Chapter II
Reading edition
TABLES OF ANALYSIS.
ANALYSES OF THE ASHES OF CROPS.
No. I.
Wheat. Wheat Straw. Rye. Rye Straw.
Ashes in 1000 dry parts 20 60 24 40
Silica (sand) 16 654 5 645
Lime 28 67 50 91
Magnesia 120 33 104 24
Peroxide of Iron 7 13 14 14
Potash 237 124 221 174
Soda 91 2 116 3
Chlorine 11 5
Sulphuric Acid 3 58 10 8
Phosphoric Acid 498 31 496 38
No. II.
Corn. Corn Stalks. Barley. Barley Straw.
Ashes in 1000 dry parts. 15 44 28 61
Silica (sand) 15 270 271 706
Lime 15 86 26 95
Magnesia 162 66 75 32
Peroxide of Iron 3 8 15 7
Oxide of Manganese 1
Potash 261 96 136 62
Soda 63 277 81 6
Chlorine 2 20 1 10
Sulphuric Acid 23 5 1 16
Phosphoric Acid 449 171 389 31
No. III.
Oats. Oat Straw. Buck Wheat. Potatoes.
Ashes in 1000 dry parts 20 51 21 90
Silica (sand) 7 484 7 42
Lime 60 81 67 21
Magnesia 99 38 104 53
Peroxide of Iron 4 18 11 5
Potash {262} 191 87 557
Soda 97 201 19
Chlorine 3 32 43
Sulphuric Acid 104 33 22 137
Phosphoric Acid 438 27 500 126
Organic Matter 750 Water.
No. IV.
Peas. Beans. Turnips. Turnip Tops.
Ashes in 1000 dry parts 25 27 76 170
Silica (sand) 5 12 71 8
Lime 53 58 128 233
Magnesia 85 80 48 31
Peroxide of Iron 10 6 9 8
Potash 361 336 398 286
Soda 91 106 108 54
Chlorine 23 7 37 160
Sulphuric Acid 44 10 131 125
Phosphoric Acid 333 378 67 93
Organic Matter 870 Water.
No. V.
Flax. Linseed. Meadow Hay. Red Clover.
Ashes in 1000 dry parts 50 46 60 75
Silica (sand) 257 75 344 48
Alumina (clay) 37?
Lime 148 83 196 371
Magnesia 44 146 78 46
Peroxide of Iron 36? 9 7 2
Potash 117 240 236 267
Soda 118 45 19 71
Chlorine 29 2 28 48
Sulphuric Acid 32 23 29 60
Phosphoric Acid 130 365 58 88
No. VI.
Amount of Inorganic Matter removed from the soil by ten bushels of grains, etc., and by the straw, etc., required in their production—estimated in pounds:
Wheat. 1200 lbs. Wheat Straw. Rye. 1620 lbs. Rye Straw.
Potash 2.86 8.97 2.51 11.34
Soda 1.04 .12 1.33 .20
Lime .34 4.84 .56 5.91
Magnesia 1.46 2.76 1.18 1.58
Oxide of Iron .08 .94 .15 .88
Sulphuric Acid .03 4.20 .11 .05
Phosphoric Acid 6.01 2.22 5.64 2.49
Chlorine .79 .30
Silica .14 47.16 .05 42.25
Pounds carried off 12 72 11½ 66
No. VII.
Corn. 1620 lbs. Corn Stalks. Oats. 700 lbs. Oat Straw.
Potash 2.78 6.84 1.69 12.08
Soda 19.83
Lime .12 6.02 .39 3.39
Magnesia 1.52 4.74 .64 1.59
Oxide of Iron .57 .02 .78
Sulphuric Acid .36 .66 1.41
Phosphoric Acid 4.52 12.15 2.80 1.07
Chlorine 1.33 .02 1.36
Silica .06 19.16 .18 20.32
Pounds carried off 9 71 6½ 42
No. VIII.
Buck Wheat. Barley. 660 lbs. Barley Straw. 2000 lbs. Flax.
Potash 1.01 1.90 2.57 11.78
Soda 2.13 1.18 .23 11.82
Lime .78 .96 3.88 11.85
Magnesia 1.20 1.00 1.31 9.38
Oxide of Iron .14 .20 .90 7.32
Sulphuric Acid .25 .01 .66 3.19
Phosphoric Acid 5.40 5.35 1.25 13.05
Chlorine .01 .40 2.90
Silica .09 3.90 28.80 25.71
Pounds carried off 11 14 40 100
No. IX.
Beans. 1120 lbs. Bean Straw. Field Peas. 1366 lbs. Pea Straw.
Potash 5.54 36.28 5.90 3.78
Soda 1.83 1.09 1.40
Lime 98.98 13.60 .81 43.93
Magnesia .28 4.55 1.30 5.50
Oxide of Iron .10 .20 .15 1.40
Sulphuric Acid .16 .64 .64 5.43
Phosphoric Acid 7.80 5.00 5.50 3.86
Chlorine .13 1.74 .23 .08
Silica .18 4.90 .7 16.02
Pounds carried off 17 68 16 80
No. X.
1 Ton Turnips. 635 lbs. Turnip Tops. 1 Ton Potatoes. 2000 lbs. Red Clover.
Potash 7.14 4.34 27.82 31.41
Soda .86 .84 .93 8.34
Lime 2.31 3.61 1.03 43.77
Magnesia .91 .48 2.63 5.25
Oxide of Iron .23 .13 .26 .23
Sulphuric Acid 2.30 1.81 6.81 7.05
Phosphoric Acid 1.29 1.31 6.25 10.28
Chlorine .61 2.35 2.13 5.86
Silica 1.36 .13 2.14 5.81
Pounds carried off 17 15 50 118
No. XI.
2000 lbs. Meadow Hay. 2000 lbs. Cabbage Water 9-10
Potash 18.11 5.25
Soda 1.35 9.20
Lime 22.95 9.45
Magnesia 6.75 2.70
Oxide of Iron 1.69 .25
Sulphuric Acid 2.70 9.60
Phosphoric Acid 5.97 5.60
Chlorine 2.59 2.60
Silica 37.89 .35
Pounds carried off 100 45
No. XII.
Composition of Ashes, leached and unleached, showing their manurial value:
Oak unleached. Oak leached. Beech unleached. Beech leached.
Potash 84 — 158 —
Soda 56 — 29 —
Lime 750 548 634 426
Magnesia 45 6 113 70
Oxide of Iron 6 — 8 15
Sulphuric Acid 12 — 14 —
Phosphoric Acid 35 8 31 57
Chlorine 2
No. XIII.
Birch leached. Seaweed unleached. Bituminous Coal unleached.
Potash — 180 2
Soda — 210 2
Lime 522 94 21
Magnesia 30 99 2
Oxide of Iron 5 3 40
Sulphuric Acid — 248 9
Phosphoric Acid 43 52 2
Chlorine — 98 1
No. XIV.
TOBACCO.
Analysis of the ash of the Plant [Will & Fresedius]—
Potash 19.55
Soda 0.27
Magnesia 11.07
Lime 48.68
Phosphoric Acid 3.66
Sulphuric Acid 3.29
Oxide of Iron 2.99
Chloride of Sodium 3.54
Loss 6.95
100.00
Analysis of the ash of the Root [Berthier]—
Soluble Matter 12.3
Insoluble 87.7
The Soluble parts consist of nearly—
Carbonic Acid 10.0
Sulphuric Acid 10.3
Muriatic Acid (Chlorine, &c.) 18.26
Potash and Soda 61.44
100.00
No. XV.
Composition of some of the more common Compounds of Acids and Alkalies.
100 Parts of Contain of the Alkalies Contain of the Acids
Carbonate of Potash (Pearlash) Potash 68.09 Carbonic 31.91
Bi-Carbonate of Potash (Saleratus) do. 51.62 Carbonic 48.38
Nitrate of Potash (Saltpetre) do. 46.56 Nitric 53.44
Silicate of Potash do. 50.54 Silicic 49.46
Carbonate of Soda Soda 58.58 Carbonic 41.42
Bi-Carbonate of Soda (Common Soda)[AR] do. 41.42 Carbonic 58.58
Nitrate of Soda do. 36.60 Nitric 63.40
Sulphate of Soda (Glauber Salts)[AR] do. 19.38 Sulphuric 24.85
Silicate of Soda do. 40.37 Silicic 59.63
Carbonate of Lime (Limestone) Lime 56.29 Carbonic 43.71
Sulphate of Lime (Plaster Paris)[AR] do. 32.90 Sulphuric 46.31
Sulphate of Lime (Burned) do. 41.53 Sulphuric 58.47
Phosphate of Lime do. 54.48 Phosphoric 45.52
Super-Phosphate of Lime do. 28.52 Phosphoric 71.48
Silicate of Lime do. 38.15 Silicic 61.85
Carbonate of Magnesia Magnesia 48.31 Carbonic 51.69
Sulphate of Magnesia (Epsom Salts)[AR] do. 16.70 Sulphuric 32.40
Silicate of Alumina Alumina 17.05 Silicic 72.95
Sulphate of Iron (Green Vitriol)[AR] Oxide of Iron 27.19 Sulphuric 31.03
No. XVI.
Proximate Analyses of Crops, showing the amount of the different Organic Compounds contained in Grain, Roots, Hay, etc.—estimated in pounds:
Water. Husk or Woody Fibre. Starch, Gum and Sugar. Gluten, Albumen, Legumin. Fatty Matter.
10 Bushels.
Wheat 600 lbs. 90 90 330 87 18
Barley 515 lbs. 77 77 309 70 13
Oats 425 lbs. 68 85 255 70 25
Rye 520 lbs. 62 78 312 65 18
Indian Corn 600 lbs. 84 36 420 72 42
Buck Wheat 425 lbs. 64 106 212 34 2?
Beans 640 lbs. 90 61 256 166 16
Peas 640 lbs. 90 58 320 154 14
2000 lbs.
Potatoes 1500 80 360 40 6
Turnips 1760 40 180[AS] 30 6
Carrots 1700 60 200[AS] 30 8
Mangold Wurtzel 1700 40 220[AS] 40 ?
Meadow Hay 280 600 800 140 70
Clover Hay 280 500 800 186 80
Pea Straw 250 500 900 246 30
Rye Straw 270 900 760 26 ?
Corn Stalks 240 500 1040 60 34
100 lbs. Fine Wheat Flour 10 79 11
100 lbs. Wheat Bran 13 55 19 5
No. XVII.
Amount of Ash left after burning 1000 lbs. of various plants, ordinarily dry—
Wheat 20 its straw 50
Barley 30 " 50
Oats 40 " 60
Rye 20 " 40
Indian Corn 15 " 50
Pea 30 " 50
Bean 30
Meadow Hay 50 to 100
Clover " 90
Rye Grass " 95
Potato 8 to 15
Turnip 5 to 8
Carrot 15 to 20
No. XVIII.
MANURES.
HORSE MANURE.
Solid Dung—
Combustible Matter 19.68
Ash 3.07
Water 77.25
100.00
Composition of the Ash—
Silica 62.40
Potash 11.30
Soda 1.98
Oxide of Iron 1.17
Lime 4.63
Magnesia 3.84
Oxide of Manganese 2.13
Phosphoric Acid 10.49
Sulphuric Acid 1.89
Chlorine 0.03
Loss 0.14
100.00
No. XIX.
NIGHT SOIL.
Solid (Ash)—
Earthy Phosphates and a trace of Sulphate of Lime 100
Sulphate of Soda and Potash, and Phosphate of Soda 8
Carbonate of Soda 8
Silica 16
Charcoal and Loss 18
150
Urine
Urea[AT] 30.10
Uric Acid 1.00
Sal Ammoniac[AT] 1.50
Lactic Acid, etc. 17.14
Mucus .32
Sulphate of Potash 3.71
Sulphate of Soda 3.16
Phosphate of Ammonia[AT] 1.65
Earthy Phosphates 3.94
Salt (Chloride of Sodium) 4.45
Silica 0.03
67.00
Water 933.00
1000.00
No. XX.
COW MANURE.
Solid (Ash)—
Phosphates 20.9
Peroxide of Iron 8.8
Lime 1.5
Sulphate of Lime (Plaster) 3.1
Chloride of Potassium trace
Silica 63.7
Loss 2.0
100.0
No. XXI.
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF THE URINE OF DIFFERENT ANIMALS.
Solid Matter. Total.
Organic. Inorganic.
Man 23.4 7.6 31
Horse 27. 33. 60
Cow 50. 20. 70
Pig 56. 18. 74
Sheep 28. 12. 40
No. XXII.
GUANO.
Water 6.40
Ammonia 2.71
Uric Acid 34.70
Oxalic Acid, etc. 26.79
Fixed Alkaline Salts.
Sulphate of Soda 2.94
Phosphate of Soda .48
Chloride of Sodium (salt) .86
Earthy Salts.
Carbonate of Lime 1.36
Phosphates 19.24
Foreign Matter.
Silicious grit and sand 4.52
100.00
For the analysis of fertile and barren soils, see page 72.