ENGLISH HERALDRY
Reading edition
BY
CHARLES BOUTELL, M.A.
AUTHOR OF “THE MONUMENTAL BRASSES OF ENGLAND,” EDITOR AND PART AUTHOR OF “ARMS AND ARMOUR IN ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES,” ETC.
WITH
NEARLY FIVE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS
Drawn and Engraved on Wood by Mr. R. B. Utting and Others
ELEVENTH EDITION
THOROUGHLY REVISED WITH AN ADDITIONAL CHAPTER BY
A. C. FOX-DAVIES
OF LINCOLN’S INN BARRISTER-AT-LAW
Royal Arms (1340-1405)
LONDON: REEVES & TURNER
1914
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co. at the Ballantyne Press, Edinburgh
PREFACE TO THE ELEVENTH EDITION
This standard work of reference has been revised throughout, and enlarged by the addition of an extra chapter on Peerage Dignities.
A. C. FOX-DAVIES.
Lincoln’s Inn, November 1913.
PREFACE TO THE TENTH EDITION
In the revision of this well-known work I have held my hand, rather than the contrary, trying to bear always in mind that it was the hand-book of Mr. Charles Boutell and not a production of my own. My alterations have been concerned chiefly in bringing the volume up to date, a necessity imposed by the creation of new orders of knighthood, and change of Sovereign. I have certainly omitted a few remarks which I have thought might be the cause of leading students of the science astray: I have altered ambiguous wording to emphasise the real, and I have no doubt the originally intended meaning. But in many points which, being deductions, are naturally matters of opinion, I have left herein various expressions of Mr. Boutell’s opinion, with which I can hardly say I personally altogether agree or would myself put forward. I hold that it is no part of an editor’s duty to air his own opinions under the protection or repute of another’s name, and herein I have inserted nothing for which my own opinion is the only authority.
A. C. FOX-DAVIES.
Lincoln’s Inn, June 1908.
No. 2.—St. Edward. No. 1.—St. George. No. 3.—St. Edmund.
AUTHOR’S PREFACE
This Volume, specially prepared for the use of students at an early period of their study of English Heraldry, commends itself also to those inquirers who may desire to obtain some general information on the same subject, without having any intention to devote to Heraldry much either of their time or of their serious regard.
The success, no less extraordinary than gratifying, of my larger work on Heraldry, led me to hope that a not less favourable reception might be extended to a simpler and much shorter essay, more decidedly elementary in its aim and character, and yet as far as possible within its limits complete. Such a treatise I have endeavoured to produce in this Volume.
Inseparably associated with the History of our Country, and more particularly when our national History becomes the Biography of eminent Englishmen, English Heraldry has the strongest claims upon the attention not only of all Historians, but also of all who desire to become familiar with their writings. In like manner, Heraldry may be studied with no less of advantage than of satisfaction by all Artists, whether Architects, Sculptors, Painters, or Engravers. Nor is it too much to assert that some knowledge of Heraldry, in consequence of its singular and comprehensive utility, ought to be estimated as a necessary element of a liberal education. In confirmation of my own views, I am tempted to quote the following passage from M. Gourdon de Genouillac’s introduction to his excellent “Grammaire Héraldique,” published at Paris:—“Le blason,” says M. de Genouillac, “est une langue qui s’est conservée dans sa pureté primitive depuis les siècles, langue dont la connaissance, est indispensable aux familles nobles, qui y trouvent un signe d’alliance ou de reconnaissance, aux numismates, aux antiquaires, aux archéologues, enfin à tous les artistes, gens de lettres, &c.; cependant cette langue est presque inconnue, et la plupart des personnes qui possedent le droit de porter des armoiries seraient fort en peine de les expliquer selon les termes techniques!” Heraldry, indeed, I believe to be a study worthy to be universally regarded with affectionate respect, as it certainly is eminently qualified to inspire such a sentiment in every class of student.
In this spirit I have here treated the elements of the Heraldry of England, confident that, of those who may accompany me as far as I shall lead them, very many will not be content to stop where I shall take leave of them. Thus much I promise my companions—I will be to them a faithful guide. They may trust to my accuracy. I have made no statement, have adduced no example, nor have I exhibited any illustration, except upon authority. I myself like and admire what is real and true in Heraldry; and it is by the attractiveness of truth and reality that I desire to win for Heraldry fresh friends, and to secure for it firm friendships.
It will be understood that from the authority, the practice, and the associations of the early Heraldry of the best and most artistic eras, I seek to derive a Heraldry which we may rightly consider to be our own, and which we may transmit with honour to our successors. I do not suggest the adoption, for present use, of an obsolete system. But, while I earnestly repudiate the acceptance and the maintenance amongst ourselves of a most degenerate substitute for a noble Science, I do aspire to aid in restoring Heraldry to its becoming rank, and consequently to its early popularity, now in our own times. This is to revive the fine old Heraldry of the past, to give to it a fresh animation, and to apply it under existing conditions to existing uses and requirements: not, to adjust ourselves to the circumstances of its first development, and to reproduce as copyists its original expressions. It is not by any means a necessary condition of a consistent revival of early Heraldry, that our revived Heraldry should admit no deviation from original usage or precedent. So long as we are thoroughly animated by the spirit of the early Heralds, we may lead our Heraldry onwards with the advance of time. It is for us, indeed, to prepare a Heraldry for the future, no less than to revive true Heraldry in the time now present. We may rightly modify, therefore, and adapt many things, in order to establish a true conformity between our Heraldry and the circumstances of our own era: for example, with advantage as well as propriety we may, in a great measure, substitute Badges for Crests; and we shall do well to adopt a style of drawing which will be perfectly heraldic, without being positively unnatural.
The greater number of my Illustrations have been engraved only in outline, with the twofold object of my being thus enabled to increase the number of the examples, and to adapt the engravings themselves to the reception of colour. It will be very desirable for students to blazon the illustrations, or the majority of them, in their proper tinctures: and those who are thoroughly in earnest will not fail to form their own collections of additional examples, which, as a matter of course, they will seek to obtain from original authorities. With the exception of a few examples, my Illustrations, considerably over 400, have all been executed expressly for this work; and they all have been engraved by Mr. R. B. Utting. The chief exceptions are thirteen admirable woodcuts of Scottish Seals, all of them good illustrations of Heraldry south of the Tweed, originally engraved for Laing’s noble quarto upon “The Ancient Seals of Scotland,” published in Edinburgh. Scottish Heraldry, I must add, as in any particulars of law and practice it may differ from our Heraldry on this side of the Tweed, I have left in the able hands of the Heralds of the North: at the same time, however, the Heraldry of which I have been treating has so much that is equally at home on either side of “the Border,” that I have never hesitated to look for my examples and authorities to both the fair realms which now form one Great Britain.
C. B.
CONTENTS
PAGE
Preface to Present Edition vii
Author’s Preface ix
List of Illustrations xix
CHAPTER I
Introductory— Early Popularity of Heraldry in England— Origin of English Heraldry; Definition; Characteristics; Development; Early Uses; Not connected with Earlier Systems— Ancient Heraldry— Past and Present Treatment of the Subject 1
CHAPTER II
Early Heraldic Authorities— Seals; Monumental Effigies, &c.; Rolls of Arms, Official Heraldic Records, &c.— Earliest Heraldic Shields and Banners— Allusive Quality of Early Armory— Attributed Arms 10
CHAPTER III
The English Heraldry that is now in existence— First Debasement of Heraldry— Later Debasement— Revival of English Heraldry— Heraldic Art 20
CHAPTER IV
Grammar of Heraldry: Section I.— Language— Nomenclature— Style and Forms of Expression— Blazon— The Shield: its Parts, Points, Divisions, Dividing Lines, Varieties of Form, and Heraldic Treatment 29
CHAPTER V
Grammar of Heraldry: Section II.— Tinctures: Metals, Colours, Furs— Varied Fields— Law of Tinctures— Counter-changing— Diaper— Disposition— Blazoning— Emblazoning in Tinctures 40
CHAPTER VI
Grammar of Heraldry: Section III.— The Ordinaries:— Chief: Fesse: Bar: Pale: Cross; its Heraldic Varieties: Bend: Saltire: Chevron: and Pile 49
CHAPTER VII
Grammar of Heraldry: Section IV.— The Subordinaries:— Canton or Quarter: Inescutcheon: Oile: Tressure: Bordure: Flanches: Lozenge, Mascle, Rustre: Fusil: Billet: Gyron: Frette— The Roundles 64
CHAPTER VIII
Grammar of Heraldry: Section V.— Miscellaneous Charges:— Human Beings: Animals: Birds: Fish: Reptiles and Insects: Imaginary Beings: Natural Objects: Various Artificial Figures and Devices— Appropriate Descriptive Epithets 73
CHAPTER IX
Grammar of Heraldry: Section VI.— The Lion and the Eagle in Heraldry 83
CHAPTER X
Grammar of Heraldry: Section VII.— Glossary of Titles, Names, and Terms 100
CHAPTER XI
Marshalling:— Aggroupment: Combination: Quartering: Dimidiation: Impalement: Escutcheon of Pretence: Marshalling the Arms of Widowers, Widows, and others: Official Arms; and the Accessories of Shields 158
CHAPTER XII
Cadency:— Marks of Cadency are temporary, or permanent: the Label: the Bordure: the Bendlet, Barrulet, and Canton: Change of Tincture: Secondary Charges: Single Small Charges: Differences of Illegitimacy: Cadency of Crests, Badges, &c.: Modern Cadency 176
CHAPTER XIII
Differencing:— Differencing to denote Feudal Alliance or Dependency: Differencing without any Alliance— Augmentation— Abatement 194
CHAPTER XIV
Crests 209
CHAPTER XV
Badges 220
CHAPTER XVI
Supporters 237
CHAPTER XVII
Flags:— The Pennon: the Banner: the Standard: the Royal Standard: the “Union Jack”: Ensigns: Military Standards and Colours: Blazoning: Hoisting and Displaying Flags 246
CHAPTER XVIII
The Royal Heraldry of England and Scotland:— Shields of Arms of the Reigning Sovereigns of England, of Scotland, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: Crests: Supporters: Mottoes: Crowns: Banners: Armorial Insignia of the late Prince Consort; of the Prince and Princess of Wales; of the other Princes and Princesses 258
CHAPTER XIX
Orders of Knighthood and Insignia of Honour:— Feudal Knighthood— Orders of Knighthood: Knights of St. John: Knights Templars: the Order of the Garter; of the Thistle; of St. Patrick; of the Bath; of St. Michael and St. George; of the Star of India— The Order of Merit— The Royal Victorian Order— The Imperial Service Order— The Victoria Cross— The Albert Medal— Naval and Military Medals— Foreign Insignia bestowed on British Subjects 273
CHAPTER XX
Precedence Genealogies 295
CHAPTER XXI
The College of Arms— The Lyon Office of Scotland— Grants of Arms— Tax on “Armorial Bearings,” and on “Arms Found” 304
CHAPTER XXII
Miscellaneous:— Coins— Seals— Heraldry in Architecture, in Monuments, in Illuminations, in Encaustic Tiles— Heraldic Personal Ornaments, and various Heraldic Decorations— Conclusion 316
CHAPTER XXIII
Peerage Dignities:— The Dignity of Earl— Of Baron— The Parliament of 1295— Landed Qualifications— Creation of the Title Duke of Cornwall— The Title of Marquis— The Premier Baron of England— The Peerage of Scotland— Scottish Remainders— Daughter Inherits in her own Right— Determination of an Abeyance— The Right to Create Peers of Ireland— Rights and Privileges of a Peeress— The Daughters of Peers— Anomalies of the English Scale of Precedence 327
General Index 335
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Page numbers are from the original text. Some illustrations have been shifted slightly from their original location; links lead directly to the illustration. Illustrations 4-315 are in the separate file containing chapters I-X. Words in italics were added by the transcriber. There is no Figure 208.
NO. PAGE
1. Arms of St. George ix
2. Arms of St. Edward
3. Arms of St. Edmund
4. Arms of Sir Walter Scott, of Abbotsford 1
5. Lance Flag, Bayeux Tapestry 6
6. Lance Flag, Bayeux Tapestry 6
7. Ancient Shield, from a Greek Vase 8
8. Ancient Shield, from a Greek Vase 8
9. Ancient Shield, from a Greek Vase 8
10. Ancient Shield, from a Greek Vase 8
11. Seal of Walter Innes 11
12. Seal of William Innes 11
13. Banner of Templars 14
14. Banner of Leicester 14
15. Shield of Brittany 14
16. Shield of Waldegrave 14
17. Shield of Fitz Warine 14
18. Shield of Whitworth 14
19. The Escarbuncle 15
20. Shield of Montacute 17
20A. Shield of Montacute 70
21. The Planta Genista 17
22. Arms assigned to William I. 18, 259
23. Arms assigned to the Saxon Princes 18
24. Shield of Prince John of Eltham 26
25. Badge of Richard II., Westminster Hall 27
26. Badge of Richard II., Westminster Hall 27
27. The Points of an Heraldic Shield 33
28. Shield divided per Pale 33
29. Shield divided per Fesse 33
30. Shield divided Quarterly 33
31. Shield divided per Bend 33
32. Shield divided per Bend Sinister 33
33. Shield divided per Saltire 33
34. Shield divided per Chevron 33
35. Shield divided per Tierce 33
36. Shield Quarterly of Eight 34
37. Compound Quartering 34
38. Border and Dividing Lines 35
39. Bowed Shield 36
40. Heraldic Shield 36
41. Heraldic Shield 36
42. Heraldic Shield 36
43. Heraldic Shield 37
44. Heraldic Shield 37
45. Modern Shield 37
46. Cartouche 37
47. Lozenge 37
48. Arms of Provence 38
49. Shield Couché 38
50. Symbolisation of Or 40
51. Symbolisation of Argent 40
52. Symbolisation of Azure 40
53. Symbolisation of Gules 40
54. Symbolisation of Sable 40
55. Symbolisation of Vert 40
56. Symbolisation of Purpure 40
57, 57A. Ermine 41, 42
58. Ermines 41
59. Erminois 41
60. Pean 41
61. Vair 41
62. Vair 41
63. Counter Vair 41
64. Potent 41
65. Counter Potent 41
66. Componée 43
67. Counter Componée 43
68. Arms of Earl de Warrenne 45
69. Arms of Jerusalem 44
70. Arms of Fenwick 44
71. A Chief 50
72. Arms of Le Botiler 50
73. Arms of De Brus 50
74. Arms of De Clintone 50
75. Arms of De Clintone 50
76. Arms of De Clifford 50
77. Arms of De Pateshulle 50
78. Arms of Le Vavasour 50
79. Arms of De Hemenhale 51
80. Arms of De Dageworthe 51
81. Arms of De Harecourt 51
82. Arms of Wake 51
83. Arms of De Huntercumbe 52
84. Arms of De la Mere 52
85. Arms of Fitzalan of Bedale 53
86. Arms of De Valence 53
87. Arms of Erskine 53
88. Arms of Grandison 53
89. Cross Fimbriated 54
90. Cross Pointed 54
91. Greek Cross 55
92. Latin Cross 55
93. Tau Cross 55
94. Cross Quadrate 55
95. Cross Patriarchal 55
96. Cross Lourchée 55
97. Arms of De Molines 56
98. Arms of Bishop Anthony Bec 56
99. Arms of William de Vesci 56
100. Cross Fleurie 56
101. Cross Fleurettée 56
102. Cross Pommee 56
103. Cross Botonee 57
104. Cross Crosslet 57
105. Cross Clechée 57
106. Cross Patee 57
107. Cross Maltese 57
108. Cross Potent 57
109. Cross Avellane 57
110. Cross Botonée Fitchée 57
111. Arms of Le Scrope 58
112. Arms of De Radclyffe 58
113. Arms of Le Boteler 58
114. Arms of De Bohun, Earl of Hereford 59
115. Arms of De Bohun (differenced) 59
116. Arms of De Montford 60
117. Arms of De Bray 60
118. Paly Bendy 60
119. Barry Bendy 60
120. Arms of St. Andrew 60
121. Arms of De Neville 60
122. Arms of De Neville 60
123. Arms of De Stafford 61
124. Arms of De Clare 61
125. Early Shield of De Clare 62
126. Arms of De Chandos 62
127. Arms of De Prian 62
128. Arms of De Passett 62
129. Arms of De Kyrkeby 65
130. Arms of Blundell 65
131. Arms of De Mortimer 66
132. Arms of Darcy 66
133. Arms of De Wyllers 66
134. Arms of De Balliol 66
135. Single Tressure Flory 67
136. Tressure Flory Counterflory 67
137. Double Tressure Flory 67
138. Arms of Scotland 67, 260
139. Arms of De Waltone 68
140. Arms of Richard, Earl of Cornwall 68
141. Flanche 69
142. Flasques 69
143. Mascle 69
144. Rustre 69
145. Arms of De Burgh, Earl of Kent 69
146. Arms of Deincourt 70
147. Arms of Campbell 70
148. A Frette 71
149. Arms of De Etchingham 71
150. Trellis Clouée 71
151. Bezant 72
152. Torteau 72
153. Fountain 72
154. Annulet 72
155. Shield of Douglas 74
156. Shield of Douglas 74
157. Shield of Douglas 74
158. Shield of Isle of Man 74
159. Shield of St. Alban’s Abbey 75
160. Early Martlet 77
161. Martlet 77
162. Banner of De Barre 77
163. Dolphin 78
164. Arms of De Lucy 78
165. Escallop 78
166. Moon A, B, C, Crescent, Increscent, Decrescent 80
167. Stag At Gaze 81
168. Stag Tripping 81
169. Stag At Speed 81
170. Stag’s Head Cabossed 85
171. Lion Rampant 85
172. Lion Rampant Guardant 85
173. Lion Passant 85
174. Lion Passant Guardant 85
175. Lion Statant 85
176. Lion Statant Guardant 85
177. Lion Couchant 86
178. Lion Sejant 86
179. Lion Dormant 86
180. Lion Salient 86
181. Lion Double queued 86
182. Lion Coward 86
183. Lion’s Head 87
184. Lion’s Face 87
185. Lion’s Jambe 87
186. Demi Lion Rampant 87
187. Arms of England 87, 259
188. Arms of Richard I. 88
189. Arms of Prince John 88
190. Arms of Richard I. 88
191. Arms of Le Strange 89
192. Arms of Giffard 89
193. Arms of Mowbray 89
194. Arms of De Lacy 89
195. Arms of De Segrave 89
196. Arms of De Percy 90
197. Arms of De Longespée 90
198. Crest of Black Prince 91
199. Crest &c., Richard II. 91
200. Eagle Shield in Westminster Abbey 93
201. Imperial Eagle 93
202. Royal Eagle 93
203. Arms of Earl of Cornwall 94
204. Seal of Euphemia Leslie 94
205. Shield of Piers Gaveston 95
206. Arms of Montacute and Monthermer 95
207. A Vol 96
209. Arms of De la Mere 96
210. Shield at St. Albans 97
211. Austrian Eagle 97
212. German Imperial Eagle 98
213. German Eagle, wings erect 98
214. French Imperial Eagle 99
215. Badge of Ulster 101
216. Breys 104
217. Baron’s Coronet 104
218. Water Bouget 106
219. Bourohier Knot 106
220. Bowen Knot 107
221. Caltrap 107
222. Castle 108
223. Celestial Crown 108
224. Chapeau of Estate 108
225. Arms of Saxony 108
226. Chess Rook 109
227. Cinquefoil 109
228. Clarions 109
229. Cockatrice 110
230. Collar of York 110
231. Collar of Lancaster 110
232. Crest Coronet 113
233. Crest Wreaths 113
234. Crown of H.M. The King 115, 266
235. Dacre Knot and Badges 115
236. Dragon 117
237. Duke’s Coronet 117
238. Earl’s Coronet 118
239. Eastern Crown 118
240. Electoral Bonnet 119
241. Arms of Byron 119
242. Estoile 120
243. Fer-de-Moline 121
244. Fermails 121
245. Fetter lock 122
246. Fleur de lys 122
247. Arms of France Ancient 122
248. Arms of France Modern 122
249. Arms of Edmund, Earl of Lancaster 123
250. Arms of Margaret, Queen of Edward I. 122
251. Seal of Margaret, Queen of Edward I. 123
252. Shield of Edward III., A.D. 1340 124, 260
253. Shield of Henry IV., about 1405 124, 260
254, 255. Fylfots 125
256. Shield of R. de Gorges 127
257. Hawk’s Lure 128
258. Hawk’s Bells and Jesses 128
259. Helm of the Sovereign 129
260. Helm of Princes and Nobles 129
261. Helm of Baronets and Knights 129
262. Helm of Esquires and Gentlemen 129
263. Helm of Esquires and Gentlemen 129
264. Heneage Knot 130
265. Arms of the Heralds College 130
266. Arms of Lyon Office 131
267. Jessant de lys 133
268, 269. Heraldic Keys 133
270. Hastings Badge 133
271, 272, 273. Labels 134
274. Lacy Knot 134
275. Lymphad 136
276. Arms of Hastings 136
277. Coronet of Marquess 137
278. Mullet 139
279. Mullet Pierced 139
280. Mural Crown 140
281. Naval Crown 140
282. Pourdon 141
283. Panache Crest of Edward Courtenay 142
284. Panache Crest of William le Latimer 142
285. Panache Crest of Edmund Mortimer 142
286. Pennon of D’Aubernoun 143
287. Pheon 143
288. Portcullis 143
289. Coronet of Prince of Wales 145
290. Coronet of King’s Daughters and Younger Sons 145
291. Coronet of King’s Grandchildren 145
292. Coronet of King’s Cousins 145
293. Quatrefoil 146
294. The Ragged Staff Badge 146
295. Rebus of Abbot Kirton 148
296. Rebus of Bishop Peckyngton 148
297. Rebus of Sir John Peche 148
298, 299. Heraldic Roses 149
300. Rose en Soleil 149
301. Crest of Hamilton 150
302. Sixfoil 152
303. Arms of Shakespeare 151
304. Stafford Knot 152
305. Staple Padge 152
306. Arms of City of London 153
307. Tabard 154
308. Badge of James I. 154
309. Trefoil Slipped 155
310. Trumpet 155
311. Viscount’s Coronet 156
312. Shield at St. Michael’s Church, St. Albans 157
313. Wake Knot 157
314. Catherine Wheel 157
315. Wyvern 157
316. Seal of Margaret, Queen of Edward I. 160
317. Seal of Margaret Lady De Ros 161
318. Seal of Joan, Countess of Surrey 162
319. Seal of Mary, Countess of Pembroke 164
320. Seal of Matilda of Lancaster 164
321. Seal of Oliver de Bohun 165
322. Shield of Earl John de Dreux 165
323. Shield of Castile and Leon 166
324. Shield of Henry, Earl of Northumberland 167
325. Shield of Mayor of Winchelsea 168
326. Shield of De Valence and Claremont Nesle 168
327. Shield of Camoys and Mortimer 169
328. Shield of D’Aubigny and Scotland 170
329. Shield of Earl Richard Beauchamp 171
330. Four Diagrams illustrative of Marshalling 171-2
331, 332. Two Diagrams illustrative of Marshalling 172
333, 334, 335. Three Diagrams illustrative of Marshalling 172
336. Shield of Eldest Sons of Edward I. and II. 178
337. Shield of Black Prince 178
338. Label of Lancaster 179
339. Label of Brittany 179
340. Label of York 179
341. Label of Clarence 180
342. Label of Henry and John of Lancaster 180
343. Label of Thomas of Lancaster 180
344. Shield of Holland, of Kent 181
345. Shield of Henry of Lancaster 182
346. Shield of Beauchamp of Elmely 183
347. Shield of Beauchamp at Carlaverock 183
348. Shield of Beauchamp of Warwick 184
349. Shield of Beauchamp of Bletshoe 184
350. Shield of Bishop Grandison 185
351. Seal of Bishop Le Despencer 185
352. Shield of Sir Fulk Fitz Warin 186
353. Shield of Thomas le Scrope 186
354. Crescent, for Difference 186
355. Mullet, for Difference 186
356. Shield of Lord Latimer 187
357. Shield of Neville 187
358. Shield of Sir Wm. de Brewys 187
359. Shield of Henry, Earl of Worcester 189
360. Shield of Beaufort, before 1397 189
361. Shield of Beaufort, after 1397 189
362. Shield of Charles, Earl of Worcester 190
363. Shield of Sir Roger de Clarendon 190
364. Arms of Radulphus de Arundel 190
365. Seal of William Fraser 193
366. Shield of Earl of Chester 195
367. Shield of Fitz Ralph 196
368. Shield of De Luterell 197
369. Shield of De Wadsley 197
370. Shield of De Wortley 198
371. Shield of De Mounteney 198
372. Shield of De Mounteney 198
373. Shield in St. Alban’s Abbey 203
374. Shield of Howard, after Flodden 205
374A. Howard Augmentation 205
375. Fan-Crest, Richard I. 209
376. Fan-Crest, Henry de Perci 209
377. Fan-Crest, Henry de Laci 209
378. Seal of Alexander de Balliol 210
379. Helm, &c., Thomas, Earl of Lancaster 211
380. Helm, &c., Geoffrey Luterell 212
381. Seal, Sir Robert de Marny 212
382. Seal, William de Wyndesor 214
383. Crest, Sir R. Grey, K.G. 215
384. Helm, &c., Richard II. 216
385. Helm, &c., Sir Hugh Hastings 217
386. Crest-Wreath, Sir William Vernon 217
387. Crest-Wreath, Sir Robert Harcourt 217
388. Crest-Wreath, Effigy at Tewkesbury 217
389. Basinet and Crest-Wreath, Sir H. Stafford 218
390. Seal, Earl Robert Bruce 225
391. Seal, Sir Walter Hungerford 225
392. Seal, Sir Robert de Hungerford 226
393. Badge, Tau and Bell 227
394. Ostrich Feather Badge 231
395, 396. Three Ostrich Feathers, Peterborough 231
397. Ostrich Feather Badge, Ludlow 232
398. Ostrich Feather Badge, Deanery, Peterborough 232
399. Ostrich Feather Badge, St. Alban’s Abbey 232
400. Ostrich Feather Badge, Exeter Cathedral 232
401. Shield “for Peace” of Black Prince 234
402. Ostrich Feather Badge, Seal of Henry IV. 235
403. Ostrich Feather Badge, Seal of Thomas, Duke of Gloster 235
404. Ostrich Feather Badge, Garter Plate of John Beaufort 235
405. Seal of Devorguilla Crawford 239
406. Seal of Margaret, Lady Hungerford 240
407. Seal of Earl Edmund de Mortimer 242
408. Seal of Robert Graham 243
409. Seal of Sir Wm. Lindsay 243
410. Seal of Sir John Drummond 244
411. Pennon 247
412. Pennon of Percy 247
413. Banners and Pennons 248
414. Seal of Earl John Holland 249
415. Standard of Sir H. de Stafford, K.G. 251
416. The Royal Standard 252
417. The First Union Jack 253
418. Banner of St. George 253
419. Banner of St. Andrew 253
420. The Second Union Jack 254
421. The Banner of St. Patrick 254
422. Red Ensign 255
423. Royal Arms of Stuart Sovereigns 261
424. Arms of Nassau 261
425. Diagram of Arms of William III. and Mary 261
426. Diagram of Arms of William III. alone 261
427. Diagram of Arms of Anne 262
428. Arms of Hanover 262
429, 430. Diagrams of Royal Arms 262, 263
431. Crest of England 264
432. Signet Ring of Queen Mary Stuart 265
433. Insignia of the Order of the Garter 277
434. “Lesser George” of the Garter 279
435. Jewel of the Thistle 281
436. Badge of St. Patrick 281
437. Badge of the Bath, Naval and Military 284
438. Badge of the Bath, Diplomatic and Civil 285
439. Badge of the Star of India 288
440. Victoria Cross 293
441. The Albert Medal 293
442. Seal of Lord Bardolf 318
443. Seal of William Mure 319
444. Seal of Thomas Monypeny 319
445. Seal of Richard Stuart 319
446. Seal of Earl Thomas de Beauchamp Frontispiece
447. Counter-Seal of the same 320
448. Seal of Earl Richard de Beauchamp Frontispiece
449. Seal of Sir Walter Scott, A.D. 1529 326
450. Insignia of the Order of the Thistle 280
451. Insignia of the Order of St. Patrick 282
452. Collar and Military Badge, Order of the Bath 283
453. Star of Knight Grand Cross (Civil) 285
454. Star of Knight Commander (Military) 285
455. Order of Merit 286
456. Collar and Insignia of Exalted Order of the Star of India 287
457. Star and Collar of the Order of St. Michael and St. George 289
458. Eminent Order of the Indian Empire 290
459. Badge of same 291
460. G. C. V. O. Star 291
461. K. C. V. O. Star 291
462. G. C. V. O. Badge 291
463. K. C. V. O. Badge 291
464. Distinguished Service Older 292
465. Imperial Service Order 292