INDEX

Abdy, E.S., learned that slaves were taught Abolitionists, interested in the enlightenment of Negroes Account of a pious Negro Actual education after the revolutionary period Adams, Rev. Henry, teacher at Louisville Adams, John, report of James Otis's argument on the Writs of Assistance; views on slavery Address of the American Convention of Abolition Societies African Benevolent Society of Rhode Island, school of African Episcopalians of Philadelphia, school of African Free School of Baltimore African Free Schools of New York African Methodist Episcopal Church, established Union Seminary; purchased Wilberforce Agricultural Convention of Georgia recommended that slaves be taught to read Alabama, law of 1832; provision for teaching Negroes at Mobile; Presbyterians of, interested Albany Normal School, colored student admitted Alexandria, Virginia Quakers of, instructed Negroes; Benjamin Davis, a teacher of Allen, Richard, organized A.M.E. Church; author Allen, W.H., teacher of Negroes Ambush, James E., teacher in the District of Columbia American Colonization Society, The, efforts of, to educate Negroes American Convention of Abolition Societies, The, interested in the education of Negroes; recommended industrial education; addresses of American Union, The, organized; names of its promoters (see note 1 on page 142) Amherstburg, Canada, opened a colored school; established a mission school Anderson, John G., musician Andrew, one of the first two colored teachers in Carolina Andrews, C.C. principal of New York African Free Schools Andrews, E.A., student of the needs of the Negroes Anti-slavery agitation, effect of, on education in cities Appalachian Mountains, settled by people favorable to Negroes Appo, William, musician Arnett, B.W., teacher in Pennsylvania Ashmun Institute, founded; names of the trustees Athens College, admitted colored students Attainments of Negroes at the close of the eighteenth century Auchmutty, Reverend, connected with the school established by Elias Neau Augusta, Dr. A.T., learned to read in Virginia Avery College, established Avery, Rev. Charles, donor of $300,000 for the education and Christianization of the African race

Bacon, Rev. Thomas, sermons on the instruction of Negroes Baldwin County, Alabama, provision for teaching Negroes Baltimore, several colored churches; colored schools of; an adult school of 180 pupils; Sunday-schools; day and night school; Bible Society; African Free School; donation of Wells; donation of Crane; school tax paid by Negroes, note on page—— Banks, Henry, learned to read in Virginia Banneker, Benjamin, studied in Maryland; made a clock; took up astronomy; encouraged by Ellicott; corresponded with Thomas Jefferson Baptist preacher, taught Negroes in South Carolina Baptists, aided the education of Negroes; established school at Bexley, Liberia; changed attitude toward the uplift of Negroes Barclay, David, gave money to build school-house Barclay, Reverend, instructed Negroes in New York Barr, John W., taught M.W. Taylor in Kentucky Baxter, Richard, instructed masters to enlighten their slaves Beard, Simeon, had a school in Charleston Becraft, Maria, established a school in the District of Columbia Bell family, progress of Bell, George, built first colored school-house in District of Columbia Bell School established Benezet, Anthony, advocated the education of Negroes; taught Negroes; believed in western colonization; opinion on Negro intellect; bequeathed wealth to educate Negroes; school-house built with the fund;(see note giving sketch of his career) Berea College, founded Berkshire Medical School had trouble admitting Negroes; graduated colored physicians Berry's portraiture of the Negroes' condition after the reaction Bibb, Mary E., taught at Windsor, Canada Billings, Maria, taught in the District of Columbia Birney, James G., criticized the church; helped Negroes on free soil Bishop, Josiah, preached to white congregation in Portsmouth, Virginia Bishop of London, declared that the conversion of slaves did not work manumission "Black Friday," Portsmouth, Ohio, Negroes driven out Blackstone, studied to justify the struggle for the rights of man; his idea of the body politic forgotten Bleecker, John, interested in the New York African Free Schools Boone, R.G., sketch of education in Indiana Boston, Massachusetts, colored school opened; opened its first primary school; school in African Church; several colored churches; struggle for democratic education; (see also Massachusetts) Boucher, Jonathan, interested in the uplift of Negroes; an advocate of education; (see note on, 56); extract from address of Boulder, J.F., student in a mixed school in Delaware Bowditch, H.J., asked that Negroes be admitted to Boston public schools Bowdoin College, admitted a Negro Bradford, James T., studied at Pittsburgh Branagan advocated colonization of the Negroes in the West Bray, Dr. Thomas, a promoter of the education of Negroes; "Associates of Dr. Bray,"; plan of, for the instruction of Negroes Brearcroft, Dr., alluded to the plan for the enlightenment of Negroes Breckenridge, John, contributed to the education of the colored people of Baltimore Bremer, Fredrika, found colored schools in the South; observed the teaching of slaves British American Manual Labor Institute, established at Dawn, Canada Brown, a graduate of Harvard College, taught colored children in Boston Brown County, Ohio, colored schools of, established Brown, Jeremiah H., studied at Pittsburgh Brown, J.M., attended school in Delaware Brown, William Wells, author; leader and educator Browning family, progress of Bruce, B.K., learned to read, Bryan, Andrew, preacher in Georgia Buchanan, George, on mental capacity of Negroes Buffalo, colored Methodist and Baptist churches of, lost members Burke, E.P., found enlightened Negroes in the South mentioned case of a very intelligent Negro Burlington, New Jersey, Quakers of, interested in the uplift of the colored people Butler, Bishop, urged the instruction of Negroes Buxton, Canada, separate schools established in

Caesar, a Negro poet of North Carolina Calvert, Mr., an Englishman who taught Negroes in the District of Columbia Camden Insurrection, effect of Cameron, Paul C., sketch of John Chavis Canaan, New Hampshire, academy broken up Canada, education of Negroes in; names of settlements with schools; difficulties of races; separate schools; mission schools; results obtained; (see Drew's note on condition of) Capers, Bishop William, opinion on reconstructing the policy of Negro education; plan of, to instruct Negroes; work of, among the colored people; catechism of Cardozo, F.L., entered school in Charleston Carey, Lott, educated himself Cass County, Michigan, school facilities in the colored settlement of Castleton Medical School, admitted Negroes Catholics, interested in the education of Negroes Catto, Rev. William T., author and preacher Cephas, Uncle, learned from white children Chandler, solicitor, of Boston, opinion on the segregation of colored pupils Channing, William, criticized the church for its lack of interest in the uplift of the Negroes Charleston, colored members of church of; Minor Society of; colored schools of, attended by Bishop Daniel A. Payne; insurrection of; theological seminary of, admitted a Negro Charlton, Reverend, friend of Negroes in New York Chatham, Canada, colored schools of Chavis, John, educated at Princeton; a teacher of white youths in North Carolina Chester, T. Morris, student at Pittsburgh Chicago, separate schools of; disestablished Child, M.E., teacher in Canada Churches, aided education through Sabbath-schools Christians not to be held as slaves Cincinnati, colored schools of; Negroes of; sought public support for their schools; a teacher of, excluded a colored boy from a public school; law of City, the influences of, on the education of Negroes; attitude of anti-slavery societies of, toward the education of the Negroes Clapp, Margaret, aided Myrtilla Miner in the District of Columbia; (see note 2) Clarkson Hall Schools of Philadelphia Clarkson, Matthew, a supporter of the New York African Free Schools Cleveland, C.F., Argument of, in favor of Connecticut law against colored schools Cleveland, colored schools of Code Noir, referred to; (see note, 23) Co-education of the races Coffin, Levi, taught Negroes in North Carolina; promoted the migration of Negroes to free soil; traveled in Canada Coffin, Vestal, assistant of his father in North Carolina Cogswell, James, aided the New York African Free Schools Coker, Daniel, a teacher in Baltimore Colbura, Zerah, a calculator who tested Thomas Fuller Colchester, Canada, mission school at Cole, Edward, made settlement of Negroes in Illinois Colgan, Reverend; connected with Neau's school in New York College of West Africa established Colleges, Negroes not admitted; manual labor idea of; change in attitude of Colonization scheme, influence of, on education Colonizationists, interest of, in the education of Negroes Colored mechanics, prejudice against; slight increase in Columbia, Pennsylvania, Quakers of, interested in the uplift of Negroes Columbian Institute established in the District of Columbia Columbus, Ohio, colored schools of Condition of Negroes, in the eighteenth century; at the close of the reaction Connecticut, defeated the proposed Manual Labor College at New Haven; spoken of as place for a colored school of the American Colonization Society; allowed separate schools at Hartford; inadequately supported colored schools; struggle against separate schools of; disestablishment of separate schools of Convention of free people of color, effort to establish a college Convent of Oblate Sisters of Providence, educated colored girls in academy of Cook, John F., teacher in the District of Columbia; forced by the Snow Riot to go to Pennsylvania Corbin, J.C. student at Chillicothe, Ohio Cornish, Alexander, teacher in the District of Columbia Costin, Louisa Parke, teacher in the District of Columbia Cox, Ann, teacher in New York African Free Schools Coxe, Eliza J., teacher in the New York African Free Schools Coxe, General, of Fluvanna County, Virginia, taught his slaves to read the Bible Coxe, R.S., a supporter of Hays's school in the District of Columbia Crandall, Prudence, admitted colored girls to her academy; opposed by whites; law against her enacted; arrested, imprisoned, and tried; abandoned her school Crane, William, erected a building for the education of Negroes in Baltimore Crummell, Alexander, sought admission to the academy at Canaan, New Hampshire Cuffee, Paul, author

D'Alone, contributor to a fund for the education of Negroes Dartmouth, theological school of, admitted Negroes Davies, Reverend, teacher of Negroes in Virginia Davis, Benjamin, taught Negroes in Alexandria, Virginia Davis, Cornelius, teacher of New York African Free Schools Davis, Rev. Daniel, interest of, in the uplift of the people of color Dawn, Canada, colored schools of Dawson, Joseph, aided colored schools Dean, Rev. Philotas, principal of Avery College De Baptiste, Richard, student in a school at his father's home in Fredericksburg De Grasse, Dr. John V., educated for Liberia Delany, M.R., attended school at Pittsburgh Delaware, abolition Society of, provided for the education of the Negroes; law of 1831; law of 1863 Detroit, African Baptist Church of; separate schools of Dialogue on the enlightenment of Negroes about 1800 District of Columbia, separate schools of; churches of, contributed to education of Negroes Douglass, Mrs., a white teacher of Negroes in Norfolk Douglass, Frederick, learned to read; leader and advocate of education; author; opinion of, on vocational education; extract from paper of Douglass, Sarah, teacher of Philadelphia Dove, Dr., owner of Dr. James Durham Dow, Dr. Jesse E., co-worker of Charles Middleton of the District of Columbia Draper, Garrison, studied law after getting education at Dartmouth; an account of Drew, Benjamin, note of, on Canada; found prejudice in schools of Canada Duncan, Benedict, taught by his father Durham, James, a colored physician of New Orleans Dwight, Sarah, teacher of colored girls

Édit du'roi, Education of Colored People, Education of colored children at public expense, (see also Chapter XIII,) Edwards, Mrs. Haig, interest of, in the uplift of slaves, Eliot, Rev. John, appeal in behalf of the conversion of slaves, Ellis, Harrison, educated blacksmith, Ellsworth, W.W., argument of, against the constitutionality of the Connecticut law prohibiting the establishment of colored schools, Emancipation of slaves, effects of, on education, Emlen Institute established in Ohio, Emlen, Samuel, philanthropist, England, ministers of the Church of, maintained a school for colored children at Newport, English Colonial Church established mission schools in Canada, English High School established at Monrovia, Essay of Bishop Porteus, Established Church of England directed attention to the uplift of the slaves, Everly, mentioned resolutions bearing on the instruction of slaves, Evidences of the development of the intellect of Negroes,

Falmouth colored Sunday-school broken up, Fawcett, Benjamin, address to Negroes of Virginia, extract from, Fee, Rev. John G., criticized church because it neglected the Negroes, founded Berea College, Fleet, Dr. John, educated for Liberia, teacher in the District of Columbia, Fleetwood, Bishop, urged that Negroes be instructed, (see note on p.) Fletcher, Mr. and Mrs., teachers in the District of Columbia, Flint, Rev. James, received letters bearing on the teaching of Negroes, Florida, law of, unfavorable to the enlightenment of Negroes, a more stringent law of, Foote, John P., praised the colored schools of Cincinnati, Ford, George, a Virginia lady who taught pupils of color in the District of Columbia, Fort Maiden, Canada, schools of, Fortie, John, teacher in Baltimore, Fothergill, on colonization, Fox, George, urged Quakers to instruct the colored people, Franklin College, New Athens, Ohio, admitted colored students, Franklin, Benjamin, aided the teachers of Negroes, Franklin, Nicholas, helped to build first schoolhouse for colored children in the District of Columbia, Frederic, Francis, taught by his master, Free schools not sought at first by Negroes, Freeman, M.H., teacher; principal of Avery College French, the language of, taught in colored schools; educated Negroes Friends, minutes of the meetings of, bearing on the instruction of Negroes Fugitive Slave Law, effects of Fuller, James C, left a large sum for the education of Negroes Fuller, Thomas, noted colored mathematician

Gabriel's insurrection, effect of Gaines, John I., led the fight for colored trustees in Cincinnati, Ohio Gallia County, Ohio, school of Gardner, Newport, teacher in Rhode Island Garnett, H.H., was to be a student at Canaan, New Hampshire; author; president of Avery College Garrison, Wm. Lloyd, appeal of, in behalf of the education of Negroes; speech of, on education; solicited funds for colored manual labor school Geneva College, change in attitude of Georgetown, teachers and schools of Georgia, prohibitive legislation of; objections of the people of, to the education of Negroes; colored mechanics of, opposed; Presbyterians of, taught Negroes; slaveholders of, in Agricultural Convention urged the enlightenment of Negroes Gettysburg Theological Seminary, admitted a Negro Gibson, Bishop, of London, appeal in behalf of the neglected Negroes; letters of Giles County, Tennessee, colored preacher of, pastor of a white church Gilmore, Rev. H., established a high school in Cincinnati Gist, Samuel, made settlement of Negroes Gloucester, New Jersey, Quakers of, interested in teaching Negroes Gloucester, John, preacher in Philadelphia Goddard, Calvin, argument of, against the constitutionality of the law prohibiting colored schools in Connecticut Goodwyn, Morgan, urged that Negroes be elevated Grant, Nancy, teacher in the District of Columbia Green, Charles Henry, studied in Delaware Greenfield, Eliza, musician Gregg of Virginia, settled his slaves on free soil Grégoire, H., on the mental capacity of Negroes Grimké brothers, students in Charleston

Haddonfield, New Jersey, Quakers of, instructed Negroes Haiti and Santo Domingo, influence of the revolution of Halgy, Mrs., teacher in the District of Columbia Hall, a graduate of Harvard University, teacher in the Boston colored school, Hall, Anna Maria, student in Alexandria, teacher, Hall, Primus, established a colored school at his home in Boston, Hamilton, Alexander, advocate of the rights of man, Hampton, Fannie, teacher in District of Columbia, Hancock, Richard M., studied at Newberne, Hanover College, Indiana, accepted colored students, Harlan, Robert, learned to read in Kentucky, Harper, Chancellor, views of, on the instruction of Negroes, Harper, Frances E.W., poet, Harper, John, took his slaves from North Carolina to Ohio and liberated them, Harry, one of the first two colored teachers in Carolina, Hartford, separate schools of, dissatisfaction of the Negroes of, with poor school facilities, struggle of some citizens of, against caste in education, separate schools of, disestablished, Haviland, Laura A., teacher in Canada, Hays, Alexander, teacher in District of Columbia, Haynes, Lemuel, pastor of a white church, Heathenism, Negroes reduced to, Henry, Patrick, views of, on the rights of man, Henson, Rev. Josiah, leader and educator, Higher education of Negroes urged by free people of color, change in the attitude of some Negroes toward, promoted in the District of Columbia, in Pennsylvania, in Ohio, Hildreth, connected with Neau's school in New York, Hill, Margaret, teacher in the District of Columbia, Hillsborough, North Carolina, influence of the insurrection of, Homeopathic College, Cleveland, admitted colored students, Horton, George, poet, Huddlestone, connected with Neau's school, Humphreys, Richard, gave $10,000 to educate Negroes, Hunter, John A., attended a mixed school,

Illinois, schools of, for benefits of whites, separate schools of, a failure, unfavorable legislation of, separate schools of, disestablished, Indiana, schools in colored settlements of, attitude of, toward the education of the colored people, prohibitive legislation of, Industrial education recommended, Industrial revolution, effect of, on education, Inman, Anna, assistant of Myrtilla Miner, Institute for Colored Youth established at Philadelphia, Institute of Easton, Pennsylvania, admitted a Negro, Instruction, change in meaning of the word Inventions of Negroes; (see note 1) Insurrections, slave, effect of Iowa, Negroes of, had good school privileges

Jackson, Edmund, demanded the admission of colored pupils to Boston schools Jackson, Stonewall, teacher in a colored Sunday-school Jackson, William, musician Jay, John, a friend of the Negroes Jay, William, criticized the Church for its failure to elevate the Negroes; attacked the policy of the colonizationists Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, admitted Negroes Jefferson, Thomas, views of, on the education of Negroes; (see note); letter of, to Abbé H. Grégoire; letter to M.A. Julien; failed to act as Kosciuszko's executor; corresponded with Banneker Jesuits, French, instructed slaves Jesuits, Spanish, teachers of Negroes Johnson, Harriet C., assistant at Avery College Johnson, John Thomas, teacher in the District of Columbia; teacher in Pittsburgh Jones, Alfred T., learned to read in Kentucky Jones, Anna, aided Myrtilla Miner Jones, Arabella, teacher in the District of Columbia Jones, Rev. C.C., a white preacher among Negroes of Georgia; Argument of, for the religious instruction of Negroes; catechism of, for religious instruction; estimate of those able to read Jones, Matilda, supported Myrtilla Miner Journalistic efforts of Negroes; (see note) Judson, A.T., denounced Prudence Crandall's policy; upheld the law prohibiting the establishment of colored schools in Connecticut

Keith, George, advocated religious training for the Negroes Kemble, Frances Anne, discovered that the Negroes of some masters were taught to read; (see note 4) Kentucky, Negroes of, learned the rudiments of education; work of the Emancipating Labor Society of; work of the Presbyterians of; public opinion of; colored schools of Kinkaid, J.B., taught M.W. Taylor of Kentucky Knoxville, people of, favorable to the uplift of the colored race Kosciuszko, T., plan of, to educate Negroes; (see note); will of; fund of

Lafayette, Marquis de, visited New York African Free Schools; said to be interested in a colored school in the West Lancastrian method of instruction, effect of Lane Seminary, students of, taught Negroes Langston, J.M., student at Chillicothe and Oberlin Latin, taught in a colored school Law, Rev. Josiah, instructed Negroes in Georgia; (see note 1) Lawrence, Nathaniel, supporter of New York colored schools Lawyer for Liberia, a document Lawyers, colored, recognized in the North; (see note 2) Lay, Benjamin, advocate of the instruction of slaves Leary, John S., went to private school Lee, Thomas, a teacher in the District of Columbia Leile, George, preacher in Georgia and Jamaica Le Jeune, taught a little Negro in Canada Le Petit instructed Negroes Lewis, R.B., author Lexington, Kentucky, colored school of; (see note 1, p. 223) Liberia, education of Negroes for; education of Negroes in Liberia College, founded Liberty County, Georgia, instruction of Negroes in Liverpool, Moses, one of the founders of the first colored school in the District of Columbia Livingston, W., teacher in Baltimore Locke, John, influence of Lockhart, Daniel J., instructed by white boys London, Bishop of, formal declarations of, abrogating the law that a Christian could not be held a slave London, Canada, private school; mission school Longworth, Nicholas, built a school-house for Negroes Louisiana, education of Negroes in; hostile legislation of; Bishop Polk of, on instruction of Negroes Louisville, Kentucky, colored schools of L'Ouverture, Toussaint, influence of Lowell, Massachusetts, colored schools of; disestablished Lowry, Rev. Samuel, taught by Rev. Talbot of Franklin College Lowth, Bishop, interested in the uplift of the heathen Lucas, Eliza, teacher of slaves Lundy, Benjamin, helped Negroes on free soil Lunenburg County, Virginia, colored congregation of

Madison, James, on the education of Negroes; letter of Maine, separate school of Malone, Rev. J.W., educated in Indiana Malvin, John, organized schools in Ohio cities Mangum, P.H., and W.P., pupils of John Chavis, a colored teacher Manly, Gov. Charles, of North Carolina, taught by John Chavis Mann, Lydia, aided Myrtilla Miner, Manual Labor College, demand for, Manumission, effect of the laws of, Martin, Martha, sent to Cincinnati to be educated, sister sent to a southern town to learn a trade, Maréchal, Rev. Ambrose, helped to maintain colored schools, Maryland, Abolition Society of, to establish an academy for Negroes, favorable conditions, public opinion against the education of Negroes, law of, against colored mechanics, Maryville Theological Seminary, students of, interested in the uplift of Negroes, Mason, Joseph T. and Thomas H., teachers in the District of Columbia, Massachusetts, schools of, struggles for democratic education, disestablishment of separate schools, Mather, Cotton, on the instruction of Negroes, resolutions of, Matlock, White, interest of, in Negroes, Maule, Ebenezer, helped to found a colored school in Virginia, May, Rev. Samuel, defender of Prudence Crandall, McCoy, Benjamin, teacher in the District of Columbia, McDonogh, John, had educated slaves, McIntosh County, Georgia, religious instruction of Negroes, McLeod, Dr., criticized the inhumanity of men to Negroes, Meade, Bishop William, interested in the elevation of Negroes, work of, in Virginia, followed Bacon's policy, collected literature on the instruction of Negroes, Means, supported Myrtilla Miner, Mechanics, opposed colored artisans, Medical School of Harvard University open to colored students, Medical School of the University of New York admitted colored students, Memorial to Legislature of North Carolina, the education of slaves urged, Methodist preacher in South Carolina, work of, stopped by the people, Methodists, enlightened Negroes, change in attitude of, founded Wilberforce, Michigan, Negroes admitted to schools of, Middleton, Charles, teacher in the District of Columbia, Miles, Mary E.. assistant of Gilmore in Cincinnati, Milton, influence of, Miner, Myrtilla, teacher in the District of Columbia, founded a school, Minor Society of Charleston established a school for Negroes, Minority report of Boston School Committee opposed segregation of colored pupils, Minutes of Methodist Episcopal Conference, resolution on the instruction of Negroes Minutes of the Meetings of Friends, action taken to elevate the colored people Missionaries, English, interested in uplift of Negroes French Spanish Missouri, prohibitive legislation of Mitchell, John G., student in Indiana Mitchell, S.T., began his education in Indiana Mobile, provision for the education of the Negroes Montgomery, I.T., educated under the direction of his master Moore, Edward W., teacher, and author of an arithmetic Moore, Helen, helped Myrtilla Miner Moorland, Dr. J.E., an uncle of, studied medicine Moravian Brethren, instructed colored people Morris, Dr. E. C, instructed by his father Morris, J., taught by his white father Morris, J.W., student in Charleston Morris, Robert, appointed magistrate Murray, John, interested in the New York African Free Schools

Nantucket, Massachusetts, colored schools of Neau, Elias, founded a colored school in New York City Negroes, learning to read and write free education of learning in spite of opposition instructing white persons reduced to heathenism Neill, Rev. Hugh, missionary teacher of Negroes in Pennsylvania Nell, Wm., author New Bedford, Massachusetts, colored schools of disestablished Newbern, North Carolina, effects of insurrection of New Castle, Presbytery of, established Ashmun Institute New England, schools in Anti-Slavery Society of planned to establish a manual labor college sent colored students to Canaan, New Hampshire Newhall, Isabella, excluded a colored boy from school New Hampshire, academy of, broken up schools of, apparently free to all New Haven, separate schools of colored Manual Labor College not wanted interested in the education of persons for Africa and Haiti New Jersey, Quakers of, endeavored to elevate colored people law of, to teach slaves Negroes of, in public schools Presbyterians of, interested in Negroes separate schools caste in schools abolished New Orleans, education of the Negroes of Newport, Rhode Island, separate schools New York, Quakers of, taught Negroes Presbyterians of, interested in Negroes, work of Anti-Slavery Society of, separate schools of, schools opened to all, New York Central College, favorable to Negroes, New York City, African Free Schools, transfer to Public School Society, transfer to Board of Education, society of free people of color of, organized a school, Newspapers, colored, gave evidence of intellectual progress, (see note 1,) North Carolina, Quakers of, instructed Negroes, Presbyterians of, interested in the education of Negroes, Tryon's instructions against certain teachers, manumission societies of, promoting the education of colored people, reactionary laws of, memorial sent to Legislature of, for permission to teach slaves, Northwest Territory, education of transplanted Negroes, settlements of, with schools, Noxon, connected with Neau's school in New York City, Nutall, an Englishman, taught Negroes in New York,

Oberlin grew out of Lane Seminary, Objections to the instruction of Negroes considered and answered, Ohio, colored schools of (see Cincinnati, Columbus, Cleveland, and Northwest Territory); struggle for education at public expense, unfavorable legislation, law of 1849, Olmsted, P.L., found a plantation of enlightened slaves, O'Neal of South Carolina Bar discussed with Chancellor Harper the question of instructing Negroes, Oneida Institute contributed to the education of Negroes, Oregon, law of, hostile to Negroes, Othello, a free Negro, denounced the policy of neglecting the Negroes, Otis, James, on the rights of all men,

Palmer, Dr., catechism of, Pamphlet, Gowan, a preacher in Virginia, Parry, Alfred H., successful teacher, Parsons, C.G., observed that some Negroes were enlightened, Pastoral Letters of Bishop Gibson of London, Patterson, Edward, learned to read in a Sabbath-school, Payne, Dr. C.H., taught by his mother to read, Payne, Bishop Daniel, student in Charleston, agent to purchase Wilberforce, Payne, Mrs. Thomas, studied under her master, Pease, W., instructed by his owner, Penn, William, believed in emancipation to afford Negroes an opportunity for improvement, Pennington, J. C, writer, teacher, and preacher of influence, Pennsylvania, work of Quakers of, favorable legislation, law of, against colored mechanics, (see also Quakers, Friends, Presbyterians, and Philadelphia) Perry, R.L., attended school at Nashville Peterboro School of New York established Petersburg, Virginia, colored schools of, colored churches Pettiford, W.A., attended private school in North Carolina Philadelphia, Negroes of, taught by Quakers, early colored schools, public aid secured for the education of Negroes, names of teachers public and private, statistics of colored schools, (see Quakers, Presbyterians, and Pennsylvania) Phillips, Wendell, argument against the segregation of colored people in Boston Physicians, colored, (see note 3, 279) Pinchback, P.B.S., studied in the Gilmore High School in Cincinnati Pinkney, William, views on the mental capacity of Negroes Pious Negro, True Account of, a document Pittsburgh, colored schools of Plan for the Improvement of the Free Black, a document Plantation system, the rise of, effects of, on the enlightenment of the Negroes Pleasants, Robert, founder of a colored manual labor school Polk, Bishop, of Louisiana, advocate of the instruction of Negroes Porteus, Bishop, a portion of his essay on the uplift of Negroes (see also, note 2) Portland, Maine, colored schools of Potter, Henry, taught Negroesin the District of Columbia Preachers, colored, preached to Negroes (see note 4). preached to white people Presbyterians, taught Negroes, struggles of, Acts of Synods of, a document Presbyterian Witness, criticized churchmen neglectful of the Negroes Proposition for encouraging the Christian education of Indian and Mulatto children at Lambeth, Virginia Protestant Episcopal High School at Cape Palmas, Liberia Prout, John, a teacher in the District of Columbia Providence, Rhode Island, separate schools of Providence Convent of Baltimore, influence of Purcell, Jack, bearing of the confession of Puritans, attitude of, toward the uplift of Negroes

Quakers, educational work among Negroes, promoting education in the Northwest Territory, (see also Friends)

Racial inferiority, the argument of Randolph, John, slaves of, sent to Ohio Raymond, Daniel, contributed to the education of Negroes Reaction, the effect of Reason, Chas. L., teacher in Institute for Colored Youth Redmond, Sarah, denied admission to Boston School Redpath, James, observation in the South Refugees from Haiti and Santo Domingo, influence of; bearing of, on insurrection Refugees Home School established Religious instruction discussed by Churchmen Remond, C.L., lecturer and orator Resolute Beneficial Society established a school Revels, U.S. Senator Hiram, student in Quaker Seminary Rhode Island, work of Quakers of; efforts of colored people of; African Benevolent Society of; school laws of; separate schools disestablished Rice, Rev. David, complained that slaves were not enlightened Rice, Rev. Isaac, mission of, in Canada Richards, Fannie, teacher in Detroit Riley, Mrs. Isaac, taught by master Riots of cities, effect of Roberts, Rev. D.R., attended school in Indiana Rochester, Baptist Church of, lost members Roe, Caroline, teacher in New York African Free Schools Rush, Dr. Benjamin, desire to elevate the slaves; objections of masters considered; interview with Dr. James Durham; Rush Medical School admitted colored student Russworm, John B., first colored man to graduate from college Rutland College, Vermont, opened to colored students

Sabbath-schools, a factor in education; separation of the races St. Agnes Academy established in the District of Columbia St. Frances Academy established in Baltimore Salem, Massachusetts, colored school of Salem, New Jersey, work of Quakers of Sampson, B.K., assistant teacher of Avery College Samson, Rev. Dr., aided Hays, a teacher of Washington Sanderson, Bishop, interest in the uplift of the heathen Sandiford, Ralph, attacked slavery Sandoval, Alfonso, opposed keeping slaves Sandwich, Canada, separate school of Sandy Lake Settlement broken up Saunders of Cabell County, West Virginia, settled his slaves on free soil Savannah, colored schools of churches of Scarborough, President W.S., early education of Schoepf, Johann, found conditions favorable Seaman, Jacob, interest of, in New York colored schools Searing, Anna H., a supporter of Myrtilla Miner Seaton, W.W., a supporter of Alexander Hays's School Secker, Bishop, plan of, for the instruction of Negroes had Negroes educated for Africa extract from sermon of Settle, Josiah T., was educated in Ohio Sewell, Chief Justice, on the instruction of Negroes Shadd, Mary Ann, teacher in Canada Shaffer, Bishop C.T., early education of, in Indiana Sharp, Granville, on the colonization of Negroes Sidney, Thomas, gave money to build school-house Slave in Essex County, Virginia, learned to read Slavery, ancient, contrasted with the modern Small, Robert, student in South Carolina Smedes, Susan Dabney, saw slaves instructed Smith, Gerrit, contributed money to the education of the Negro founder of the Peterboro School appeal in behalf of colored mechanics Smith, Melancthon, interest of, in the New York African Free Schools Smothers, Henry, founded a school in Washington Snow riot, results of Snowden, John Baptist, instructed by white children Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, efforts of South Carolina, schools of unfavorable conditions prohibitive legislation governor of, discussed the Vesey insurrection Spain, King of, desired trade in enlightened slaves only Spanish missionaries taught Negroes in America Springfield, colored schools of Statistics on the intellectual condition of Negroes Stewart, Rev., a missionary in North Carolina Stewart, T. McCants, student in Charleston Stokes, Richard, teacher in the District of Columbia Storrs, C.B., advocate of free discussion influence of Stowe, H.B., assisted Myrtilla Miner interest of, in industrial education Stratton, Lucy, taught Negroes Sturgeon, Rev. William, work of, in Philadelphia Sumler, Jas. W., learned to read with difficulty Sylvester, Elisha, efforts of, in Boston

Tabbs, Thomas, teacher in the District of Columbia Talbot County, Maryland, the education of the Negro in Talbot, Mr., tutor in the District of Columbia, Talbot, Reverend, taught Samuel Lowry at Franklin College, Tappan, Arthur, work of, in behalf of Negroes, Tanner, Bishop Benjamin Tucker, attended school in Pennsylvania, Tarborough, North Carolina, effect of the insurrection of, Tatem, Isaac, instructed Negroes, Taylor, M.W., taught by his mother, Taylor, Dr. Wm., educated for service in Liberia, Taylor, Reverend, interest of, in the enlightenment of Negroes, Templeton, John N., educational efforts of, Tennessee, education of the Negroes of, legislation of, Terrell, Mary Church, mother of, taught by white gentleman, Terrell, Robert H., father of, learned to read, Thetford Academy opened to Negroes, Thomas, J.C. teacher of W.S. Scarborough, Thomas, Rev. Samuel, teacher in South Carolina, Thompson, Margaret, efforts of, in the District of Columbia, Thornton, views of, on colonization, Toop, Clara G., an instructor at Avery College, Toronto, Canada, evening school organized, Torrey, Jesse, on education and emancipation, Trenton, New Jersey, Quakers of, interested, Troumontaine, Julian, teacher in Savannah, "True Bands," educational work of, in Canada, (see also note 1,) Trumbull, John, teacher in Philadelphia, Tucker, Ebenezer, principal of Union Literary Institute, Tucker, Judge St. George, discussed slave insurrections, Turner, Bishop Henry M., early education of, Turner, Nathaniel, the education of, effects of the insurrection of,

Union College admitted a Negro, Union Literary Institute, Indiana, favorable to the instruction of Negroes,

Vanlomen, Father, aided Maria Becraft, Vashon, George B., principal of Avery College, Vermont, required practically no segregation, Vesey, Denmark, effect of the insurrection of, Vesey, Reverend, interest of, in Neau's school, Virginia, question of instructing Negroes of, education of Negroes of, given legal sanction, colored schools of, work of abolitionists of, interest of Quakers of, efforts of Presbyterians of, prohibitive legislation of, Vocational training emphasized by Frederick Douglass, interest of H.B. Stowe in,

Wagoner, H.O., taught by his parents, Walker, David, appeal of, Wall, Mary, teacher in the District of Columbia, (see note 1) Ward, S.R., attainments of, Warren, John W., studied under white children, Warville, Brissot de, found desirable conditions, Washington, George, attitude of, will of, Waterford, Ephraim, taught by his employer, Watkins, Wm., teacher in Baltimore, Watrum, François Philibert, inquiry of, about instructing Negroes, Wattles, Augustus, philanthropist and educator, Wayman, Reverend, advocate of the instruction of Negroes, Wayman, Rev. Dr., interest of, in free schools, Weaver, Amanda, assisted Myrtilla Miner, Wells, Nelson, bequeathed $10,000 to educate Negroes, Wesley, John, opinion of, on the intellect of Negroes, Western Reserve converted to democratic education, Wetmore, Reverend, a worker connected with Neau's school, Wheatley, Phyllis, education of, poetry of, White, j. T., attended school in Indiana, White, Dr. Thomas J., educated for Liberia, White, W.J., educated by his white mother, Whitefield, Rev. George, interest in the uplift of Negroes, plan of, to establish a school, Whitefield, Rev. James, promoted education in Baltimore, Whitefield, James M., poet, Wickham, executor of Samuel Gist, Williams, Bishop, urged the duty of converting the Negroes, Williamson, Henry, taught by his master, Wilmington, Delaware, educational work of abolitionists of, Wilson, Bishop of Sodor and Man, published a pamphlet on the uplift of the Negroes, contributed money to educate the Negroes of Talbot County, Maryland, Wilson, Rev. Hiram, inspector of schools in Canada, founder of a manual labor school, Windsor, Canada, school privileges of, Wing, Mr., teacher in Cincinnati, Winslow, Parson, children of, indulgent to Uncle Cephas, Wisconsin, equal school facilities of, Woodson, Ann, taught by her young mistress, Woodson, Emma J., instructor at Avery College, Woodson, Louis, teacher in Pittsburgh, Woolman, John, interest of, Wormley, James, efforts of, in the District of Columbia, (see note 1) Wormley, Mary, teacher in the District of Columbia, Wortham, Dr. James L., pupil of John Chavis Wright, Rev. John F., one of the founders of Wilberforce University

Xenia, Ohio, settlement of, Wilberforce University established near

Zane, Jonathan, gave $18,000 for the education of Negroes