INDEX

A Adonis, river, and grave of, 151 Adonis-worship, 245, 312; human sacrifice in, 312; rites of, 313 African burial rites, 29 African tribes, religious belief of, 25 Africana, iv Amu, The Hairy, 135 Alexander, son of Philip, 6 Alexandria, the Eastern London, 15; state of religion in, 368 Allah, isolation of, in Mohammedanism, 412 American cremationists, early, 55 Amon-Ra, or Zeus Ammon, 6 Ancestor-worship, 182 et seq,; in India, 32 Animism, theory of, 437 Antioch, the Venice of its time, 365 Art in primitive Greece, 84 Articles of faith, fresh additions to, 11 Asher a, 135, 189 Athanasius, 7 Atonement, doctrine of, 347; not a primitive idea, 347 Attis, worship of, 313; self-mutilation in, 313; festival of the cult of, 314; parallelism to Indian usage, 314; essentially a corn-god, 314 Aubrey’s Remains of Gentilisme, 139 Aviella, Goblet d’, 401 ==Aztec cannibal banquets, no B Baptism, 389, 405 Barrows, Long, used for burials, 55; Round, for cremation, 56,65 Bastian, 134, 139 Baumkultus, Mannhardt’s, 138 Beagle, Voyage of the, Darwin’s, 143 Belief, Egyptian, summary of, 173 Blood, substitute for, no Body, resurrection of the, 43, 54, 63 Buddhism, Freeman on, 380 Builder’s Rites and Ceremonies, Speth’s, 254 Bull-god, the Hebrew, 191 Bureati of Ethtiology, Report of, 106 Burgon, Dean, 418 Burial, cave, 53; dissertation on, 55 et seq.; due to fear of ghosts, 56; earlier than burning, 54; Frazer as to, 56; resurrection from practice of, 54; rites, African, 29; sanctity from, sacred well, 152; system, origin of cultivation as adjunct of, 278 Burrough, Stephen (in Hakluyt), 129 Burton, Sir Richard, 416; anecdote of, 27 "Burying the carnival,” 338 Busta, 66 C Cade, Jack (Mortimer), 259 Camel sacrifice, 333; compared ?with that of Potraj and Dionysus, 333; must be hastily eaten. 333; compare paschal lamb, 333 Cannibal banquets, Aztec, no “Carnival, Burying the,” 293 Catlin, 50 Cave burial, 53 Ceremonial institution, 200 Ceremonialism, religious, evolution of, 90 Ceremonies for expulsion of evils from communities, 349 Chalmers, Mr., 76, 358, 359 Cheyne, Professor, on stone-worship, 120 Christ, a corn-god, 381; a king’s son, 383; and Meriah, 292; a temporary king, 379; bought with a price, 385 Christendom, corpse-worship of, at the tomb of Christ, 417; development of God of ancient Hebrews in God of modern, 225; God of, 359 Christian and heathen gods, apotheosis, 235; basis of religion, 226 Christianisation of Megalithic monuments, 115 Christianised form of scapegoat, 351 Christianity, a blend of Judaism with the popular religions of the day, 363; a competitor of Gnosticism, 395; a magma of Mediterranean religious ideas, 244; as standard of reference, 3; a syncretic product, 363; an embodiment of Mediterranean cults, 227; Egyptian influence on, 400 et seq.; elements of, 404; growth of, 362; in the West, 403 et seq.; in its beginning oriental, 400; least anthropomorphic creed, 18; Mithraism a competitor of, 395; modern worship of dead central force in, 408; origin of, author guided by Frazer and Mannhardt, v; peculiarities of, 17; priesthood not an integral part of early, 11; primitive, three great motors of, 399; reason for triumph of, 389; religion, typical, 15; religion, not i a typical, 17; removed from all primitive cults, 17; specially the religion of immortality, 392; two main forms of, 403 Christian Pantheon, 7 Christians a sect of the Jews, 7 Christus, compared with Meriah, 2285 Circumcision, baptism substituted for, 405; origin of, 200 Clodd, Mr. Edward, v, 21, 254 Codrington, Dr., 132 Conder, Major, 196, 198,199, 415 Conway, Sir Martin, 175 Cook, Captain, 132 Corn-god, as seed, 287; Christ a, 381 Corn-god worship and Potraj festival, analogy of, 304 Corn-gods, animal, 289; substitute for human sacrifice, 289; in England, 290, 291 Corn festivals, European, 216 Cornish well-spirits, 152 Corpse, preservation of, 49; value of saintly, as treasure, 422; worship, at Rome, 419; in Britain, 427; in Islam, 413; the protoplasm of religion, 438 Cremationists, early American, Mexicans, 55 Cretan Dionysus myth, 307 Cross, threefold value of, 115 Cultivation, origin of, as adjunct of burial system, 278; paradox of, 273; origin of, 275 Culte du Cypres, Sur le, Lajard’s, 143 D D’Albertis, 68 D’Alviella, Goblet, 401 Darwin’s Voyage of the Beagle, 143 Dead, book of the, 170; cult of the, 185, 433; in Egypt, 415; fear of, 53; immortality the basis of worship of, 412; life of, 42; spiritualist belief in, 42; three stages in belief, 43; reappearance in sleep, 48; Roman commemoration of, 431; votive offerings to, 158 Dead bodies, preserving and worship of, 68 Dead god, worship of, universal in cults, 436 Dead man’s tomb, the primitive temple, 11 "Death, Carrying out,” 293 Death, primitive theories as to, 45, 47; the gate of life, 162; The Worship of, 153, 198 Deified man, worship of, 3 Deity, the need of a familiar, 432 De Osiride, Plutarch’s, 166 Deities, Sir Alfred Lyall on origin of minor provincial, 438 Du Manes, 9 Dionysus, originally the corn victim, 307; worship, 304, 305; resurrection of, 305; varieties of, 306; resemblance between, and Potraj rites, 306 Divine victim, priest alone drinks blood of, 346; trees in Semitic area, 149 Divinity, abnormal conditions of connection with, 228 Doubt and credulity always coexistent, 396 Du Chaillu, 71 E Easter compared with other annual festivals, 391 "Eaten with honour,” vii Egypt, evolution of gods in, 155, tombs and caves of, 161, 416 Egyptian Belief, summary of, 178; gods early kings, 176; bestial types of, 173, 175; ophiolatry; Hebrew snake worship parallel with, 192; totems, 168; triads of God’s origin of Trinity, 17, 369 Egyptians, true religion of, worship of the dead, and polytheism, 179 Elliot, Sir Walter, 301 Ellis, 68 Emigrants, Irish, in Canada, custom of, 343 Erman, on gods of the Ostyaks, 438 Essay on Scarabs, Loftie’s, 167 Ethnology, Report of Bureau of, 106; in Folklore, Gomme’s, 288, 290 Eucharist, Mexican, 341 Euhemerism, 16 F Fairs, gingerbread cakes at, significance of, 344 Faith, fresh additions to Articles of, 11 "Feeding the Dead,” 299 Fetichism, 97 Flagstone of the kings, 113 Folklore the protoplasm of mythology and theology, 438 Forbes, H. O., 50, 69, 80, 128, 268 Fortnightly Review, viii Frazer, J. G., v, 56, 87, 91, 138, 142, 174, 175, 191, 228, 230; 231, 232, 233, 235, 237, 238, 239, 241, 242, 245, 246, 248, 252, 270, 279, 280, 283, 286, 287, 288, 291, 294, 297, 305, 306, 307, 309, 310. 312, 314, 315, 316, 336, 338, 342, 344, 348, 349, 350, 352, 353, 355 Freeman, E. A., on Buddhism, 380 Future Life, Hebrew theories as to, 184 G Galton, Mr., 146, 318 Gentilisme, Remains of, Aubrey’s, 139 . Ghost theories, 159 Giant’s dance, 107 Gill, Wyatt, 69, 329 Gnosticism, a competitor of Christianity, 395 God, boundary, 270; corn-, as seed, 287; development of Holy Ghost from, 407; eating, the, 339; feast, sacraments survival from cannibal, 346; growth of idea of, 19; the Hebrew bull, 191; human origin of, 3; of Christendom, 409; belief in personality of, 409; as represented by Italian art, 409; cannot be realised except symbolically, 410; of food, making of, 281; manufactured, doctrine of, vi; monotheistic conception of, b. c., 14; of the ancient Hebrews, development of, into God of modern Christendom, 225; of increase, Jahweh a, 195; peculiar story of evolution of God of, 1; 385; sacramental union with a, 322; sacrifice of, in atonement, 320; the, as bread and wine, 337; the Hebrew, 154, 155; worship, development of sentiment from corpse-worship to, 162; Hebrew stone, 167167; of Egypt, the, viii; or the Ostyaks, Erman on, 438; origin of Egyptian triads of, 369; evolution of, 407 God-eating, in Mexico, 327 et seq.; sacraments, evolution of, vi God-making, orgiastic festival of Potraj, 301, 325, 346; for ships, 263; for river, 264; for war, 267 Gods, all primitive, corpses, 91; ancestors as, 86; artificial crop of, 247; bestial types of Egyptian, 173, 175; Egyptian, originally kings, 155; elemental, or nature-gods, 176; superadded factor in Egyptian religion, 177; foundation, 25S, 319; framed from abstract conceptions, 174; frequently put to death by their votaries, 233; great, classes rather than individuals, 269; growth of, from ghosts, 71, 72; growth of, spontaneous, 247; importance of antiquity of, in ancient and modern society, 73; in Egypt, evolution of, 155; killing of, a component of many faiths, 234; apotheosis, heathen and Christian, 235; minor, necessity of renewing, 411; new, necessary in religion, 432; of agriculture, 272; of city walls, 251; of towns and villages, 255; Semitic, vagueness of, 205 Golden Bough, The, Frazer’s, v, 87, 138, 142, 246, 280, 283, 297 Gomara, 81 Gomme, Lawrence, v, 259, 288, 290, 297, 303, 306, 311, 349 Good qualities, eating, 323, 324 Gould, S. Baring, 248 Graves, food plants on, 281 Grave-stakes and standing-stones or tombstones as objects of worship, 82, 83 Greece, art in primitive, 84 Greek scapegoat, 352 Grote, on Greek worship, 103 Grove, sacred, 93 H Haggard, H. Rider, 252 Harranians, infant sacrifice among, 344 Hartland, Sidney (note) v, 6, 47, 302, 324, 349, 383 Harvest, first-fruits of, 299, Hebrews, development of God of the ancient, into God of modern Christendom, 225; stone gods, 187; theories as to future life, 184 Heathen sacrifice of a god to himself analogous to Christian sacrifice of the mass, 244 Henderson, Captain, 438 Hterurgia, Dr. Rock’s, 430 Holy Ghost, development of, from God, 407 Holy heads, preservation of in Britain, 429 Honorific cannibalism, Sidney Hartland on, 324 Horus, Madonna and Child compared with, 400 Hugh, St., of Lincoln, 379 Huitzilopochtli, image of, in dough, eaten by worshippers, 340 Hunter, Sir William, 31, 32, 143, 144 I Idea of God, growth of, 19 Idols, 101; et seq., mummy, of Mexicans, 81, 82; wooden-, probable origin of, 69; origin of, 79; supersession of mummy by, ,80; wooden, derived from sepulchre head posts, 137 Illustrated London News, 5, 56, 74 Images, multiplication of, 85 Immortality, from practice of burning, 54; and resurrection, viii; of the soul, 43, 54; the basis of, worship of dead, 412 Incarnation, theory of, 229; an ordinary feature of religion in the first century, 233 Iona, black stones of, 116 Irish well-spirits, 152 Isis, Madonna and Child compared with, 400 Israel, evolution of God of, peculiar story of, 180; religion of, originally polytheistic, 201 Italy, shrines of saint, in, 424 J Jahweh, ancestral sacred stone of the people of Israel, 126; a stone god, 197; attempts to make, always incorporeal, 124; destruction of stone, made his worship cosmopolitan, 222; incorporeal Supreme Ruler, 222; dissertation on, 122 et seq generic conception of pure deity, 223; human sacrifice to, 199; later conception of, 211; Molech-traits of, 212; the value of, 192 et seq.; a god of increase, 195; object of portable size, 123; spiritualized into great national deity, 125; the Hebrew god, 154, 155; the Rock of Israel, 125; worship of, astrological additions to, 213 Jameson’s, Mrs., Sacred and Legendary Art, 420 Japanese totem, 360 Jesus, earliest believers in, 244 Jesus-cult, development of, 405 et seq. Jews, Christians a sect of, 7; polytheists, 181 John the Baptist, 388 Judaism, Christianity a blend of, with the popular religions of the day, 363 K Kaaba, 114, 186 Kings as gods, 227; as priests, 87; gods, evolution of, 172 L Lajard’s Sur le Culte du Cypres, 143 Landa, 80 Landor, Walter Savage, 135, 360 Lang, Andrew, 23, 108, 114, 171 (note), 176 Lares, 369 Lectures on the Religion of Ancient Egypt, Renouf’s, 156 Legend of Perseus, Hartland’s, v Lenormant, M., on ancestorship, 183 Life of the Dead, Three successive stages in, vi Livingstone, Dr., 147 Loftie, 158, 167, 308, 401 London Stone, 258 Longmans’ Magazine, 258 Lundonstone, Henry de, 258 Lyall, Sir Alfred, on origin of minor provincial deities, 438 M Macdonald, Duff, iv, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 73, 74, 77, 96, 143, 247, 438 Madonna and Child, compared with Isis and Horus, 400 Maniæ, 344 Man-god, the death and resurrection of, the keynote to Asian and African religions, 246; types of, 231 Man-gods, importance to welfare of people in early times, 237; necessity of killing them before their powers decayed, 239 et seq. Mannhardt, 138, 353 Man’s two halves, 46 Manufactured god, doctrine of, vi Mariette, M., 162, 168 Martyrdom, 271; the passion for, of early Christians, 419 Maspero, M., 159,160, 176 Mass developed from Agape feasts, 12 Megalithic monuments, Christianisation of, 115 Men, metamorphosis of, into stones, 107 Meriah, 323; and Christ, 285, 292 Meriahs, 283, 284, 319 Meteorological phenomena, primitive misconception of, 20 Mexican cremationists, early, 55; eucharist, 431 Mexico, god-eating in, 327, et seq. Migration of Symbols, The, 401 Mithraism, a competitor of Christianity, 395 Mock-mayors, 295 Mommsen, Dr., v Monotheism, origin of, 154; religion reduced to central element, 223; rise of, iv, 204 Monotheistic conception of God, b. c., 14 Mother of the gods, and mother of God, resemblance between, 385 Müller, Max, 23 Mulungu, 25 Mummification, 49 Mummy, idols of Mexicans, 81, 82; worship in Egypt, 157 Mythology, and Religion, relative positions of, 20; essentially theoretical, 23 N Nature-worship, origin of, v New ideas of secondary rank, enumeration of, vi Nordenskiold, Baron, 357 O Obelisk, origin of, 105 Oberammergau, 379 Ohio mounds, 55 Osiris, the god of dead, 308, as a corn-god, 309; legend of Busiris concerning, 310; festival resemblance to rites of Potraj, 308; festivals, customs at, 345; growth of worship of, 167; originally a king, 165; rite, contemporary survival of, in Egypt, 310; rite, annual human victim of, 311; worship of, 107 P Pandavas, Five, 94, 109, 114 Paris, saints’ relics in, 425 Paul, probably first preacher of Christ to the world at large, 387 Paulicians, accusation against, 343 Penates, 370 Petrie, Flinders, vii, 176 Pharaoh, divinity of, 167 Philosophers, Roman, compared with Unitarians, 393 Piacular sacrificial rites, 261, 356 Pilatus, Caius Pontius, 3 Plutarch’s De Osiride, 166 Polytheism, origin of, Spencer’s ghost theory as to, iv; and worship of the dead the true religion of the Egyptians, 179 Potraj, orgiastic god-making festival of, 301, 325, 346 Powell, Professor York, v “Practical Religion,” viii Prévost, Abbé, 45 Priest, development of, from temple attendant, 89; victim and god, identity of, 320 Priesthood, dual origin of, 86; independent origin of, 88; not integral part of early Christianity, 219 R Ramsay, Professor, 245, 313 Reformation, Progress of, in Ireland, 102 Relics, saintly, necessary for the sacrifice of the mass, 430 Religion and mythology, viii; should be separated, 40 Religion, and mythology, relative positions of, 20; as a result of fear, 21; Christian basis of, 226; connection of, with death never severed, 411; demarcation of, from mythology, vi; Egyptian, based on ancestor-worship and totemism, 157; essentially practical, 22, 24; every, continues to make minor gods, 410; Roman, cosmopolitanised under the Empire, 375; Roman, Hellenised, 373; Roman, origin and growth of, 369; solely ceremony, custom, or practice, 32; state of, in Alexandria, 368; worship and sacrifice prime factors of, 40 Religious, belief of African tribes, 25; ceremonialism, evolution of, 90; emotion arises from regard for the dead. 411; sentiment, development of, from corpse- to God-worship, 162; thinking, 400; main schools of, iii; unrest, description of, 394 Renouf, Le Page, 156, 159,160,172, 174 Resurrection from practice of burial, 54; immortality and, viii; of the body, 43, 54, 63; steps to prevent, 57 Revenant, 62 Rex Nemoralis, 344 Rhys, Professor John, v Rocks, Dr., Hierurgia, 430 Rock, Standing, 108 Roden, Earl of, 102 Roman, Catholic mass a survival of the cult of Adonis-worship, 245; scapegoat, 352; ritual, derivation of, 34; scepticism, 392 Rougé, M. de, 157 Royal victims, sacrifice of, 259, 260 S Sacramental meal, first step toward, 322; union with a god, 325 Sacraments, sacrifice and, 318; survival from cannibal god-feast, 346 Sacred and Legendary Art, Mrs. Jameson’s, 420 Sacred books, 13 Sacred objects of the world, 150, 153 "Sacred Stones,” viii Sacred Stones,93, et seq.; attempts to Jehovise, 119, 120; derivation of, from tombs, 116; in Britain, 113; migration of, 111 Sacred trees, 138; among Phoenicians and Canaanites, 150 Sacred well, sanctity from burial, 151, 152 Sacrifice, and sacrament, 318; camel, 333; cannibal mystic, 322; child, to make gods, 261; corn-gods substitute for human, 289; of a god, mystic theory of, 320; heathen, of a god to himself analogous to Christian sacrifice of the mass, 244; human, in Adonis-worship, 312; infant, among Harranians, 344; of God in atonement, 320; of royal victims, 219, 260; piacular, 261, 262; propitiatory annual, in New Guinea, 358; sacramental, involves renewal of divine life, 335; Smith Robertson’s view of, 330; tlieanthropic, 260; two kinds of, 319 Sacrificial, animal, usually male, 333; victim, sanctity of, 331 Saints, intervention of, in Venice, 423; invocation of, 9; preservation of relics of, in Church of Rome, 421; relics in Paris,'425; devotion at the shrines of, 426; shrines of, in Italy, 424 Samoa, Turner’s, 99, hi Samoan collection of Mr. Turner, 97 "Sawing the Old Woman,” 294. Sayce, Professor, 33, 173 Scapegoat, belief of transference of evils to, 349; Christianised form of, 351; evolution of, 350; human, 350; Roman and Greek, 352; transition from human to divine animal, 354 Scepticism, Roman, 392 Schoolcraft, 50, 100 Scone stone, 112 Seed-sowing, origin of, as adjunct of burial system, 278 Self-sacrifice, the creed of, 418 Semites, Religion of the, 119, 150, 214 Semitic, gods, vagueness of, 205; stone-cult, 116 Sepolture dei giganti, 94 Simpson, William, v, 40, 74, 271, 411, 416 Sin-eater, ritual of the, 345 Sins, remission of, bloodshed necessary for, 361 Skull, or head, importance of, 51, 66; primitive worship of, 69, 70 Smith, Angus, 101 Smith, Robertson, iv, 21, 32, 91, 117, 118, 136, 145, 152, 153, 185, 189, 209, 214, 215, 255, 256, 260, 262, 318, 320, 330, 355, 356, 373 Smith’s, Robertson, view of sacrifice, 330 Snake-worship, Hebrew, parallel with Egyptian ophiolatry, 192 Sociology, Principles of, 34, 68, 74 (note), 99, 435 Soul, Frazer and the, 47; Hart-land, Sidney, and the, 47; immortality of the, 63; separate, 47 Spano, Abbate, 101 Spencer, Herbert, iv, 23, 24, 31,36, 47, 49, 50, 52, 68, 70, 74, 76, 79, 81, 82, 99, no, 134, 146, 173, 174, 200, 279, 418, 430, 435 Speth, 254, 271 Spirit-possessed persons in rude society, 230 Stake, wooden, 93 Stakes, sacred, 127; inferior to stones, 127; derivation of, 128; worship of, 129; evolution into idol, 132 Standard of reference, Christianity as, 3 ‘ Stahic, definition of, 249 Statues, an outgrowth of tombstones, 83 Stevenson, R. L., authority on memorial tree-planting, 141 St. Hugh of Lincoln, 379 Stick-worship, 100 Stone-cult, Semitic, 116 Stone-gods, Hebrew, 187 Stonehenge, 93, 112 Stones, sacred, 93 et seg.; Sardinian, 101; of the Hebrews, 117 et seg.; metamorphosis of men into, 107 Stone worship, Professor Cheyne on, 120 Sun-worship, 105 Swinburne, quoted, 18 Symbolism, never primitive, 209 Syrians, easily Hellenised, 366 T Taylor, Dr. Isaac, 82 Temenos, cenotaphs if not tombs, 148 Temple, origin of,'74, 75, 76; praying house, origin o±, 69; the tomb as a, 159; tombs of Egypt, 416 "The Gods of Egypt,” viii “The Life of the Dead,” viii Theotokos, 9 Theology or mythology essentially theoretical, 23 Thurn, Im, 437 Tombs, of the kings, 142; and caves of Egypt, 161 Tombstones, early, 95, 96 Totem, Japanese, 360; rites and feast at sacrifice of, 360 Totems, Egyptian, 168 Totem-worship, 165; origin of, 174, 175 Totnes Times, 259 Trees, among Phoenicians and Canaanites, sacred, 150; in Semitic area, divine, 149; offering to, 143; sacred, 138 Trinity, Egyptian triads of gods, origin of, 17, 369; evolution of, 407 Turner, Mr., Samoan collection of, 91, 97 Turner, Rev. George, 34,108, 146, 298 Tylor, Dr., 23, 31, 47, 98, 99, 100, 104, no, 114, 131, 134, 144, 146, 249, 271,279 U Universal Review, viii Unitarians, Roman philosophers compared with, 393 V Venice, intervention of saints in, 423 Vesalius, 45 Victims, substituted, 253 Village Community, L. Gomme’s 259, 297 Village foundation, ritual of, 257 W Ward, Lester, 25 Well, sacred, sanctity from burial, 152 ‘ Wells, sacred, 151 Well-spirits, Cornish and Irish, 152 Wooden idols, probable origin of, 69 Worship of Death, The, v, 75 Worship, Adonis, 245, 312; ancestor-, 182 et seg., in India, 32; and sacrifice prime factors of religion, 40; corpse, of Christendom, at the tomb of Christ, 417; God, development of sentiment from corpse-worship to, 162; grave-stakes and standing-stones or tombstones as object of, 82, 83; Hebrew snake, parallel with Egyptian ophiolatry, 192; mummy, in Egypt, 157; Nature, origin of, v ; of Attis, 313; of corn-god and Potraj festival, analogy of, 304; of dead bodies, 68; of dead god, universal in cults, 436; of deified man, 3; of dead and polytheism the true religion of the Egyptians, 179; of Osiris, growth of, 167; of sacred stakes, 129; of skull, primitive, 69-70; sun, 105; totem, 165; origin of, 174, 175; as proven by monuments, 167 Worshippers, image of Huitzilo. pochtli, in dough, eaten by, 340 Y Yarilo, funeral of, 294 Z Zeus Ammon, or Amon Ra, 6