INDEX

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, L, M, N, P, R, S, T, U, V, W.

‘Advance, The, of the Mind of Man’ (Turgot), 208 ‘Advantages, The, of Christianity’ (Turgot), 208 ‘Advice of a Proscribed Father, The’ (Condorcet), 291 Aine, Madame d’, 54, 123, 131, 132, 136 Alembert, Jean Lerond d’, 45, 47, 72, 124-5, 133, 136, 199, 213, 269, 271, 275; birth and parentage, 2-4; at Madame Rousseau’s, 4-6; education, 6-8; mathematical studies, 8-9; publishes ‘Treatise on Dynamics’ and ‘Theory of Winds,’ 10; death of his mother, 10; acquaintance with Diderot, 11; writes ‘Preface’ to Encyclopædia, 12-13; offered Presidency of Berlin Academy, 13-14; member of the French Academy, 14; visits Voltaire, 15; writes ‘Geneva,’ 15-16; retires from Encyclopædia, 16-17; publishes ‘Elements of Philosophy,’ 17; visits Berlin, 18; his attachment to Mlle. de Lespinasse, 18-23; their salon, 23-24; publishes ‘History of the Destruction of the Jesuits,’ 25; second visit to Voltaire, 25-26; made Perpetual Secretary of Academy, 26; illness and death of Mlle. de Lespinasse, 27-23; his unhappiness and death, 29-30; his work and character, 30-31 ‘Appeal to the French Citizens’ (Condorcet), 284-5 Argental, Comte d’, 113 Artois, Comte d’, 253, 262 ‘Banise’ (Grimm), 152 ‘Barber of Seville, The’ (Beaumarchais), 247-50, 261-2 Beaumarchais, Caron de, birth and early life, 236-7; first marriage, 238; at Court, 238-40; visits Spain, 240-1; produces ‘Eugénie,’ 241; second marriage, 241-2; the Goezman lawsuit and ‘Memoirs,’ 243-6; acts as secret agent, 246-7; produces ‘Barber of Seville,’ 247-50; edits Voltaire’s Works, 250; various employments, 251; advertises ‘Figaro,’ 252; produces it at Gennevilliers, 253-4; and at the Comédie, 254-60; imprisoned in St. Lazare, 261; sees ‘Barber of Seville’ at Trianon, 261-2; quarrels with Mirabeau, 263; third marriage, 263; his part in the Revolution, 263-6; produces ‘Guilty Mother,’ 266; death and character, 266-7 Beaumarchais, Madame (Mme. Francquet), 237-8 Beaumarchais, Madame (Mme. Lévêque), 241-2 Beaumarchais, Madame (Mlle. Willermaula), 263, 266 Beaumarchais, Mademoiselle Eugénie, 263, 266 Bergasse (lawyer), 263 Bernis, Cardinal de, 33, 269 Blache, Comte de la, 243, 244 ‘Blind, Letter on the’ (Diderot), 41, 42 Brienne, Loménie de, 208, 209, 210 Bueil, Comtesse de, 172, 173, 174 Buffon, Comte de, 127, 200 Cabanis, Doctor, 204, 295, 296 Catherine the Great, 18, 56-8, 158, 168-70, 171, 174 Charles Edward Stuart, Prince, 182-3 Châtelet, Madame du, 42, 180 Chaulnes, Duc de, 243 Choiseul, Duc de, 69, 70, 73, 83 ‘Christianity Unveiled’ (d’Holbach), 140-1 Cicé, Abbé de, 208, 209, 224 Clavijo, 240-1 ‘Clergy, The Mind of the’ (d’Holbach), 141 ‘Commentary on Horace’ (Galiani), 73, 94 ‘Commentary on Pascal’ (Condorcet), 272 Condorcet, Mademoiselle de, 277, 291-2, 296-7 Condorcet, Marquis de, 24, 25, 29, 30, 196, 199, 221-2; his position and birth, 268; education, 269-270; character, 270-1; visits Voltaire, 271-2; made Secretary of Academy of Sciences, 272-3; work with Turgot, 274; member of French Academy, 275; marriage, 275-7; as Women’s Rights champion, 277; as a politician, 278-9; at the trial of Louis XVI., 280-3; writes ‘Appeal’ and is proscribed, 284-6; in hiding, 286-292; writes ‘Progress of Human Mind,’ &c., 289-91; his wanderings, 292-5; arrest and death, 295; work and character, 297-8 Condorcet, Marquise de (Mlle. de Grouchy), 275-7, 285-6, 287-8, 289, 296-7 ‘Corn Trade, Dialogues on the’ (Galiani), 62, 68, 86-90, 226 ‘Corn Trade, Letters on the’ (Turgot), 226 ‘Counsels to a Young Man’ (Vauvenargues), 103, 111 Daubinière, Madame, 85, 93 Dazincourt (actor), 255, 261 Deffand, Madame du, 18-19, 195 Destouches, General, 3, 4, 6 ‘Destruction of the Jesuits, History of the’ (d’Alembert), 25, 133 Diderot, Angélique. See Vandeul, Mme. de Diderot, Denis, 11, 17, 30, 88, 125, 128, 130, 131, 138, 143, 163, 165, 168, 170, 191-2, 199, 202; education, 32-3; early life in Paris, 34-6; marriage, 37-8; episode of Mme. Puisieux, 39; writes ‘Essay on Merit and Virtue’ and ‘Philosophical Thoughts,’ 39; birth of his daughter, 40; writes ‘Letter on the Blind,’ 41; prisoner in Vincennes, 42-3; works at Encyclopædia, 43-8; miscellaneous labours, 49-51; episode of Mlle. Volland, 51; visits salons, 52-3; visits Grandval, 53-6; produces plays, 56; visits Catherine the Great, 56-8; sees Voltaire, 58-9; illness and death, 60-1; estimate of his work and character, 61 Diderot, Madame (Mlle. Anne Toinette Champion), 36-9, 40-1, 51, 60-1 ‘Dynamics, Treatise on’ (d’Alembert), 10 ‘Elements of Philosophy’ (d’Alembert), 17, 72 Encyclopædia, The, 11-13, 14, 15-17, 43-8, 56, 121, 133, 150, 213 ‘Épinay, Correspondence with Madame d’ (Galiani), 68 Épinay (Madame d’), 52-3, 79-80, 93, 125, 163-7, 172 ‘Eugénie’ (Beaumarchais), 241 ‘Existence’ (Turgot), 133, 213 ‘Fame and Pleasure, Discourses on’ (Vauvenargues), 103 ‘Father of the Family, The’ (Diderot), 56 Fel, Mademoiselle (opera dancer), 150-1, 166 ‘Figaro, The Marriage of’ (Beaumarchais), 252-60 Franklin, Benjamin, 129-30, 204 Frederick the Great, 10, 13-14, 17-18, 88, 144, 156, 158, 167-8, 202 Fréron, Élie (journalist), 88 Frise, or Frisen, Comte de, 153, 155 Galiani, Abbé, 125, 130, 135-6, 144, 148; his characteristics, 62-3; birth and education, 63-4; at the Academy of Naples, 64-5; literary work, 65; religion, 66; posts and pensions, 67-8; appointed Secretary in Paris, 68-9; his reception there, 70-1; his popularity, 71-3; as a conversationalist, 73-4; at the salons, 74-80; his wit, 81-2; his work, 82-3; visits London, 83-4; recalled to Naples, 84-6; publishes ‘Dialogues on Corn Trade,’ 86-7; its reception, 87-90; life at Naples, 90-3; friendship with Mme. d’Épinay, 93; illness and death, 94-5; his mission, 95 Galiani, Bernard, 63-4, 92 Galiani, Celestin, 63-4, 67 Garrick, David, 55, 56, 129 ‘Geneva’ (d’Alembert), 15-16, 47 Geoffrin, Madame, 52, 66, 74-5, 127-8 ‘Goezman Memoirs’ (Beaumarchais), 241, 243-6 ‘Good Sense’ (d’Holbach), 147 Graffigny, Madame de, 183-4, 211-12 Grimm, Melchior, 49, 52-3, 58, 71, 79, 88, 125, 130, 144-5; his love affair with Mlle. Fel, 150-1; birth and early life, 151-2; character, 152-4; life in Paris, 154-5; his ‘Literary Correspondence,’ 156-63; his attachment to Mme. d’Épinay, 163-6; visits Geneva, 166-7; and Frederick the Great, 167-8; and England, 168; and the Russian Court, 168-70; corresponds with Catherine the Great, 171; his conduct in the Revolution, 172-3; last years and death, 174-5; his mission, 175 ‘Guilty Mother, The’ (Beaumarchais), 264, 266 ‘Happiness’ (Helvétius), 180, 204 Helvétius, Claude Adrien, 91, 127, 212; his family and education, 176-8; life in Paris, 178-9; visits Voltaire, 180; relations with Montesquieu, 181; his charities, 182; assists Prince Charles Edward, 182-3; meets and marries Mlle. de Ligniville, 183-5; his life and good works at Voré, 185-92; his book ‘On the Mind,’ 192-4; effects of its publication, 195-9; his salon in Paris, 199-200; visits England, 201-2; and Frederick the Great, 202; his book ‘On Man,’ 202-3; declining years, 203; death, 204; his work and position, 204-5 Helvétius, Madame (Mlle. de Ligniville), 183-92, 197, 199-200, 203-4, 212 Holbach, Baron d’, 53, 55, 56, 76-7, 155; his position in the eighteenth century, 118; and among Voltaire’s friends, 119; early life, 120-1; marriage, 121; salon in the Rue Royale, 121-2; life and society at Grandval, 122-138; visit to England, 138-9; opinion of the English, 139-40; publishes ‘Christianity Unveiled,’ 140-1; and ‘The System of Nature,’ 141-4; its reception, 144-5; its philosophy, 145-6; publishes other books, 147; his last years and death, 148-9; his character in contrast to his book, 149 Holbach, Madame d’, 121, 123, 131, 136-7 Hope (Père Hoop), 123-4, 130 Houdetot, Madame d’, 125-6, 164-5 Hume, David, 55, 56, 83, 128, 182, 200, 201 ‘Imaginary Socrates, The’ (Galiani), 92 ‘Instincts and Habitual Tastes of Man, The’ (Galiani), 92 ‘Integral Calculus, Essay on’ (Condorcet), 269-70 ‘Introduction to the Knowledge of the Human Mind’ (Vauvenargues), 111 ‘Junius, Letter of, to William Pitt’ (Condorcet), 290-1 ‘Justice and Virtue, Letter on’ (Condorcet), 269 ‘Justification, The’ (Condorcet), 288, 289 La Harpe, Jean François de, 156, 264 Le Breton (publisher), 43, 48 Lespinasse, Mademoiselle de, 18-24, 27-28 ‘Literary Correspondence, The’ (Grimm and Diderot), 49, 53, 79, 150, 156-63, 170 Louis XV., 16-17, 69, 70, 83, 237, 239, 242, 246 Louis XVI., 224, 225, 226, 227, 228-9, 231-2, 233, 252-3, 260-1, 278, 280-3 Louis XVIII., 231 Malesherbes, 195, 231-2 ‘Man, On’ (Helvétius), 202-3, 204 Marie Antoinette, 225, 230-1, 232, 233, 245, 246, 253, 261-2, 274-5 Marmontel, Jean François, 112, 113, 127 Maurepas, Comte de, 224, 225, 226, 231 ‘Meditation on Faith’ (Vauvenargues), 103, 109, 111 Meister (Grimm’s helper), 163, 170 ‘Merit and Virtue, Essay on’ (Diderot), 39 ‘Mind, On the’ (Helvétius), 127, 193-9, 202-3, 204-5 Mirabeau, Gabriel Honoré, Comte de, 263 Mirabeau, Victor Riquetti, Marquis de, 97-8, 100-1 Molé (actor), 255 Molin, Doctor, 4, 11 ‘Money, Essay on’ (Galiani), 65, 67 Montesquieu, 181 Morellet, Abbé, 88-9, 125, 199-200, 208, 210 ‘Natural Son, The’ (Diderot), 56, 241 Necker (Jacques), 75-6, 227-8, 274 Necker (Madame), 52, 75-6 ‘Paper Money, Letter on’ (Turgot), 208 Paris-Duverney (financier), 240, 241, 243 ‘Philosophical Thoughts, The’ (Diderot), 39, 41 ‘Physical Degradation of the Royal Races, Essay on the’ (Condorcet), 291 ‘Polish Exile, Letter of a’ (Condorcet), 291 Pompadour, Madame de, 155, 178 Porée, Père, 177 ‘Portable Theology’ (d’Holbach), 141 ‘Preface, The’ (d’Alembert), 12, 13, 31, 45 ‘Priests Unmasked’ (d’Holbach), 141 ‘Progress of the Human Mind, History of the’ (Condorcet), 289-90, 291, 296 ‘Prophet, The Little, of Boehmischbroda’ (Grimm), 155 Puisieux, Madame, 39-40, 43 ‘Rameau’s Nephew’ (Diderot), 61 Raynal, Abbé, 127, 129, 151, 156, 157 ‘Reflections’ (Vauvenargues), 111 Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 16, 43, 47, 126-7, 128, 133, 151, 154, 164-6, 196, 199 Rousseau, Madame, 5-6 Saint-Lambert, Marquis de, 72, 126, 164-5 Sarret, 287, 292 Saxe-Gotha, Duchess of, 153, 156, 158, 167 ‘Seneca, Life of’ (Diderot), 53 ‘Social System, The’ (d’Holbach), 147 Sterne, Laurence, 55, 56, 85, 128 Suard, J. B., 156, 293-4 Suard, Madame, 293-4 ‘System of Nature, The’ (d’Holbach), 141-7, 149 ‘Tarare’ (Beaumarchais), 263 Tencin, Madame de, 3-4, 6, 10-11, 178 Tercier (press censor), 194, 197 Terrai, Abbé, 225 ‘Theory of Winds, Treatise on the’ (d’Alembert), 10 Theriot, 156 Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, 89-90, 125, 133, 136, 184, 195-6, 204, 273-4, 275; his character and work, 206-7; birth and education, 207-8; at the Sorbonne, 208-10; at Madame de Graffigny’s, 211-12; visits Voltaire, 213-14; as Intendant of Limoges, 214-24; Minister of Marine, 224-5; Controller-General, 225-32; his dismissal, 232-3; last years and death, 233-4; position among Voltaire’s friends, 235 ‘Turgot, Life of’ (Condorcet), 221-222, 275 ‘Universal Morality’ (d’Holbach), 147 Vandeul, Madame de (Angélique Diderot), 40-1, 57, 59, 60 Vaudreuil, Comte de, 253, 261 Vauvenargues, Luc de Clapiers, Marquis de, character of his writing, 96; birth and education, 97-8; as a soldier, 98-100; campaign in Bohemia, 101-2; invalided, 103-4; friendship with Voltaire, 104-7; settles in Paris, 107-8; his philosophy, 108-11; his book, 111-13; friends in Paris, 113-14; illness and death, 115-17 Vergniaud, Pierre, 221, 288 Vernet, Madame, 286, 287, 289, 291, 292, 294 Volland, Mademoiselle, 51, 52, 54, 59 ‘Volland, Letters to Mademoiselle’ (Diderot), 54, 61, 130, 138 Voltaire, Arouet de, 1, 17, 62, 96-7, 225-6, 233, 250, 260; visited by d’Alembert, 15, 25-6; friendship with Diderot, 41-2 55, 58-9; opinion of Galiani’s ‘Dialogues,’ 87; friendship with Vauvenargues, 104-7, 113-14; opinion of Vauvenargues’ ‘Maxims,’ 112-13; of d’Holbach’s ‘System of Nature,’ 144, 146; and of Grimm’s ‘Little Prophet,’ 155; visited by Grimm and Mme. d’Épinay, 166; friendship with Helvétius, 179-80; opinion of his book ‘On the Mind,’ 196, 198-9; visited by Turgot, 213-214, 234; opinion of Beaumarchais, 242; and of the ‘Goezman Memoirs,’ 245; visited by Condorcet, 271-2 Walpole, Horace, 129, 135 ‘Wealth, Reflections on the Reformation and Distribution of’ (Turgot), 222 Wilkes, John, 55, 56, 129, 247

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