Part 3 — GENERAL INDEX
Reading edition
A
Abdomen, penetrating wounds of, 469
Abella, teacher of medicine at Salerno, 245
Abou Bekr, distinguished Arab physician in Spain, 232
Abou Sahl el Messihy, distinguished Persian physician, 223
Abscess, mediastinal, 229
Abulcasis, famous Arab surgeon, 226
Abulpharagius, 184
Académie de Chirurgie, Paris (1731), 450
Académie des Curieux da la Nature, 364
Académie des Sciences, 363
Accademia dei Lincei, Rome, 364
Accademia del Cimento, Florence, 364
Acrabadin Kebir, 209
Acupressure, 143
Adams, Frederick, 89
Aegidius Corboliensis, 255
Aeneas, wounded in groin, 49
Aesculapius, 47, 49
symbol of, 315
temple of, at Cos, 514
Aëtius, 194, 318
Afflacius, John, 245, 248
Agathinus, 142
Agrate, Marco, 339
Aigle, daughter of Aesculapius, 50
Alae nasi, Galen’s comments on movements of, 173
Albert von Bollstedt (Albertus Magnus), 269
Alcmaeon, 73, 79
Alderotti, Thaddeus, 272
Alexander of Tralles, 195
Alexander Philalethes, 115
Alexander the Great, 100
Alexandria, Egypt, 100, 116
Alhazen, researches in optics, 233
Alkaloids (quintessences of Paracelsus), 405
Almansur, Caliph of Bagdad, 184, 203
Almenar, Juan, 544
Alphanus II., Abbot of Monte Cassino, 239
Alsaharavius, 227
Alu, 13
Amatus Lusitanus, 484, 487
Ambrosia, antidote for poisons, 112
Amputation of leg (Fig.), 463
Amrou, 116, 185
Amulets and other magical remedies, 197
Anaesthesia, Surgical, from employment of soporific sponges, 253, 462
Anatomical demonstrations at Salerno, 253
Anatomical specimens, preservation of, 356
Anatomy and physiology, important discoveries during 16th century, 353
Anatomy, importance of study of, 312
Anatomy, microscopic, 360
Anaximander, 72
Anaximenes, 72
Andreas of Carystus, 114
Animism, 405, 432
Antidotarium, early name for pharmacopoeia, 319
Antidotarium Nicolai, 548
Antimony, curative action of, 158, 548
Antiochus, cured by Erasistratus, 106
Antoninus Pius, 57
Antrum of Highmore, 359
Antyllus, 143, 201
Apes, dissection of, 164
Apollo, the god of medicine, 18, 50
Apollonius Mus, 111
Apothecary, 316, 319
Apparatus magnus (operation for stone in the bladder), 474
Apuleius, Lucius, 120, 126
Aqua vitae, how prepared, 313
Arabian physicians, dogmatism of, 412
Arab renaissance, 203, 217, 233, 259
Arantian operation, a substitute for Tagliacotian operation, 481
Aranzio or Arantius, 349, 481
Arceo, Francisco, 484, 486
Archaeus influus and Archaeus insitus, 399
Archagathus, 119
Archigenes, 142, 174
on ligation of larger blood-vessels before amputation of a limb, 470
Archimathaeus, 248
Arderne, John, 307
Aretaeus, 144
Aristophanes, 58
Aristotle, 73, 102, 433
commentary by Averroes, 229
Arnold, of Villanova, 292–296
Arrow, extraction of, from chest during battle (Fig.), 461
Ars parva, of Galen, 248
Arteries, ligaturing of divided, after an amputation, 289
Arteriotomy, for relief of hemicrania, 470
Artery forceps devised by Ambroise Paré, 512
Asakku, the demon who produces fever in the head, 13
Asclepiades, founder of a new sect at Rome, 116, 119, 122
Asclepieia, 50, 52, 57
Asclepieion at Cos (Figs.), 53
at Epidaurus, 52
Aselli, Caspar, 385
Assyrian medicine, 11
Astringents, 133
Astrologer, a typical, 12
Astrologers in Babylonia, 14
Astruc, Jean, 548
Athenaeus, founder of sect of Pneumatists, 141
Athens, a great medical centre, 96
epidemic of the Plague at, 96
Athletic exercises as a therapeutic measure, 69
Athotis, 17
Augustus, Roman Emperor, cured of gout by hydrotherapy, 129
Auricles of the heart, comments on, by H. de Mondeville, 290
Auscultation of the chest, 20, 159
Austrichildis, King Guntram’s wife, 240, 241
Authors, numerous in Cordova in 12th century, 232
Averroes, pupil of Avenzoar, 229
Averroism, 267
Avenzoar, 228
Avicenna, 221
B
Babylonia, genuine remedial agents employed in, 13
Babylonian astrologers, 14
Babylonians, strange beliefs held by, in regard to human anatomy and physiology, 13
Bacon, Francis, 338
Bacon, Roger, 271
Bacteriology, first studies in, 362
Bagdad, a second great hospital founded at, in A. D. 914, 219
Bain, Christopher, 396
Bakhtichou ben Djordis, 205, 207
Bakhtichou, George, 205
Barbaric Latin, 262
Barbers, the earliest surgeons in France, 530
Barbers and Barber-Surgeons, 282, 369, 449, 464
Barber-Surgeons’ Company, of London, 519
Bartholomaeus, 245
Baseilhac, Jean, 552
Baseilhac, Pascal, 496
Basel, public dissection of human body at, 455
visited by Vesalius in 1542, 455
Baths extensively used by ancients, 157, 323
Baudelocque, 539
Bede, The Venerable, believed in cures by supernatural means, 241
Belladonna, when first used for dilating the pupils, 157
Benedictine monastery on Monte Cassino, 238
Beniveni, Antonio, 389, 498
Benvenuto Cellini, 341
Berendes, 159, 317, 322, 426
Berengarius of Carpi, 342, 374
Bernardo di Rapallo, 472
Bertharius, abbot of Monte Cassino, 239
Berthelot, on Geber, 320
Bertrucius, 310
Bile, black and yellow, 86
manner of production, 109
Bladder, tuberculous ulceration of, 200
Blancaard, Stephen, 359
Blood, inflammation of (Sydenham), 423
production of, according to Erasistratus, 109
spirituous, 373
transfusion of, 408
Bloodletting, comments on, by Celsus, 152
from a vein, technique, 152
how practice first originated, 6
rule of Hippocrates regarding, 411
under what circumstances advisable, 133
Blood-vessels, Capillary, circulation in, 383
when first injected artificially, 356, 359
Boerhaave, Hermann, 144, 438, 441
gives clinical instruction at Leyden, 430
treatise on chemistry the standard for many years, 440
Boiling of drinking water practiced by ancient Persians, 26
Bologna Medical School, 272, 281, 332
Boniface VIII., Pope, successfully treated for stone in the bladder, 293
Books, great demand for, in 15th century, 329
Borelli, Alphonso, 368
Botallo, Leonardo, 413
Botanical gardens, 17, 392, 393
Bougies, urethral, 495
Bourgeois, Louise, 536
Boyle, Robert, a distinguished chemist, 406
Branca, father and son, skilled in rhinoplasty, 459
Brassavola, experimental pharmacologist, 398
Breviarium, Arnold’s, 294
Briggs, William, 545
Brissot, Pierre, 411
Bronze surgical knives, 16
Browne, Andrew, the friend of Sydenham, 422, 424
Brunner, Johann Conrad, 359
Brunschwig, Hieronymus, 456
Brunus, 277
Bullets not hot when they enter the flesh, 513
Burinna, name of spring on the Island of Cos, 54
Byzantium, the new capital of the Roman Empire, 180
C
Cabanès, 402
Cacao, 395
Caelius Aurelianus, 132, 159
Caesar, Julius, liberality of, toward foreign physicians settled in Rome, 119
Caesalpinus, Andreas, 372, 375, 394
Caesarian section, 396, 534
Cairo physicians distinguished ophthalmologists, 225
Calcar, Vesalius’ draughtsman, 344
Calculus in the bladder may not be dissolved by internal remedies, 498
Callidum innatum of Hippocrates, 415
Calvin, John, visited by Felix Platter, 335
Cancer of breast, sculptured in marble (Fig.), 68
Cancer, ulcerated, not to be cauterized, 285
Cannani, 378
Canon, the, of Avicenna, 222
Capsicum, 395
Caraka, East Indian medical author, 31
Carbonic acid, nature of, expounded by Van Helmont, 400
Carbonous oxide, 434
Carcano Leone, 475, 476
Case histories recorded on tablets, 67
Cassiodorus, 238
Castor oil, perfected by Apollonius Mus, 111
Cataract operations of Pierre Franco, 494
Cato, Marcus Porcius, 117, 235
Caustics, too freely used as haemostatics, 466
Cauterization of ulcerated cancer not approved by Lanfranchi, 285
Cauterizing instruments, 279
Celsus, Aulus Cornelius, 150, 151, 155
Cerebral nerves, crossing of, in relation to paralysis of one side of the body, 144
Cermisone, Antonio, 313
Chamberlen, Hugh, 538
Chaldean doctrine of numbers, 74
Charcoal, fumes of burning, 435
Chaucer’s account of a clever physician, 308
Chemical element defined, 407
Chemistry in ancient Egypt, 17
modern, developed gradually from alchemy, 320
Chicory an effective remedy in abdominal diseases, 109
Chinese conceptions concerning human physiology, 41
Chinese medicine, 38, 39
Chiron, 48
Christianity, influence of, upon evolution of medicine, 179
Chrysippus, 141
Chyle, distribution of, after it leaves the stomach, 109
Chyle ducts, discovery of, 385
Cicero’s interpretation of the expression “gods” as employed by the ancients, 18
Cinchona, discovery of, 408
Circa instans, the title commonly given to treatise of Matthew Platearius, 253
Circulation of blood, Galen’s physiology of, 373
de Mondeville’s comments, 289
Citizenship, rights of, bestowed by Julius Caesar on all foreign physicians practicing in Rome, 119, 130
Civitas Hippocratica, 243
Claudius, Roman Emperor, merciful action of, toward slaves, 235
Clemens, of Alexandria, Egypt, 17
Clement IV., Pope, protects Roger Bacon, 272
Clement V., Pope, removes papal seat from Rome to Avignon, 293
Clinical instruction at Leyden Hospital, 429
Clowes, William, 519
Cnidian school of medicine, 81
Cnidus, in Caria, Asia Minor, 51
Coca, 395
Cold, exposure to, unusual treatment of, 489
College of Physicians, London, 417
College of Saint Cosmas, Paris, 283, 284, 448
Colliget, title of treatise written by Averroes, 229
Colot, Laurent, famous French lithotomist, 474
Columbus, Realdus, 349
experiments relating to physiology of heart, 377
Côme, Frère, 550
Communities, term employed by the Methodists for designating the two conditions “laxum” and “strictum,” 130
Compendium aromatariorum, the first modern treatise on materia medica, 320
Compendium Salernitanum, 246
Conciliator, title of one of Pietro d’Abano’s great works, 266, 267
Constantinople, taking of, by the Turks, an important aid to the advance of medicine, 328
Constantinus the African, 239, 248, 260
Contagion, innate, 220
Contagious diseases, Fracastoro’s classification of, 390
Continens, title of Rhazes’ great work, 220, 262
Contraria contrariis, principle of, in therapeutics, 132
Cosmas and Damian, 282, 449
Copaiva, Balsam of, 395
Cophon, teacher of medicine at Salerno, 245
Cordova, Spain, centre of great intellectual activity, 218, 232
Corpse, the touching of a, believed by the Persians to produce a special contamination, 25
Cos, Island of (Figs.), 53
Costa ben Luca, 215, 216
Costanza Calenda, 245
Cowper, William, 360
Croke, A., 250
Cronos, 19
Crotona, Italy, 51
Cullen, William, 432
Curtis, John G., 72, 140
Cyrene, in Lybia, Africa, 51
Cystotomy, hypogastric, 495
D
Damascus, an active medical centre in the 13th century, 225, 232
Daremberg, 50, 75, 240, 420
Darius I., King of the Persians, 26, 75
David’s harp-playing, effect of, on King Saul’s melancholia, 27
Da Vinci, Leonardo, 339
Daza Chacon, 484
De le Boë, Franz, 427
De Marchettis, Domenico, 359
Demetrius, of Apamea, 114
Democedes, 73, 75
Democritus, 82
Demosthenes, of Marseilles, 115
Denys, of Paris, 408
Desiderius, Abbot of Monte Cassino, 239
Dezeimeris, 341, 400
Dietetics of pregnant women, 199
Dieting and athletic exercises, 69
Dietz, Reinhold, discoverer of an early Greek manuscript of Soranus, 138
Digestion, physiology of, according to Erasistratus, 108
according to Aretaeus, 144
Diocles, of Carystos, 103
Dionis, Pierre, distinguished French anatomist, 41, 364, 383, 540
Dioscorides, Pedanius, 157, 317
Diphtheria, genuine, recognized by Paracelsus, 405
Diphtheria, pharyngeal, known in 2d century as Syriac ulcer, 144
Diseases mentioned in the papyrus Ebers, 20
Dislocation of shoulder, successfully reduced by Gabriel Bakhtichou, 207
Dissecting of human bodies, early attempts, 309, 327, 331
practice approved by University of Salamanca, 346
practice made obligatory in the medical schools early in 18th century, 364
Distempers of the stiff and elastic fibres (Boerhaave), 442
Divine water of the alchemists, 321
Djondisabour, early establishment of a medical school at, 184, 204
Doctor, when first employed as a title, 280
Dodoens, Rembert (Dodonaeus), 395
Dogmatists, sect of the, 101, 103, 149
Donato, Marcello, 396
Don Carlos, of Spain, skull severely injured, 485
Dorveaux, Paul, 548
Douglas, James, 361
Drachma, value of, 207
Draco, son of Hippocrates, 82
Dracunculus medinensis, 233
Drugs, enumerated by Homer in the Odyssey, 18
enumerated by Dioscorides, 18
remedial effects of, 398
Dry treatment of wounds, 275, 285
DuBois, Jacques (Sylvius), the anatomist, 340, 345
Dysentery, East Indian treatment of, 409
E
Ear, cherry pit in, 396
fatal disease of, 489
East Indian surgeons performed suprapubic cystotomy before the Christian era, 497
Eben el Khammar, a distinguished Persian physician, 222
Ebers papyrus, the, 20
Eclectics, the, 142, 149
Egypt, ancient, practice of medicine in, 16, 17
process of embalming in, 17
temples were used as hospitals and as medical schools, as well as for purposes of worship, 19
Egyptians, the ancient, surgical instruments used by, 21
surgical methods employed by, 21
therapeutics of, 20
they were good sanitarians, 23
they were the originators of many of the Mosaic laws, 27
Eleatic school of philosophy, 73
Elbow-joint, exarticulation of, 508
Electric ray, shocks communicated by, utilized in treatment of severe headache, 155
Elisha the prophet cures Naaman’s so-called leprosy, 27
Embalming, Egyptian process of, 17
Emir Adhad Eddoula founds a great hospital at Bagdad, 219
Empedocles (444 B. C.) places the seat of the hearing in the labyrinth of the temporal bone, 80
Empirics, sect of the, 101, 111, 149
Encyclopaedists, the, 156
Epicureans, the, 102
Epidaurus, in Argolis, Greece, 51
Epione, wife of Aesculapius, 50
Erasistratus, 104, 106, 110
teachings of, with regard to nature of the blood and the circulation, 371
Erasmus, on Linacre, 418
Étienne, Robert, 197
Euenor, 99
Euler, Leonhard, 360
Euporista, title of Oribasius’ treatise, 192
Euporiston, title of treatise by Priscianus, 193
Eustachius, Bartholomaeus, 345, 348, 358, 384
Evil spirits, part played by, in producing disease, 8
Exercise, physical, not absolutely necessary to persons in normal health, 125
Experience, great value attached to, by Hippocrates, 148
F
Fabiola, the widow, established the first hospital in Rome, 235
Fabricius ab Acquapendente, 349, 351, 378, 478
Fabricius of Hilden, 464
Facial hemiparesis, sculptured in marble (Fig.), 68
Fallopius or Falloppius, Gabriele, 341, 348, 360, 393, 474, 478
Farragut, of Girgenti, Sicily, 262
Faust, Johannes, 322
Fedeles, Fortunatus, 398
Fees, medical, in Babylonia, 15
Fever, nature of, as taught by Sydenham, 423
Feldbuch der Wundartzney, von Gerssdorff’s, 462
Femur, fracture of, 510
Ferment in blood the cause of small-pox (Rhazes), 220
Fernel, Jean, 414
Filaria Medinensis, removal of, from boy’s leg, 489
Finckenstein, 543
Fistula in ano, John Arderne’s treatise on, 307
Flammula, 522
Flint knives, 9
Flos Medicinae, title of medical treatise, 251
Flourens, 374
Foramen Botalli, 413
Forceps for crushing stone in the bladder (Fig.), 497
Forceps, obstetrical, invention of, 535
Foreest, Peter, 413
Formulary of Sabour ben Sahl, 209
Fossel, 391
Fra Sarpi, 378
Fracastoro, Hieronymus, 221, 362, 389, 391
Franco, Pierre, 490, 494, 495, 497
Franconian operation, revived in 1719 by John Douglas of London, 496
Frederick II., King of Sicily, promotes work of translating from the Arabic, 261
Freind, John, 184, 195, 416
Frère Jacques de Beaulieu, 550
Friedlaender, 3
G
Gabriel, the most distinguished member of the Bakhtichou family, 207
Gaius, of Naples, a distinguished ophthalmologist, 115
Gale, Thomas, 517
Galeazzo di Santa Sofia, Professor of Anatomy at Vienna, 311
Galen, Claudius, 74, 160, 316, 344
on the nature of the blood, 372
on the true function of respiration, 372
on the treatment of wounds, 275
treatises written by, 167
Galenic doctrines, 400
Galenical preparations, 317
Galenism, meaning of the term, 388
Galenists, English, in 17th century, 419
Galen’s system of therapeutics still used in Persia, 317
Galileo, 546
Gallu, the demon who causes diseases of the hand, 13
Gariopontus, a teacher at Salerno, 245, 247
Gas sylvestre, 401
Geber, credited with being the founder of chemistry, 233
now believed to be a mythical personage, 320
Gentile da Foligno, 266
Gerard of Cremona, 227, 261
Germ origin of certain febrile diseases suspected by Rhazes, 221
Germany, devastated during the 17th century, 426
medical education in (from 1400 to 1600), 454
Gerssdorff, Hans von, 460
Gesner, Conrad, 394
Gilbertus Anglicus, 305, 516
Gilles de Corbeil, on urology, 255
Gladiators, schools for, 68
Glauber’s salt, 410
Glisson, Francis, 358, 546
Glossulae quatuor magistrorum, 280
Gordonius, 296
Gourdon, Bernard de (Gordonius), 296
Gout, remedy for, recommended by Aëtius, 195
Graaf, Reignier de, 359, 361
Grapheus, Benevenutus, celebrated eye surgeon of the 12th century, 256
Graves, robbing of, for dissecting material, 309, 332, 336
Great Britain, condition of surgery in, during 16th and 17th centuries, 516
Greek proverbs relating to medicine, 77
Gregory, Bishop of Tours, 241
Griffon, Jean, distinguished Genevese surgeon, 464
Guaiac, inefficient anti-syphilitic remedy, 405
Guainerio, of Pavia, 496
Guarna, Rebecca, 245
Guericke, Otto von, 546
Guido Guidi (Vidus Vidius), the anatomist, 340
Guillemeau, Jacques, 536
Guiscard, Robert, a resident at Salerno, 240
Guldinus, Paul, 409
Gunpowder, first employment of, in European warfare, 328
Gunshot wounds, 467, 473
Gurlt, von, 455
Guy de Chauliac, 227, 263, 298, 299, 310
founder of didactic surgery, 300
manner of treating injured nerves, 302
manner of treating fractures of the thigh, 304
Gymnastic exercises, institutions for cultivating, 68
Gynaecologists, early, 115
Gynaecology successfully practiced by Soranus, 140
H
Haller, Albert von, 142, 344
Haly, Abbas, a Persian physician and the author of the famous treatise called “Al-Maleky”—“The Royal Book,” 223
Hammurabi’s law with reference to physicians’ fees in Babylonia, 15
Harderwyk, University of, 439
Haroun Alraschid, 206
Harvey, William, discoverer of the circulation of the blood, 379
Head, injuries of (Wuertz), 467
Heart, anatomy of, according to de Mondeville, 289
physiology of, 377
Heidelberg, University of, 454
Heliodorus, 202
Helvetius, 409
Hemorrhage from a wound, different means of arresting, 154, 277
Henry the Second’s manner of death, 511
Henschel, researches of, 246
Herakleides, of Tarentum, 111
Hercules an ancestor of Hippocrates, 81
Hermetic books relating to medicine, 18
Hernia, radical cure of, by members of the Norsa family, 482
Hernia-healers, 490
Herodicus, of Selymbria, 69
Herodotus, a different person from the famous historian, 26, 142
Herophilus, a distinguished physician of Chalcedon, 104
Herzog, excavations made by, at Cos, 55
Hesychios, 201
Heurnius, Johannes, clinical teacher at Leyden, 429
High operation for stone in the bladder (le haut appareil), 495, 496
Highmore, Nathaniel, 359, 546
Hindu physicians held very crude ideas about pathology, 31
Hippocrates the Great, 81, 82, 98, 411
Hippocratic oath, 71
Hippocratic writings, French version of Littré, 83
German version of Fuchs, 84
short extracts, 89
Hirsch, August, 399, 545
Hobeïch, 215
Hofmann, Moritz, 358
Hoffmann, Friedrich, 431, 434
Hoffmann’s anodyne, 437
Homeric poems probably written about B. C. 800, 46
Homer’s familiarity with anatomy, 48
Honein, 208, 212, 214, 317
Hospital gangrene, Wuertz’s views regarding, 469
Hospitals in the Middle Ages, 219, 235
Hôtel-Dieu at Lyons founded in the 6th century, 236, 450
Hôtel-Dieu at Paris over-crowded in early part of 16th century (Fig.), 452
Hrabanus Maurus, Abbot of Fulda Monastery, 241
Hugo Benzi (Hugo of Siena), 312
Hugo of Lucca, 275
Hydrotherapy at the Cos Asclepieion, 54
in the treatment of gout, 129
Hygieia, daughter of Aesculapius, 50
Hyoscyamus, when first used for dilating the pupils, 157
Hyrtl, Joseph, 311, 356, 532
I
Iatreia, or small private hospitals, 68
Iatrochemists and IATROPHYSICISTS in 17th century, 366
Ibrahim, pupil of George Bakhtichou, 206
Idea morbosa (Van Helmont), 399
Ileo-caecal valve, discovery of, 350
Iliad and Odyssey, references in, to medicine, 47
India, ancient, rich in skilful surgeons, 35
India, great mortality in, from bites of venomous serpents, 64
the medicine of, 31
Ingrassia, 349
Innocent XI., Pope, 392
Inoculation against small-pox practiced by the Chinese in the 11th century, 43
Intention, healing by first, 277
Intestine, wounds of, 255, 459
Ionian School of Philosophy, 72
Ipecacuanha, discovery of, 408, 409
Isaac, son of Honein, 215
Isis, 19
Isola San Bartolommeo, 51
Israelites, medicine of the, 26, 27
Issa ben Chalata, 205
Itinerant lithotomists, 549
J
Jacobus Psychrestos, 201
Jalap, 395
Jamerius, author of “Chirurgia Jamati,” 255
Janiscus, son of Aesculapius, 50
Japanese physicians, modern, 45
Jardin-du-Roi, 540
Jaso, daughter of Aesculapius, 50
Jean de Vigo, 472, 473
Jewish medical students, numerous at Montpellier, 265
John of Arderne, 516
of Capua, 261
of Gaddesden, 305, 516
of Salisbury, 264
the Grammarian, of Alexandria, 185
Journalism, medical, beginnings of, 545
Julian the Apostate, Roman Emperor, 236, 435
Jusserand, 306
K
Kerckring, Theodor, 359
King, Edmund, 408
Kitab al-kullidschat (= “Colliget”), title of Averroes’ treatise, 229
Koelliker, 455
L
Laboulbène, comments on Sydenham, 425
Labyrinth of temporal bone, 80
Lancisi, Giovanni Maria, 349, 391
discovers copper plates intended for Eustachius’ “Anatomy,” 392
Lanfranchi, 282, 284
Languages, learned, importance of acquiring a knowledge of them, 271
Lanolin, described by Dioscorides in A. D. 100, 318
Lapeyronie, François de, 531
Laryngoscopy, direct, mentioned by Savonarola, 313
Latin, barbaric, 262, 300
commonly employed by teachers of medicine in 16th and 17th centuries, 369
habitually spoken at Oxford and Cambridge in 17th century, 424
Laudanum, Sydenham’s liquid, formula for, 424
Laurea Anglica, title of treatise written by Gilbertus Anglicus, 305
Laxatives, a term originated by the Methodists, 133
Laxum and strictum, 130
Le Clerc, Daniel, 73, 171
Le Clerc, Lucien, 217
Leech lodged in the naso-pharynx, 397
Leeches, therapeutic employment of, first mentioned by Themison, 133
Leeuwenhoek, Anton van, 360
Leg, amputation of (Fig.), 463
Leibnitz, 363
Leonides, 201
Leonine versification, 251
Levret, 539
Libraries, public, seventy possessed by Spain during the 12th century, 232
Liebreich, originator of the term “lanolin,” 318
Ligatures applied to blood-vessels by Archigenes in the early part of 2d century, 143
employment of, by Jean de Vigo, in 1460, 473
used on amputation stumps, 519
Linacre, Thomas, 416
founded two “lectures of physick” at Oxford, 417
instrumental in securing the foundation of the College of Physicians at London, 417
Liquor balsamicus, 357
Lithontripsy, Giovanni de Romanis supposed to be the inventor of, 474
Lithotome of Frère Côme (Fig.), 553
Lithotomists, itinerant, 490, 549
Lithotomy, suprapubic, 495
Lithotrity practiced first by Beniveni in the 15th century, 498
Louis de Bourges, First Physician to Francis I., 414
Louvain, University of, 345
Lower, Richard, 408
Lucius Verus, Roman Emperor, 165
Lucrum neglectum, probable meaning of the expression, 353
Luke, “the beloved physician,” 30
Lutetia, Gaul, the present city of Paris, 435
Luther, Martin, a believer in the “black art,” 322
Lymphatics, intestinal, 385
Lyons, France, founding of the Hôtel-Dieu in that city (6th century), 236
M
Machaon and Podalirius, sons of Aesculapius, 47, 50
Magati, Cesare, 529
Maggi, Bartolommeo, 473
discoverer of the fact that a bullet is not hot at moment of inflicting a wound, 513
Magical remedies, 197
Magnus, disciple of Athenaeus, 142
Magreb, 218
Maimonides, esteemed the greatest Jew after Moses, 230
Malevolent spirits, capable of producing disease, 8
Malpighi, 360, 361
Manardus, Johannes, 389
Manfred, King of Sicily, 262
founds a university at Naples in 1258 A. D., 257
Manuscripts, medical, transcribing of, at Monastery of Saint Gall, 244
Marc Antonio della Torre, 339
Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor, 165
Marianus Sanctus, 474
Mariotte, Edme, 546
Martyrdom of Christian physicians, 180
Master of Medicine, grade of, 304
Materia medica, early Greek, 158
first modern treatise on (1447), 320
Mauriceau, François, 537
Maurus, teacher of medicine at Salerno, 245
Mayerne, Turquet de, 547
Meaux Saint-Marc, translator of “Schola Salernitana” into French, 250
Mediastinitis, case of, 228
Medical teaching in Ancient Greece, 70, 85
in the Asclepieia, 69
Medical treatises, Greek, destruction of, in Rome, during the 5th century, 185
Medicine, beginnings of a rational system of, 67
development of different sects, after the death of Hippocrates, 101
evolution of, as affected by the Arab Renaissance, 203, 233
God of, 50
influence of the Italian Renaissance upon, 260
mediaeval, 191
practice of, at Rome, in century preceding Christian era, 117
pre-Homeric period of, in Greece, 46
relation of monasteries to, 238
slowness of development of, 3
Medicine man of the Indian tribes the earliest type of the physician, 8
Medina worm discovered by Abulcasis, 233
Membrana Ruyschiana, 357
Menelaüs wounded at siege of Troy, 48
Menocritus, physician, honored by a marble column in Greece, 99
Mercuriade, teacher of medicine at Salerno, 245
Mesopotamia, medicine in, 11
Mesué, John, the Elder, 209
Metasyncrisis, a term originated by Thessalus, 136
Methodists, school of the, 129, 138, 149
Meyer, Ernest von, 400
Meyer-Steineg, of Jena, Germany, 16, 52, 53, 68, 120, 129, 134, 142
Michael Scotus, 262
Microscopic anatomy, first beginnings of, 360, 362
Migraine relieved by arteriotomy, 470
Mikrotechne of Galen, 248
Minderer, Raymond, 407
Mineral waters employed extensively by the ancients in the form of baths, 157
Mirach, 521
Mirfeld, John, 306
Misopogon, title of satire written by Julian the Apostate, 436
Mithridates, 127
Mithridaticum, composition of, 112
Mixtum, term employed by the Methodists, 131
Mommsen, 235
Monasteries in the Middle Ages, 181, 235
relation of, to medicine, 238
Mondeville, Henri de (Fig.), 287, 288, 289, 291
Mondino, the anatomist, 274, 280, 312, 332
Monks obliged to practice medicine during the Middle Ages, 141, 154
Monte Cassino, founding of Benedictine monastery on, 238, 239
Montpellier, Medical School of, 264, 292, 332
Morbus gallicus, 543
Mosaic laws, the, related particularly to social hygiene, 26
Moschion, pupil of Soranus, 139
Motassem, Caliph, 210
Moxae, moxibustion, 44
Murphy’s button, Pfolspeundt’s (15th century) prototype of, 459
Musa, Antonius, physician of Emperor Augustus, 129
Musandinus, 245, 254
Musulmans as zealous as the Christians in establishing hospitals, 237
N
Naaman’s so-called leprosy cured by the prophet Elisha, 27
Namtar, the special demon of the Plague, 13
Naples, university established at, in 1258 A. D., 257
Nasal cavity, illuminating the, 482
Neo-Latin, 262
Neolithic age, state of medical knowledge during the, 9
Nepenthes, 49
Nerves, wounds of, comments of Guy de Chauliac upon, 302
Neuburger, Max, 24, 41, 51, 84, 132, 222, 228, 231, 249
Newton, Sir Isaac, 546
Nicaise, Edouard, 228, 263, 282, 287, 300
Nicholas, the monk, sent by the Emperor Romanus to Cordova as an interpreter of Dioscorides, 226
Nicolaus Myrepsus, 318
Nicolaus Praepositus, Antidotarium of, 253
Nicotine, the alkaloid found in tobacco, 395
Norsa family, celebrated as operators for the radical cure of hernia, 482
Nuck, Anton, the anatomist, 359, 439
Nufer, Jacob, 534
O
Oath, Hippocratic, 71
Obstetric methods, rational, of Soranus, 138, 139
Obstetrical forceps, 535
Obstetrics, practice of, in ancient Egypt, 17
Odyssey, reference to drugs in the, 18
Oil of St. John’s wort, 522
Oisypum (lanolin), first described by Dioscorides (100 A. D.), 318
Old Testament, medicine of the, 26
Oleum Hyperici, 522
Onasilos, a physician, bronze tablet in honor of (5th century B. C.), found in Island of Cyprus, 99
Opedeldoch, 404
Ophthalmologists, early, 115
Ophthalmology, important contributions to, 546
Opium, probably the drug referred to by term “nepenthes,” 49
proper manner of obtaining, first described by Scribonius Largus, 155
Sydenham’s opinion with regard to the value of, 424
Oporinus, Paracelsus’ assistant, 404
Ordronaux, John, 250, 252
Oribasius, 191
Oriental medicine, 11
Osiris, or Serapis, 19
Over-eating, according to the ancient Egyptians, is the cause of the majority of diseases, 22
P
Padua Medical School, 267, 352
Pagel, 57
Palermo, Sicily, a great centre of literary activity, 261
Panadoes, how prepared, 443
Panakeia, daughter of Aesculapius, 50
Pancreas, outlet duct of, discovered in 1641, 358
Paper, invention of, 328
Papin, Denis, 547
Paracelsus, 369, 401, 405, 465
monument in honor of, at Basel, 406
pharmaceutical preparations of, 404
sayings of, 403
treatises published by, 403
Paracentesis abdominis, 110, 124
Paramirum, title of Paracelsus’ principal treatise, 403
Parchment invented at Pergamum in 3d century B. C., 101
Paré, Ambroise (Figs.), 404, 499, 500, 502, 515
abandons use of boiling oil, 503
arrests bleeding from divided blood-vessels by use of ligatures, 512
bitter jealousy shown by his contemporaries, 501
charge of plagiarism against him not sustained, 514
devises artery forceps and other surgical apparatus, 512
exarticulation of elbow-joint performed by him, 508
some of his sayings, 500, 501
summary of his more important achievements in surgery, 513
treatise on surgery not published in English until 1577, 518
Paris Medical School, 282
Parmenides, 73
Parrenin, Father, Jesuit missionary, 541
Pason (= Apollo), who invented the art of medicine, 18
Passavant, Dean of the Collège de St. Côme at Paris, 284
Passionarius, title of Gariopontus’ treatise, 247
Pathology, Fernel’s scheme of, 415
views held by Hippocrates, 86
Pathology, internal, 389
Patroclus dresses the wound of Eurypylus, 49
Paul, the Apostle, bitten by a poisonous snake on the Island of Melita, 29
Paulus Aegineta, 199, 227, 318
Pecquet, Jean, rediscovers thoracic duct (in a dog), 384
Pericardium, abscess in the, Avenzoar refers to its actual occurrence, 229
Periodeuts or ambulant physicians, 75
Persians, the ancient, medicine of, 25
took very little interest in surgery, 26
Peter the Great purchases Ruysch’s anatomical collection, 356
Petroncellus, a teacher of medicine at Salerno, 245
Peyer, Johann Conrad, 359
Pfolspeundt, Heinrich von, 458, 460
Pharmacist, early use of the term, 316
Pharmacology, earliest treatise on, published by Dioscorides in 77 A. D., 158
Pharmacopoeia, modern term for antidotarium, 319
Augsburg, compiled by Minderer, 407
modern, beginnings of, 547
of India, very rich, 33
Pharmacy, in its infancy, 315
first regularly established in the 8th century, 318
Pharmakon, term employed by Galen for a remedial drug, 316
Philinus of Cos, 111
Philosophers’ stone, 321
Philosophy, schools of, in Greece and its colonies, 72
Physicians, consultation of (Fig.), 457
honored publicly in ancient Greece, 98, 99, 100
more highly esteemed than surgeons in 14th century, 304
suffered martyrdom for their Christian faith, 180
Physiology, human, views held by Hippocrates, 86
Pietro d’Abano, 266
Pineau family, lithotomists, 549
Pini, anatomical draughtsman, 348, 392
Pitard, Jehan, Surgeon of Louis IX., 448, 530
Pitcairn, Archibald, 367
Plague at Athens, history of, by Thucydides, 96
Plague, the, avoidance of, by Galen, 164
Plants, medicinal virtues of, 157
Platearius, John and Matthew, teachers of medicine at Salerno, 245
Plato, 73, 78
views of, with regard to women physicians, 77
Platter, Felix, 336, 396, 455
early experiences at Montpellier, 332
Pleurisy, Boerhaave’s manner of treating it, 444
Pliny the Elder, 155
Pneuma, or breath, plays the most important rôle in the mechanism of life, 108
or vital spirit, 141
Pneumatism not popular with the physicians of Rome, 142
Pneumatists, the, 141
Podalic version, 535, 537
Podalirius, 47
Poisonous snakes, loss of life caused by the bites of, 64
Polybus, son-in-law of Hippocrates, 82
Pompeii, physicians’ houses disinterred at, 315
Pons Varolii, 350
Pores, system of, for conveyance of tissue juices, 122
Portal, Paul, 539
Poultices, too free use of, condemned, 467
Power, D’Arcy, 307
Practica chirurgiae of Roger, 254
Practica oculorum of Benevenutus Grapheus, 256
Practica of Bartholomaeus, 248
Practica of Cophon the Younger, 249
Practitioners, improper behavior of, in the sick room, 193
Praepositus, meaning of the term, 253
Praxagoras of Cos, 103
probably the first to distinguish the difference between arteries and veins, 103
Prayer formulae employed by the Babylonians as protective remedies, 13
Pregnant women, dietetics of, 199
Prehistoric period of science of medicine, 4
Pre-Homeric period of medicine in Greece, 46
Prescription writing first employed about A. D. 1400, 320
Printing, invention of, favored advance of science of medicine, 328
Priscianus, Theodorus, 192
Proksch, 543
Przymiot, title of early Polish treatise on syphilis, 479
Ptolemies, learning greatly prospered under their reign, 100
Ptolemy Euergetes, or Physcon, 116
Pulse, meaning of, according to Athenaeus, 142
Pulsific power of arteries (Galen), 381
Purkinje’s bone-corpuscles, 362
Puschmann, 70, 107, 196, 232, 257, 311, 365, 394
Pyaemia, Wuertz’s views regarding, 469
Pythagoras, 73, 74
medical doctrines propounded by, 147
Python, Aesculapius represented in the presence of a, 65
Q
Quintessences of Paracelsus, 405
Quintus, one of Galen’s teachers, 162
R
Rabelais, François, celebrated humorous writer, was a physician, 451
Rabisu, the demon who causes diseases of the skin, 13
Raphael’s celebrated painting showing Plato and Aristotle, 102
Rational system of medicine, beginnings of, in Greece, 67
Recipes, books of, take the place of physicians in Rome, 117
Red-hot cautery iron too freely used for arresting bleeding, 466
Refraction, researches of Alhazen in regard to, 233
Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum, 246
Arnold’s commentary on, 294
Relics, saintly, universal faith in their power to heal diseases, 241
Remedial agents, genuine, employed in Babylonia, 13
Remedies, household, Cato’s collection of, 123
Renaissance, influence of, upon progress of medicine in Western Europe, 259
Renan, Ernest, 229, 231
Renzi, de, on books written by physicians at Salerno, 246
Repercussion, 526
Respiration, physiology of, according to Erasistratus, 108
according to Aretaeus, 144
Rete Malpighi, 361
Rhazes, illustrious Persian physician, 219, 318
Rhinoplasty in Italy in the 15th century, 459
Rhodion, 533
Riolan, J., 360
Roesslin, Eucharius, 533
Roger’s Practica, the oldest treatise on surgery written in Italy during the Middle Ages, 254
Rokitansky, the famous Viennese pathologist, advice of, to those about to study medicine, 3
Roland of Parma, 254, 279
Roman physicians, of foreign birth, awarded rights of citizenship by Julius Caesar, 130
Romano Pane publishes first account of discovery of tobacco, 395
Rome, state of medicine at, after the death of Asclepiades, 129
Rosa anglica, title of treatise written by John of Gaddesden, 306
Rousset, François, 535
Royal Society of London, founding of, 363
Rudbeck, Olaus, 358, 385
Rufus of Ephesus, 145, 146
Ruysch, Friedrich, the anatomist, 356, 358
S
Sabour ben Sahl, 209
Sage femme, possible origin of the term, 247
Saint Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, 524
Saint Basil, founder of a hospital at Caesarea, 236
Saint Côme, Collège de, 490
Saint Cosmas and Saint Damian, Brotherhood of, 530
Saladin of Ascolo, author of first modern treatise on materia medica, 320
Saladin, Sultan of Egypt, 225
Salamanca, University of, 346
Salerno Medical School, 243, 244, 265
women teachers at, 245
Saliceto, William of, 277
Salmouïh ben Bayan, a distinguished pupil of the Djondisabour school, 210
Salvino degli Armati of Florence, reputed inventor of spectacles, 297
Sanctorius Sanctorinus, 368
Sandwith, Dr. F. M., concerning the most ancient surgical implements thus far discovered, 9
Sanguification, Galen’s theory of, 385
Sanitary science in the 15th century, 314
Sapienza, University of, at Rome, 391
Sarsaparilla, 395
Savonarola, Giovanni Michele, 313
Schielhans, nickname of Hans von Gerssdorff, 460
Schneider, Conrad Victor, 359
School of Salerno, title of poem, 250
Schools, significance of the term, 74
Scotus or Scottus, 262
Scribonius Largus, 155, 413
Sects in Medicine, 101, 147, 149
Septicaemia, Wuertz’s views regarding, 470, 471
Serapion the Elder, 210
Serapis or Osiris, 19
Serpent, significance of the, in the statues and votive tablets exposed to view in the Aesculapian temples, 62
Servetus, Michael, 375
on the circulation of the blood, 376
Shoulder, dislocation of, cured by Gabriel Bakhtichou, 207
Simon Januensis, 261
Sismondi, the historian, 116
Skull, fractures of, 286, 476
Slaves sold by Romans when they became old and feeble, 235
Sleep-walking, instance of, narrated by Alderotti, 273
Small-pox described by Herodotus, 142
earliest treatise upon, 220
Gaddesden’s successful treatment of, 306
prophylactic inoculation against, 43
Smith, Sir William, 103
Snake, poisonous, treatment of bite by, 110
Snakeroot, an antidote for poisoning by the bite of a snake, 7
Sobieski, King of Poland, purchases Ruysch’s second anatomical collection, 358
Social hygiene, the Mosaic laws relate particularly to, 26
Socrates, 73
Soporific sponges, 253
Soranus of Ephesus, 138, 139, 159
rational obstetric methods of, 139
Soul, spirit of the, 291
Soul, the, is the blood, according to Servetus, 376
Spain, medicine flourished in, during the 10th century, 226
Spanish surgeons of the 16th century, 484
Specialization in medicine, 114
Spectacles, use of, first mentioned by Gordonius (A. D. 1285), 297
Speculum, aural, employed by Jean de Vigo, 473
majus, of Vincent Beauvais, 270
vaginal, of Paulus Aegineta, 201
Spine, curvature of, 313
Spirit, the, 291, 374
disorders of, 141
of Mindererus, 407
Splenia, 526
Splints made with bundles of straw, 304
Sprengel, Kurt, 342
Springs, European, in 16th century, 323
Stahl, Georg Ernst, 431
doctrine of animism, 432
his “phlogiston,” 433
treatise on “theoria medica vera,” 432
Steno, Nicholas (Niels Stensen), 359
Stibium, 158
Stoics, the, 102
Stone in the bladder, cutting for, 494
Gaddesden’s peculiar method of treating, 306
method of operating kept a secret by lithotomists, 447
Strangulated hernia, Franco’s operation for, 492
Straton, a skilful gynaecologist, 115
Straw splints, for use in fractures, 304
Strictum and laxum, terms employed by the Methodists, 130
Boerhaave adopts the doctrine, 442
Styrus, one of Galen’s teachers, 162
Suggestion, power of, over the human mind, 241
Superstitious beliefs constitute one of the most extraordinary characteristics of the human race, 10
Surgeon, characteristics which he should possess, 285
Surgeons of the long robe, a name given to members of the Collège de St. Côme, 448
Surgery, considered a menial occupation during the Renaissance (Fig.), 306, 447
early, in Great Britain, 516, 523
strong prejudice against among French physicians of the 15th century, 300
systematic instruction in, first given at Montpellier in 1597, 448
Surgical operations in the age of primitive medicine, 8
Susruta, celebrated East Indian medical author, 31
Swammerdam, John, 356
Sydenham, Thomas, 418
a great sufferer from gout, 421
describes an “inflammation of the blood,” 423
experience with the great epidemic of the Plague, 421
on the nature of fever, 423
treatises published by, 419
Sylvius (Franz de le Boë), 367, 427
clinical instruction cultivated by him at Leyden, 428, 429
treatises published by him, 428
Sylvius, the anatomist, 340
Syphilis, 473, 542
poem relating to, 391
Syriac ulcer (known to-day as pharyngeal diphtheria), 144
Syringe, earliest reference to use of, to be found in Abulcasis’ treatise on surgery, 227
Syringotome, 313
Szandalani, Arabic name for pharmacists, 318
T
Tagliacotian operation, the so-called, 478, 480
Tagliacozzi, Gaspare, 478
Talismans, amulets, etc., as means of protection against evil spirits, 9, 13
Teissir, the, Avenzoar’s great medical work, 228, 230
Telesphorus, son of, Aesculapius, 50
Temple priests in ancient Egypt, 17
Temple sleep at the Asclepieia, 57
Temples, Aesculapian, their chief purpose, 51
Tents, practice of employing, in the treatment of wounds, condemned, 466
Tesrif, the, written by Abulcasis (= Alsaharavius), 227
Tetanus, traumatic, Lanfranchi’s treatment of, 285
Thaddeus Alderotti, 272
Thales, of Miletus, 72
Themison, founder of the sect of the Methodists, 130
the first to mention the employment of leaches, 133
Theodoric of Lucca, 276
Theodorus, a disciple of Athenaeus, 142
Thessalus, son of Hippocrates, 82, 133
Thessalus, of Tralles, in Asia Minor, a prominent Methodist, 133
Thierry de Héry, 499
Thigh, amputation of, probably performed in early part of Christian era, 470
fractures of, 304
Thirty Years’ War, the, 426
Thomas Aquinas, a believer in the art of the magician, 321
Thoracic duct, 384
Thot or Thoüt (Hermes), the god, author of the hermetic books, 18, 19
Thucydides, 96
Tiraboschi, 338, 378
Tobacco, 395
Toledo, Spain, richly stocked with manuscript treasures of Arabic literature, 261
Tolet, François, 550
Tolu, balsam of, 395
Torcular Herophili, 105
Torricella, 546
Tosorthos, 17
Touching, for the “King’s evil,” 527, 528
Tracheotomy performed by Asclepiades (90 B. C.), 124
revived by Antonio Beniveni in the 15th century, 498
Transfusion of blood, 408
Transmutation of baser metals into gold, 321
Trautmann, of Wittenberg, 535
Trephine, circular pattern of, 473
Trephining the skull a very ancient surgical operation, 9
Wuertz slow in resorting to the operation, 467
Trikka, Thessaly, 51
Trotula, a teacher of medicine at Salerno, 245
Tuberculosis, virus of, long-lived, according to Fracastoro, 390
Turquet de Mayerne, 547
Tydides, who smote Aeneas, 49
U
Ulcers, treatment of, according to the method of Thessalus, 135
Uroscopy eagerly adopted by charlatans in 16th century (Fig.), 412
strongly denounced by Scribonius, Botallo and others, 413
Utukku, the demon who causes diseases of the throat, 13
V
Vagbhata, a celebrated East Indian medical author, 31
Valerius Cordus, 318
Valves, discovery of, in the larger veins, 378
Van Helmont, 398
“archaeus influus” and “archaeus insitus,” 399
characteristic sayings, 400
remarkable remedies manufactured by him, 399
Van Swieten introduces clinical instruction at the University of Vienna, 431
Varolius, 349
Vein should be opened longitudinally in venesection, 286
Vena portae, 385
Venesection, Celsus’ description of technical details, 152
quantity of blood that may be withdrawn, 413
spot from which blood should preferably be taken, 411
Venous artery (pulmonary vein), 371
Venous blood, function of, 373
Versification employed in medical treatises, 251
Version, podalic, 535
Vesalius, 340, 342, 345, 347, 370, 374, 456
Vicq d’Azyr, 532
Victor III., Pope, 239
Vidus Vidius, 340
Vieussens, Raymond, 364
Villalobos, 542
Vincent of Beauvais, 270
encyclopaedia of, 263
Vindicianus, 192
Viper, cases of persons bitten by, 488, 507
Vis conservatrix et medicatrix naturae (Stahl), 432
Vital force, Stahl’s, 405
Vital spirit, Galen’s, 376
Vivisection of criminals utilized at Alexandria, Egypt, for scientific purposes, 107
Vizir Ali ben Issa founds a great hospital at Bagdad in A. D. 914, 219
Volcher Koyter, 349
W
Water, contaminated, purification of, by distillation, 305
of river Choaspes, ready boiled for use and stored in flagons of silver, carried by King Cyrus on his campaigns, 26
Wecker, Johann Jacob, 521
Weight-and-pulley treatment of thigh fractures, Guy de Chauliac’s, 304
Wharton, Thomas, 359, 546
William of Saliceto, 277
William the Conqueror a patient at Salerno, 245
Willis, Thomas, 360, 367, 546
Wine, Galen’s use of, in dressing wounds, 163
proper employment of, according to Asclepiades, 125
Thalassite, 126
Winter, of Andernach, 340
Wirsung, George, discovers outlet duct of human pancreas, 358
Wiseman, Richard, 524
Women instructors in medicine highly esteemed at Salerno, 246
Women physicians among the Arabs in Spain, during the 12th century, 232
Woodall, John, 522
Wounds, dry method of treating, 275, 285
too frequent probing of, condemned, 466
Wren, Sir Christopher, 408
Wuertz, Felix, 465
condemns universal employment of chemical caustics and the red-hot iron for arresting bleeding, 466
remarks on pyaemia, hospital gangrene and septicaemia, 469, 471
remarks on treatment of penetrating wounds of abdomen, 469
Wundaerzte, 369
X
Xenodochia, institutions for the care of slaves, 235
Xenophon, C. Stertinius, 54
Y
Yperman, Jehan, a distinguished Flemish physician of 14th century, 309
Z
Zend-Avesta, the, 25
Zeno, founder of the Stoic philosophy, 103
Zerbi, Gabriel, professional visit of, to Constantinople, cost him his life, 337
Zeuxis, organizer of a medical school at Laodicea, 111
Zirhach, 521
Zirbus, 521
Zopyrus classified drugs according to the effects which they produce, 111
Zosimos, of Panopolis, 321