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The evolution of climate

INDEX

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A.

Acheulian, 52

Aciphylla, 125

Africa, 103, 133, 142

Aftonian, 87

Ahlmann, 51, 61

Alaska, 43, 124

Algonquin, Lake, 123

Alps, dry period, 122

glaciation, 29, 52, 56

retreat stadia, 119

Altai Mountains, 77

Anau, ruins, 163

Ancylus, 120, 127

Andersson, 118, 121

Andes, 98

Antarctica, 114, 133

Anticyclonic circulation, 55

Antipodes Is., 112

Aral Sea, 83

Argentine, 100

Arizona, 94, 150

Arrhenius, 19

Artesian water (Australia), 110

Aryans, 164

Asia, 76, 125, 139, 143, 153

Astronomical theory, 17

Atlantic Stage, 126

Atlas Mountains, 69

Australia, 109, 125, 155

B.

Balearic Is., 70

Balkans, 69

Baltic Interstadial, 64

Banded clays, 49, 93

Baraba steppes, 121

Barkans, 65

Barrell, 159

Beddard, 115

Belfast, 130

Biloculina, 133

Blytt, 127

Bonneville, Lake, 93

Brazil, 101

British Isles, 57, 62, 64, 136

Brögger, 129

Bronze Age, 138

Brückner, 49, 57, 154

Buenos Aires, sand-dunes, 125

Bühlstadium, 119

C.

Calabrian, 68

Cambrian, 33

Campbell Is., 102

Canada, post-glacial, 132

Cape Colony, raised beaches, 133

Carbon dioxide, 19

Carboniferous, 34

Caspian, 83, 143, 153

Chamberlin, 19

Champlain Stage, 123

Chellean, 51

Cherry, 160

Chile, rainfall fluctuations, 157

China, 81, 139

Chronology, 48, 92

Chudeau, 106

Classical Rainfall Maximum, 140

Climatic Record, 132

Coleman, 92

Colorado, 94

Continentality, 25

Continental Phase, 120

Continents, movement of, 21

Cordilleran glaciation, 87

Corsica, 69

Craig, 72

Cretaceous, 37

Crete, Neolithic, 163

Croll, 18

Cro-Magnards, 161

Cyrenaica, desiccation, 142

D.

Daun-stadium, 119

David, 110

Dead ice, 132

Denmark, continental phase, 122

Depressions, path of, 47, 60, 71, 122, 139

Devonian, 34

Diluvium, 48

Don Valley, 91

Douglass, 143

Drakensberg Mountains, 103

Drought in Forest Period, 139

Drumkelin Bog, 137

Dunes, fossil, 65

Frisian, 140

E.

Early Iron Age, 141

Earth’s Orbit, eccentricity of, 18

Earthworms, 115

East Anglia, 47, 57

Eccentricity of Earth’s Orbit, 18

Ecuador, 99

Egypt, 72

Eoanthropus, 161

Eocene glaciation, 37

Etosha Pan, 107

Europe, 49, 55, 118, 127, 136, 154

Evans, 163

Evolution of Man, 155

F.

Fairgrieve, 138

Falkland Is., 97

Fennoscandian Pause, 119

Finiglacial, 118

Finland, post-glacial, 120, 128

Florida, 95

Forest bed, 47, 51

period, 122, 136

Forests, submerged, 137

Formby and Leasowe Beds, 130

Fossil ice, 59, 78

Franz Josef Land, 130

Frech, 20

Freydenberg, 106

Frisian dunes, 140

Fucino, Lago di, 154

Fucus in Spitzbergen, 130

G.

Gable Island, 98

Galaxiidæ, 115

Geer, G. de, 49, 93, 118

Geikie, J., 51, 81

Geographical theory, 22

Geological formations, 31

rhythms, 38

Gibbon, 140

Gibraltar, 69, 70

Gila conglomerate, 95

Glacial anticyclone, 55

stages, 48

Globigerina, 133

Glossopteris, 35

Gondwanaland, 34, 35

Gotiglacial, 118

Graham Land, glaciation, 114

Great Basin, America, 89, 93, 124

Great Lakes, history, 123

Great Salt Lake, 93

Greece, Heroic Age, 164

Greenland, 131, 156

Gregory, 104

Grimaldi Race, 161

Gschnitz Stadium, 119

Gunz Glaciation, 56

Gunz-Mindel Interglacial, 50, 51, 56

H.

Haplochitonidæ, 115

Hazel, post-glacial extension, 122

Hedley, 116

Heidelberg Man, 161

Height and temperature, 26

Hildebrandsson, 157

Himalayas, 81

Hobley, 105, 107

Hohokam, 150

Hume, 72

Humphreys, 20

Huntington, 141, 144, 150, 153, 162

I.

Ice on Danish coasts, 155

Iceland, 125, 156

Illinoian glaciation, 90

Ingo Is., forests, 122

Iowan Glaciation, 90

Ireland, glaciation, 57, 62, 64

Heroic Age, 138

Iroquois, Lake, 123

Isohalines, 127

J.

Japan, 81

Jurassic, 37

K.

Kalahari, 107

Kamchatka, 80

Kansan, 88

Karst flora, 121

Kashmir, 143, 153

Keewatin, 88, 91

Keidel, 99

Kenya, 103

Kilimanjaro, 103

Kioga, Lake, 104

Kitchen-midden, 125

Kosciusko, 109

Kreichgauer, 20

Kupffer, 121

L.

Labradorean Glaciation, 87, 89, 90

Lahontan, Lake, 93

Lena Valley, 78

Leverett, 91, 92

Limestone Agglomerate, 70

Littorina, 128

Loess, 52, 83, 91, 112

Lofoten Islands, 61

Lop-Nor, 83, 153

M.

Mackenna, 157

Maglemose culture, 125

Malta, 69

Mammoths, frozen, 79

Marsupials, 115

Mathew, 160

Maumee, Lake, 123

Maya ruins, 151

Mediæval Rainfall Maximum, 164

Medicine Bow Range, 94

Mediterranean, 68, 142

Mesopotamia, Empires, 139

Mexico, culture, 151

Meyer, 99

Micmac Stage, 124

Mindelian Glaciation, 49, 69

Mindel-Riss Interglacial, 50

Miocene, 44

Mombasa, 105

Mono Basin, 94

Montelius, 163

Mousterian Man, 63

Munthe, 118

Murgoci, 66

Murman coast, 130

N.

Najas, 129

Neanderthal Man, 161

Negro, 142

Neolithic, 122, 131, 136, 163

migration, 125, 163

Neudeckian, 51

Neuhauss, 111

Newfoundland, 87, 90

New Guinea, 111

New Siberian Islands, 78

New South Wales, 125

New Zealand, 111, 125, 133

Ngami, Lake, 107

Niagara, 93, 132

Nile, 72, 119

Nordenskjold, 117

Nordic Race, 125

Norfolkian, 51

North America, 86, 122, 132, 141, 149

North Sea, 56, 61

Norway, 51, 55, 129

O.

Obliquity of Ecliptic, 16, 120

Old Red Sandstone, 34

Optimum of Climate, 127

Ordovician, 33

P.

Pajaritan, 150

Palmyra, 142

Pamirs, 77

Pampean, 100, 125

Patagonia, post-glacial, 133

Patom Highlands, 78

Peat-bog Period, 140

Penck, 49, 51

Pendulation Theory, 20

Peorian, 91

Permian, 35

Persia, 84, 142

Peru, 99

Pettersson, 134, 145

Piedmont ice-sheets, 57, 109

Piltdown Man, 161

Pithecanthropus, 160

Pliocene, 47

Pluvial periods, 71, 140

Poles, motion of, 20, 40

Pre-Cambrian Glaciation, 33

Proterozoic Glaciation, 32

Pueblo ruins, 150

Pulse of Asia, 153

Pumpelly, 84, 163

Pyrenees, 57

Q.

Quaternary Ice Age, 47

R.

Ragunda, Lake, 49

moraines, 121

Reid, 138

Retreat of the Ice, 49

Riss Glaciation, 49, 61

Riss-Wurm Interglacial, 50, 53

Rixdorf, 62

Rodgers, 133

Romania, 66

Ruwenzori, 103

S.

Sagas, 141, 146

Sahara, 74, 105

Sangamon, 90

Scania, 49

Schmidt, 53

Scotland, 57, 61, 64

Scrobicularia Zone, 130

Selsey, 58

Sequoia, 143

Shell-banks, 47, 56

Siberia, 78

Sicilian, 70

Sierra Nevada, 93, 94

Sievers, 99

Silurian, 33

Skærumhede, 63

Slugs, 115

Smith, Elliott, 159

Solar radiation, 15

South America, 97, 125, 132, 157

South Georgia, 97

South Orkneys, 114

Spitaler, 18

Spitzbergen, 80, 130

Stanovoi Mountains, 79

Steppe climate, 53

Stone rivers, 98

Submerged forests, 137

Suess, Lake, 104

Sunspots, 145

Susa, Neolithic, 163

Sven Hedin, 84

Sweden, 49, 56, 118

Syria, 72

T.

Tapes, 129

Tasmania, 109

Tchad, 106

Tertiary, 42, 116

Thracia Zone, 131

Tian-Shan Mountains, 77

Tibet, 82

Tidal friction, 39

Tide-generating force, 134, 145

Tierra del Fuego, 97, 133

Tillite, 32

Titicaca, Lake, 101

Toronto Stage, 91

Trapa, 129

Trasimeno, Lake, 154

Tree-rings and rainfall, 143

Turbarian, 140

Triassic, 37

Tyndall, 19

U.

Uinta Mountains, 94

Unio in Niagara, 132

Ural Mountains, 57

V.

Venezuela, 100

Verkhoiansk Mountains, 79

Victoria Nyanza, 104

Vikings, 164

Volcanic dust, 16, 20

Vollossovitsch, 79

W.

Wales, 57, 64

Warren, Lake, 123

Wasatch Mountains, 93, 94

Wayland, 104

Wegener, 20, 34

Wernert, 53

White Sea, 130

Wine harvest, 155

Winters, severe, 155

Wisconsin Glaciation, 91, 92

Wolf, 145

Wurm Glaciation, 48

Y.

Yarmouth Stage, 88

Yoldia Sea, 50, 124

Yucatan, 151

Yukon, 124

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