INDEX

INDEX

A

Adams, John, on Virginia Resolutions, 77; attitude on Stamp Act question, 90, 91; defends soldiers, 129; incurs popular displeasure, 129, 152; retires from public affairs, 152; part in Mass. controversy, 185; journeys to first Continental Congress, 200, 208-212; at first Continental Congress, 203, 212-213, 233-234, 235, 236-237; on Prohibitory Act, 242-243; idea of Independence, 245; to draft Declaration of Independence with Jefferson, 253; urges Jefferson to write Declaration, 254. Adams, Samuel, Sugar Act protest, 63; abhorrence of Boston riots, 85; attitude on Stamp Act question, 91; assembles town meeting, 128; drafts circular letter, 134-136; on Hutchinson, 150; Otis suspicious of, 152; life and character, 153-158, 160-163; portrait by Copley, 159; leader in crisis, 163-165; 175; controversy with Hutchinson, 176 et seq.; goes to first Continental Congress, 200. Adams, Samuel, the elder, 154. Alsop, John, 211, 232. Amherst, Jeffrey, General, 36. Annual Register, 150. Army, Continental, Congress decides to raise, 235. Association of 1774, 219-220, 225-226, 241.

B

Barré, Isaac, Colonel, quoted, 47, 82. Beckford, Alderman, quoted, 41. Bedford, Duke of, 121. Bedford, Grosvenor, Collector of Customs at port of Philadelphia, 13-17. Bernard, Francis, Governor of Mass., corruption, 20; changes in colonial government, 21, 22; and finance, 76; unable to protect Customs Commissioners, 126; succeeded by Hutchinson, 152; letters to England, 191, 192. Bernard, Nat, Captain of the Liberty, 124. Billeting Act, see Mutiny Act. Blainville, see Céloron de Blainville. Bland, Richard, 66, 71, 74. Boston, Stamp Act riots, 83-86; Customs Commissioners at, 124; Liberty sloop riot, 124-126; regiments active in (1768), 126-127; Massacre (1770), 127-128; town meeting demands removal of troops, 128; merchants enter non-importation agreement, 39; Hutchinson’s account of government, 173-174; town meeting, 174-175; tea party, 199, 206; Port Bill, 207, 222. Boston Gazette, 81, 182. Brattle, James, 233. “British-American Parliament,” plan for, 216. Burke, Edmund, on passing Stamp Act, 48-49; opinion of Townshend, 118. Bute, Lord, resignation as premier, 16 (note).

C

Camden, Lord, 103. Canada, Franklin urges England to retain, 5; question of retaining, 53, 54. “Caucus Club,” 159. “Caulkers’ Club,” 158. Céloron de Blainville, 32-33. Chase, Samuel, 237. Chase, Thomas, 83. Chatham, Earl of, see Pitt. Cockle, James, Collector of Customs for the port of Salem, 20. Coercive Acts, 207, 222. Colden, Cadwallader, Lieutenant-Governor of N. Y., 87-88. Colonies, governors urge reforms, 21-22; defense of, 29 et seq.; lack of coöperation among, 37; relation of assemblies and governors, 38; population, 50-51; wealth, 51-52; trade, 53-55; governors, 58-61; legislative independence, 131; see also Army, Commerce, Conciliation, Taxation, and colonies by name. Commerce, trade with West Indies, 26, 28; increase (1748-1760), 54; colonial merchants agree to non-importation, 139-140; London merchants petition Parliament, 141; effects of non-importation agreement, 143-147. Conciliation, Galloway’s plan, 216; Pitt’s plan, 221-222; North’s plan, 223-224; 231; Dickinson advises petition, 233-235; Great Britain to make concessions, 239. Concord (Mass.), battle, 229-230. Continental Congress, first, Mass. delegates, 201; reasons for calling, 201-208; non-importation question, 213-215; question of authority, 214; “Suffolk Resolves,” 215-216, 217; conciliation plan rejected, 216; dissensions in, 217; Declaration of Rights, 218; Association, 219-220; accomplishments, 220; adjourns, 220. Continental Congress, second, meets, 225; moderate men in, 231; Dickinson’s petition, 233-235; raises army, 235; Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking up Arms, 235-236; question of war or reconciliation, 237 et seq.; opens ports, 243-244; idea of independence, 245-246. Conway, H. S., presents bill for repeal of Stamp Act, 108. Curling, Captain, 205. Cushing, Thomas, 200. Customs, colonial duties, 24 et seq.; Townshend duties, 123; Board of Commissioners, 124; Liberty sloop riot, 124-126; protest against Townshend duties, 131 et seq.; duties repealed except on tea, 142-143, 148-149.

D

Dartmouth, Earl of, opinion of first Continental Congress, 220; petition presented to, 242. Dawes, William, 229. De Berdt, Dennys, 134. Declaration of Independence, 245, 253-256. Declaration of Rights, 218. Declaratory Act, 114. Delaware, on question of independence, 252, 253. Dickinson, John, quoted, 98; Farmer’s Letters, 131-134; on conduct of East India Company, 204-205; advises conciliation petition to King, 233-235; for conciliation, 243; attitude toward independence, 252, 253. Dowdeswell, William, 120. Duane, James, 211, 214, 232. Dulaney, Daniel, Considerations on the Propriety of Imposing Taxes on the British Colonies, 108 (note), 113-114.

E

East Indian Company, Government suggests taking over possessions, 117; sends tea to colonies, 199, 202-206. England, of Franklin’s day, 4-5, 7; sinecures in, 12 et seq.

F

Finance, revenues from America, 16; debt of England, 18, 23; taxes, 23-24; colonial customs, 24 et seq.; Stamp Tax, 39 et seq.; plan to take over possessions of East India Company, 117; land tax, 120; Townshend duties, 123-124; Dickinson distinguishes between kinds of duties, 131-134; reasons for decay of business in New York, 144-146; see also Customs, Taxation. Fleming, John, 70. Fox, C. J., quoted, 208. France cedes possessions to England, 30. Franklin, Benjamin, commissioned to London by Assembly of Pa. (1757), 1-2; delays going to accommodate Loudoun, 2-3; journeys to London, 4; pamphlet urging retention of Canada, 5; opinion of colonial loyalty, 5; life in England, 6-7; returns to Philadelphia, 8; desired to return to England, 8-10; opinion as to relations between Britain and colonies, 10-11; Plan of Union rejected, 37; description of American attitude toward defense, 38; as colonial agent, 44-45; on rights of colonies, 50; The Increase of Mankind …, 51; The Interest of Great Britain Considered, 54; opinion of Stamp Act, 65; opinion as to union of colonies, 78; examined in Parliament on tax question, 104-107; opinion of rights of Parliament in the colonies, 137-138; letters to first Continental Congress, 215, 217; Pitt discusses conciliation plan with, 221; consulted as to North's conciliation plan, 222-223; votes for independence, 253. Friends of Liberty and Trade, 147. Fur-trade, 27.

G

Gadsden, Christopher, quoted, 80. Gage, Thomas, General, 199, 207, 208, 229, 230. Galloway, Joseph, at first Continental Congress, 214, 215; conciliation plan, 216; in second Continental Congress, 232. George III, attitude toward Stamp Act, 99 et seq.; quoted, 200. Georgia, unrepresented in Stamp Act congress, 79. Gordon, William, quoted, 74. Grenville, George, Premier, 13; character, 15; letter to Walpole, 16; government efficiency, 17; interest in revenue, 19-20; content with colonial government, 22; budget, 23-29; plan of colonial defense, 39; plans stamp tax, 40-41; answers colonial agents concerning stamp tax, 42; postpones stamp tax, 43; consults Franklin, 44-45; perfects stamp tax plan, 45-46; quoted, 98; dismissed from ministry, 100, 101; leader of Opposition, 102-103, 119. Gridley, Jeremiah, 91, 167. Guadeloupe, 5, 53, 54.

H

Halifax, Earl of, Colonial Secretary, 21, 22. Hallowell, Benjamin, 84. Hancock, John, defies Stamp Act, 95; celebrates repeal of Stamp Act, 98; Liberty sloop riot, 124-126; during period of waning enthusiasm, 152, 153; relations with Samuel Adams, 179; in Mass. Assembly, 193, 196; violation of non-importation agreement, 203. Hawley, Major, 185, 213. Henry, Patrick, in House of Burgesses (1765), 67; personal characteristics, 69-70; for Virginia Resolutions, 71, 72, 73; in first Continental Congress, 212, 214. Hillsborough, Earl of, advises against Stamp Act, 40; censures Mass. circular letter, 131, 142, 164-165. Howe, Richard, Earl, Admiral, 222. Hughes, John, 65. Hume, David, Franklin corresponds with, 6; quoted, 7. Hutchinson, Anne, 165. Hutchinson, Thomas, on colonial rights, 56-58; in Stamp Act riot, 84-85; adjourns Boston superior court, 91; orders troops to retire from Boston, 128-129; made Governor of Mass., 152-153; quoted, 150; life and character, 165-170; ideas of liberty, 170-174; relations with Samuel Adams, 175 et seq.; letters, 193-195, 196-198; History of Massachusetts Bay, 195; leaves for England, 199.

I

Indians, side with big battalions, 33-34; reservations, 35-36. Ingersoll, Jared, 65, 82, 98.

J

Jackson, Grenville’s secretary, 40, 46. John Jay, 210, 233, 240. Jefferson, Thomas, in House of Burgesses, 71; quoted, 200; drafts Declaration of Independence, 253-256. Jenkinson, Charles, British Secretary of the Treasury, 39. Jenyns, Soame, on Stamp Act, 109-113. Johnson, Conn. agent, 151, 176. Johnston, George, 70, 71.

K

Kames, Lord, Franklin corresponds with, 6. Kirk, Thomas, 124, 125.

L

La Galissonière, Marquis de, acting Governor of Canada, 32. Lamb, John, 94, 146. Lee, Arthur, 187, 242. Lee, R. H., 65-66, 212, 251. Lexington, Battle of, 229-230. Liberty sloop riot, 124-126. Livingston, Philip, 87-90, 211, 239. Loudoun, Earl of, commander of forces in America, 2, 3, 4. Low, Isaac, N. Y. deputy to Continental Congress, 210, 215.

M

M’Culloh, of North Carolina, 39. MacDougall, Alexander, 146, 147, 210. Mansfield, Lord, 103, 107, 109. Marshall, James, 124, 125. Marshall, Thomas, 67. Maryland, effect of non-importation agreement, 140. Massachusetts, protests against Sugar Act and Stamp Act, 61-64; yields to acts granting duties, 65; proposes Stamp Act Congress, 78-79; censured for circular letter by Hillsborough, 130-131; Suffolk Resolves, 215-216; Parliament claims right to alter charter, 222-223; Provincial Congress, 228; see also Boston. Mauduit, Jasper, Mass. agent, 24. Mayhew, Jonathan, 85. Minerva, The (ship), 199. Molasses Act (1733), 26. Morris, Robert, 253. Morton, 253. Mutiny Act, 239.

N

Navigation and Trade acts, 28-29. New Jersey declines to send delegate to Stamp Act Congress, 79. New York, Stamp Act Congress, 79-80; stamp riots in, 87-90; Assembly refuses to abide by Quartering Act, 122; merchants agree on non-importation, 139; effect of non-importation agreement, 140; decay of business, 144-146; permitted to issue Bills of Credit, 148; non-importation agreement set aside, 148; tea not to be imported, 148-149; vote for independence, 252, 253. Newfoundland fisheries prohibited to colonies, 224. Newport Mercury, 75. Nicholas, R. C., 66, 76. Non-importation, agreements, 139; results, 140-141, 144-146; London merchants protest, 141; discontinued, 148-149; Association of 1774, 219-220, 225-226, 241. Non-intercourse, 239. North, Lord, sought by Pitt to replace Townshend, 121; proposes partial repeal of Townshend duties, 129; Resolution on Conciliation, 223 et seq.. North Carolina, effect of non-importation agreement, 140.

O

Ohio Company, 32, 34. Oliver, Andrew, 82-84, 91, 198. Otis, James Jr., on parliamentary rights, 65; on Virginia Resolutions, 77; and Stamp Act question, 91; Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved, 113; in 1770, 152; aids father in soliciting chief-justiceship, 167; a leader in Boston, 175; deserts Adams, 179. Otis, James, Sr., and chief-justiceship, 167.

P

Paine, R. T., 200. Paine, Thomas, Common Sense, 247-251. Paris, Peace of, 10. Parson’s Cause, 69. Pendleton, Edmund, 66, 71, 74. Penn, Richard, 242. Pennsylvania, effect of non-importation agreements, 140; on question of independence, 252. Philadelphia merchants’ attitude toward non-importation, 139. Pitt, William, ministry, 5; and colonies, 30, 38, 40; refuses to succeed Granville, 101; in behalf of America, 103-104; refers to Dulaney’s pamphlet, 108 (note); becomes Earl of Chatham and Prime Minister, 115-121; conciliation plan, 221-222. Pontiac uprising, 36. Pownall, Thomas, Administration of the Colonies, 49. Preparedness, policy of, 31. Preston, Thomas, Captain, 129. Proclamation of 1763, 35. Prohibitory Act, 242, 243.

Q

Quartering Act, 39, 114. Quincy, Josiah, 129.

R

Randolph, Peter, Colonel, 72. Randolph, Peyton, in House of Burgesses, 66; and Virginia Resolutions, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76. Revere, Paul, 229. Rigby, Master of the Rolls in Ireland, 18-19. Robinson, John, 66, 69. Rockingham, Marquis of, Prime Minister, 101, 102; and repeal of Stamp Act, 107-108; Pitt succeeds, 115. Rodney, Cæsar, 252. Romney, The (ship), 125, 126. Rutledge, Edward, 213, 214, 220.

S

Sandwich, Lord, 222. Seabury, Samuel, Westchester Farmer, 226, 227, 245. Seville, Sir George, 104. Sewell, Jonathan, opinion of Virginia Resolutions, 76, 77. Shelburne, Earl of, 107, 119. Sherman, Roger, 244. Smith, Francis, Colonel, 229, 230. Smith, William, of N.Y., quoted, 52. Sons of Liberty, 82, 92, 93-97, 146, 151. South Carolina, unrepresented in Stamp Act Congress, 79; effect of non-importation agreement, 140. Stamp Act, proposed, 39-41; reception of proposal, 41; Grenville argues for, 42; postponement of, 43; Franklin consulted, 44-45; provisions, 45; discussion in Parliament, 46-48; passed, 48; Virginia Resolutions, 70-77; Congress, 78-81, 88; resisted in Boston, 82-86; rioting in N. Y., 87-90; Sons of Liberty, 92-95; repealed, 98 et seq. Stevenson, Mary, 8. Story, William, 84. Strahan, William, 7, 8. Suffolk Resolves, 215-216, 217, 227. Sugar Act (1764), 28; burdensome to colonies, 56; protest in Mass., 61-64; memorial against, 67; modified, 114.

T

Taxation, on colonies, 24-25, 27-29; 39 et seq.; parliamentary right, 56-58, 65, 106, 130; and representation, 81, 110-111; internal and external, 106, 109, 119, 123; see also Customs, Stamp Act, Sugar Act, Townshend duties. Temple, Earl, 101. Toovey, Samson, statement of, 20. Townshend, Charles, Lord of the Treasury, 21, 39; speech on Stamp Act, 47; questions Franklin, 106; opinion of internal and external taxes, 109, 130; Paymaster of the Forces, 115; as Chancellor of Exchequer, 116, 117; Stamp Act, 118-119; with Opposition, 120-121; colonial policy, 122-124, 130. Townshend duties, 123; opposition to, 124 et seq.; partial repeal, 142-143. Tucker, Josiah, 206. Tudor, Deacon, quoted, 84, 86.

V

Virginia, aristocracy of, 66; Burgesses protest against Sugar Act, 67; against Stamp Act, 70-76; unrepresented in Stamp Act Congress, 79; effect of non-importation agreement, 140. Virginia Resolutions, 71-77.

W

Walpole, Horace, quoted, 5, 12; patron of Bedford, 13-15; optimism of, 150. Walpole, Robert, 13, 32. Warren, James, 236. Warren, Dr. Joseph, 185, 229. Washington, George, 235. West Indies, sugar plantations represented in Parliament, 26. Wilson, James, 253. Writs of assistance, 77 (note). Wythe, George, 66, 71, 74, 76, 244.

Z

Zubly, J. J., 237-239.