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The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological Study

INDEX[317]

Reading edition

INDEX[317]

Abduction, considered as a crime, 38, 39, 41, 55

Adoption, alternative for infanticide, 247

Adultery, punishment of, 92-97, 99, 103, 124

Affection:

Between husband and wife, 68, 70-74, 82-84, 307

Parental, 191-197, 238-257, 269-272, 299

Aggregation, social, its influences, 132-134

Alatunja:

Head of local group, 143

Position hereditary among the Arunta, 225-226

Alcheringa ancestors, reincarnation belief, 214, 215, 218, 221

Allotment of females, its consequences, 60.

See also Infant Betrothal

Altjira, term explained, 215

Ancestors, reincarnation beliefs discussed, 212-233

Angas, G. F., on—marriage customs, 261;

maternal love, 239;

mode of living, 138;

relations between husband and wife, 70;

women's work, 276

Animism, fatherhood as determined by animistic ideas, 227-229

Anjea, supernatural being, 228

Annihilation, aboriginal belief in, asserted, 215-216

Anula, tribe:

Marriage customs, 42, 51

Reincarnation and kinship ideas, 220

Aralkililima ceremony, 85

Arunta nation:

Camping rules, 265

Ceremonial licence, 106

Division of labour, 278

Hereditary position of Alatunja, 225-226

Infanticide and motive for, 236

Marriage customs, 41-42

Mourning ceremonies, 85-86

Procreation and reincarnation beliefs, 209, 212, 216, 220-221

Relations of husband and wife,72

Treatment of children, 244-245

Tribal government, 13

Atninga, avenging party, 13

Authority:

Marital, 67, 68-74, 76, 77-79, 302

Parental, 254-256

See also Law

Avebury, Lord, on primitive law, 10

Bachelors' camp, 164, 262-269

Bahumul, form of betrothal, 40

Bangerang tribe:

Camping rules, 263

Marriage customs, 37, 258, 260

Mode of living, 137, 154, 155, 156, 159

Relations between husband and wife, 69

Treatment of children, 238-239, 248-249

Banks Islanders, determination of paternity, 180

Barrington, George, on marriage customs, 40;

on mode of living, 162

Bates, Mrs. D. M., on—infanticide, 236;

procreation beliefs, 227;

sexual aspect of marriage, 99;

tribal divisions and ownership of land, 147-148

Bennett, G., on—infanticide, 235;

treatment of children, 241

Betrothal:

Evidence in favour of a ceremony, 52-53, 61-62

Individual appropriation affirmed by, 296

Legal aspect, 57, 60

Prevalence of custom, 48, 66, 306

Statements of authorities, 36-48

Beveridge,[318] P., on—mode of living, 161;

sexual relations, 93

Bidwelli tribe, no initiation ceremonies, 262

Binbinga tribe:

Marriage customs, 42, 43, 50, 51

Reincarnation and kinship ideas, 220

Birth. See Procreation

Blood relationship. See Consanguinity

Bonney, T., on—parental affection, 270;

relations between husband and wife, 70

Boundaries, tribal, 136-157

Brother and sister, relations between, 272-273, 309

Browne, J., on sexual division of labour, 281

Buckley, William, treatment by the natives, 222, 271

Bulmer, J., on marriage customs, 36

Burial ceremonies:

Description of and deductions from, 84-88

Duties and behaviour of relatives, 271-272, 308

Cameron, H. L. P., on sexual aspect of marriage, 95

Campbell, Major, on tribal divisions, 146

Camps:

Bachelor, statements and remarks, 164, 262-269

Customs regulating, 158-167, 298

Unmarried females, 104, 266

Capture, marriage by, 40, 41, 53-55, 58

Celibacy, female, 104, 266

Ceremonies:

Betrothal, individual appropriation affirmed by, 296;

legal aspect of, 57, 60;

statements of authorities and deductions from, 37, 38, 42, 43-44, 48-50, 52-53, 61-62, 66, 306

Initiation, age of commencement and duration, 259, 262-269;

education of boys begun at, 256-257;

sexual promiscuity in connection with, 97-99, 104, 105-106, 129

Licence practised at, 105-107, 123

Marriage, a breaking of the taboo, 305;

ideas embodied in, 61, 307;

individual appropriation affirmed by, 296;

statements of authors and deductions from, 42-44, 52-53, 61-62, 306-307

Mourning and burial, description of, and their meaning, 84-88, 271-272, 308;

proof of strength of marriage tie, 296;

scars self-inflicted by women, 72

Chastity, how regarded, 104-105, 125, 178

Chauncy, Ph., on treatment of children, 246

Chepara tribe:

Communism in food, 284

Mourning customs, 271

Children. See Parent and child

Choi, term explained, 145

Class taboo, theory of origin, 288-289

Collective feelings, 191-192, 197-198

Collective ideas, 192-198

Collective mind, explanation of term, 175, 308-309

Collins, D., on—authority of husbands, 71;

infanticide, 236;

land ownership, 141;

mode of living, 161-162

Communism:

Food, 283-286, 289-290, 300, 309

In mode of living, instances, 160

Suckling and rearing children, remarks on, 234, 236-237

Consanguinity:

Absence (in the sociological sense) of tie in primitive societies, 179-182, 209, 217, 232, 309

Analysis of concepts of, 176-185, 204-207

Claim to kinship on basis of, in certain tribes, 231

Definition, 182

Coombangree tribe, tribal divisions, 142-143

Corroborees, licence at, 106-107

Cotertie, marriage custom, 46

Councils, tribal, authority exercised by, 12-13

Couvade custom, 183-184, 309;

similar customs in Australia, 225, 226

Crawley, on religious side of human relations, 305-309

Curr,[319] E. M., on—camping rules, 263;

economics of family life, 275-276;

kinship, 3, 5;

marriage customs, 4, 258, 259;

mode of living, 137-138, 159-160;

parental affection, 269;

relations between husband and wife, 69, 82;

sexual aspect of marriage, 92-93;

treatment of children, 238-239

Dargun, Prof. L., on kinship, 188-189

Dawson, J., on—camping rules, 264;

communism in food, 284;

economics of family life, 275;

relations between husband and wife, 69-70, 78;

sexual aspect of marriage, 93

Dawson, R., on—mode of living, 160, 163;

parental affection, 195, 269;

relations between husband and wife, 72;

treatment of children, 242

Defloration of girls at initiation ceremonies, 42-43, 98, 104, 105-106, 129

Dieri tribe:

Chiefs, 12

Ignorance of physiological fatherhood inferred, 128

Infanticide and motive for, 236

Marriage customs, 41, 261

Mode of living, 154, 156

Mourning ceremonies, 88

Parental affection, 195-196

Pinya party of, 13

Pirrauru custom, 108-109, 117-118

Sexual aspect of marriage, 96, 105

Treatment of children, 238

Tribal divisions, 143

Division of labour. See under Labour

Divorce, mention of, 62, 64-66, 69, 78, 307

Durkheim, Émile, on—importance of social regulations, 300-301;

kinship, 204;

primitive law, 10;

sexual division of labour, 289

Dwellings, statements and deductions from, 158-167

Economics of family life, 274-291, 299-300

Education:

At bachelor camps, 263-264, 267

Initiation the beginning of, 256-257

Parental, discussed, 241, 242-243, 245, 246, 256-257

Elopement:

Individual appropriation affirmed by, 295

Punishment for, 36-46, 55-58, 66, 92, 103, 295

Sexual love denoted by, 83

Statements of authors and deductions from, 36, 41-47, 55-58, 66

Emotional side of kinship. See Affection

Euahlayi tribe:

Authority of grandparents, 270

Camping rules, 265

Communism in food, 285

Marriage customs, 40, 61, 261

Sexual aspect of marriage, 95-96, 102, 103

Treatment of wives, 72

Exchange, mode of obtaining wives:

Effect on treatment of wives, 81-82

Form of marriage by purchase, 50-52, 58-59

Individual appropriation affirmed by, 296

Prevalence of custom, 48-49

Statements of authors, 36-38, 41-44, 47

Eyre, E. J., on—marriage customs, 261;

mode of living, 139, 160-161;

relations between husband and wife, 70

Family:

Analysis of family life a necessity, 6-9, 206

Customs regulating social life, 158-167

Economic facts connected with, 274-291

Evidence, method of dealing with, 17-33

Husband and wife, 67-88

Importance in marriage contracts, 49-50, 57

Individual appropriation proved, 295-304

Kinship, discussion of, 168-233

Legal aspect, 300-302

Mode[320] of living, 132-167

Mode of obtaining wives, 33-66

Parents and children, 234-273

Scope of work and difficulties, 1-17, 292-294

Sexual aspect of marriage, 89-131

Social units discussed, 132-135, 136-167

Fatherhood. See Paternity

Fire-sticks, carrying of, by women, 275, 276, 278, 279

Fison, L., on—kinship, 203;

marriage, 3

Folk-lore, kinship ideas suggested by, 207-233

Food:

Acceptance by a woman from a man belief, 229-230

Bachelor camp rules, 263, 267

Communism in, 283-286, 289-290, 309

Customs regulating the taking of meals, 159, 163-164, 166

Distribution among the family, 288-289

Division of labour in providing, 275-290

Taboos, 15, 279

Forrest, John, on—marriage customs, 44-45;

sexual division of labour, 280

Fraser, Dr. John, on—mode of living, 142;

parental affection, 270;

relations between brothers, 272;

relations between husband and wife, 72;

sexual division of labour, 277-278;

treatment of children, 242-243

Frazer, Prof. J. G., on—kinship, 189-190;

procreation beliefs, 226;

social life of the aborigines, 156;

totemic conception, 211

Frodsham, Dr., on procreation beliefs, 226

Game, statements on division of, 285-286

Gason, S., on—infanticide, 236;

Pirrauru custom, 117-118;

relation between brother and sister, 272;

treatment of children, 243

Geawe Gal tribe:

Marriage customs, 39, 261

Sexual aspect of marriage, 95

Gennep, A. van, on folk-lore, 208;

on kinship, 204

Giddings, F. H., on mode of living, 132-133

Gifts at marriage, 50-52

Gillen, F. See Spencer, Baldwin, and Gillen

Gnanji tribe:

Marriage customs, 43

Reincarnation beliefs, 218-219

Gomme, Sir Laurence, on kinship, 182, 202, 205-206

Gournditch Mara tribe:

Chiefs, 12

Communism in food, 284

Marriage customs, 36

Mode of living, 159

Government, tribal:

Existence of, 11-17

Intervention between husband and wife, 79

Marriage contracts supervised by, 57-58

Pirrauru relation authorised by, 110

Grey, Sir G., on—camping rules, 266;

marriage customs, 64, 65;

mode of living, 164;

relation between brother and sister, 273;

sexual aspect of marriage, 99;

treatment of children, 249;

tribal divisions and ownership of land, 146-147

Gribble, Rev. J. B., on communism in food,285

Grosse, E., criticism of Howitt's statements, 4

Group marriage:

Existence in Australia discussed, 30, 89, 113-115

Relation of the Pirrauru custom to, 108-123, 308

Hartland, E. S., on kinship, 201-202;

on paternity, 181, 208

Headmen, authority exercised by, 12-13

Henderson, John, on mode of living, 162

Hereditary positions, 225-226

Hodgkinson, Cl., on relations between husband and wife, 72;

on tribal divisions, 142

Hodgson, C. P., on relations between husband and wife, 71

Howitt, A. W., on—economic side of family life, 275;

group marriage, 4-5, 30, 109, 113-114,[321] 121;

kinship, 1-2, 203;

marriage customs, 261, 262-263;

mode of living, 136-137;

parental affection, 195;

Pirrauru custom, 108-112, 117, 120;

relations between husband and wife, 68, 81;

sexual relations, 92, 101;

treatment of children, 238, 241

Husband and wife:

Affection between, existence of, 82-84

Authority of husband, 76, 77-79, 302

Bond created by affection for children, 253-254, 299

Division of labour, 274-291

Individual relationship between, proved, 295-298

Mourning and burial ceremonies and their meaning, 84-88

Obligations of husband, 62-65

Parental aspect. See Parent and child

Sexual aspect of marriage, 89-131

Statements of authors on relations between, 67-76

Treatment of wife, 76, 79-84

See also Wives and Women

Huts. See Dwellings

Iliaura tribes, ceremonial licence, 106

Illapurinja party, 13

Infant betrothal:

Legal aspect, 57, 60

Prevalence of custom, 48, 66

Statements of authorities, 37-40, 44-47

Infanticide:

Adoption of child an exceptional alternative, 247

Reasons assigned for, 216, 235-236

Inheritance, instances of, and discussion on, 136, 137, 290-291, 301

Initiation ceremonies:

Age of commencement and duration, 259, 262-269

Beginning of education of boys, 256-257

Girls, of. See Defloration of Girls

Sexual promiscuity at, 97-99, 104, 105-106, 129

Jajaurung tribe, marriage customs, 38

Jealousy, sexual:

Existence discussed, 92-100, 102, 124-131, 297-298

Isolation of the family caused by, 159, 163, 164

Kabi tribe:

Infanticide and motive for, 236

Marriage customs, 262

Relations of husband and wife, 73

Sexual aspect of marriage, 98

Treatment of children, 245

Tribal divisions and mode of living, 144, 154, 155, 163

Kafirs, ideas on procreation, 180

Kaitish tribe:

Ceremonial licence, 106

Mourning ceremonies, 86

Reincarnation belief, 216

Kamilaroi tribe, sexual aspect of marriage, 95, 103

Karamundi tribes, communism in food, 284

Kinship:

Aboriginal collective ideas, 171, 183, 207-233, 309

Affection of parents, 191-197

Contradictions in authorities, 1-7

Definition aimed at, 8

Legal aspect, 185-191

Meaning generally attached to term, 170-178

Organisations creating group relationship, not dealt with, 303

Protection of wives by their relatives, 78, 79

Relatives' part in mourning ceremonies, 88

Social factors, 170, 308

Sociologists' application of concept, 200-206

Theoretical analysis, 168-207

Kohler, J., on primitive law, 10

Kühn, Rev. J., on customs of Turra tribe, 264

Kuinmurbura tribe, marriage customs, 43, 52

Kulin tribe:

Chiefs, 12

Procreation ideas, 231

Kurdaitcha party, 13

Kurnai tribe:

Authority of grandparents, 270

Camping rules, 262-263

Communism[322] in food, 283-284

Economics of family life, 275

Magic and its effect on sexual relations, 129

Marriage customs, 36, 47, 51, 55, 56, 258

Mode of living, 136, 154, 155, 158-159, 162

Relations between husband and wife, 68

Sexual aspect of marriage, 92, 101, 103, 105

Treatment of children by their parents, 238

Labour, sexual division of, 274-290, 299

Land ownership:

Conclusions from, 300

Form of, 150-157

Inheritance discussed, 290-291

Statements of authorities, 135, 136-149

Use of term defined, 135

Lang, Andrew, on kinship, 3, 7

Lang, G. S., on treatment of children, 242

Lang, J. D., on sexual aspect of marriage, 98

Larrekiya tribe, procreation ideas, 230

Law, primitive:

Authority of husband over his wife, 76-79, 297, 302

Definition of concept, 9-17

Family governed by social rules, 300-301

Marriage and its social sanction, 35-36, 56-66, 307

Paternal authority discussed, 185-191, 254-256

Leonhardi, Frhr. von, on folk-lore, 208, 212-213

Levirate, prevalence of, and conclusions drawn from, 38, 46, 49, 63-64, 104, 307

Lévy-Bruhl, M., on folk-lore, 214

Licence, sexual. See under Sexual Life

Local group:

Description as a tribal division, 143-144

Land ownership, 136-157

Mode of living, 158-167

Social unit, 136-157

Use of term defined, 135

Lumholtz, C., on—marriage customs, 64-65;

relations of husband and wife, 73;

sexual division of labour, 279

MacLennan, J. F., on kinship, 200-201

Magic:

Mode of obtaining wives, 14, 41, 55, 58, 62, 97

Punishment by means of, 10, 13

Sexual intercourse influenced by belief in, 129-130

Mara tribe:

Marriage customs, 42, 43, 51

Reincarnation and kinship ideas, 220

Marriage:

Affection in, 82-84

Age of girls, 257-259

Breaking the taboo necessary, 305

Contradictions of authorities, 2-3, 3-5

Definition, 34-35

Defloration ceremony, 42-43, 98, 104, 105-106, 129

Disparity of age, 259-262

Duration, length of, 64-66

Ideas embodied in ceremonies, 61-62, 307

Individual appropriation proved by evidence, 59, 295-298

Legal aspect, 8, 35, 56-66, 307

Modes of obtaining wives, 35-66

Mourning rites of widows, 84-88

Pirrauru relation distinguished from, 109-123

Prevalence of ceremonies, statements, 52-53, 61-62, 306-307

Sexual aspect, 89-131

See also Husband and wife, Parent and child, Purchase marriages

Maternity:

Definition of individual motherhood, 173

Relative unimportance of physiological motherhood, 230-232

See also Parent and Child

Mathew, Rev. J., on—marriage, 4;

mode of living, 163;

sexual division of labour, 278-279

Mathews, R. H., on—Communism in food, 285;

hereditary offices, 225;

reincarnation beliefs, 212;

tribal divisions, 144

Meyer, H. E. A., on sexual division of labour, 277

Mitchell, Major T. L., on—relations[323] between husband and wife, 70;

treatment of children, 240;

women's work, 276-277

Moore, G. F., on—marriage customs, 46;

on sexual division of labour, 280

Moore-Davies, J., on mode of living, 161;

on sexual licence, 94

Morgan, John, on—kinship, 200;

use of terms kinship and consanguinity, 171

Mourning ceremonies:

Description of, and deductions from, 84-88, 308

Duties of relatives, 271-272

Proof of strength of marriage ties, 296

Scars self-inflicted by women, 72

Mukjarawaint tribe:

Authority of grandparents, 254-255, 270

Communism in food, 284

Murring tribe:

Communism in food, 284

Mode of living, 136, 154, 159, 162

Sexual life, 92

Treatment of children, 241

Murrumbidgee tribes, treatment of children, 241

Nanarree, form of betrothal, 40

Narran-ga tribe, communism in food, 284

Narrinyeri tribe:

Communism in food, 285

Marriage customs, 38, 52

Mode of living, 139-140, 155

Relation between husband and wife, 70-71

Sexual aspect of marriage, 94, 105

Naudowessies, ideas on procreation, 180

Ngarigo tribe, camping rules, 263

Ngura-mundu custom, 96

Nieboer, H. J., on relation between husband and wife, 75-76

Nind, Scott, on sexual aspect of marriage, 100;

on tribal divisions, 148-149

Oldfield, A., on—relation between brother and sister, 272-273;

sexual aspect of marriage, 99;

treatment of children, 246

Orphans, adoption of, 242

Palmer, E., on—relation of husband and wife, 73;

treatment of children, 245-246;

tribal boundaries, 145

Parent and child:

Aboriginal ideas of procreation and their influence, 128-129, 176-183, 206, 208-233

Affection and its effect on their relations, 191-197, 269-272, 299

Authority of father, 254-256

Characteristic features of relationship, 299

Early separation from parental control, 257-269, 299

Jealousy on question of paternity discussed, 127-129

Kinship, discussion, 171-233

Mode of living impresses relation to actual parent, 167

Pirrauru relationship, 117-118

Suckling and rearing children, bond created by, 234-237

Treatment of children, 238-257

Parkengee tribe, marriage customs, 38

Parker, Mrs., on—marriage customs, 261;

procreation beliefs, 227

Paternity:

Aboriginal ideas on procreation and kinship discussed, 128, 179-183, 208-233

Bond established by rearing of children, 237

Definition of term, 173

See also Parent and Child

Patria potestas:

Definition, 254

Not applicable to conditions of Australian aborigines, 186,187-191

Pinnaru, Council of, 13

Pinya party, 13

Piraungaru custom, 96, 115

Pirrauru custom:

Account of, and its relation to individual marriage, 96, 108-123, 298

Not a group marriage, 108-123, 308

Pointing the bone, form of punishment, 10

Polygyny, prevalence of, 63, 307

Post, A. H., on primitive law, 10

Potestas. See Patria potestas

Procreation, aboriginal ideas discussed,[324] 175, 176-183, 206, 208-233

Property in land. See Land ownership

Puberty:

Boys' initiation at. See Initiation Ceremonies

Marriage of girls at, 257-259

Rites undergone by girls at, 105-106

Punishment:

Abduction, 38, 39, 41, 55

Adultery, 92-97, 99, 103, 124

Elopement, 36, 38, 39, 41-46, 55-58, 66, 92, 103, 295

Magic as a means of, 10, 13

Marriage of men under thirty, 259, 262

Various modes of punishment, 14-15

Purchase marriages:

Marriage by exchange, a form of, 50-52

Proof of individual marriage, 59

Reincarnation of ancestors, aboriginal ideas and beliefs discussed, 212-233

Relationship. See Kinship

Repudiation of wives. See Divorce

Rivers, W. H. R., on kinship, 6-7, 202-203

Roth, W. E., on—camping rules, 266;

folk-lore, 227;

food taboos, 279;

kinship, 225;

marriage customs, 306-309;

mode of living, 163;

mourning ceremonies, 88;

origin of class taboo, 288-289;

relation between husband and wife, 73-74;

tribal divisions, 145

Rusden, G. W., on relations between husband and wife, 72

Salvado, R., on—affection for parents, 271;

camping rules, 266;

marriage customs, 45, 64, 65, 259;

mode of living, 164;

relation between husband and wife, 74;

sexual aspect of marriage, 99-100;

treatment of children, 246-247;

tribal divisions and ownership of land, 147

Schultze, L., on marriage customs, 41

Schürmann, C. W., on—mode of living, 162;

sexual aspect of marriage, 94

Scott Nind. See Nind

Separation of husband and wife, 69.

See also Divorce

Sexual life:

Aboriginal ideas on procreation discussed, 175, 176-183, 206, 208-233

Ceremonial licence, 105-107, 123

Chastity, how regarded, 104-105, 125, 178

Elopement a proof of sexual love, 83-84

Jealousy, existence discussed, 124-131

Pirrauru custom, 108-123

Relative unimportance for unity of family, 299-300

Rights and restrictions of the husband, 101-103, 112, 126-127, 297-298, 300

Statements of authorities, 89-101

Subject to rules, 123, 305

Young females monopolized by old men, 260-262, 309

Sister and brother. See Brother and Sister

Smyth, R. Brough, on mode of living, 161;

on treatment of children, 239-240

Society, primitive:

Collective mind, explanation of term, 175, 308-309

Early modes of thought the only manner of explanation, 168-169, 308

Kinship as affected by social conditions, 175-207

Manner of influencing an institution, 300-301

Unit of aboriginal society, problem discussed, 1-17

Spencer, Baldwin, and Gillen, F., on—folk-lore, 208, 211, 212, 216, 220, 225, 226;

food customs, 285;

kinship, 2, 3, 5;

marriage customs, 41-43;

mode of living, 163;

mourning ceremonies, 85-88, 272;

Pirrauru custom, 108, 115, 117, 120;

relation between brother and sister, 273;

treatment of children, 243-244;

tribal divisions, 143

Stanbridge, W. E., on marriage customs, 38

Strehlow,[325] Herr C., on folk-lore, 208, 210-215

Suckling of children, bond established by, 234-237

Taboo:

Breaking of, necessary for marriage, 305

Class, theory of origin, 288-289

Food, 15, 279

Paternal, during pregnancy of wife, 225

Taplin, G., on relation between husband and wife, 70

Tench, W., on—marriage customs, 40;

relation between husband and wife, 71;

sexual division of labour, 277;

sexual licence, 95

Theddora tribe, chiefs, 12

Thomas, N. W., on—kinship, 7, 187;

marriage, 91;

Pirrauru custom, 119

Tippa Malku marriage, 41, 96, 110

Tjinjilli tribe, marriage customs, 43

Todas, determination of paternity, 180

Tongaranka tribe:

Chief, 12

Mourning customs, 271

Torres Straits Islanders, kinship of, 203

Totems:

Ideas on conception and birth connected with, 208-233

Totemic centres, statements on, 146, 153

Tribal government. See Government, Tribal

Tribe:

Local group as subdivision of. See Local Group

Social divisions of, 136-157, 298

Use of term defined, 134

Tualcha Mura marriage custom, 41, 42, 50, 261

Turnbull, John, on—marriage customs, 39;

mode of living, 141;

relation between husband and wife, 71;

sexual aspect of marriage, 95;

treatment of children, 242

Turra tribe:

Marriage customs, 264

Mode of living, 162

Sexual aspect of marriage, 94, 101, 103, 105

Turrubul tribe, customs, 285-286

Umbaia tribe, reincarnation beliefs, 218-219

Unmatjera tribe:

Mourning ceremonies, 86

Reincarnation belief, 216

Urabunna tribe:

Ignorance of physiological fatherhood, 128

Pirrauru custom, 108, 115, 118

Reincarnation belief, 212, 216

Sexual aspect of marriage, 96

Treatment of children, 243-244

Wakelbura tribe, marriage customs, 44, 56

Wakka tribe:

Infanticide and motive for, 236

Marriage customs, 262

Relations between husband and wife, 73

Sexual aspect of marriage, 98

Treatment of children, 245

Tribal divisions and mode of living, 144, 154, 155, 163

Warramunga tribe:

Ceremonial licence, 106-107

Marriage customs, 42, 43

Mourning ceremonies, 85, 86

Reincarnation belief, 212, 217

Watchandee tribe:

Communism in food, 286

Marriage customs, 45

Westermarck, Prof. E. A., on—chastity among uncivilized people, 178;

kinship, 205;

marriage, 3-4, 34-35;

sexual jealousy, 125;

study of family life, 134

Wheeler, G. C., on sociology of aborigines, 133

White men, believed to be ghosts of relatives, 222-224

Wife. See Wives, below

Wiimbaio tribe:

Chiefs, 12

Mourning customs, 271

Wilhelmi, C., on sexual aspect of marriage, 94

Wilkes, Charles, on sexual aspect of marriage, 95

Willshire, W. H., on sexual aspect of marriage, 97

Wiradjuri tribe:

Chiefs, 12

Communism in food, 284

Marriage customs, 41

Procreation ideas, 230

Women's work, 277

Withnell,[326] J. G., on tribal divisions, 146

Wives:

Economic functions, 67

Exchange of, statements, 92-95, 98, 101, 102-103

Modes of obtaining, 35-66, 295

Obligations of the husbands, 62-65

See also Husband and Wife and Women

Woeworung tribe, marriage customs, 37, 52

Wogait tribe, procreation ideas, 230

Wolgal tribe:

Camping rules, 263

Communism in food, 284

Marriage customs, 261

Procreation ideas, 231

Women:

Condition of drudgery and servitude, 274-290

Licence among the unmarried, 266-267

Scars self-inflicted at mourning ceremonies, 72, 86

See also Husband and Wife and Wives

Wotjobaluk tribe:

Communism in food, 284

Marriage customs, 37-38, 50

Sexual aspect of marriage, 93, 101, 103, 105

Wurrunjeri tribe:

Communism in food, 284

Mode of living, 137, 159

Wuurn, term explained, 160

Wyatt, W., on treatment of children, 241

Yantruwunta tribe, Pirrauru custom, 108

Yerkla-Mining tribe:

Communism in food, 285

Sexual aspect of marriage, 94-95, 102

Yuin tribe:

Chiefs, 12

Marriage customs, 36, 50, 52, 56

Procreation ideas, 231

Printed for the University of London Press, Ltd., by Richard Clay & Sons, Ltd., London and Bungay.

FOOTNOTES:

Corrections:

pageoriginal textcorrection

38ormform

38footnote missing in original[58]

45pérepère

156, n. 458Exeg.Exog.

197, n. 564SociologieSoziologie

202judicaljuridical

208, n. 585 2xAntr.Anthr.

210UbrigensÜbrigens

214AbheringaAlcheringa

221ifelife

233, n. 651individuaindividual

252, n. 748SocialwissenschaftSozialwissenschaft

268, n. 823Socialw.Sozialw.

309corrobatedcorroborated

314ZeitschiftZeitschrift

315 2xSocialwissensch.Sozialwissensch.

321relalationsrelations

322Fehr.Frhr.

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