INDEX

Abraham, emigration of, 23 ; historicity of, 36 ; religion of, 31, 34

Adonai, 60

Ahijah, 117

Altars, erected anywhere, 98 ; construction of, 200

Amaziah, 118

Amos, 98, 118, 136, 148, 152, 159, 271

Animals, as tribal names, 39 ; clean and unclean, 40 ; worship of, 26, 39, 68, 124

Animism, 40, 41

Apostasy, 90, 129

Arabia, home of Semites, 20, 22

Ark, 69, 70, 121, 180

Armageddon, 272

Aryan conception of God, 25

Asaph, 222, 225

Asherah, 46

Ashtoreth, or Ashtart, 94

Assembly of the saints, 223

Assyria, 156, 160, 161

Atonement, 102, 208 ; of Christ, 210, 211 ; Day of, 177, 178

Azazel, 42, 207, 208

Baal, 38, 92, 96, 98

Baal of Tyre, 94, 109, 125 . See also under Melkart

Babylon, fall of, 185 ; Jews in, 169–174, 179, 185, 204

Babylonian epic of Creation, 205 ; influence of, 204–206

Babylonian religion, 186

Balaam, prophecy of, 271

Ban, the, 49

Blood, significance of, 26, 208 ; food of deity, 48

Book of the Covenant, 200

Bosheth, 94, 97

Bull-worship, 68, 98, 124

Calf-worship. See under Bull

Canaan, influence of, 27, 83–86, 170 ; conquest of, 82, 86, 87 ; Jewish love for, 83 ; limitations of, 84

Canaanites, customs of, borrowed, 92, 98 ; origin of, 23, 24 ; religion of, 38, 92–95; sanctuaries of, 98, 158, 163 ; why not exterminated, 90 ; and Hebrews, 87

Centralization of worship, 144, 157, 163

Chemosh, 43

Choice of Israel, Jehovah's, 75 ; prophetic conception of, 156, 187

Christ the goal of Old Testament, 282 . And see under Jesus

Christianity, 101, 274

Chronicler, the, 221

Circumcision, 50, 180

Comparative religion, 38

Conditions of life among Semites, 20 ; in time of Judges, 87 ; after exile, 196, 232 ; in time of Psalms, 226, 231, 232 ; reflected in Wisdom lit., 247 ; in Ecclesiastes, 259 ; in Messianic age, 273

Covenant at Sinai, 58, 65 ; prophetic conception of, 76, 157, 267

Covenant-sacrifice, 49, 63

Creation, 186, 205 ; Babylonian legend of, 205

Customs retained with new significance, 39, 50, 176

Customs, mourning, 40

Cyrus, 183, 185, 268

Daniel, Book of, 141

David, character of, 119, 121, 229 ; influence of, 120 ; his kingdom, 88, 120 ; a poet, 119 ; his religious ideas, 121 ; his work, 120 ; and the Messiah, 270, 275

Day of Atonement, 177 ; of the Lord, 271 ; of judgment, 272

Deborah, Song of, 88

Decalogue, the, 74

Deluge, the, 206

Deuteronomy, Book of, 145, 157, 162, 200

Development of Religion, xiv, 27, 37, 79, 86, 99, 128, 129, 131, 142, 215, 282

Director's Psalm Book, 220

Documents, various, how detected, 33, 194, 199

"E," 30, 142, 194

Ecclesiastes, name, 258 ; Book of, 260 ; ascribed to Solomon, 258 ; significance of, 262

El, 37, 59

Elijah, 98, 99, 106, 114, 125, 126, 136, 148

Elisha, 113, 114, 125, 128

Elohim, 30, 42, 222

Ephod, 67, 100

Ethical conceptions, 127, 152, 155, 158, 244, 249

Ethnology of Old Testament, 18

Exile, date of, 134, 168 ; cause of, 171, 176 ; critical view of, 171, 172 ; lessons from, 190 ; religion after, 230

Exilic stamp on literature, 172

Exodus, the, 58 ; date of, 24, 82

Ezekiel, 169, 174, 175, 178, 195 ; Book of, 174, 177 ; his school, 195 ; and Leviticus, 172, 177

Ezra, 181 ; introduces the Law, 196, 197 ; what did it include? 198, 200

Feast of Tabernacles, 197, 198

Forgiveness, 207, 233

Funeral feasts, 41

Gad, 117

God, name of. See under Elohim, El and Jehovah

God, conception of, Semitic, 25, 26 ; Aryan, 25 ; anthropomorphic, 48, 66, 155 ; ethical, 96, 155, 211 ; local, 43, 52, 62, 75, 96 ; spiritual, 155 ; tribal, 26, 32, 75 ; materialistic, 69, 70 ; as the Storm God, 70 ; as the Creator, 186

God, conception of, by David, 26 ; by Prophets, 154, 155, 175, 186 ; by Psalmists, 236 ; in Job, 256 ; in Ecclesiastes, 261

God, holiness of, 175, 207 ; jealousy of, 76 ; righteousness of, 77, 155, 232

Habiri, 24, 82

Hallel Psalms, 223

Hammurabi, code of, 73, 203, 204

Heathen deities, 42, 43, 66, 154

Hebrew, meaning of name, 23

Hebrew Bible, divisions of, 141

Hebrews, relation to other nations, 18, 19, 22, 24, 85, 156

Heroes of Israel, 85

Hexateuch, 200

High places, worship at, condemned, 173 . See also Canaanitish sanctuaries

Higher criticism, xi, xii

Historical value of Hebrew tradition, 32, 183, 228, 229, 245, 247

Historical books, Prophets' influence on, 114, 141, 142

History, ancient conception of, xiii, 32, 51, 145, 163 ; how compiled, 114, 142, 143 ; religious interpretation of, 90, 101, 129, 171, 176, 187, 189 . See also under Redaction

Hittites, 23

Holiness, 175, 207, 236 ; code of, 200

Horeb, Theophany at, 126, 128

Hosea, 159

Human sacrifice, 48, 49, 95

Ideal Israel, 188

Idolatry and images, 37, 45, 67, 68, 70, 154, 176, 180, 186, 247

Immortality in Psalms, 34, 35 ; in Job, 256 ; in Ecclesiastes, 261, 262

Inspiration, xiii, 129, 206, 231 ; how related to infallibility, xiii, xiv

Interpolations, 146

Isaiah, 160, 295 ; Book of, 147, 156 ; authorship of, 147, 182–185

Israel. See under Hebrews

"J," 30, 32, 194

Jehovah, name, 59 ; pronunciation, 60, 62 ; explanation of, 61

Jehovah and other nations, 156 ; and Baal, 97, 98 ; and Israel, 44

Jehovah, religion of, date, 31, 34, 65 ; weakness of, 92, 95, 96 ; prophetic conception of, 154, 155 ; a religion of choice, 65, 75

Jehovah. See also under God

Jeremiah, 154, 164, 188

Jeroboam, 124

Jerusalem, connection with David, 120 ; idea of inviolability, 161, 169, 170 ; besieged by Sennacherib, 161 ; deliverance of, 161 ; besieged by Nebuchadrezzar, 170 ; destruction of, 169, 170

Jesus and Messiahship, 266, 276, 278, 280, 281 ; and new covenant, 77 ; and Levitical system, 210 ; and Revelation, xv, 77 ; and Prophets, 273, 282 ; and Psalms, 231, 232, 234 ; and Proverbs, 250 ; and Isa. liii., 189 ; and Book of Daniel, 280, 281 ; and Book of Enoch, 280 ; and Old Testament, x

Jethro, 62

Jews. See under Hebrews

Job, 251 ; Book of, 250 ; date of, 251, 252 ; author, 251, 254, 255 ; divisions of, 253

Jonah, Book of, 156, 189

Joshua, Book of, 82, 86, 87

Josiah, reform of, 162, 163, 200

Judah, tribe of, 89

Judaism, 178

Judges, functions of, 91 ; Book of, 82, 87, 88, 90, 144

Kenites, 64

King. See under Monarchy and Messiah

Kingdom of God, 28, 127, 131, 171, 273, 282

Korah, sons of, 225

Law, origin of, 173 ; of Moses, 196–198; later than Prophets, 137, 158 ; no observance of, until after exile, 54, 172, 199 . See also under Pentateuch and Moses

Levi, tribe of, 89

Levite choirs, 221

Levites, 71 ; distinguished from priests, 177

Levitical system, 208 ; intention of, 209

Leviticus, Book of, 157, 158, 172

Literary ideals, 146, 163, 251, 259

Localization of God, 43, 96, 103

Local sanctuaries, 58, 59

Lower criticism, xi

Maccabees, the, 223, 224 ; times of, 221 ; Psalms of, 224, 226

Manasseh, 162

Mazzebah, the, 45

Melkart, 94, 95, 125 . See also Baal of Tyre

Memorial stones, 37, 44

Messiah, name, 274 ; title, 276 ; Davidic descent of, 275, 277

Messiah in the Prophets, 269, 276 ; in Apocrypha, 264

Messiah as Prophet, 269 ; Priest, 270 ; King, 270, 275

Messianic age, 151, 270, 273

Messianic King, 228

Messianic prophecy, 266, 267, 269–271, 275–277; includes more than a person, 267, 271, 281

Micah, 160, 277

Micaiah, 128

Midian, 64

Molech, 95, 96

Monarchy, origin of, 97, 106, 118 ; in Psalms, 228 ; in Proverbs, 247, 248

Monotheism among Semites, 25 ; Hebrews, 39, 43 ; not taught by Moses, 66 ; in the Prophets, 42, 154, 186

Moses, name, 57 ; historical reality, 55, 57 ; his call, 58, 63 ; mention before exile, 56 ; not author of Pentateuch, 54, 57 . See also under Law, and Pentateuch

Music and prophecy, 112

Musical directions in Psalter, 218–220

Musical services, 223

Nathan, 117, 122, 275

Nature in Psalter, 236

Nazarites, 114

Nebuchadrezzar, 169

Necromancy, 39

Nehustan, 68

New Covenant, the, 165

New Testament, Psalms quoted in, 229

New Testament and Old Testament, 266 . See also under Christianity, and Jesus

Old Testament, attitude of Jesus to, x; Jewish reverence for, x. See also under Hebrew Bible

Oracles, 27, 46, 47, 68, 77, 100

Origin of religion, 51, 62

"P," 194. See under Priestly Code

Palestine. See under Canaan

Particularism, 155, 186, 191, 273

Passover, the, 49

Patriarchs, historicity of, 35

Pentateuch, strata of, 30, 194, 199, 200 ; how discovered, 34, 194, 199 ; not by Moses, 54, 73 ; Samaritan, 201 . See also under Law, and Moses

Personal conception of religion, 154, 166, 232, 233, 235, 237

Personalities, influence of, on history, 268

Personification, 186, 189, 232, 246, 252, 253

Pharaoh of the Exodus, 82

Philistines, 24, 97

Philo, 242, 246

Philosophy, 21, 246, 252

Phœnicians, 20, 23

Poetry, sign of early date, 18, 69, 88 ; of David, 119, 228 ; in Prophets, 153 ; in Psalms, 236 ; in Proverbs, 245

Polytheism among Semites, 25 ; among Hebrews, 37 ; the religion of savages, 41 ; in original documents, 41 ; evidence of, 42

Prayer, 216, 231

Prediction, 137, 151, 182, 183, 266, 278

Priesthood, 63 ; in time of Moses, 71, 111, 202 ; in time of Judges, 54,68, 100 ; in Ezekiel, 177 ; after exile, 209 ; of Messiah, 270 . See also under Levites

Priestly code, the, 200–202; ideals of, 206, 210 . See also under Levitical system

Priestly school, the, 196, 206

Problem of Providence, 234, 250, 253, 257, 259, 260

Problem of suffering, 187, 243, 251, 253, 257, 258, 262

Progress, causes of, 75, 97, 102 . See under Development

Prophesying, 112

Prophet, name of, 109, 110

Prophetic bands, 106, 112, 125

Prophetic consciousness, 149, 150

Prophetic literature, how compiled, 145, 146, 152

Prophetic style, 114, 145, 150, 153, 185

Prophets, origin of, 106 ; two classes, 108, 111, 149, 153 ; conflict between, 113, 128 ; their call, 148 ; their relation to State, 117, 127, 153 ; and national religion, 136, 149 ; and the Covenant, 139, 157 ; chronology of, 134 ; their place in history, 137 ; importance of, for criticism, xii, 137, 138 ; their picture of their age, 138, 139 ; they are creative, 135 ; their relation to the Law, 137, 139, 140, 143, 164, 215 ; and the Gospel, 136, 137, 138 ; their scheme of the future, 151, 272

Protestantism, 131

Protevangelium, the, 270

Proverb, the, 245

Proverbs, Book of, 245 ; its relation to Job, 240, 252 ; divisions of, 245 ; date of, 247

Psalms, titles of, 214, 218, 219, 224, 225, 228 ; ascription to David, 214, 218, 221, 222, 225–229; authorship of, 224, 225 ; some are prayers, 216 ; use in synagogue, 216 ; in the temple, 216, 218 ; Hallels, 223 ; Maccabæan, 224, 226 ; tone of, 217 ; imprecations in, 217, 231, 232 ; and the Gospel, 215 ; and Christianity, 216 ; their conception of God, 225, 236

Psalter, the, criticism of, 217, 218 ; date of, 221, 225–227, 229, 231 ; Books of, 221 ; a gradual compilation, 218, 221

Queen of Heaven, 95

Rahab, 205

Rechabites, 115

Redaction, 144, 145, 173, 215, 218

Reform, 107 ; of Elijah, 126 ; of Prophets, 139 ; under Josiah, 144, 162, 163 ; after exile, 180, 181 ; under Ezra, 196, 200

Religion, origin of, 38, 78 ; primitive, 32, 39, 40, 42, 43 ; Semitic, 25 ; of Patriarchs, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 65 ; in time of Moses, 54 ; in time of Judges, 67, 71 ; of Canaanites, 92–95; under monarchy, 108, 112, 158 ; after exile, 179, 181 ; Levitical conception of, 209, 210 ; of Psalmists, 230, 231–235; in Wisdom lit., 242, 244 ; in Proverbs, 249 ; in Job, 255 ; in Ecclesiastes, 261 ; of the future, 265, 268, 273

Repentance, 173, 178

Restoration, the, 181, 182

Retribution, 250, 262 . And see under Problem of Providence

Revelation, xiii, 51, 63, 66, 78, 79, 231

Ritual, 157, 209, 211

Sabbath, 168, 179

Sacred springs, 47

Sacred stones, 44

Sacred trees, 46

Sacrifice, primitive, 47, 48 ; adopted by Moses, 72 ; covenant, 49, 63 ; human, 48, 49 ; Prophetic estimate of, 72, 158 ; in "P," 202, 207 ; meaning of, 207, 208 ; of Christ, 210, 211 . See also under Atonement

Samaria, fall of, 134, 160

Samson, 115

Samuel, 106, 111, 113, 114, 119

Satan, 255, 266

Saul, 111, 112, 119

Scepticism, 248, 260, 261

Science, 21, 131, 237

Second Isaiah, 147, 180 . See also under Isaiah

Seer, 100

Selah, 219, 220

Semites, home of, 20 ; desert life, 20 ; Western antipathy to, 21 ; their contribution to thought, 21 ; to science, 21 ; to religion, 22 ; groups of, 22 ; migrations of, 22

Semitic character of our Bible, 25

Semitic language, 19

Semitic religion, 25, 26 ; tribal, 26 ; value of, 27 ; does not account for Hebrew religion, 25, 31

Sennacherib, 160

Servant of the Lord, 187, 188, 269, 278, 280 ; the suffering, 187, 279

Shekel, temple, 197, 199

Shewbread, 48

Shiloh, 271

Simeon, tribe of, 89

Simon Maccabæus, 224

Sin, 176, 207, 209, 232, 233

Sin-offering, the, 207

Sinai, 58, 62, 64, 65

Social conceptions, 127, 158, 159

Solomon, 88, 122, 224, 225 ; Proverbs ascribed to, 245, 246, 248 ; and Ecclesiastes, 259

Son of Man, the, title of, 279–281

Sons of the Prophets, 106, 110–112. See also under Prophetic bands

Substitution, 208, 209

Supernatural, the, 79

Symbolism, 208, 209

Synagogue, the, 180, 181, 216

Syncretism, 92, 97, 99, 101, 102, 107

Tabernacle, the, 72, 73, 202

Tabernacles, Feast of, 197, 198

Tehom, Tiamat, 205

Tel-el-Amarna, tablets, 24, 82

Temple, the, 122–124, 162, 164, 177, 202 ; worship of, 220, 230 ; mentioned in Psalms, 226, 227

Torah, 100

Totemism, 39

Tradition, Jewish, 229

Tribes, names of, 40 ; unity of, 88, 91

Universalism, 155, 156, 186, 190, 191, 242, 274

Virgin birth, the, 276

Wisdom, 243, 246, 249, 261

Wisdom literature, 241 ; compared with rest of Bible, 243–244; date of, 245

Wise men, the, 244, 248

Worship, prophetic conception of, 157 ; of synagogue, 181 ; of temple, 220, 230 . And see under Altars, Religion, God, and Sacrifice

Zechariah, Book of, 134, 147

BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO. LD., PRINTERS, LONDON AND TONBRIDGE.