wang

Ki-i
Ki-i
Whi-yang-wang
Whi-yang-wang

594 “ Ki-ch’am “ Pong-il-wang

Ki-cham
Ki-cham
Pong-il-wang
Pong-il-wang

578 “ Ki-gon “ Tuk-ch’ang-wang

Ki-gon
Ki-gon
Tuk-ch’ang-wang
Tuk-ch’ang-wang

560 “ Ki-sak “ Su-song-wang

Ki-sak
Ki-sak
Su-song-wang
Su-song-wang

519 “ Ki-yo “ Yung-gul-wang

Ki-yo
Ki-yo
Yung-gul-wan
Yung-gul-wan

503 “ Ki-gang “ Il-song-wang

Ki-gang
Ki-gang
Il-song-wang
Il-song-wang

486 “ Ki-hon “ Che-se-wang

Ki-hon
Ki-hon
Che-se-wang
Che-se-wang

465 “ Ki-pyuk “ Chung-guk-wang

Ki-pyuk
Ki-pyuk
Chung-guk-wang
Chung-guk-wang

432 “ Ki-jeung “ To-guk-wang

Ki-jeung
Ki-jeung
To-guk-wang
To-guk-wang

413 “ Ki-jil “ Hyuk-song-wang

Ki-jil
Ki-jil
Hyuk-song-wang
Hyuk-song-wang

385 “ Ki-seup “ Wha-ra-wang

Ki-seup
Ki-seup
Wha-ra-wang
Wha-ra-wang

369 “ Ki-ha “ Yul-mun-wang

Ki-ha
Ki-ha
Yul-mun-wang
Yul-mun-wang

361 “ Ki-wha “ Kyong-sun-wang

Ki-wha
Ki-wha
Kyong-sun-wang
Kyong-sun-wang

342 “ Ki-ho “ Ka-duk-wangKa-duk-wang

Ki-ho
Ki-ho
Ka-duk-wang
Ka-duk-wang

315 “ Ki-uk “ Sam-no-wang

Ki-uk
Ki-uk
Sam-no-wang
Sam-no-wang

290 “ Ki-suk “ Hyon-mun-wang

Ki-suk
Ki-suk
Hyon-mun-wang
Hyon-mun-wang

251 “ Ki-yun “ Chang-p’yung-wang

Ki-yun
Ki-yun
Chang-p’yung-wang
Chang-p’yung-wang

232 “ Ki-bu “ Chong-t’ong-wang

Ki-bu
Ki-bu
Chong-t’ong-wang
Chong-t’ong-wang

221 “ Ki-jun “ A-wang

Ki-jun
Ki-jun
A-wang
A-wang

Ended in 193 B.C.

KINGDOM OF MAHAN.

mahan
mahan

193 B.C. Ki-t’ak Mu-gang-wang

Ki-tak
Ki-tak
Mu-gang-wang
Mu-gang-wang

189 “ Ki-kam “ An-wang

Ki-kam
Ki-kam
An-wang
An-wang

157 “ Ki-sik “ Hye-wang

Ki-sik
Ki-sik
Hye-wang
Hye-wang

144 “ Ki-mu “ Myung-wang

Ki-mu
Ki-mu
Myung-wang
Myung-wang

113 “ Ki-hyung “ Hyo-wang

Ki-hyung
Ki-hyung
Hyo-wang
Hyo-wang

73 “ Ki-sup “ Yang-wang

Ki-sup
Ki-sup
Yang-wang
Yang-wang

58 “ Ki-hun “ Wun-wang

Ki-hun
Ki-hun
Wun-wang
Wun-wang

32 “ Ki-jung “ Kye-wang

Ki-jung
Ki-jung
Kye-wang
Kye-wang

16 “ Ki-hak “ (wanting)

Ki-hak
Ki-hak

Ended in 9 B.C.

ci3KINGDOM OF SILLA.

silla
silla

57 B.C. Hyuk-ku-se

Hyuk-ku-se
Hyuk-ku-se

4 A.D. Nam-ha

Nam-ha
Nam-ha

25 “ Yu-ri

Yu-ri
Yu-ri

58 “ Tal-ha

Tal-ha
Tal-ha

81 “ P’a-sa

P’a-sa
P’a-sa

113 “ Chi-ma

Chi-ma
Chi-ma

135 “ Il-sung

Il-sung
Il-sung

154 “ A-dal-la

A-dal-la
A-dal-la

185 “ Pul-hyu

Pul-hyu
Pul-hyu

196 “ Na-ha

Na-ha
Na-ha

231 “ Cho-bun

Cho-bun
Cho-bun

248 “ Ch’um-ha

Ch’um-ha
Ch’um-ha

262 “ Mi-ch’u

Mi-ch’u
Mi-ch’u

285 “ Yu-rye

Yu-rye
Yu-rye

299 “ Keui-rim

Keui-rim
Keui-rim

310 “ Heul-ha

Heul-ha
Heul-ha

356 “ Na-mul

Na-mul
Na-mul

402 “ Sil-sung

Sil-sung
Sil-sung

417 “ Nul-ji

Nul-ji
Nul-ji

458 “ Cha-bi

Cha-bi
Cha-bi

479 “ So-ji

So-ji
So-ji

500 “ Chi-da-ro Chi-jeung-wang

Chi-da-ro
Chi-da-ro
Chi-jeung-wang
Chi-jeung-wang

514 “ Wun-jong Pup-heung-wang

Wun-jong
Wun-jong
Pup-heung-wang
Pup-heung-wang

541 “ Mak-chong Chin-heung-wang

Mak-chong
Mak-chong
Chin-heung-wang
Chin-heung-wang

576 “ Keum-yun Chin-ji-wang

Keum-yun
Keum-yun
Chin-ji-wang
Chin-ji-wang

579 “ Pak-chung Chin-p’yung-wang

Pak-chung
Pak-chung
Chin-p’yung-wan
Chin-p’yung-wan

632 “ Tong-man Son-duk-yu-ju

Tong-man
Tong-man
Son-duk-yu-ju
Son-duk-yu-ju

647 “ Seung-man Chin-duk-yu-ju

Seung-man
Seung-man
Chin-duk-yu-ju
Chin-duk-yu-ju

654 “ Ch’un-ch’u Mu-ryul-wang

Ch’un-ch’u
Ch’un-ch’u
Mu-ryul-wang
Mu-ryul-wang

661 “ Pup-min Mun-mu-wang

Pup-min
Pup-min
Mun-mu-wang
Mun-mu-wang

681 “ Chung-myung Sin-mun-wang

Chung-myung
Chung-myung
Sin-mun-wang
Sin-mun-wang

692 “ Yi-hong Hyo-so-wang

Yi-hong
Yi-hong
Hyo-so-wang
Hyo-so-wang

702 “ Heung gwang Song-duk-wang

Heung
Heung
Song-duk-wang
Song-duk-wang

738 “ Seung-gyung Hyo-sung-wang

Seung-gyung
Seung-gyung
Hyo-sung-wang
Hyo-sung-wang

742 “ Hon-yung Kyong-duk-wang

Hon-yung
Hon-yung
Kyong-duk-wang
Kyong-duk-wang

ci4765 “ Kun-un Hye-gong-wang

Kun-un
Kun-un
Hye-gong-wang
Hye-gong-wang

780 “ Yang-sung Sun-duk-wang

Yang-sung
Yang-sung
Sun-duk-wang
Sun-duk-wang

785 “ Kyong-sin Wun-sung-wang

Kyong-sin
Kyong-sin
Wun-sung-wang
Wun-sung-wang

799 “ Chun-ong So-song-wang

Chun-ong
Chun-ong
So-song-wang
So-song-wang

800 “ Chung-heui A-jang-wang “

Chung-heui
Chung-heui
A-jang-wang
A-jang-wang

809 “ On-seung Hon-duk-wang “

On-seung
On-seung
Hon-duk-wang
Hon-duk-wang

826 “ So-jong Heung-duk-wang “

So-jong
So-jong
Heung-duk-wang
Heung-duk-wang

836 “ Che-yung Heui-gang-wang “

Che-yung
Che-yung
Heui-gang-wang
Heui-gang-wang

839 “ U-jing Sin-mu-wang “

U-jing
U-jing
Sin-mu-wang
Sin-mu-wang

840 “ Kyong-ong Mun-sung-wang “

Kyong-ong
Kyong-ong
Mun-sung-wang
Mun-sung-wang

858 “ Eui-jung Hon-an-wang “

Eui-jung
Eui-jung
Hon-an-wang
Hon-an-wang

862 “ Ong-yum Kyong-mun-wang “

Ong-yum
Ong-yum
Kyong-mun-wang
Kyong-mun-wang

876 “ Chung Hon-gang-wang “

Chung
Chung
Hon-gang-wang
Hon-gang-wang

887 “ Whang Chong-gang-wang “

Whang
Whang
Chong-gang-wang
Chong-gang-wang

888 “ Man Chin-song-yu-ju

Man
Man
Chin-song-yu-ju
Chin-song-yu-ju

898 “ Yo Hyo-gong-wang

Yo
Yo
Hyo-gong-wang
Hyo-gong-wang

913 “ Kyong whi Sin-duk-wang “

Kyong
Kyong
Sin-duk-wang
Sin-duk-wang

918 “ Seung-yung Kyong-myung-wang “

Seung-yung
Seung-yung
Kyong-myung-wang
Kyong-myung-wang

925 “ Wi-ong Kyong-a-wang “

Wi-ong
Wi-ong
Kyong-a-wang
Kyong-a-wang

928 “ Pu Kyong-sun-wang “

Pu
Pu
Kyong-sun-wang
Kyong-sun-wang

Ended in 935 A.D.

THE KINGDOM OF PAKCHE.

pakche
pakche

17 B.C. On-jo

On-jo
On-jo

29 A.D. Ta-ru

Ta-ru
Ta-ru

78 “ Keui-ru

Keui-ru
Keui-ru

128 “ Ka-ru

Ka-ru
Ka-ru

168 “ Ch’o-go

Ch’o-go
Ch’o-go

215 “ Ku-su

Ku-su
Ku-su

235 “ Ko-i

Ko-i
Ko-i

287 “ Ch’ak-kye

Ch’ak-kye
Ch’ak-kye

299 “ Pun-su

Pun-su
Pun-su

305 “ Pi-ryu

Pi-ryu
Pi-ryu

344 “ Sul

Sul
Sul

347 “ Kon-ch’o-go

Kon-ch’o-go
Kon-ch’o-go

ci5376 “ Kon-gu-su

Kon-gu-su
Kon-gu-su

385 “ Ch’im-yu

Chim-yu
Chim-yu

385 “ Chin-sa

Chin-sa
Chin-sa

392 “ A-sin

A-sin
A-sin

406 “ Chon-ji

Chon-ji
Chon-ji

421 “ Ku-i-sin

Ku-i-sin
Ku-i-sin

427 “ Pi-yu

Pi-yu
Pi-yu

432 “ Ka-ro

Ka-ro
Ka-ro

476 “ Mun-ju

Mun-ju
Mun-ju

478 “ Sam-geun

Sam-geun
Sam-geun

480 “ Mo-da Tong-sung-wang

Mo-da
Mo-da
Tong-sung-wang
Tong-sung-wang

501 “ Sa-ma Mu-ryung-wang “

Sa-ma
Sa-ma
Mu-ryung-wang
Mu-ryung-wang

524 “ Myung-nong Song-wang “

Myung-nong
Myung-nong
song-wang
song-wang

555 “ Ch’ang Wi-duk-wang “

Ch’ang
Ch’ang
Wi-duk-wang
Wi-duk-wang

599 “ Kye-myung Hye-wang “

Kye-Myung
Kye-Myung
Hye-wang
Hye-wang

600 “ Sun Pup-wang “

Sun
Sun
Pup-wang
Pup-wang

601 “ Chang Mu-wang “

Chang
Chang
Mu-wang
Mu-wang

642 “ —— Eui-ja-wang “

Eui-ja-wang
Eui-ja-wang

Dynasty ended 660 A.D.

KINGDOM OF KOGURYU.

koguryu
koguryu

37 B.C. Chu-mong Tong-myung-wang

Chu-mong
Chu-mong
Tong-myung-wang
Tong-myung-wang

18 “ Yu-ri Yu-ri-wang “

Yu-ri
Yu-ri
Yu-ri-wang
Yu-ri-wang

19 A.D. Mu-hyul Ta-mu-sin-wang “

Mu-hyul
Mu-hyul
Ta-mu-sin-wang
Ta-mu-sin-wang

45 “ Ha-eup-chu Min-jung-wang “

Ha-eup-chu
Ha-eup-chu
Min-jung-wang
Min-jung-wang

49 “ Ha-u Mo-bon-wang “

Ha-u
Ha-u
Mo-bon-wang
Mo-bon-wang

54 “ Kung T’a-jo-wang “

Kung
Kung
Ta-jo-wang
Ta-jo-wang

147 “ Su-sung C’ha-da-wang “

Su-sung
Su-sung
Cha-da-wang
Cha-da-wang

166 “ Pak-ko Sin-da-wang “

Pak-ko
Pak-ko
Sin-da-wang
Sin-da-wang

180 “ Nam-mo Ko-guk-ch’un-wang “

Nam-mo
Nam-mo
Ko-guk-chun-wang
Ko-guk-chun-wang

197 “ Yun-u San-sang-wang “

Yun-u
Yun-u
San-sang-wang
San-sang-wang

228 “ U-wi-ku Tong-ch’un-wang “

U-wi-ku
U-wi-ku
Tong-chun-wang
Tong-chun-wang

250 “ Yun-bul Chung-ch’un-wang “

Yun-bul
Yun-bul
Chung-chun-wang
Chung-chun-wang

271 “ Yang-no Su-ch’un-wang “

Yang-no
Yang-no
Su-chun-wang
Su-chun-wang

292 “ Sang-bu Pong-sang-wangPong-sang-wang “

Sang-bu
Sang-bu
Pong-sang-wang
Pong-sang-wang

ci6300 “ Eul-bul Mi-ch’un-wang “

Eul-bul
Eul-bul
Mi-ch’un-wang
Mi-ch’un-wang

331 “ Soé Ko-guk-wun-wang “

Soé
Soé
Ko-guk-wun-wang
Ko-guk-wun-wang

372 “ Ku-bu So-su-rim-wang “

Ku-bu
Ku-bu
So-su-rim-wang
So-su-rim-wang

384 “ Yi-yun Ko-guk-yang-wang “

Yi-yun
Yi-yun
Ko-guk-yang-wang
Ko-guk-yang-wang

392 “ Tam-duk Kwang-ga-to-wang “

Tam-duk
Tam-duk
Kwang-ga-to-wang
Kwang-ga-to-wang

414 “ Ko-yun Chang-su-wang “

Ko-yun
Ko-yun
Chang-su-wang
Chang-su-wang

491 “ Na-on Mun-ja-wang “

Na-on
Na-on
Mun-ja-wang
Mun-ja-wang

520 “ Heung-an An-jang-wang “

Heung-an
Heung-an
An-jang-wang
An-jang-wang

532 “ Po-yun An-wun-wang “

Po-yun
Po-yun
An-wun-wang
An-wun-wang

546 “ Pyung-sung Yang-wun-wang “

Pyung-sung
Pyung-sung
Yang-wun-wang
Yang-wun-wang

560 “ Yang-sung P’yung-wun-wang “

Yang-sung
Yang-sung
P’yung
P’yung

591 “ Wun Yung-yang-wang “

Wun
Wun
Yung-yang-wang
Yung-yang-wang

619 “ Kon-mu Yung-yu-wang “

Kon-mu
Kon-mu
Yung-yu-wang
Yung-yu-wang

643 “ Chang Po-jang-wang “

Chang
Chang
Po-jang-wang
Po-jang-wang

Dynasty ended 668 A.D.

KINGDOM OF KORYU.

koryu
koryu

918 A.D. Wang-gon T’a-jo

Wang-gon
Wang-gon
T’a-jo
T’a-jo

944 “ Wang-mu “ Hye-jong

Wang-mu
Wang-mu
Hye-jong
Hye-jong

946 “ Wang-yo “ Chong-jong

Wang-yo
Wang-yo
Chong-jong
Chong-jong

950 “ Wang-so “ Kwang-jong

Wang-so
Wang-so
Kwang-jong
Kwang-jong

976 “ Wang-ju “ Kyong-jong

Wang-ju
Wang-ju
Kyong-jong
Kyong-jong

982 “ Wang-ch’i “ Sung-jong

Wang-ch’i
Wang-ch’i
Sung-jong
Sung-jong

998 “ Wang-song “ Mok-jong

Wang-song
Wang-song
Mok-jong
Mok-jong

1010 “ Wang-sun “ Hyon-jong

Wang-sun
Wang-sun
Hyon-jong
Hyon-jong

1032 “ Wang-heum “ Tuk-jong

Wang-heum
Wang-heum
Tuk-jong
Tuk-jong

1035 “ Wang-hyung “ Chung-jong

Wang-hyung
Wang-hyung
Chung-jong
Chung-jong

1047 “ Wang-whi “ Mun-jong

Wang-whi
Wang-whi
Mun-jong
Mun-jong

1083 “ Wang-hun “ Sun-jong

Wang-hun
Wang-hun
Sun-jong
Sun-jong

1084 “ Wang-un “ Sun-jong

Wang-un
Wang-un
Sun-jong
Sun-jong

1095 “ Wang-uk “ Hon-jong

Wang-uk
Wang-uk
Hon-jong
Hon-jong

1096 “ Wang-ong “ Suk-jong

Wang-ong
Wang-ong
Suk-jong
Suk-jong

1106 “ Wang-o “ Ye-jong

Wang-o
Wang-o
Ye-jong
Ye-jong

1123 “ Wang-ha “ In-jong

Wang-ha
Wang-ha
In-jong
In-jong

1147 “ Wang-hyon “ Eui-jong

Wang-hyon
Wang-hyon
Eui-jong
Eui-jong

ci71171 “ Wang-ho Myung-jong

Wang-ho
Wang-ho
Myung-jong
Myung-jong

1198 “ Wang-tak “ Sin-jong

Wang-tak
Wang-tak
Sin-jong
Sin-jong

1205 “ Wang-yung “ Heui-jong

Wang-yung
Wang-yung
Heui-jong
Heui-jong

1212 “ Wang-o “ Kang-jong

Wang-o
Wang-o
Kang-jong
Kang-jong

1214 “ Wang-ch’ul “ Ko-jong

Wang-ch’ul
Wang-ch’ul
Ko-jong
Ko-jong

1260 “ Wang-sik “ Wun-jong

Wang-sik
Wang-sik
Wun-jong
Wun-jong

1275 “ Wang-ji “ Ch’ung-yul-wang

Wang-ji
Wang-ji
Ch’ung-yul-wang
Ch’ung-yul-wang

1309 “ Wang-jang “ Ch’ung-sun-wang “

Wang-jang
Wang-jang
Ch’ung-sun-wang
Ch’ung-sun-wang

1314 “ Wang-do “ Ch’ung-suk-wang “

wang-do
wang-do
Ch’ung-suk-wang
Ch’ung-suk-wang

1331 “ Wang-jung “ Ch’ung-hye-wang “

Wang-jung
Wang-jung
Ch’ung-hye-wang
Ch’ung-hye-wang

1345 “ Wang-heun “ Ch’ung-mok-wang “

Wang-heun
Wang-heun
Ch’ung-mok-wang
Ch’ung-mok-wang

1349 “ Wang-ji “ Ch’ung-jong-wang “

Wang-ji
Wang-ji
Ch’ung-jong-wang
Ch’ung-jong-wang

1352 “ Wang-uk “ Kong-min-wang “

Wang-uk
Wang-uk
Kong-min-wang
Kong-min-wang

1375 “ Sin-u Wi-ju

Sin-u
Sin-u
Wi-ju
Wi-ju

1389 “ Wang-yo Kong-yang-wang

Wang-yo
Wang-yo
Kong-yang-wang
Kong-yang-wang

Dynasty ended 1392.

Transcriber’s Note

The use of digital editions is greatly enhanced through the use of text search features. That usefulness can be stymied by variations, intentional or not, in spelling. The decision was taken here to attempt to regularize spelling where printer or editorial errors were made, or where there seemed to be gratuitous variations. Unfortunately, there were many such errors, both in this volume and in the first.

For errors in the English text, corrections were made where they could be reasonably attributed to the printer or editor, or where the same English word appears as expected elsewhere.

One cannot determine a ‘correct’ printing of Korean, Chinese or Japanese proper or place names. The romanization of Korean words was changing even as this text was being prepared in the early 20th century. The author notes (Vol I, p. iv) that a system of his own was adopted during the preparation of this text, but a more official system issued by the Royal Asiatic Society was employed later. The result, as he says, is that there are inconsistencies in the spelling of proper names. Sometimes variations can appear on a single page or paragraph. Since it is impossible to distinquish between printer lapses and this variability, proper names are generally given here as they appeared in the text.

Exceptions are made where frequently used names (e.g., ‘Ko-gu-ryŭ’) very occasionally appear in other forms.

Where the quality of the source text is suspect, the most common version of a given name is used. Hyphenation can be very difficult to discern, with the inking sometimes being vestigial.

The system in use in this volume for Korean seems to solely employ ‘ŭ’ and ‘ă’, except for the occasional ‘oé’ or ‘ö’. On rare occasions, ‘ŭ’ will appear to be printed with the diaeresis ‘ü’, which is most likely a poorly inked breve. There are also transliterations for Japanese and Manchu which may include ‘ŏ’ and ‘ă’. Many names appear in the text with or without diacritical marks, with alternate transliterations, e.g. ‘gwi’, ‘kwi’ or ‘guei’, and with or without hyphenation. A good example appears on pp. 252 and 259, where the name of a Chinese war-ship appears as ‘Kwang-chia’, ‘Kwan-chia’, ‘Kwang-yi’, ‘Kwang-ki’.

Another exception is made for the (presumable) misprinting of proper names, which, according to the author’s Preface to Volume I, have no hyphen between the patronymic and the following given names, which are hyphenated. Where this rule is violated, the hyphen is removed. Where a hyphen occurs at the end of a line, it is retained or removed depending on the preponderance of other instances of the same word.

There is no mention by the author regarding the use of the special characters ‘ and ’ within Korean names. More modern romanization schemes simply utilize the apostrophe (’) to indicate aspirated consonants (p’, t’, k’, and Ch’). In this text, however, though the place-name ‘P‘yŭng-yang’ can be found much more frequently than ‘P’yŭng-yang’, there seems to be no rhyme nor reason to the variations. Both will occasionally appear in different words on the same page. Every attempt was made to follow the text.

The second chapter of this volume was inadvertently headed as Chapter XI, and is referred to here as Chapter I-A. Also, the heading of Chapter X was misprinted as XX.

The author consistently uses the word ‘geurilla’, where modern usage would have us using ‘guerrilla’ or ‘guerilla’, and that has been honored here. Other words which are consistently spelled oddly (e.g. ‘preceeding’, ‘peddlar’, ‘interferance’) are retained.

There are three indexes: a General Index, a Biographical Index, and a Chronological Index, which features (with one exception) the only Korean characters in the volume.

In the Indexes, particularly the biographical index, a different style of Romanization was employed, which almost entirely dispenses with hyphenation and diacritical marks.

The page references to both volumes are unreliable, sometimes indicating the precise page where the subject is first mentioned, and sometimes indicating the first page of the chapter where that mention occurs.

A number of page references were missing or obviously corrupt, and have been added or replaced, where the reference is warranted by the text. Those which simply reference the wrong locations have been retained. On several occasions, dates were misinterpretted as volume and page references, e.g., ‘1420’ became ‘I 420’ and ‘1592’ become ‘I 592’. These have been corrected. The following table mentions these corrections:

Decadence of Koryu, I 177, 242, [432/324] ? Invalid page.

Education in Sil-la, I 120[4] Removed.

Fortress of Puk-han built, [II 161] Added.

Gutzleff, [561 I/II 195] Corrected. Corrupt inversion?

Horse-breeding on Quelpart, [I 252] Added.

Invasion, Hideyoshi’s, I [5/3]49 Replaced.

Invasion of Japan, [I 1420/1420, I] 304 Replaced

Japanese declaration of war against China, I [473/252] Replaced.

Japanese take Pyeng-yang [I 592/1592], I 380 Replaced.

Timber on the Yalu, I [231] Added.

Solchi, I [745/43] Sŭl-chi? Invalid page.

Song Kil, I 208 Duplicate entry removed.

Song Siryul, [I 141] Added.

Teung Wun-jung, I [3 2/330] Replaced.

Waeber-Komura Agreement, II [3]08 Added.

Whan Ugeui ? No page reference.

Wirye ? No page reference.

Yang Honsu, [II 210] Added. Yang Hön-su

Yu P’ang-no, I [883/394] Replaced.

Corrections made to the text appear underlined. The original text can be viewed using a mouseover, as corrected text.

Corrections made to the text appear as links to the table below, or, for punctuation corrections, as a thin underline, e.g. original.

Substantive changes are summarized below. It is a lengthy list, so punctuation errors, such as missing full stops or comma/full stop errors, have been omitted. The page.line numbers serve as links back to the correction. Some pages consist of columns, in which case a triplet (page.column.line) is employed. Since the various index sections were numbered independently, the prefix ‘i’ applies to the General Index and ‘bi’ applies to the Biographical Index, and ‘ci’ to the Chronological Index.

2.18 Sa T[a/ă]-su, Replaced.

4.6 could yet [harrass] and cut sic

5.12 the fire-arrows flashed through[t] the air, Removed.

9.19 So when he heard that [N/K]ato Replaced.

10.13 K[y/w]ŭn Ryŭl took the bodies Replaced.

16.5 in the hands of the Korean ge[r/n]erals Replaced.

19.26 to the pleasures of peace tha[t/n] was for his own good Replaced.

21.13 It is said that [e/o]ver 10,000 Replaced.

21.25 [waved] the main question sic

31.7 Admiral Ma Gwi sic

31.31 kept at Gen. [iK/Ki]m Transposed.

32.10a that [valliant] man sic

32.10b first filled h[e/i]mself with wine Replaced.

34.29 move southward to Ch‘ung-ch[‘]ŭng Province Added.

36.4 right division the [T /P‘]a-wha-gang. Replaced.

37.2a far stronger tha[t/n] Replaced.

37.2b the beleagured Japanese sic

37.35 this had no little to [t/d]o with the return of Gen. Konishi Replaced.

38.2 but with the departure of Cesp[i/e]des Replaced.

41.3 tablet was raised there in his hon[o]ur Added.

42.16 to ravage a cer[t]ain part Added.

44.25 demand for condemnation or public [acquital] sic

44.30 he instantly acknowle[d]ged his error. Added.

45.4 When Chung Eung-t’a arrived in Na[n]king Added.

45.27 the west was Sun-ch‘ŭn [ni/in] Chŭl-la Province Transposed.

47.10 two handsome swords[.] Added.

50.34 he soon became on famil[i]ar Added.

51.6 it proved a deadly pois[i]on Removed.

54.36 being forwarded to [s/S]eoul to be beheaded. Replaced.

55.11 In the[y] year 1605 Removed.

57.19 as to n[m/u]mber of ships Replaced.

60.33 It will be n[ce/ec]essary Transposed.

64.10 the great Manchu leader[.] Added.

67.16 Norach’i has tak[a/e]n Puk-kwan Replaced.

67.22 I am sure they are intendin[d/g] Replaced.

69.24 drive back this Manchu horde.[”] Added.

70.6 the downfall of this wret[e/c]hed parody of a king. Added.

72.36 with his headqua[r]ters Added.

76.16 from the r[o/e]bel ranks Replaced.

78.25 he s[m/h]all receive a reward. Replaced.

78.39 their leaders had to st[r]ike down Added.

82.18 p[er/re]fect was at that moment sleeping off the effects Transposed.

83.3 had been confiscated by the Manc[h]us Added.

85.14 he also said[ said] the king must Removed.

87.11 The Manchu army then moved northward beyon[g/d] Replaced.

89.4 When they had been thor[r]oughly Removed.

91.27 though it i[n/s] said, Replaced.

93.40 the king had [s/c]ome to his senses Replaced.

94.18 he despat[e/c]hed two envoys Replaced.

94.34 and learn the roads[.] Added.

95.26 The people of the no[r]thern provinces Added.

95.39 but it is a little p[er/re]mature for us Transposed.

96.27 wiping out this disgrace[.] Added.

97.14 Such are some of the popular supers[i]titions. Removed.

101.3 approach to Kang-wha so careful[l]y Added.

102.1 help from the outside.... uns[e/u]ccessful Replaced.

103.36 provis[i]oning of Nam-han Added.

104.8 [beleagured] fortress. sic

107.5 the surrounding line of bes[ei/ie]gers. Transposed.

112.13 spite has alway[s] been the rock Added.

113.17 principle of righteousness[ss] is broken, Removed.

113.32 and we surrender ou[r]selves to the clemency Added.

120.11 the Ma[m/n]chu Emperor, but shortly afterward Replaced.

121.30 The kingdo[n/m] will in that way be preserved. Replaced.

122.13 plunged i[n/t] into his bowels, Replaced.

122.24 Thi[s] was the greatest honor Added.

125.14 at a con[d]siderable distance, Removed.

131.3 Genera[a]ls Yonggoldă and Mabudă Removed.

135.1 to inte[r]dict its use. Added.

136.1 doing what he could to mitigate[d] Removed.

136.23 these m[a/e]n , and held a proper court Replaced.

136.31 [plead] for them before the emperor, sic

137.18 eleven men in Eui-ju and elsew[h]ere Added.

137.37 Ch[‘]oé Myŭng-gil the Prime Minister. Added.

138.3 In it he [exhonerates] Korea from all blame sic

138.15 for the persons of Ch[‘]oé Myŭng-gil, Added.

138.26 to Puk-kwan [goal]. sic

139.8 Then, terrified at his own de[a/e]d, he fled Replaced.

139.10 sa[v/y]ing “I am the greatest of rulers. Replaced.

143.35 Hamel afterwards wrote an account of his cap[it/ti]vity Transposed.

145.3 an ab[s]cess broke out on his temple Added.

145.21 to avoid bei[o/n]g Replaced.

147.20 of his great p[re/er]sonality upon it. Transposed.

147.22 over his rival H[ŏ/ŭ] Mok Replaced.

148.1 the king sent forth an[d] edict that no more Removed.

148.12 much of their [illgotten] gains, sic

148.32 such a large mil[l]itary retinue Removed.

149.28 169[,]771 kyul, Added.

158.22 stripped her of all her[e] titles, Added.

160.31 the father of the con[b/c]ubine Replaced.

164.6 The fourth year of this unfortunate king, 1[6/7]24, opened Replaced.

168.1 Ch[ŭ/ö]ng-ju. Here was stored Replaced.

168.3 [strategem]. sic

171.18 from the gove[r]nment granaries. Added.

172.4 and had forgotten all other [custom]. sic

176.19 ascendency of the Noron par[t]y, Added.

176.31 The Noron [r/p]arty wanted to save themselves; Replaced.

182.35 The ev[e]il evil deeds of the Soron party, Removed.

185.21 work of interment[.] Added.

188.28 there were 400 beli[e]vers in Korea, Added.

189.31 In 1799 a peculiar plague broke out in P’y[e/ŭ]ng-yang Replaced.

196.15 Yu who had [preceeded] sic

196.21 By 1[7/8]37 two other French priests had arrived, Replaced.

197.1 by still severer p[re/er]secutions Transposed.

200.19 the very rapid spread of Roman Cathol[i]cism Added.

200.30 mere debauche. sic

200.32 which foretold the dis[s]olution of the dynasty. Added.

203.9 The Minister Kim [Choa-geun], sic

212.19 [soubriquet] of “The Free-will Offering.” sic

213.37 reply to this u[n]expected assault Added.

213.38 and spe[e]dily drove its garrison out. Added.

216.2a [h]undred Japanese female hides Added.

216.2b an amusing fiction which is[h] Removed.

219.24 inflicted for this perfectly u[n]provoked assault. Added.

220.3 a strip of n[a/e]utral territory Replaced.

220.6 became the hiding pl[e/a]ce of refugees Replaced.

220.10 the [wellfare] of both countries sic

220.16 waters of the Yalu[,/.] Replaced.

221.10 The Japanese th[a/e]n asked why they had been fired upon Replaced.

221.26 on Feb[r]uary 27th 1876, Added.

225.27 While the two hund[er/re]d men who were being drilled Transposed.

227.21 Min Yŭng-ju[,] Added.

233.17 and opposit[i]on of Added.

234.9 succeed[ed] in putting through a law Added.

234.33 on the conservative party in their oppos[i]tion to reforms. Added.

235.5 and banish or ex[e]cute the leaders Added.

235.31 talked about it in a very excited manner [of] the Naval Attache sic

235.35 a strong con[v/s]ervative Replaced.

235.38 the relatives of one of the pr[e/o]gressionists Replaced.

238.3 Then the summo[n]s was sent Added.

238.7 Who[w]ever wielded the brutal sword, Removed.

239.35a Pak Y[ŭ]ng-hyo, sic

239.35b Kwang-bom[,] Added.

239.40 Meanwhile Hong Yŭng-sik, Pak Y[ŭ]ng-kyo, sic

240.4 Y[ŭ]ng-kyo and hacked them to pieces sic

240.20 and killed them all, men[,] women and Added.

241.7 the trouble of the [preceeding] month, sic

243.20 Yuan the Chinese commissio[ne]r had taken up Added.

245.16 and be seized with an [uncontrolable] sic

247.33 of the people[’]s endurance Added.

252.15 the former by way of Asan a[a/n]d the latter Replaced.

252.35 The Kwang-[y/k]i was speedily disabled Replaced.

254.36 It i[t/s] still a puzzle to many Replaced.

256.12 of the Sak Divis[i]on. Added.

257.8 took by ass[a]ult Added.

257.36 about the Korean [archipelego]. sic

258.5 During the P’yŭng-yang e[n]gagement Added.

258.23 At nine o[’]clock the smoke of the Added.

261.9 deemed it wise to with[d]raw. Added.

261.22 the battle of A[n]san had proved nothing Removed.

262.11 proved that the Jap[a]nese could stand up Added.

263.16 a radical and [ineffacable] difference sic

266.13 of the “R[e]ighteous Army” in the country Removed.

267.11 and partly of other d[e/i]stinguished men. Replaced.

267.19 [Yi-jo] or Ceremonial Department, sic

268.15 at liberty to address the thro[ n/ne] Replaced.

268.37 (17) Even eunuc[k/h]s, if they are men of ability, Replaced.

270.27 How absu[r]d this was Added.

270.37 hundred other commodi[ti]es , Added.

283.10 under the i[n/m]pression Replaced.

286.8 Viscount was an ent[uh/hu]siastic Buddhist Transposed

286.18 between these two powerf[n/u]l personages Replaced.

286.38 his arrival on the sce[u/n]e. Replaced.

286.39 was assis[s]ted by the Japanese Minister Removed.

288.26 from the Decis[i]on of the Japanese Added.

291.22 ba[tall/ttal/ion in Seoul, Replaced.

291.26 Adachi Ken[s]zo and Kunitomo Shigeakira, Removed.

293.13 Sakai [Marataro] and a few others, sic: Masataro?

293.16 the party met the Japanese [drilled] Korean troops sic: drilling?

293.39 and his acts, th[r]ough unforeseen by his superiors Removed.

294.10 as given by the Hirosh[i]ma Added.

296.38 foreign representatives were received lat[t]er later in the day. Removed.

298.20 man as Miura ca[n] be called complicity. Added.

300.16 Japanese in Seoul were now entirely qu[i]escent Added.

301.33 through the G[oa]/ao]ler Cabinet Transposed.

303.17 of Dr. Brown as ad[i]viser to Finance Department Added.

305.11 enjoyed the respite too thoroug[h]ly Added.

306.16 a [negligeable] quantity. sic

307.35 Indepen[d]ence and to this Added.

313.9 Russian admirals, including[,] Admiral Alexeieff Removed.

315.13 the father of the Emper[p]or Removed.

315.15 connected with the stir[r]ing events Added.

318.5 attempt was made to po[si/is]on the Emperor Transposed.

318.26a this should not be[ be] done, Removed.

318.26b and so una[min/nim]ous was the sentiment Transposed.

318.34 an event of great importance [ ] every sic: in?

319.6 In a sense they were just[i]fied in so thinking, Added.

321.12 it embarrassed the admin[i]stration, Added.

323.40 of the Indepe[n]dence Added.

324.1 to the contr[a]ry they Added.

326.38 [negligeable] stage; sic

327.7 the names of Mr. Legend[er/re] and Mr. Greathouse, Transposed.

327.31 to [harrass] and injure Japanese interests sic

329.30 even when rolling in op[p]ulence Removed.

329.37 thousand[-]fold Added.

330.25 of the outrage were d[e/i]smissed as Replaced.

331.37 but it is cert[ia/ai]n Transposed.

335.3 and through minister[i]al influence Added.

335.32 it caused the rashly enthusia[a/s]tic to stop and think. Replaced.

337.2 T[a/h]e Japanese Bank issu[e]s Replaced, added.

339.20 many elements of g[uin/enui]une humor, Replaced.

340.13 27th of Nove[n/m]ber fourteen Replaced.

340.26 The tension was t[w/o]o great Replaced.

342.2 power through servile adher[a/e]nce to Russian interests. Replaced.

342.26 and exp[r]essed no desire Added.

344.8 Foreigner[s] threatened. Added.

345.27 Hă-ju, the capital [ ] the province, sic: missing ‘of’?

348.6 she had doubtless[s] already assumed. Removed.

348.17 territory encro[a]ched upon Added.

349.21 inflicted the grea[s]test possible harm Removed.

350.39 removing the[re/ir] families and [re/ir] valuables Replaced.

352.3 Four days l[e/a]ter this general made a final appeal Replaced.

352.18 that seve[r]al thousand Russian troops Added.

355.4 be at least enough rap[p]ort between the civil and military Added.

356.7 that [“]if it is necessary Added.

356.26 the Russians would not fire upon the t[r]ansports. Added.

357.17 Japan had never recognized the n[ue/eu]trality of Korea, Transposed.

358.35 we are t[w/o]o near it to see it Replaced.

361.10 the British cruiser Talbot and the French c[ur/ru]iser Pascal. Transposed.

364.9 but did not succe[e]d. Added.

364.29 in other directi[a/o]ns Replaced.

366.39 warlike operations between the two belligerents [was/were] Replaced.

367.9 and soon took their depa[r]ture Added.

368.15 Koreans we[a/r]e dissatisfied Replaced.

370.22 It was perfect[l]y right for the Japanese Added.

370.31 named the Il-chin [s/S]ociety. Replaced.

371.8 an Ameri[c]an Added.

371.37 but the war interfer[r]ed with the Removed.

371.40 and the results of Chris[i]tian Removed.

374.2 They have served their purpose[d/s] and are ready Replaced.

374.8 to drift upon the Sar[g]asso Sea Added.

General Index

i1.2.24 “Baby [“]War”, The, Removed.

i1.2.44 ” of Hang-[jnI/ju], II 10 Replaced.

i2.1.3 ” of Ka[Y]-do Island, II 129 Removed.

i4.2.39 Ma[u/n]chu, II 96 Replaced.

i4.2.41 ” ” [Japan], I 166, 260 Added.

i4.2.54 to present d[a/y]nasty, First Japanese, I 302 Replaced.

i6.1.12 Gloir[e], La, II 197 Added.

i6.2.37 ” of Japan, plans of Mongol, I[I] 214 Removed.

i6.1.20 Gutzleff, [561 I/II 195] Replaced.

i8.1.12 Kijun, [K/M]igration of, I I27 Replaced.

i10.1.22 ” Govern[a/o]r-general, I 204 Replaced.

i10.2.22 ” Sorti[e]s from, II 103, 105, 107 Added.

i10.1.59 “Mul[l]berry Palace” built, II 182 Removed.

i11.2.21 Party strife forbidd[d]en, II 165 Removed.

i12.2.1 Railway concess[s/i]on, Seoul Fusan, II 318 Replaced.

i13.1.6 ” laws re[c]vised, II 149 Removed.

i13.1.39 ” Aggressi[o]n on Yalu, II 348 Added.

i14.1.51 Suzerainty c[o/a]st off, Chinese, II 273 Replaced.

i15.2.28 ” between China and Kogur[y]ŭ, I 86, 98 Added.

Biographical Index

bi1.2.24 Chi [ /Y]un, I 259 Replaced.

bi4.2.37 Nak Wh[a] am, I 101 Added.

bi5.1.11 [Y/O] Yeeui, I 309 Replaced.

bi5.1.17 Ok K[ /a]ng, 61 Replaced.

bi6.1.7 Sin Kil[l/i], I 359 Replaced.

bi6.1.55 S[a/o]ng Hanhong, I 127 Replaced.

bi6.1.56 S[a/o]ang Heuian, I 322 Replaced.

bi6.1.35 So P‘il[l], I 141 Removed.

bi6.1.40 Sok Kang [Y]mok, I 322 Removed.

bi6.3.26 Tap-[ /d]on, I 85 Added.

bi7.2.51 [ /Y]i Chamyun, 215 Restored.

Chronological Index

ci2.2.17 Ka-duk[./-]wang Replaced.

ci4.2.35 Pong[ /-]sang-wang Replaced.

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