INDEX

Abbot's Ripton, 61 Arable, 11; area reduced, 22, 24, 27, 54-56, 70, 80; barren, 12, 16-17, 23, 47, 49, 55-56, 58, 62, 70, 72, 79, 81, 97-99, 101, 106; fertility restored, 13, 41-42, 46-47, 81-82, 98-99, 101, 103; converted to pasture, 11-12, 14, 18-19, 23, 27-28, 30, 32, 35-36, 58, 71, 84, 88, 90, 99; cultivation resumed, 12, 15-16, 31, 33, 84, 99-101; lea strips, 41, 79-84, 87, 106; enclosed, 83-84, 102 Ashley, 33 Bacon, 99 Bailiff-farming, 50, 70, 73-74 Ballard, 20, 50, 59-60, 63, 70, 77 Barley, 37, 56 Beggars, 70 Berkeley estates, 23, 27, 58, 63, 83 Black Death, 16, 18-23, 38, 41, 56-57, 60, 67 Bolam, 80 Bond land deserted, 16, 21, 56-57, 60-61, 66, 70, 72; refused, 59; no competition for, 21; vacant, 22-23, 57-58, 62, 66, 72; compulsory holding of, 21, 57, 59-60, 62, 72; leased, 23, 57, 62, 75-76; rents of, 16, 20-21, 57-58, 63, 66-68 Brightwell, 68 Burwell, 61 Cattle, 48-49, 69, 91, 102 Carew, Survey of Cornwell, 33 Chatteris, 70 Clover, 102, 104 Combe, 51 Commissions on enclosure, engrossing, etc., 15, 30, 84 Common-field system, 11, 48, 85; stability of, 82, 85, 87, 103; disintegration of, Chapter III Commutation of villain services, 19, 56-57, 64-69, 73, 105 Concessions to villains, 57, 59, 62-64, 66, 69; see villain services, rents Conversion, arable to pasture, 11-12, 14, 18-19, 23, 27-28, 30, 32, 35-36, 39-43, 58, 71, 84, 88, 90, 99; pasture to arable, 19, 31, 34-36, 39-43, 84; both, 19, 35-36, 39-43, 84; reconversion of open-field land formerly laid to grass, 13, 15-16, 31, 33, 84, 99-101 Convertible husbandry, 41-42, 81-82, 84, 102 Corbett, 78 Corn-laws, 33-34 Cornwall, 33 Cost of living, 92 Crawley, 59 Crops, 48, 102-104 Cross-plowing, 78 Cunningham, 32 Curtler, 13 Demesne, leased, 19-20, 57, 73; intermixed with tenant land, 94-95 Denton, 13, 27, 91 Depopulation, 27-30, 94, 96 Desertion, 16, 21, 56-57, 60-61, 66, 70, 72 Downton, 50, 68 East Brandon, 79 Emparking, 27 Enclosed land, pasture, 33, 87; tilled, 83-84, 102; convertible husbandry, 41-42, 81, 84, 101-102 Enclosure, defined, 11-12; progress of, 27-43, 87-88; early, 16, 18-19, 22-23, 27, 58; seventeenth century, 12, 17, 31, 35-37, 39, 88; eighteenth century, 31, 103-104; causes, see productivity, soil-exhaustion, prices; social consequences, 15, 29-30, 97, see depopulation, unemployment, eviction; literature of, 14-15; opposition to, 82, 93; effect on quality of wool, 33; for sheep-farming, 12, 19, 22, 24, 28, 37, 42-44, 83-84, 87-88, 90, 96, 98; enclosed land cultivated, 83-84, 102 Engrossing, 75; see holdings, amalgamation of Eviction of tenants, 12, 15, 27, 30, 38, 90, 94, 96 Fallow, 11, 47, 85, 87, 106; see pasture, lea land Fertility, see productivity, soil-exhaustion; fertility restored, 13, 41-42, 46-47, 81-82, 98-99, 101, 103 Fines, 59 Fitzherbert, 41, 77-79, 81-82, 91 Forage, 49, 91, 102 Forncett, 51, 61, 63, 84 Gay, Professor E. F., 15, 96, 102 Gonner, E. C. K., 13, 88 Gorleston, 77 Grafton Park, 34 Gras, Norman, 51 Gray, H. L., 79 Grazing, 11, 18, 46; profits from, 80; see sheep-farming, pasture Hales, John, 86, 89, 92, 100 Harrison, Description of Britain, 89 Hasbach, 13 Hawsted, 100 Hay, 48-49, 91, 102 Heriots, 69 Holdings, deserted, 16, 21, 56-57, 60-61, 66, 70, 72; refused by heir, 59; vacant, 22-23, 57-58, 62, 66, 72; intermixed, 11, 77-78, 85, 94-95; amalgamated, 12, 56, 74-75; divided, 76 Holway, 41 Houses, destruction of, 90 Husbandry, Anonymous, 51 Innes, 32 Isle of Wight, 28, 76 Labor, supply of, 18, 22-23, 38, 41; see wages, unemployment Landlords, enclosure by, 12, 96, 100, 106 Leadam, 102 Lea-land, 41, 79, 80-84, 87, 106 Lee, Joseph, 101 Leicestershire, 15 Leonard, E. M., 15, 27, 35-36, 40, 88 Levett, A. E., 20, 50, 59-60, 63, 70, 77 Manorial system, readjustments in fourteenth century, 19 et seq. Manure, 41-42, 46-50, 78, 90, 102; see sheep-fold, marl Markets, local, 105 Marl, 46, 50, 90-91, 104 Meadow, 48-49 Meredith, 32 Merton College, 51 Money-economy, 105; see commutation of services Monson, Lord, 34 More, Sir Thomas, 29-30 Nailesbourne, 60, 64 North, Lord, 90 Northwald, 104 Open-field land, see common-field system, enclosures, lea-land Page, 60-61, 68 Pasture, waste, 46, 49, 93; fallow pasture, 11, 49, 82, 85, 93; lea strips, 41, 79-84, 87, 106; enclosed, 33, 82, 87; converted to arable, 19, 31, 34, 36, 39-43, 84; profits of, 12, 18, 30, 32-33, 107; leased, 100 Pauperism, see poverty Pembroke, 41 Population, 34 Poverty, villains, 16, 21, 56, 59, 67-69, 72, 106; small tenants, 87, 90-91, 97 Prices, sixteenth century, 92; wool and wheat, 12, 17-19, 24-33, 36-37, 40, 53; seventeenth century, 36-37 Productivity, 14, 38, 41, 44-48, 50-56, 90; see soil-exhaustion Profits, tillage, 22, 34, 39, 41, 58, 70, 72, 89-92; pasture, 12, 18, 30, 32-33, 96, 107 Protests against enclosures, 14-15, 38 Prothero, 13 Reconversion, pasture to arable, 12, 15-16, 31, 33, 84, 90, 101 Rents, 16, 20-21, 57-58, 63, 66-68, 73, 89-90, 95 Rogers, J. T., 17, 26, 31, 39 Rotation of crops, 11, 103-104 Rothamsted Experiment Station, 44 Rous, 27, 88 Russell, 44, 46-47, 49 Seager, 17 Seligman, 17 Sheep, 12, 29 Sheep-farming, 12, 19, 22, 24, 28, 37, 42-44, 83-84, 87-88, 90, 96, 98 Sheep-fold, 49-50 Simkhovitch, 13, 17, 47-48, 91 Smyth, John, 23, 58 Soil-exhaustion, 12, 16-17, 23, 47, 49, 55-56, 58, 62, 70, 72, 79-81, 97-99, 101, 106 Statutes of husbandry, 28, 30, 39-40, 75-76, 88, 97-99 Stiffkey, 103 Stock and land lease, 73 Strips, 11, 85, 94-95; exchanged, 77 Tawney, 77 Tenants, elimination of, 87; evicted, 12, 15, 27, 30, 38, 90, 94, 96; poverty, 87, 90-91, 97; enclosure by, 15, 82-87; opposition to enclosure, 82, 93; rents of, 89-90, 95 Therfield, 60, 61 Turf-borders, 11; plowed under, 78 Turnips, 102-104 Tusser, 41, 79, 82 Twyford, 59 Unemployment, 28, 30, 38 Utopia, 29-30 Villains, poverty, 16, 21, 56, 59, 67-69, 72, 106; compelled to take land, 21, 57, 59-60, 62, 72; desertion of, 16, 21, 56-57, 60-61, 66, 70, 72; social status with relation to commutation, 20, 57, 65, 67-68 Villain-services, 58-59; reduced, 21, 62-64, 72; commuted, 19-20, 56-57, 62, 64-69, 73, 105; sold, 64, 66, 105; excused, 70-71; leased, 73; retained, 67 Vinogradoff, 65-66 Virgate, 74; value of services, 62-63 Wages, 18, 36-39, 72-73 Walter of Henley, 51, 53 Waste, 12, 46, 49, 93, 98 Westmoreland, Countess of, 36 Weston, 61, 68 Westwick, 80 Wheat, yield, 47, 50-56, 90; prices, 12, 17-19, 24-31, 32-33, 36-37, 40, 53 Whorlton, 80 Winchester, Bishopric of, 20, 50, 51-54, 60-61, 63, 70, 77 Witney, 51-53, 55-56, 67-68 Wool, demand for, 12, 22, 24-25, 29, 32, 42, 43; price of, 12, 17-19, 22, 24-33; quality, 33 Woollen industry, expansion of, 12, 22, 24-25 Woolston, 59 Young, Arthur, 104