Part 3 / Book 4 — INDEX

aberration of light, 315, 496 Abraham, 311, 490-1, 505-7, 509, 515-6 absolute motion, 107 orientation, 83 space, 85, 93, 246, 257, 353 acceleration, 94, 98, 486, 509 accidental constant, 112 errors, 171, 402 accommodation of the eyes, 67-8 action at a distance, 137 addition, 34 aim of mathematics, 280 alchemists, 11 Alfaro, 543 algebra, 379 analogy, 220 analysis, 218-9, 279 analysis situs, 53, 239, 381 analyst, 210, 221 ancestral experience, 91 Andrade, 93, 104, 228 Andrews, 153 angle sum of triangle, 58 Anglo-Saxons, 3 antinomies, 449, 457, 477 Arago, 540-1 Aristotle, 205, 292, 460 arithmetic, 34, 379, 441, 463 associativity, 35 assumptions, 451, 453 astronomy, 81, 289, 315, 512 Atwood, 446 axiom, 60, 63, 65, 215 Bacon, 128 Bartholi, 503 Bassot, 542 beauty, 349, 368 Becquerel, 312 Beltrami, 56, 58 Bergson, 321 Berkeley, 4 Berthaut, 542 Bertrand, 156, 190, 211, 395 Betti, 239 Biot, 540 bodies, solid, 72 Boltzmann, 304 Bolyai, 56, 201, 203 Borel, 482 Bouguer, 537, 542 Bourgeois, 543 Boutroux, 390, 464 Bradley, 496 Briot, 298 Brownian movement, 152, 410 Bucherer, 507 Burali-Forti, 457-9, 477, 481-2 Caen, 387-8 Calinon, 228 canal rays, 491-2 canals, semicircular, 276 Cantor, 11, 448-9, 457, 459, 477 Cantorism, 381, 382, 480, 484 capillarity, 298 Carlyle, 128 Carnot's principle, 143, 151, 300, 303-5, 399 Cassini, 537 cathode rays, 487-92 cells, 217 center of gravity, 103 central forces, 297 Chaldeans, 290 chance, 395, 408 change of position, 70 state, 70 chemistry of the stars, 295 circle-squarers, 11 Clairaut, 537-8 Clausius, 119, 123, 143 color sensation, 252 Columbus, 228 commutativity, 35-6 compensation, 72 complete induction, 40 Comte, 294 Condorcet, 411 contingence, 340 continuity, 173 continuum, 43 amorphous, 238 mathematical, 46 physical, 46, 240 tridimensional, 240 convention, 50, 93, 106, 125, 173, 208, 317, 440, 451 convergence, 67-8 coordinates, 244 Copernicus, 109, 291, 354 Coulomb, 143, 516 Couturat, 450, 453, 456, 460, 462-3, 467, 472-6 creation, mathematical, 383 creed, 1 Crémieu, 168-9, 490 crisis, 303 Crookes, 195, 488, 527-8 crude fact, 326, 330 Curie, 312-3, 318 current, 186 curvature, 58-9 curve, 213, 346 curves without tangents, 51 cut, 52, 256 cyclones, 353 d'Alembert, 538 Darwin, 518-9 De Cyon, 276, 427 Dedekind, 44-5 Defforges, 542 definitions, 430, 453 deformation, 73, 415 Delage, 277 Delambre, 539 Delbeuf, 414 Descartes, 127 determinism, 123, 340 dictionary, 59 didymium, 333 dilatation, 76 dimensions, 53, 68, 78, 241, 256, 426 direction, 69 Dirichlet, 213 dispersion, 141 displacement, 73, 77, 247, 256 distance, 59, 292 distributivity, 36 Du Bois-Reymond, 50 earth, rotation of, 326, 353 eclipse, 326 electricity, 174 electrified bodies, 117 electrodynamic attraction, 308 induction, 188 mass, 311 electrodynamics, 184, 282 electromagnetic theory of light, 301 electrons, 316, 492-4, 505-8, 510, 512-4 elephant, 217, 436 ellipse, 215 Emerson, 203 empiricism, 86, 271 Epimenides, 478-9 equation of Laplace, 283 Erdély, 203 errors, accidental, 171, 402 law of, 119 systematic, 171, 402 theory of, 402, 406 ether, 145, 351 ethics, 205 Euclid, 62, 86, 202-3, 213 Euclidean geometry, 65, 235-6, 337 Euclid's postulate, 83, 91, 124, 353, 443, 453, 468, 470-1 experience, 90-1 experiment, 127, 317, 336, 446 fact, crude, 326, 330 in the rough, 327 scientific, 326 facts, 362, 371 Fahrenheit, 238 Faraday, 150, 192 Faye, 536 Fechner, 46, 52 Fehr, 383 finite, 57 Fitzgerald, 415-6, 500-1, 505 Fizeau, 146, 149, 309, 498, 504 Flammarion, 400, 406-7 flattening of the earth, 353 force, 72, 98, 444 direction of, 445 -flow, 284 forces, central, 297 equivalence of, 445 magnitude of, 445 Foucault's pendulum, 85, 109, 353 four dimensions, 78 Fourier, 298-9 Fourier's problem, 317 series, 286 Franklin, 513-4 Fresnel, 132, 140, 153, 174, 176, 181, 351, 498 Fuchsian, 387-8 function, 213 continuous, 218, 288 Galileo, 97, 331, 353-4 gaseous pressure, 141 gases, theory of, 400, 405, 523 Gauss, 384-5, 406 Gay-Lussac, 157 generalize, 342 geodesy, 535 geometer, 83, 210, 438 geometric space, 66 geometry, 72, 81, 125, 207, 380, 428, 442, 467 Euclidean, 65, 93 fourth, 62 non-Euclidean, 55 projective, 201 qualitative, 238 rational, 5, 467 Riemann's, 57 spheric, 59 Gibbs, 304 Goldstein, 492 Gouy, 152, 305, 410 gravitation, 512 Greeks, 93, 368 Hadamard, 459 Halsted, 3, 203, 464, 467 Hamilton, 115 helium, 294 Helmholtz, 56, 115, 118, 141, 190, 196 Hercules, 449 Hermite, 211, 220, 222, 285 Herschel, 528 Hertz, 102, 145, 194-5, 427, 488, 498, 502, 504, 510 Hertzian oscillator, 309, 317 Hilbert, 5, 11, 203, 433, 450-1, 464-8, 471, 475-7, 484 Himstedt, 195 Hipparchus, 291 homogeneity, 74, 423 homogeneous, 67 hydrodynamics, 284 hyperbola, 215 hypotheses, 6, 15, 127, 133 hysteresis, 151 identity of spaces, 268 of two points, 259 illusions, optical, 202 incommensurable numbers, 44 induction, complete, 40, 452-3, 467-8 electromagnetic, 188 mathematical, 40, 220 principle of, 481 inertia, 93, 486, 489, 507 infinite, 448 infinitesimals, 50 inquisitor, 331 integration, 139 interpolation, 131 intuition, 210, 213, 215 invariant, 333 Ionians, 127 ions, 152 irrational number, 44 irreversible phenomena, 151 isotropic, 67 Japanese mice, 277, 427 Jevons, 451 John Lackland, 128 Jules Verne, 111, 536 Jupiter, 131, 157, 231, 289 Kant, 16, 64, 202-3, 450-1, 471 Kauffman, 311, 490-1, 495, 506-7, 522, 545 Kazan, 203 Kelvin, 145, 523-4, 526-7 Kepler, 120, 133, 153, 282, 291-2 Kepler's laws, 136, 516 kinematics, 337 kinetic energy, 116 theory of gases, 141 Kirchhoff, 98-9, 103-5 Klein, 60, 211, 287 knowledge, 201 König, 144, 477 Kovalevski, 212, 286 Kronecker, 44 Lacombe, 543 La Condamine, 535, 537-8, 542-3 Lagrange, 98, 151, 179 Laisant, 383 Lallamand, 543 Langevin, 509 Laplace, 298, 398, 514-5, 518, 522, 538 Laplace's equation, 283, 287 Larmor, 145, 150 Lavoisier's principle, 301, 310, 312 law, 207, 291, 395 Leibnitz, 32, 450, 471 Le Roy, 28, 321-6, 332, 335, 337, 347-8, 354, 468 Lesage, 517-21 Liard, 440 Lie, 62-3, 212 light sensations, 252 theory of, 351 velocity of, 232, 312 Lindemann, 508 line, 203, 243 linkages, 144 Lippmann, 196 Lobachevski, 29, 56, 60, 62, 83, 86, 203 Lobachevski's space, 239 local time, 306-7, 499 logic, 214, 435, 448, 460-2, 464 logistic, 457, 472-4 logisticians, 472 Lorentz, 147, 149, 196-7, 306, 308, 311, 315, 415-6, 492, 498-502, 504-9, 512, 514-6, 521 Lotze, 264 luck, 399 Lumen, 407-8 MacCullagh, 150 Mach, 375 Mach-Delage, 276 magnetism, 149 magnitude, 49 Mariotte's law, 120, 132, 157, 342, 524 Maros, 203 mass, 98, 312, 446, 486, 489, 494, 515 mathematical analysis, 218 continuum, 46 creation, 383 induction, 40, 220 physics, 136, 297, 319 mathematics, 369, 448 matter, 492 Maupertuis, 535, 537-8 Maurain, 543 Maxwell, 140, 152, 175, 177, 181, 193, 282-3, 298, 301, 304-5, 351, 503, 524-5 Maxwell-Bartholi, 309, 503-4, 519, 521 Mayer, 119, 123, 300, 312, 318 measurement, 49 Méchain, 539-40 mechanical explanation, 177 mass, 312 mechanics, 92, 444, 486, 496, 512 anthropomorphic, 103 celestial, 279 statistical, 304 Méray, 211 metaphysician, 221 meteorology, 398 mice, 277 Michelson, 306, 309, 311, 316, 498, 500-1 milky way, 523-30 Mill, Stuart, 60-1, 453-4 Monist, 4, 89, 464 moons of Jupiter, 233 Morley, 309 motion of liquids, 283 of moon, 28 of planets, 341 relative, 107, 487 without deformation, 236 multiplication, 36 muscular sensations, 69 Nagaoka, 317 nature, 127 navigation, 289 neodymium, 333 neomonics, 283 Neumann, 181 Newton, 85, 96, 98, 109, 153, 291, 370, 486, 516, 536, 538 Newton's argument, 108, 334, 343 law, 111, 118, 132, 136, 149, 157, 233, 282, 292, 512, 514-5, 518, 525 principle, 146, 300, 308-9, 312 no-class theory, 478 nominalism, 28, 125, 321, 333, 335 non-Euclidean geometry, 55, 59, 388 language, 127 space, 55, 235, 237 straight, 236, 470 world, 75 number, 31 big, 88 imaginary, 283 incommensurable, 44 transfinite, 448-9 whole, 44, 469 objectivity, 209, 347, 349, 408 optical illusions, 202 optics, 174, 496 orbit of Saturn, 341 order, 385 orientation, 83 osmotic, 141 Padoa, 463 Panthéon, 414 parallax, 470 parallels, 56, 443 Paris time, 233 parry, 419-22, 427 partition, 45 pasigraphy, 456-7 Pasteur, 128 Peano, 450, 456-9, 463, 472 Pender, 490 pendulum, 224 Perrier, 541 Perrin, 195 phosphorus, 333, 468, 470-1 physical continuum, 46 physics, 127, 140, 144, 279, 297 physics of central forces, 297 of the principles, 299 Pieri, 11, 203 Plato, 292 Poincaré, 473 point, 89, 244 Poncelet, 215 postulates, 382 potential energy, 116 praseodymium, 333 principle, 125, 299 Carnot's, 143, 151, 300, 303-5, 399 Clausius', 119, 123, 143 Hamilton's, 115 Lavoisier's, 300, 310 Mayer's, 119, 121, 123, 300, 312, 318 Newton's, 146, 300, 308-9, 312 of action and reaction, 300, 487, 502 of conservation of energy, 300 of degradation of energy, 300 of inertia, 93, 486, 507 of least action, 118, 300 of relativity, 300, 305, 498, 505 Prony, 445 psychologist, 383 Ptolemy, 110, 291, 353-4 Pythagoras, 292 quadrature of the circle, 161 qualitative geometry, 238 space, 207 time, 224 quaternions, 282 radiometer, 503 radium, 312, 318, 486-7 Rados, 201 Ramsay, 313 rational geometry, 5, 467 reaction, 502 reality, 217, 340, 349 Réaumur, 238 recurrence, 37 Regnault, 170 relativity, 83, 305, 417, 423, 498, 505 Richard, 477-8, 480-1 Riemann, 56, 62, 145, 212, 239, 243, 381, 432 surface, 211, 287 Roemer, 233 Röntgen, 511, 520 rotation of earth, 225, 331, 353 roulette, 403 Rowland, 194-7, 305, 489 Royce, 202 Russell, 201, 450, 460-2, 464-7, 471-4, 477-82, 484-5 St. Louis exposition, 208, 320 Sarcey, 442 Saturn, 231, 317 Schiller, 202 Schliemann, 19 science, 205, 321, 323, 340, 354 Science and Hypothesis, 205-7, 220, 240, 246-7, 319, 353, 452 semicircular canals, 276 series, development in, 287 Fourier's, 286 Sirius, 226, 229 solid bodies, 72 space, 55, 66, 89, 235, 256 absolute, 85, 93 amorphous, 417 Bolyai, 56 Euclidean, 65 geometric, 66 Lobachevski's, 239 motor, 69 non-Euclidean, 55, 235, 237 of four dimensions, 78 perceptual, 66, 69 tactile, 68, 264 visual, 67, 252 spectra, 316 spectroscope, 294 Spencer, 9 sponge, 219 Stallo, 10 stars, 292 statistical mechanics, 304 straight, 62, 82, 236, 433, 450, 470 Stratonoff, 531 surfaces, 58 systematic errors, 171 tactile space, 68, 264 Tait, 98 tangent, 51 Tannery, 43 teaching, 430, 437 thermodynamics, 115, 119 Thomson, 98, 488 thread, 104 time, 223 equality, 225 local, 306, 307 measure of, 223-4 Tisserand, 515-6 Tolstoi, 354, 362, 368 Tommasina, 519 Transylvania, 203 triangle, 58 angle sum of, 58 truth, 205 Tycho Brahe, 133, 153, 228 unity of nature, 130 universal invariant, 333 Uriel, 203 van der Waals, 153 Vauban, 210 Veblen, 203 velocity of light, 232, 312 Venus of Milo, 201 verification, 33 Virchow, 21 visual impressions, 252 space, 67, 252 Volga, 203 Voltaire, 537-8 Weber, 117, 515-6 Weierstrass, 11, 212, 432 Whitehead, 472, 481-2 whole numbers, 44 Wiechert, 145, 488 x-rays, 152, 511, 520 Zeeman effect, 152, 196, 317, 494 Zeno, 382 Zermelo, 477, 482-3 zigzag theory, 478 zodiac, 398, 404