APPENDICES. STATISTICAL TABLES.

TABLE I.—Distribution of Land Among the Several Sections of the Peasant Population.

Classes of peasantry by district, origin, and by title of possession. Population. Land (Dessiatines).

Communities. Households. Persons (males and females). Total. Per cent. To each male of the tenth census. To each household of the census of 1882.[194] To each person of the census of 1882.[194]

Number. Per cent.

District of Ranenburg:

I. Former serfs:

1. Corvée or taille75254716071121479792.46.21.0

2. Redemption192103106362147.45950936.22.46.11.0

3. Donation5905530.4119.50.10.10.50.3

4. Absolute Property4161330.12420.15.316.11.9

All to former serfs276129638037859.97466745.42.46.11.0

II. Former State peasants

1. Agrarian communism2762374229731.56823041.54.111.11.6

2. Quarterly possession1541529402.261443.76.7152.1

3. Mixed[195]10122482486.2150929.24.512.41.8

All to former state peasants5278765348539.98946654.44.311.51.7

III. Former serfs, subsequently state peasants12362360.22280.22.36.51.0

Total340208751340991001643611003.18.21.3

District of Dankoff:

I. Former serfs:

1. Corvée or taille7520781292313.21351210.42.66.91.1

2. Redemption172752448126495002638.52.571.1

3. Donation723113761.45510.40.82.70.4

4. Absolute property6695110.59470.74.814.11.9

All to former serfs26099026293664.16503650.02.76.91.1

II. Former state peasants

1. Agrarian communism1830821981720.23175624.44.110.41.6

2. Quarterly possession1817651213112.42720820.95.415.92.3

3. Mixed[195]341527892.853314.15.112.91.9

All to former state peasants3952623473735.46429549.44.612.41.9

III. Former serfs, subsequently state peasants[196]14875510.57510.649.11.4

Total31315251982241001300821003.38.91.4

TABLE I, a.

To make it clearer

ACREAGE OF A PEASANT FARM OR HOUSEHOLD ON AVERAGE.

Classes.Ranenburg.Dankoff.

I. Former serfs:

1. Corvée or taille16.818.7

2. Redemption16.518.9

3. Donation5.47.3

4. Absolute property43.538.1

All to former serfs16.518.7

II. Former state peasants:

1. Agrarian Communism29.728.1

2. Quarterly possession40.543.0

3. Mixed33.534.9

All to former state peasants31.133.5

III. Mixed17.624.6

Total22.224.1

TABLE II.—Taxation of the Peasantry.

Classes of peasants and titles of possession. District of Ranenburg. District of Dankoff.

Land in dessiatines. Cattle. Taxes in rubles. Land in dessiatines. Cattle. Taxes in rubles.

To 1 male, 1858. To 1 household. To 1 dessiatine. To 1 male, 1858. To 1 male worker. To 1 male, 1858. To 1 household. To 1 dessiatine. To 1 male, 1858. To 1 male worker.

I. Former serfs:

1. Corvée or taille2.46.22.75.211.919.92.66.92.75.112.621.9

2. Redemption2.46.12.54.510.817.92.57.02.54.311.118.7

3. Donation0.51.91.86.83.66.20.82.71.64.64.08.1

4. Absolute property5.316.14.20.84.65.14.814.14.31.15.88.9

II. Former serfs, subsequently state peasants2.36.52.43.17.014.24.09.13.02.57.915.8

Total2.46.12.64.611.018.22.76.82.54.411.219.1

III. Former state peasants:

1. Agrarian communism4.111.12.92.410.116.24.110.42.62.29.415.6

2. Quarterly possession6.715.04.01.913.218.05.415.93.31.910.818.1

3. Mixed4.512.43.12.411.118.65.112.92.92.610.517.9

Total4.311.53.02.410.416.74.612.42.92.610.016.7

TABLE III.—Arrears in Taxes.

Degree of indebtedness. Former serfs. Former state peasants.

Communities. Households. Arrears in Rubles. Communities. Households. Arrears in Rubles.

Number. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. To 1 household. Number. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. To 1 household.

District of Dankoff:

Without arrears175610761.217212540.4

In arrears:

For not more than the land tax[197]88354135.4660253.41.921311959.3466894.71.5

For not more than 1 year’s taxes81621.6243219.715.01180.32635.314.6

For from 1 to 2 years’ taxes31791.8332226.918.6

Total in arrears99388238.81235610022313759.64931100

Total in the district2749989100395262100

District of Ranenburg:

Without arrears4112549.661692.1

In arrears:

For not more than the land tax138677652.15289130.17.834506364.33386947.96.7

For not more than 1 year’s taxes76352927.17081440.320.113264433.63685752.113.9

For from 1 to 2 year’s taxes29136710.64739226.934.7

For from 2 to 3 years’ taxes3730.647682.765.3

Total in arrears2461174590.417586510047710797.970726100

Total in the district28712999100537876100

TABLE IV.—Distribution of Rented Land.

A.—Classification with regard to ownership of land.

Households. D. of Korotoyak. D. of Nizhnedevitsk. In all.

Tenants, per cent. Rented land. Tenants, per cent. Rented land. Rented for money rental, per cent. Rented for share in crops, per cent.

Per cent. To one tenant (dessiatines). Per cent. To one tenant (dessiatines).

Landless0.2} 13.40.3} 9.25.40.3} 19.40.3} 14.93.40.30.2

Owning under 5 dessiatines13.28.92.819.114.63.011.612.8

” from 5 to 15 dessiatines49.038.93.349.741.73.339.850.0

” from 15 to 25 dessiatines26.1} 37.627.5} 51.94.522.0} 30.924.6} 43.44.426.126.4

” over 25 dessiatines11.524.49.08.918.88.222.210.6

Total1001004.21001003.9100100

B.—Classification with regard to stock-breeding.

Households. D. of Korotoyak. D. of Nizhnedevitsk. In all.

Tenants, per cent. Rented land, per cent. Tenants, percentage within the class. Dessiatines to 1 tenant. Tenants, per cent. Rented land, per cent. Tenants, percentage within the class. To 1 tenant, dessiatines. Rented for money rental, per cent. Rented for share in crops, per cent.

Without horses3.51.911.52.11.10.43.51.31.10.6

With 1 horse28.416.537.92.321.410.628.82.113.316.4

” from 2 to 3 horses54.146.749.63.463.050.354.93.448.059.5

” 4 or more horses14.034.978.59.714.538.781.611.337.623.5

Total10010043.03.910010041.94.2100100

TABLE V. BUDGETS OF TYPICAL PEASANT HOUSEHOLDS.

Translated from the Statistical Reports for the District of Borisoglebsk, Gubernia of Tamboff (Appendix I., pp. 28-32, 88-97).[198]

I. Gabriel Michea’s (son) Trupoff, village Sukmanka, bailiwick (volost) Sukmanka.

The family selected is one of medium standing, getting along well with its farming. The figures refer to 1879, when the crops were good, the yield being in the ratio of 10:1 to the seed.

Members of the Family.

1. The housefather, 60 year old, doing all kinds of farm work.

2. His wife, of the same age, keeping the house.

3. Their son, aged 27.

4. Their daughter-in law, aged 26, and,

5-7. The son and daughter-in-law’s three children, between 3 and 8 years of age.

Schedule of Property Owned by the Family.

1. Wooden house, straw roof:

Dimensions.Yards.Feet.Inches.

a. Length91

b. Breadth42

c. Height222

Add thereto sheds, etc., used for various farming purposes.

2. Land, 15 dessiatines (= 40 acres).

3. Stock:

a. Horses4

b. Cow1

c. Calf1

Income in Rubles.

Dr.Price.In Kind.In Money.Total.

1. Farm and house:

Rye, 40 Russian quarters, @4.0090.0070.00160.00

Oats, 60 Russian quarters, @2.0040.0080.00120.00

Millet, 5 Russian quarters, @5.0025.0025.00

Potatoes, 40 Russian measures, @0.156.006.00

Flaxseed, 5 quarters, @10.0050.0050.00

Flax and hemp, fibre30.0030.00

Hemp seed, 2½ quarters, @8.0020.0020.00

Hay, 100 poods, @0.1010.0010.00

Straw40.0040.00

Two slaughtered pigs, @5.0010.0010.00

One calf, @20.0020.0020.00

Sold: ducks, @4.00

3 geese, @1.003.00

1 colt, @23.0023.0030.00

Total from farm and house291.00230.00521.00

II. Rented grass land: 3 dessiatines (8 acres):

Hay, 180 poods, @0.1018.0018.00

III. Odd jobs:

(Farm work and driving)52.0052.00

Grand total309.00282.00591.00

Expenses in Rubles.

Cr.Price.In Kind.In Money.Total.

I. Productive Consumption:

1. Forage for cattle[199]:

Hay28.00

Oats40.00

Straw40.00

All to forage108.00108.00

2. Wages to the communal shepherd:

The family’s share3.00

3. Wear and tear of implements30.00

Total productive consumption108.0033.00141.00

II. Personal Consumption:

1. Food:

Rye flour, 15 poods a month @0.5090.00

Salt, 4½ poods a year @0.703.15

Hemp oil20.00

Wheat flour, 217 lbs. a year12.00

Corn25.00

Potatoes6.00

Meat and lard

a. On holidays 72 lbs.5.60

b. On workdays 430 lbs.30.00

Total meat 502 lbs.

Salted fish and herring5.00

Brandy, 4 pails (400 glasses)16.00

All to food[200]171.0041.75212.75

2. Shoes:

One pair a year to each member of the family13.00

Felt boots for all3.00

All for shoes16.0016.00

3. Clothing:

One fur to each father and son, once in 5 years @10.004.00

One coat to each, once in 2 years @5.005.00

One gird to each, once in 10 years @0.160.80

One cap to each, once in 5 years @2.0010.00

One holiday coat to each, once in 3 years @6.004.00

One overcoat for the son, once in 2 years @5.002.50

Dresses for two women16.00

Dresses for children10.00

Linen from own flax and seed30.00

All to clothing30.0042.4672.46

4. Sundries:

Lard candles, 10 lbs. a year1.60

Kerosene, 36 lbs. a year2.40

Expenses of worship5.50

Soap1.50

Tar2.50

Moulding of rye, etc.10.00

Unexpected10.00

All to sundries33.5033.50

Total personal consumption201.00133.71334.71

III. Taxes37.5037.50

All to ordinary expenses309.00204.21513.21

IV. Rent for 3 dessiatines grass land, @5.0015.0015.00

Total expenditures309.00219.21528.21

Balance:

1. Net income from farm and house7.79

2. Net income from rented land3.00

3. Income from sundry jobs52.00

Grand total591.00

II. Kosma Abramoff, village Michaïlovka, bailiwick Nicholo-Kabañ yevskaya.

The family counts as one of the “strong” economically.

Members.

3male workers.

3female workers.

3children.

1elder.

10

Schedule of Property.

1. 1 house (with appurtenances):

Yards.Inches.

a. Length68

b. Breadth68

2. Land, 3 dessiatines (8 acres).

3. Stock:

a. Horses5

b. Cow1

c. Calves2

d. Sheep11

e. Lambs7

f. Pigs2

Income in Rubles.

Dr.

I. Farming on the allotted land (garden, house and appurtenances)181.00

II. Domestic industry for domestic use177.80

Total farm and house358.80358.80

Deficit to cover the expenses660.45

Total1019.25

III. Farming on rented land:

Gross income640.00

Rent282.00

Net product358.00

Total640.00

IV. Odd jobs:

Farm work, tailoring, carrying trade, wage work, etc.245.00

Total income1243.801243.80

Balance (deficit)57.45

Grand Total1301.25

Expenses[201] in Rubles.

Cr.In Kind.In Money.Total.

I. Productive consumption154.00127.00281.00

II. Personal Consumption:

Food[202]255.00137.05392.05

Clothing170.0060.00230.00

Shoes and stockings7.8051.5059.30

Miscellaneous40.9040.90

All to personal consumption432.80289.45722.25

III. Taxes16.0016.00

Total ordinary expenditure586.80432.451019.25

IV. Rent: For 20 dessiatines282.00282.00

Grand total586.80714.451301.25

III. Capiton Popoff, village Pavlovka, bailiwick Pavlodarovka.

The family is considered one of the “powerless.”

Members.

1. Father.

2. Mother.

3. Son.

4. Daughter-in-law.

5. Girl of 16.

6. Girl of 13.

7-8. Two little boys.

Schedule of Property.

1. House, 14×14 square feet.

2. Land, 1½ dessiatines (4 acres).

3. Stock:

a. Horse1

b. Cow1

c. Sheep3

Yearly Income in Rubles.

Dr.

Farm and house27.80

Rented land74.00

Wage labor74.80

Total176.60

Balance, deficit65.20

Grand total241.80

Yearly Expenses in Rubles.

Cr.

I. Rent57.00

II. Taxes8.00

III. Food:

Meat at Easter, 11 pounds @ 9 copecks0.99

at St. Peter’s day, 10 pounds @ 8 cop.0.80

at Christmas, @ 5 cop. (of own produce)1.75

All to meat3.54

5 chickens and 50 eggs1.05

18 pounds very bad salted fish at the carnival, @ 4 cop.0.72

Rye bread, cabbage, potatoes, salt, butter, corn, pickles, and apples for the children106.61

All to food111.92

IV. Clothing[203]23.10

V. Shoes[203]27.00

VI. Sundries[204]15.78

Grand total241.80

TABLE VI.—Wages of the Peasant in Industrial Employment.

(Compiled from the Appendices to the Statistical Reports for the Gubernia of Ryazañ, 1882.)

A.—Local.

No. Trade. Season. Board. Wages in rubles. No.

Per day. Per week. Per month. Per term. Per year.

From To From To From To From To

1BrickmakersSpring and Summer.Without board.0.501.0050.0080.001

2Charcoal burning0.500.7040.002

3Clearing of the soil (from stumps)7.0012.00

4Diggers0.600.708.0010.0040.0050.004

5Masons7.0012.0040.0080.005

6Potters45.006

7Quarries—7

a. Independent craftsmen.75.00100.00a

b. Working for contractors.35.0060.00b

8CarpentersWith board.55.0070.008

All through the year.100.00

Without board.7.0013.00

9Water flour millsWinter.5.009

Spring and Summer.8.0015.00

10Felt boot-makersFall.With board.0.400.6010

11Furriers0.400.6011

12Tailors1.502.5012

Apprentices0.50

13Timber sawingWinter.1.0013

With board.0.500.70

14Coal miners0.300.5014

15Distilleries0.255.009.0015

16Sugar Factories6.008.0016

17Railways—17

a. Males0.300.45

Summer.0.701.00

All through the year.9.0012.00

b. Females0.200.40

18Steam flour mills0.400.5018

19Carrying0.601.0019

20Day laborers (in town)0.300.4020

In all: full workers, malesWith board.0.400.601.002.5055.0070.00100.00

Without board.0.251.005.0015.0035.0060.00

B.—Outside.

No. Trade. Gubernias. Season. Wages in rubles. No.

Per month. Per term. Per year.

With board. Without board. With board. Without board. With board.

From To From To From To From To From To

1DiggersMoscow.Spring and Summer.60751

2Quarries40502

3BrickmakersMoscow and Orel.40503

4Turf CuttersMoscow and Vladimir.4

May to July3050

May to August5070

5Railways14205

Winter.910

6CabmenMoscow.All through the year.696

7Drivers7121518901507

8Housekeepers15188

9Janitors, servants, etc.751009

10Flour mills507010

11Factory HandsMoscow and St. Petersburg.101811

In all, in Moscow and vicinity61210183070607550150

TABLE VII.—Average Yields of Wheat (District of Voronezh).

Estates of over 50 dessiatines. Period of experience (years). Dessiatines under wheat. Chetverts from 1 dessiatine.

Fertilized. Not fertilized (or mixed).

Series I.

No. 81193008.45.6

” 1975308

” 321051?6.3

” 10391135.2

” 8161105.2

” 189 bis.7904.7

” 192 bis.71034

Average on 7 estates.12797

3308.4

767[205]5.4

Series II.

13 estates5967.9

5 estates86.55.4

Total 18 estates682.5