INDEX.

Abascal, 96, 117, 118, 166, 225, 226, 416 Action of America upon Europe, 25 —— the Revolution, 459 Affiliation of the Revolution of South America, 13 Aldao, 125, 247, 248, 261, 262 Alvarez Jonte, 86, 192, 228 Alvear, 34, 36, 44, 47, 50, 61, 62, 78, 79, 110, 462 Alvarado, 127, 137, 147, 170, 176, 178, 183, 195, 215, 217, 218, 241, 242, 250, 251, 285, 426, 427, 429, 432, 433, 434, 435, 437, 447, 462 Arenales, 67, 69, 234, 241, 243, 246, 247, 248, 251, 261, 262, 263, 276, 410, 432, 435, 446, 485 Arismendi, 327, 345, 352, 357, 365, 369, 373, 374, 376, 380, 398 Armistice of Punchauca, 256 —— Trujillo, 400 Army of the Andes, 125, 136, 448 —— Apure, 368, 400 —— Centre, 372, 374 Arrival of Morillo’s Expedition at Cumaná, 356 Assassination of Rodriguez, 183 —— Monteagudo, 460 Atero, 140, 141 Aymerich, 237, 320, 406, 408, 411, 412

Balcarce, A. G., 61, 125, 164 —— Marcos, 61, 102, 169, 177, 194 Barañao, 103, 148 Baraya, 317, 319, 363 Barreiro, 393, 394, 396, 397, 398 Battle of Ambato, 408, 415 —— Aragua, 373 —— Araure, 340 —— Ayacucho, 456 —— Ayohuma, 61 —— Balaga, 361 —— Barbula, 335 —— Boca-Chica, 348 —— Bomboná, 409 —— Boyacà, 397 —— Calabozo, 384 —— Carabobo, 348, 402 —— Cepeda, 218 —— Chacabuco, 147 —— Cojedes, 385 —— El Cerrito, 53 —— El Gavilán, 153 —— El Roble, 101 —— Guadalito, 367, 377 —— Hogaza, 382 —— Huamanga, 248 —— Jenay, 406 —— Junin, 451 —— La Florida, 70 —— La Puerta, 344, 349, 385 —— Las Trincheras, 335 —— Las Queseras del Medio, 393 —— Maipó, 106, 177, 178, 179 —— Matasiete, 381 —— Mocha, 319 —— Moquegua, 434 —— Mosquitero, 338 —— Ocumare, 347, 371 —— Ospino, 344 Battle of Pasco, 247 —— Quebrada-Honda, 372 —— Pichincha, 412 —— Pitayo, 406 —— Playon del Juncal, 373 —— Salta, 60 —— San Carlos, 98 —— San Felix, 377 —— San Lorenzo, 58 —— San Marcos, 341 —— Suipacha, 37 —— Torata, 434 —— Tucuman, 50 —— Unare, 375 —— Urica, 351 —— Vargas, 396 —— Vilcapugio, 61 —— Yahuachí, 408 —— Zepita, 439 Beauchef, 156, 207, 208 Belgrano, 49, 52, 60, 61, 62, 73, 129, 163, 214, 471 Beltrán, 127, 140, 142 Bermudez, José F., 325, 328, 349, 350, 351, 352, 357, 359, 369, 372, 374, 376, 379, 381, 386, 387, 401, 404 —— Bernardo, 325, 328 Blanco-Encalada, 104, 178, 188, 190, 191, 193, 200, 202, 203, 291 Bogado, 59 Bolívar, 118, 143, 164, 180, 185, 196, 231, 233, 236, 252, 270, 282, 285, 293, 294, 295 —— His person, parentage, and education, 301; his marriage, return, and second trip to Europe, 301; his mission to London, 302; his character, 303; meets Miranda, 303; returns with him to Caracas, 304; is present at the capture of Valencia, 306; is placed in command at Puerto-Cabello, 309; is deserted by his troops and flies, 309; at La Guayra he with others imprisons Miranda, 311; he is allowed to leave the country, 311; retires to Curaçoa, 321; is appointed to a command by Cartagena, 321; commences to show his genius, 321; conceives the idea of reconquering Venezuela, 322; crosses the mountains and wins his first victory, 322; publishes a memorial, 322; Government accepts his idea, 329; makes him a brigadier-general, 330; he publishes a decree of extermination against Spaniards, 330; and defeats the Royalists in several engagements, 332; synopsis of his campaign, 333; he enters Caracas in triumph, 333; and gives himself the title of “Liberator,” 334; he lays siege to Puerto-Cabello, 334; fulminates another decree against American Royalists, 334; defeats the Royalists at Las Trincheras, 335; institutes the military order of “The Liberators,” 336; is defeated at Barquisimeto, 339; concentrates his troops and defeats Ceballos at Araure, 340; he marches to Puerto-Cabello, 340; is compelled to retire on Valencia, 342; he convenes an Assembly at Caracas, 343; resigns his Dictatorship but is reappointed, 344; makes a treaty with Mariño, 344; entrenches himself at San Mateo, 346; and repulses several attacks, 346; defeats Cajigal at Carabobo, 348; but is himself defeated by Boves at La Puerta, 349; and retreats to Aragua, 349; but is driven out by Morales and retires on Barcelona, 350; embarks at Güiria to protect treasure, and returns to find himself proscribed as a traitor, on which he gives up the treasure and retires to Curaçoa, 350; he returns to New Granada, 354; is put in command of a force sent against Cundinamarca, takes Bogotá, and is named Captain-General, 354; lays siege to Cartagena, 355; he retires to Jamaica, 355; publishes a memorial, 355; narrowly escapes assassination, 368; goes to Santo Domingo, 368; organizes an expedition at Cayos de San Luis and sails for the mainland, 369; is named “Supreme Chief” at Margarita, 370; addresses a proclamation to the people of Venezuela, 370; decrees liberty to slaves, 370; from Carúpano sails to Ocumare, 371; is defeated by Morales and flies to Bonaire, 371; and from Güiria returns to Haiti, 372; is recalled to Barcelona, 374; is defeated at Unare, 375; goes to Guayana, 376; is appointed to a Junta, 378; he organises a flotilla, 378; discovers a conspiracy against him and shoots Piar, 379; sends an address to the Argentine people, 382; goes up the Orinoco, 382; drives Morillo before him from Calabozo, 384; and marches to Aragua, 384; is defeated by Morillo at La Puerta, 385; receives reinforcements and drives La Torre to San Carlos, 385; his men are dispersed in a night attack, 385; returns to Angostura, 387; sends Santander to occupy Casanare, 387; prepares for the convention of a Congress, 388; and declines the intervention of the Great Powers, 388; is elected President of Venezuela, 389; he recruits auxiliary troops in Europe, 390; and resolves to reconquer New Granada, 393; he joins Santander in Casanare, 394; and crosses the Andes, 395; encamps at Sagamoso, 396; fights an indecisive action at Vargas, 396; and wins a complete victory at Boyacá, 397; he enters Bogotá in triumph, 397; and returns to Angostura, 398; Congress decrees the establishment of the Republic of Columbia, 399; Bolívar is named provisional President, 399; he arranges an armistice with Morillo, 400; reopens the campaign and wins a decisive victory at Carabobo, 402; he enters Caracas in triumph, 403; and is named President of Columbia, 403; he sends Sucre to Guayaquil, 407; proposes to aid San Martin, 408; Marches on Quito, 409; wins the battle of Bomboná, 409; and retreats to Patia, 409; enters Quito in triumph, 413; and goes on to Guayaquil, 420; annexes that province to Columbia, 421; he receives San Martin as an honoured guest, 421; his conference with San Martin, 422; he offers to assist Peru, 431, 436; sends Sucre to Peru with 3,000 men, 437; enters Lima in triumph, 441; Proctor’s description of him, 442; his projects, 443; concentrates his forces at Pativilca, 447; is appointed Dictator, 449; he retreats to Trujillo, 450; marches on Jauja, 450; his cavalry routs the Royalist horse at Junin, 451; he returns to Lima and the Congress of Columbia abrogates his extraordinary powers, 453; he again collects troops at Pativilca, 454; summons an American Congress, 454, 460; his resignation is declined, 461; tendency of his policy, 462; his triumphal march to Potosí, 462; he confers with Argentine envoys, 463; founds the Republic of Bolivia, 463; character of his work, 463; Conspiracy against him at Lima, 464; is appointed perpetual President, 465; draws up a plan for a “Grand confederation of the Andes,” 465; he returns to Bogotá, 466; summons a Convention at Ocaña, 467; becomes a military Dictator and narrowly escapes assassination, 467; declares war against Peru, 468; he resigns office, 469; his life in retirement, 472; his death, 473; his remains are brought back to Caracas and buried there with great pomp by Paez in 1842, 488 Borgoño, 178, 199 Boves, 308, 328, 336, 337, 338, 341, 344, 346, 347, 348, 349, 351, 353 Bowles, Captain, 164, 166 Brandzen, 235 Brayer, 155, 168, 172, 176 Brown, 78, 120, 121, 122, 484 Brion, 369, 370, 372, 374, 378, 380, 387, 393 Buchardo, 121, 122

Cabot, 137, 139 Cajigal, 306, 326, 328, 331, 337, 340, 341, 347, 348, 349 Callao, description of, 201 —— first attack on, 201 —— second attack on, 204 Caldas the philosopher, 363 Calzada, 344, 347, 348, 352, 358, 361, 362, 363, 376, 377, 382, 397, 406 Camba, 229, 233, 234, 258, 266 Campbell, 391 Campo-Elias, 338, 344, 345, 346 Cancha-rayada, 104, 170 Cangallo burned, 248, 293 Canning, 6 Canterac, 243, 250, 258, 260, 263, 264, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 289, 292, 294, 380, 382, 432, 433, 434, 437, 448, 451, 452, 455, 457 Capture of the Esmeralda, 237 —— Intrepido and Rita, 369 —— Maria Isabel, 191 —— Resolucion, 273 —— Barcelona, 376, 399 —— Barinas, 332, 341, 381 —— Bogotá, 354 —— Calabozo, 339, 341 —— Caracas, 333, 401 —— Chagres and Portobelo, 404 —— Chiloe, 458 —— Coro, 405 —— Cumaná, 328, 351, 404 —— Guayaquil, 468 Capture of Lima, 437 —— Maracaibo, 405 —— Maturin, 325, 352 —— Mérida, 330 —— Pamplona, 361 —— Popayán, 406 —— Puerto-Cabello, 405 —— San Carlos, 347 —— San Fernando, 385, 400 —— Santa Marta, 405 —— Trujillo, 330 —— Valdivia, 208 —— Valencia, 306, 308, 332, 349 —— Victoria, 372 Carrera, José Miguel, 34, 61, 91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 106, 107, 109, 110, 124, 158, 195, 276 —— Juan, José, 91, 92, 93, 99, 100, 101, 102, 162, 181 —— Luis, 91, 92, 93, 98, 100, 103, 106, 162, 181 —— Doña Javiera, 91, 162, 195 —— Ignacio, 96 Castillo-Rada, 322, 329, 355, 359, 361 Ceballos, 331, 339, 340, 341, 347, 348, 349 Cedeño, 352, 368, 374, 375, 376, 379, 385, 386 Chacabuco, description of Plain of, 144, 145 Character of Arenales, 263 —— Paez, 366 —— Sucre, 407 Charles, Colonel, killed at Pisco, 205 Chillán, 97, 99, 101, 103 Chiloe, 97, 98, 101, 151, 209, 458 Chincha, fever at, 266 Civil war in Chile, 106 —— New Granada, 320, 355 Cochrane, 192, 193, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209, 212, 219, 231, 232, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 251, 265, 266, 267, 269, 270, 272, 273, 277, 280, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 485 Cochrane attempts a private treaty with La Mar, 273 Colonial Policy, 10 Colonisation of Spanish America, 7 —— North America, 9 —— Chile, 80 Concepcion, 97, 100, 101, 104, 194 Condarco, 128, 129, 130, 159, 188, 192 Conde, 126, 137, 156 Confiscations of Spanish property, 266, 267, 276, 295 Conference at Chuquisaca, 463 —— Guayaquil, 422, 424 —— Miraflores, 233, 258 —— Potosí, 462 —— Punchauca, 255, 256, 257 —— Retes, 250, 251 Congress at Angostura, 388 —— Bogotá, 315, 468 —— Caracas, 305 —— Cariaco, 378 —— Cúcuta, 403 —— Ibague, 316 —— Lima, 428, 441 —— Santiago, 88 —— Tucuman, 128 Congreve rockets made in Valparaiso, 203, 478 Conspiracy of the Carreras, 159, 162 —— to betray Callao, 265 Constitution of 1812, 25 Convention of Rancagua, 218 Cordillera of the Andes, 132 Córdoba, 412, 450, 455, 456, 467, 468 Cost of the war to Spain, 185 Cramer, 126, 137 Creole, the, of South America, 21 Cruelties of the Royalists, 324, 325, 338, 344, 349, 350, 351, 352, 361, 363, 376, 381 —— the Patriots, 327, 328, 330, 339, 345, 361, 375, 381, 398

D’Albe, 155, 176, 240 Declaration of Independence at Bogotá, 316 Declaration of Independence at Caracas, 305 —— Cartagena, 316 —— Guayaquil, 237 —— Lima, 272 —— Maracaibo, 401 —— Panama, 404 —— Santiago, 168 —— Tucuman, 129 —— Veraguas, 404 —— by Ecuador, 473 —— Venezuela, 468 D’Eluyar, 330, 335, 340, 349, 350 Description of Callao, 201 —— Cartagena, 359 —— Chacabuco, 144, 145 —— “Flecheras,” 373 —— Island of Margarita, 326 —— Peru, 223, 245 —— Royalist levies by Camba, 357 —— “Taravitas,” 321 —— the Northern Zone, 296, 299 —— the Plain of Maipó, 175 —— Upper Peru, 65 —— Valdivia, 206 Dehesa, 170, 246, 247, 462 Devereux, 391 Disaster at Ica, 294 Dispersion of Cancha-rayada, 170 —— El Desaguadero, 439 Dorrego, 73, 88

Earthquake, the great, of 1812, 37, 307 Effect of the Revolution, 28 Elections, first in Perú, 227 Emancipation of North America, 11 English, 391 Escalada, 137, 147, 177, 195 Europe, state of, in fifteenth century, 6 Evacuation of Margarita, 374 —— Talcahuano, 180 Execution of Carrera, Juan José, 181 —— Luis 181 Execution of Carrera, José Miguel, 276 —— Patriot prisoners, 449 —— Royalist prisoners, 398 —— La Pola, 364 —— Piar, 397 —— San Bruno, 149 —— Torres, &c., 363 —— Two conspirators in Buenos Ayres, 195 Expedition from Cayos, 369 —— Haiti, 374 —— Triste, 325 —— of Canterac, 380 —— Morillo, 356 Exploits of the Chilian Squadron, 188, 190, 192

Falucho, death of, 448 Fate of the Emancipators of South America, 471 Ferrier, 402 Flag of Army of the Andes, 130 —— Chile, 95 —— Columbia, 399 —— Mexico, 254 —— Peru, 234 —— Venezuela, 305 Flecheras, Description of, 373 Flotilla, Patriot, destroyed at Lorondo, 307 Foreign Auxiliaries in Venezuela, 390, 391 Formation of the Chilian Navy, 186, 187 Freyre, Ramon, 121, 122, 137, 140, 152, 153, 154, 168, 178, 180, 194, 207, 219

Gainza, 103, 104, 105 Gamarra, 229, 261, 262, 294, 437, 438, 439, 466 Garcia del Rio, 255, 274, 286, 288 Gauchos, the, of Salta, 75 Gilmour, 391 Girardot, 330, 332, 335 Godoy Cruz, 138, 163, 218 Guayaquil, 236, 294, 317, 318, 404, 407, 410, 414, 416 Güemes, Martin, 74, 76, 166, 229, 485 Guido, 125, 161, 172, 199, 250, 255, 414, 429 Guise, 191, 205, 219, 238, 239, 288, 291, 440, 448, 453, 468

Hall, Captain Basil, 258 Heroism of Ricaurte, 347 Hillyar, 105 Hippesley, 391 Horse Marines, 383

Institution of “The Legion of Merit,” by O’Higgins, 161 Institution of “The Order of the Sun,” by San Martin, 283 Institution of “The Order of the Liberators,” by Bolívar, 336 Instructions given to Morillo, 356 International Law, A New, 2 Interview between San Martin and La Serna, 257 Interview between San Martin and Bolívar, 422 Invasion of Spain by Napoleon, 23 Irizarri, 103, 161, 196 Iturbide, 253, 254, 255

Jujui, 75

Lautaro Lodge, see “Sociedad.” La Aurora de Chile, newspaper, 95 Lafayette, 6 La Mar, 273, 280, 282, 416, 431, 450, 455, 456 Lanza, 267, 292, 432, 439 La Pola, death of, 364 Las Heras, 102, 103, 106, 107, 110, 124, 137, 140, 141, 142, 152, 153, 155, 156, 171, 173, 174, 176, 177, 179, 218, 219, 232, 273, 274, 281, 285, 446, 486 La Serna, 166, 226, 229, 242, 243, 250, 251, 255, 257, 258, 259, 261, 263, 274, 278, 292, 293, 295, 432, 439, 450, 452, 455 La Torre, 363, 374, 376, 377, 378, 379, 382, 383, 385, 400, 401, 402, 405, 408 Lavalle, Juan, 141, 246, 247, 410, 411, 420, 434, 486 Liberal ideas, effect of, on the Royalist armies, 229, 249 Liberating army of Peru, 230 Lima, the Capua of the liberating army, 277 Lircay, treaty of, 105 Llaneros, the, 299, 337, 339, 341, 348, 358, 362, 364, 367, 373, 377, 387 Loriga, 250, 251, 278, 292 Loss of the Intrepido, 208 —— San Martin, 269 —— San Pedro, 358 Lozano, 316, 363, 471 Luzuriaga, 163, 414, 415

Macaulay, 318 Macduff, Lord, 36 MacGregor, 369, 372, 373, 391, 399 Mackenna, 97, 99, 100, 103, 104, 105 Manning, 156 March of Canterac across a desert, 278 Marcó del Pont, 119, 130, 134, 135, 140, 145, 148, 149, 198 Mariño, 325, 327, 331, 334, 341, 342, 343, 344, 346, 348, 349, 350, 351, 355, 369, 370, 372, 373, 374, 376, 378, 379, 386, 398, 404 Maroto, 145, 146, 149, 292 Martinez, Enrique, 141, 218, 433, 435, 436 Massacre of a boat’s crew, 240 —— at Calabozo, 308, 339 —— Juan Griego, 381 —— La Guayra, 345 —— Ocumare, 344 —— Pasto, 319 —— Quito, 313 —— San José, 308 —— San Juan de los Morros, 308 Medina, 153, 177 Melian, 137, 142 Mendoza, 109 Mendez, Luis, 301, 390, 391 Mercurio Peruano, newspaper, 224 Mexico, 21, 105, 252, 253, 254, 300 Miller, 187, 190, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 209, 251, 262, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 281, 431, 435, 450, 452, 454, 455, 456, 487 Miranda, early life of, 16; he establishes a secret society in London, 17; his first attempt at revolution, 18; he meets Bolívar in London, 303; and returns with him to Caracas, 304; his cordial reception, 304; is appointed to draw up a constitution, 304; he organises a political club, 305; he is sent against Valencia, 305; which he captures, 306; he is named Dictator, 308; he marches on Valencia and entrenches himself, 308; he retreats to Victoria, 309; repels several attacks on his position, 309; the slaves rise against the Patriots, 309; the Patriots lose faith in him, 310; he capitulates and withdraws to La Guayra, 310; he is made prisoner by his officers, 311; and is sent to Spain, where he dies in a dungeon, 311, 471 Mission of Alzaga from Buenos Ayres, 446 Monagas, 352, 368, 372, 373, 375, 381, 384, 386, 387 Monarchy, attempts at, in South America, 26, 185, 213, 234, 257, 286, 468 Montalvo, 320, 353, 355, 364 Monteagudo, 48, 50, 181, 183, 198, 272, 274, 275, 283, 286, 288, 295, 426, 427, 450, 460 Monteverde, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 325, 326, 332, 334, 335, 337, 353 Monte Video, 52, 54, 60, 78, 86 Montilla, 347, 355, 359, 369, 392, 393, 399, 400, 401, 405 Montufar, 315, 317, 318, 363, 471 Morales, 328, 336, 337, 338, 345, 346, 350, 351, 352, 353, 357, 358, 360, 361, 362, 372, 373, 386, 392, 402, 405 Moral Revolution of South America, 15 Morgado, 153, 177, 198 Morillo, 112, 116, 180, 233, 252, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 374, 376, 377, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 392, 393, 396, 397, 400 Morla, 177, 197, 198 Mosquera, 416, 444, 445, 469, 472, 473 Mounted Grenadiers, the, 44, 54, 124, 420, 448 Murdering Expedition of Briceño, 329 Murder of Castillo de Ruiz, 319 —— General Solano, 33 —— Córdoba, 468 Murgeón, 408, 409, 411 Mutiny at Callao, 447 —— San Juan, 217

Nariño, 15, 316, 319, 320, 321 Naval-capacities of Chile, 186 Necochea, 127, 137, 141, 147, 148, 450, 451, 487 New Granada, characteristics of, 313

O’Brien, 158, 176, 179, 183 —— Captain, 187 Occupation of Lima, 259 O’Connell, 391 O’Donohu, 255 O’Higgins, 83, 89, 93, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 127, 137, 140, 145, 146, 147, 148, 152, 153, 154, 155, 159, 161, 162, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 176, 178, 181, 190, 195, 196, 199, 218, 289, 290, 295, 388, 429, 450, 471, 487 Olañeta, 229, 432, 435, 439, 450, 458 Ordoñez, 148, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 167, 169, 170, 175, 177, 178, 179, 197, 198 O’Reilly, 247 Osorio, 106, 117, 118, 167, 168, 169, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, 183

Paez, 352, 366, 367, 373, 374, 376, 377, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 387, 392, 393, 400, 401, 402, 404, 405, 466, 468, 487 Pareja, 96, 98 Parliamentary system established in Chile, 88 Parroissien, 128, 286 Passage of the Andes by San Martin, 140, 141 —— Bolívar, 395, 396 Peru, description of, 223, 224, 225, 245 Peruvian Infantry, the, 66 Petión, 368, 369, 370, 372 Pezuela, 69, 73, 75, 77, 116, 118, 166, 180, 201, 226, 229, 233, 234, 241, 249, 250 Piar, 325, 326, 328, 329, 350, 351, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 471 Pitt, his sympathy with America, 17 Plan of Iguala, the, 254, 255 Plan, the, of Emancipation, 2 Poinsett, 95, 97 Posadas, 62 Prætorianism, advent of, 413 Preparations in Spain for a last expedition, 211 Primo de Rivera, 168, 169, 170, 175, 177, 197, 198 Pringles, 198, 241, 242 Proclamations, 230, 231, 232, 234, 260, 330, 370, 380, 387, 388, 413 Proctor’s description of Bolívar, 442 Pueyrredón, 129, 137, 158, 159, 161, 163, 185, 199 Pumacahua, 227, 228 Public Library endowed by San Martin at Santiago, 150

Quimper, 232, 233, 246 Quintana, 160, 161, 163, 171, 178 Quiroga, 198 Quito, 22, 233, 236, 270, 293, 300, 312, 313, 317, 318, 319, 400, 404, 407, 408, 410, 411, 412, 413, 467

Races, the, of South America, 19 Rancagua, 106, 218 Reaction at Bogotá, 362 —— Coro and Maracaibo, 300, 304, 306 —— Guayana, 307 Recognition of new Republics by United States, 5 Representative system, the first, established in South America at Buenos Ayres, 444 Repulse at Angostura, 375 —— Chiloe, 209 —— Coro, 304 —— Guarico, 384 —— Ortiz, 385 —— San Carlos, 348 —— San Mateo, 347 —— Valencia, 306 —— Victoria, 308 Revolt of the Canarians at Caracas, 305 Revolt at Valencia, 305 Revolt on Island of Margarita, 327, 365 Revolution, first throes of, in South America, 21 —— of 1812, Buenos Ayres, 51 —— of 1820, in Spain, 216 —— at Bogotá, 314 —— Caracas, 300 —— Cartagena, 313 —— Casanare, 313 —— Guayaquil, 236 —— Maracaibo, 401 —— Pamplona, 314 —— Santiago, 83 —— Socorro, 314 —— Trujillo, 243 Ricafort, 248, 261, 262, 273 Riva-Agüero, 274, 426, 427, 431, 436, 437, 440, 441, 442, 446 Rivadavia, 161, 443, 444, 445, 446, 463, 471 Rivas, 332, 339, 345, 347, 348, 350, 351, 352 Robertson, William Parish, 56 Rodil, 174, 179, 448, 449, 458 Rodriguez, Manuel, 120, 135, 152, 163, 172, 182, 183 —— Simon, tutor of Bolívar, 301, 302, 424 Rondeau, 53, 61, 110, 116, 211, 212, 213, 214, 217 Royalist Armies, strength of, 229 Royal Commission from Spain, 445 Rozas, Juan Martinez de, 82, 86, 87, 90, 93, 95 Ruiz de Castillo, 300, 313, 318, 319

Salta, Province of, 75 Sámano, 180, 319, 320, 364, 397, 398, 408 Sanchez, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 148, 152, 180, 191, 194, 282 San Juan, 109 San Luis, 109 San Martin, his birth and parentage, 31; he joins the Spanish army, 32; his campaigns against the French, 35; he returns to Buenos Ayres, 36; his personal appearance, 39; he organizes the mounted grenadiers, 44; he founds the Lautaro Lodge, 47; he joins in the revolution of 1812, 51; he fights the action of San Lorenzo, 58; and takes command of the Army of the North, 62; he entrenches a camp at Tucuman, 73; he draws up a secret plan of campaign, 79; he is appointed Governor of Cuyo, 79; reaches Mendoza, 109; is elected Governor by the Cabildos, 111; he establishes spies in Chile, 119; and organises the Army of the Andes, 125; he treats with the Indians, 134; the equipment of the army, 136; he marches from Mendoza, 139; encamps in the valley of Putaendo, 142; wins the battle of Chacabuco, 147; and occupies Santiago, 148; he endows a public library and returns to Buenos Ayres, 150; arranges for a fleet on the Pacific and for an alliance with Chile, 158; he marches against Osorio, 168; his army is dispersed at Cancha-rayada, 170; he reorganizes the army at Maipó, 173; and wins a complete victory, 177, 178, 179; he again visits Buenos Ayres, 184; he plans an expedition to Periu, 196; and withdraws a part of his army from Chile, 196; disregards the orders of Government, 214, 215; and returns to Chile, 216; he convenes a meeting of officers at Rancagua, 218; is appointed generalissimo of the united army, 219; on the eve of sailing he issues a proclamation to his fellow-countrymen, 230; the instructions given him by the Chilian Government, 231; his plan of campaign, 231; he lands at Pisco, 232; treats with the Viceroy, 233; he establishes by decree the flag and escutcheon of the Republic of Peru, 234; re-embarks, leaving Arenales behind him, 234; his plans, political and military, 234; he sails past Callao, 235; lands a detachment at Ancon, 235; and sails for Huacho, 240; lands and encamps in the valley of Huara, 240; the “Numancia” battalion deserts to him, 242; he is joined by the northern provinces, 243; he advances to Retes, 243; is joined by Arenales, and retires, 244; he publishes a “Provisional Regulation,” 244; is invited to a conference by La Serna, 250; he arranges an armistice, 257; and meets the Viceroy, 257; he enters Lima, 259; recalls Arenales from the Highlands, 264; he sends Cochrane and Miller to the south, 266; his position, 271; he convenes a meeting of citizens, 272; and adopts the title “Protector of Peru,” 274; he issues rigorous decrees against the Spaniards, 275; the Royalists attempt to relieve Callao, 278; he sees Cochrane for the last time, 280; he declines to attack Canterac, 280; he organises a Peruvian army, 283; institutes the “Order of the Sun,” 283; the municipality of Lima gives a subsidy to the officers of the army, 284; he discovers a conspiracy against him, 284; his ideas of legislation, 285; his dispute with Cochrane, 287; he summons a Congress, 293; sends another expedition to Ica, 293; attempts to treat with the Viceroy, 295; he sends a contingent to assist Sucre, 410; sails to Guayaquil, 421; he meets Bolívar, 421; his conference with him, 422; he returns to Peru, 423; his opinion of Bolívar, 423; his letter to Bolívar, 425; his letter to O’Higgins, 427; he draws up a plan for a new campaign, and opens the first Congress of Peru, 428; his abdication, 428; leaves Peru for ever, 429; and retires to Mendoza, 429; he organizes an auxiliary force, 436; he is besought to return to Peru, 440; returns to Buenos Ayres, 471; goes to Europe, 472; returns to be insulted, and goes back, 472; is assisted by Aguada, 473; he bequeaths his sword to Rozas, 474; his death, 474; his remains are brought back to Buenos Ayres, 474 San Martin, Maria Mercedes de, 149, 199, 472, 474 Santa Cruz, 410, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440 Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 65 Santander, 387, 393, 394, 398, 450, 453, 461, 466, 468 Saraza, 352, 368, 372, 373, 376, 381, 382, 384, 387 Sequence of causes, the, 418 Ships burned at Callao by Guise, 448 Siege of Callao, 272, 273, 280, 282, 458 —— Cartagena, 360, 361, 401, 404 —— Chillán, 100 —— Cumaná, 374 —— Puerto-Cabello, 334, 335, 340, 348, 349 —— Rancagua, 107 —— San Fernando, 374, 377 —— Talcahuano, 155, 156 —— Valencia, 348 Skeenen, 391 Skirmish at Achupallas, 141 —— Carora, 306 —— Chancay, 236, 241 —— Guachipas, 76 —— Guardia-Vieja, 141 —— Mirave, 268 —— Rio Bamba, 411 —— San Fernando, 374 —— San José, 308 —— Wasca, 246 Sociedad de Lautaro, 33, 47, 50, 60, 125, 149, 160, 163, 184, 199, 211 Soler, 124, 137, 140, 141, 145, 146, 147 Soublette, 369, 372, 400 Spano, Colonel, death of, 103 Spry, 191, 219, 288 Successes of Nariño, 320 Sucre, 378, 407, 408, 410, 411, 415, 437, 438, 440, 450, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 461, 464, 465, 466, 468, 471, 472 Surrender of the Prueba and Venganza, 290 —— Valencia, 305 Sutherland, Robert, 368

Talca, 97, 103, 104, 152, 167, 168, 169 Talcahuano, 97, 104, 106, 152, 154, 155, 167, 179, 194 “Taravitas,” 321 Thompson, 178 Torices, 317, 321, 322, 362, 363 Torres, Camilo, 314, 320, 322, 323, 330, 354, 361, 363, 471 Torre-Tagle, 243, 293, 294, 295, 426, 441, 446, 447, 448 Tragedy of San Luis, 197, 198 Treaty between Columbia and the Argentine Congress, 445 Tristan, 293, 294

University of Lima, 225 Upper Peru, 22, 61, 62, 65, 227, 300 Urdaneta, 332, 335, 342, 344, 347, 348, 349, 352, 354, 378, 391, 393, 399, 401, 473 Uzlar, 391

Valdés, 229, 235, 241, 250, 258, 261, 262, 278, 279, 294, 432, 433, 434, 439, 450, 452, 455, 456 Valdivia, 97, 98, 101, 151, 195, 206, 207, 208 Venezuela, 24, 299

Warnes, 67, 69 Wellesley, Marquis of, 302 Wilson, 387, 391

Yañez, 337, 339, 340, 341, 344

Zapiola, 34, 36, 44, 127, 137, 146, 147, 177, 180, 194 Zea, 369, 378, 389, 398 Zuazola, 325, 334