INDEX.

Abdul, Aziz 168-9

Abdul Hamid II., 169-70, 174, 177-9, 185-6, 204, 223-4, 238, 245-9, 259, 266-9, 274-5, 277, 285, 328, 436, 447-8, 453, 457, 591-2, 618

Abdul Kerim, 194-6, 200, 204, 206

Abdur Rahman, 389, 400, 404-5, 407, 417, 418-19, 428-31, 433

Abeken, Herr, 44

Abu Klea, Battle of, 480

Abyssinia, 335, 487, 504

Adam, Mme, 333

Adrianople, 221, 223, 229, 251, 270

Aehrenthal, Count, 613-4

Afghanistan, 334, 345-6, 366, 378-9, 386-91, 472, 527

War in (1878-9), chap. xiv. 394 passim

Africa, Partition of, chap. xviii, passim, 586

Africa, South-West, 635-6

Agadir, Coup d', 621, 623, 625

Albania, 158, 229

Albania, autonomy of, 630-1

Albert, King of Belgium, 644-5

Albrecht, Archduke, 33-6

Alexander I., 31, 160-1, 297, 364

Alexander II., 145, 167, 173-5, 180-83, 192, 204-5, 209-10, 215, 222-8, 234, 254-6, 289, 293, 295-8, 306, 308, 313, 318, 322, 325, 355, 398-9

Alexander III., 255-65, 272-86, 298-9, 301-4, 309-11, 331, 337, 340, 343-6, 423-4, 428-9

Alexander, Prince of Bulgaria, 254, 260-82, 286, 339, 428

Alexandretta, 622

Alexandria, bombardment of, 450-52

Alfonso, King of Spain, 619

Algeciras, Conference of, 604, 606-8, 610

Act of, 607

Alikhanoff, M., 424

Alsace, 94, 105, 132, 133-4

Alvensleben, General von, 61, 65-7, 77

Amur, river, 571, 572, 580

Andrassy, Count, 164, 232, 599

André, General, 600

Anglo-French Entente (1904), 601-4, 606, 607, 609, 622, 626, 636

Anglo-German Agreement (1890), 520-523, 525, 532

Anglo-Japanese Compact, 597-8, 602

Anglo-Russian Conventions, 608-10

Angra Pequeña, 523, 524

Antonelli, Cardinal, 89

Arabi Pasha, 266, 444, 447-9, 452, 453-7

Archinard, M., 539

Argyll, Duke of, 371-2, 376, 417

Armenia, 220, 229, 242, 244, 250, 307

Army Bill, French (1875), 119, 121-2

Arnim, Count von, 123, 318

Artomoroff, Colonel, 504

Asquith, H.H., 626-8

Atbara, Battle of the, 490-91

Augustenburg, Duke of, 16

Aumale, Duc d', 117

Austria, 4-23, 32-7, 55, 63, 137, 148, 164, 177, 180-81, 184-6, 194, 227-8, 231, 232, 238, 242, 246, 257-8, 259, 271, 282, 284, 318, 320, 323-7, 331-3, 350-51, 485, 585, 592-3, 601, 604, 607, 609, 612-17, 622, 629-32, 634, 637, 639, 644, 647, 649

Army of, 635

Austro-German Alliance, 324-7

Austro-Prussian War (1866), 17-21

Austro-Russian Agreements (1897 and 1903), 615

Austro-Russian Treaty (1877), 179-180

Ayub Khan, 407, 415, 418-9

Baden, 12, 21

Baden, Grand Duke of, 130

Baert, Captain, 564

Bagdad Railway, 591-4, 609, 615, 622, 637

Bahr-el-Ghazal, the, 504, 506, 552, 558-9

Bakunin, 292-5

Balfour, Mr. A., 431-2

Balkan League, the, 629, 632

Balkan Peninsula, 25, 332

Balkan Question, the, 631-2

Balkan States, 586, 592, 616, 628-9, 633

Balkan War (1912), 624, 629-31, 633

Balkh, 399, 433

Baluchistan, 367, 381, 384-6, 432

Baring, Sir E., 463, 466-473

Batak, 170, 171

Batoum, 205, 229, 234, 241, 276

Bavaria, 18, 20, 21, 131, 133-5

Bazaine, Marshall, 63-5, 67-73, 75-8, 97

Bazeilles, 79-82

Beaconsfield, Earl of, 29, 165-6, 171, 175, 181, 182, 187-8, 220, 231, 232-3, 234, 236-7, 240-41, 243-5, 287, 328, 380, 282-3, 391-3, 400, 405, 440, 516

Beaumont, Battle of, 78

Bebel, Herr, 589

Bechuanaland, 530-33

Beernaert, M., 556

Belfort, 98, 104, 105

Belgium, 5, 16, 26, 148, 550-52, 555-7, 567, 625, 627-8, 638-9, 641-2, 644-8

Bendereff, 271, 278-9

Benedek, General, 18

Benedetti, M., 40-43, 48

Bentley, Rev. W.H., 546

Berber, 473, 475, 478, 488, 490

Berchtold, Count, 640

Beresford, Lord Charles, 480

Berlin Conference (1885), 548-50, 552, 559, 562, 567

Congress of (1878), 228, 235-42, 247, 259, 323, 328, 345, 388, 513

Memorandum, the, 167-9, 181

Berlin, Treaty of (1878), 237-42, 253, 267-8, 275, 291, 332, 353, 612, 629

Bernhardi, General von, 625-6, 638

Besika Bay, 168, 171, 172, 177, 224

Bessarabia, 160, 205, 230, 234, 260

Bethman-Hollweg, Chancellor, 620, 623, 625, 627, 633-4, 641-2, 645-6, 648

Beust, Count von, 32, 36, 37

Biarritz, 16

Biddulph, General, 398

Bismarck, Prince Otto von, 8, 12-22, 27, 30, 31, 39, 41-49, 85, 86, 89, 94, 97, 103-5, 109, 114, 118, 123, 129-32, 137, 140, 141, 153, 164, 168, 173, 184, 228, 257, 261, 282, 317-27, 332, 335, 336-8, 342, 426, 446, 457, 513-15, 520-21, 527, 528, 534, 547, 548, 590, 599, 609

and "Protection," 141-150

Bismarck, Count Herbert, 523-4, 528

Blagovestchensk, 584

Blowitz, M. de, 321-2

Blumenthal, Count von, 72, 77, 85, 94

Boer War, 585-8, 590, 597-8, 610, 636

Bokhara, 365, 371

Bonnier, M., 539

Bordeaux, 98, 99, 103, 105, 106, 116, 118

Bosnia, 163, 168, 238, 242, 258, 332

Bosnia-Herzegovina, annexation of, 612, seq. 640

Botha, General, 598

Boulanger, General, 126, 333, 337, 339, 341

Bourbaki, General, 98

Bourbon, House of, 3-6

Bourgas, 278

Bourgeois, M., 504

Boxer Movement, the, 583

Boxer Rising in China (1900), 588, 595

Brazza, M. de, 546

Bremen, 132, 142

Bright, Mr. J., 417, 452

British Central Africa Protectorate, 533

Broadwood, General, 487, 496, 498

Browne, General Sir Samuel, 394

Brussels, Conference at (1876), 545

Anti-Slavery Conference at, 534

Buchanan, Sir George, 647

Bukharest, Peace of (1913), 631-2, 637, 639

Bukharest, Treaty of (1886), 272

Bulgaria, 157-9, 163, 170-72, 176, 180, 225, 229-30, 234, 237-9, 251-288, 302, 333, 334

Campaigns in, 194-216

Bülow, Prince von, 588-9, 596, 603, 605, 607, 617

Bundesrath, the, 133-4, 138

Burmah, 527, 530

Annexation of, 432

Burnaby, Colonel, 480

Burrows, Brigadier-General, 407

Busa, 540

Busch, Dr., 22, 143

Cabul, 370, 381, 383, 387, 388, 390, 401-5, 412-413, 431

Cabul, Treaty of (1905), 435

Cairo, capture of, 455-6

Cairoli, Signor, 329

"Caisse de la Delte" (Egyptian), 442, 459

Cambon, Jules, 620

Paul, 644, 646

Cameroons, 528, 533-6

Candahar, 367, 381, 387, 398, 405, 407, 413-18, 432

Canning, Lord, 368

Canrobert, Marshal, 72

Caprivi, Count, 520

Carnarvon, Lord, 225, 525

Carnot, President Sadi, 127

Casement, Mr. Roger, 558, 560-62, 565, 566

Cassini, Count, 580

Catharine II., 361

Cattier, M., 552, 563, 564

Cavagnari, Sir Louis, 401

Cavour, Count, 8-11, 13, 90, 142, 161

Centralisation of Governments, 111-112, 315

Chad, Lake, 537

Châlons-sur-Marne, 68, 74, 75

Chamberlain, Mr., 417

Chambord, Comte de, 117, 122, 123

Charasia, Battle of (1878), 402-3

Charles, King of Roumania, 192, 206, 210, 215, 230, 262, 632

Charles Albert, King, 6-8

Chevket Pacha, 626

China, 568, 571-2, 576-82, 595-7

Chino-Japanese War, 576-7

Chitral, 386, 388, 433

Chotek, Countess, 613

Christian IX., 14

Churchill, Winston, 627, 634

Clement, Bishop, 280, 282

Cobden, Mr., 142

Colombey, Battle of, 63-5

Combes, M., 349, 600

Congo Free State, the, 502, 541, passim chap. xix.

Congo, French, 622, 625

Constantinople, Conference of (1876), 174, 176-9

Constitution, French (1875), 124-5

German, 132-7

Turkish (1876), 177-9

Constitution of Finland, 308, 309

Cossacks, the, 360-62, 434, 435, 453

Coulmiers, Battle of, 97

Cranbrook, Lord, 387

Crete, 240, 248

Crimean War, 8, 13, 30, 31, 161-2, 345, 365, 425, 434

Crispi, Signor, 336, 337, 355, 600

Cromer, Lord. See Baring, Sir E.

Cronstadt, 343, 346

Crown Prince of Saxony, 74, 130

Currie, Sir Donald, 524, 528

Curzon, Lord, 423, 431, 432, 576

Cyprus, 328

Convention, 234-5, 243-4, 250

Dahomey, 539

Dalmatia, 329

Dalny, 583

Dardanelles, the, 168, 222, 224, 225, 241

Decazes, Duc, 321-2, 440

Delagoa Bay, 525-6, 528, 534

Delcassé, M., 587, 601, 606, 607

Denghil Tepe, Battle of, 420-23, 500

Denmark, 4, 5, 13-16, 35

Depretis, Signor, 329, 335-6, 355

Derby, Lord, 166, 176, 178, 181, 222, 224, 225, 226, 231, 243, 440, 524, 530

De Wet, General, 598, 635

Dhanis, Commandant, 553

Dilke, Sir Charles, 465, 563

Dillon, Dr., 639

Disraeli. See Beaconsfield

Dobrudscha, 197, 199, 229-30, 240

Dodds, Colonel, 539

Dolgorukoff, General, 280-81

Dongola, 474, 476, 479, 488, 489

Dost Mohammed, 368, 379

Dragomiroff, General, 197

Dreyfus, M., 600

Drouyn de Lhuys, 20

Drury Lowe, General Sir, 454-6

Dual Alliance, 342-50, 587-8, 590, 599, 609, 616, 644

Dual Control, the (in Egypt), 442, 443, 445, 457

Ducrot, General, 80, 81, 83

Dufaure, M., 126, 245, 246

Dufferin, Lord, 326, 424, 426-8, 429, 458, 461-2

Dulcigno, 246-7

Durand, Sir Mortimer, 433

Durbar at Delhi (1878), 383

East Africa (British), 520-21, 523

(German), 520-23

East Africa Company (British), 519-22

Eastern Question, the, 155-189, 222-250, 383, 615, 636-7

Eastern Roumelia, 238, 253, 259, 260, 263-4, 268, 275-6, 333

Eckardstein, Herr, 527

Edward VII., 601, 608, 618-9

Egypt, 166, 244, 266, 275, 602, 636-7, passim chaps. xv. xvi. xvii.

Einwold, Herr, 527

Elgin, Lord, 368

Elliott, Sir Henry, 176, 177, 221

El Obeid, Battle of, 461, 462

El Teb, Battle of, 470

Ems, 42-5

Ena, Queen of Spain, 619

England. See Great Britain

Enver Bey, 630

Epirus, 241, 248

Erzeroum, 194, 241

Eugénie, Empress, 19, 29, 38, 47, 75, 87, 97, 139

Faidherbe, M. 538

Fashoda, 349, 501-6, 594

Faure, President, 127, 346

Favre, M. Jules, 87, 88, 94, 98, 103, 114

Ferdinand, Prince, 285-6

Ferdinand, Tsar, of Bulgaria, 612, 631

Fergusson, Sir James, 336

Ferry, M., 266, 329

Finland, 304, 307-14

Flegel, Herr, 535

Floquet, M., 126

Flourens, M., 343

Forbach, Battle of, 62, 63

Formosa, Island of, 577

Fox Bourne, Mr., 563

France, 3-6, 9, 19, 20, 25-9, 32, 33, 35, 46-9, 52-6, 87-9, 112, 161, 228, 318, 320-24, 326, 333-6, 337-8, 341-5, 347-9, 350, 437-8, 442, 446, 448, 452-3, 457, 458-9, 485, 513-514, 529, 535, 537-41, 546-9, 558, 559, 577-9, 585-6, 591, 593-4, 597, 599-608, 614-6, 618, 620-2, 624, 626, 638, 641-8

and Morocco, 602, 604-7, 609-10, 620 seq., 636-7

Army of, 634-5

France and the Sudan, 501-6

France and Tunis, 328-30

Francis Ferdinand, Archduke, 613-4, 639

Francis Joseph, 6, 32, 36, 173, 232, 318, 613

Franco-German War, causes of, 36-49

Franco-Italian Entente, 601

Franco-Russian Alliance. (See Dual Alliance)

Frankfurt, Treaty of, 105, 114

Frankfurt-on-Main, 11, 12, 21, 22

Frederick the Great, 594, 635, 638, 646

Frederick III., Crown Prince of Germany and Emperor, 18, 74, 76, 80, 130, 136, 151, 236

Frederick VII., 14

Frederick Charles, Prince, 66, 68

Frederick William IV., 11-13, 31, 593

Free Trade (in Germany), 141-3

(in France), 142

French Congoland, 506, 546, 622, 625

French Revolution of 1830, 5

Frere, Sir Bartle, 380-81, 524

Freycinet, M. de, 446, 447, 452, 456, 502, 503

Frobenius, Herr, 638

Frossard, General, 63-5

Galatz, 197

Galbraith, Colonel, 411

Gallieni, M., 539

Gallipoli, 222, 226

Gambetta, M., 87, 96-101, 110, 125, 318, 330, 446, 452, 538

Gandamak, Treaty of, 400, 418

Garde Mobile, the, 55, 94

Garde Nationale, the, 55, 94

Garibaldi, 6, 7, 9-11, 28, 90-91, 327

Gastein, Convention of, 16

Gatacre, General, 490, 492

Gavril, Pasha, 263

Geok Tepe. See Denghil Tepe

George V., King of England, 645

George, David Lloyd, 623, 625

German Army, 135, 633-4

German Army, Kriegsgefahr, 643

Confederation (1815-66), 4-22

Constitution (1871), 132-7

Empire, 129. See Germany

Navy, 587-9, 594, 609, 617, 628, 633, 638

Zollverein, the, 141-2

Germany, 3-6, 11-18, 20-23, 27, 34, 39, 45-9, 51-5, 129-154, 164-6, 223, 246, 275, 277, 282, 318-27, 329, 330, 337-9, 350, 447-8, 453, 457, 472, 485, 513-18, 520-22, 524-30, 533-7, 541, 547, 559, 577-9, 581, 585-9, 592, 595-7, 600-609, 615-18, 620-21, 623-8, 632, 634, 635-8, 640-49

Gervais, Admiral, 343

Ghaznee, Battle of, 405

Giers, M. de, 258, 263, 265, 276, 281, 285, 302, 332, 333-5, 337, 424, 427, 515

Gladstone, Mr., 29, 46, 172, 223, 244, 275, 356, 371, 372, 376, 380, 392, 405, 417, 427-9, 446, 448-9, 452, 458, 461, 465, 484-5, 502, 517, 524, 528, 530, 531

Glave, Mr., 562

Gold Coast, 539

Goldie, Sir George T., 535, 541

Gontaut-Biron, M. de, 421

Gordon, General, passim chaps. xvi. xvii.

Gortchakoff, Prince, 164, 168, 190, 222, 226, 320, 322-3, 366

Goschen, Lord, 244, 246, 442

Goschen, Sir Edward, 641-2

Gough, General, 404

Gramont, Duc de, 32, 40, 42, 43, 47

Grant Duff, Sir Mountstuart, 322

Granville, Earl, 45, 389, 425-6, 447, 463, 465, 470, 473-4, 517, 523, 533, 547

Gravelotte, Battle of, 68-73

Great Britain, 14, 29, 30, 52, 95, 145, 147-9, 160-61, 168-77, 181, 187-8, 190, 231, 259, 266, 282, 284, 322-4, 328, 336, 337, 342, 364-6, 372-4, 382-4, 392-4, 400, 404-6, 417, 435, 513-14, 521, 523-30, 533-7, 541, 547, 578-9, 581-2, 585-7, 600, 604-9, 616, 618, 620, 622-3, 626-8, 636-9, 641-8

Army of, 634

Great Britain and Egypt, passim chaps. xv. xvi. xvii.

Great Britain and Russia (1878), 222-8

Greco-Turkish War, 585

Greece, 5, 158, 160, 194, 227, 240-41, 245-8, 257, 267

Grenfell, Rev. G., 546

Grévy, M., 337, 355

Grey, Sir Edward, 503, 586, 623, 626, 631, 634, 641-7

Griffin, Sir Lepel, 405-6

Gurko, General, 201-3, 208, 219

Habibulla, Ameer of Afghanistan, 431, 435

Hague Conference, 608

Congress, the (1899), 583

Tribunal, 601, 649

Haldane, Lord, 627, 639, 647

Hamburg, 132, 142

Hanotaux, M., 504

Hanover, 11, 21, 23

Hartington, Lord, 417, 465, 476

Hayashi, Count, 596

Heligoland, 521, 637

Herat, 367, 368, 381, 387, 388, 405, 425

Héricourt, Battle of, 98

Herzegovina, 163-5, 170, 238, 332

Hesse-Cassel, 12, 21, 23

Hesse Darmstadt, 20

Heydebrand, Herr, 625

Hicks, Pasha, 461-2

Hinde, Captain S.L., 553

Hinterland, Question of the, 547, 550

Hohenlohe, Prince, 589

Hohenzollern, House of, 11, 39-41, 129;

also see Germany

Holland, 5, 554-5, 641-2

Holstein, 5, 26

Holy Alliance, the, 5, 319

Holy Roman Empire, the, 136

Hornby, Admiral, 224

Hoskier, M., 340

Hudson, Sir James, 274

Hungary, 32, 36, 159, 263, 277

Hunter, General, 487

Iddesleigh, Lord, 519

Ignatieff, General, 174, 177, 181, 229, 230, 232, 332

India, 165, 212, 365, 368, 592

"International Association of the Congo," 545, 547-9

"Internationale," the, 292

Isabella, Queen, 40

Ismail, Khedive, 438-40, 442

Istria, 329

Isvolsky, M., 615

"Italia irredenta," 329

Italo-Turkish War, the, 624, 628

Italy, 4-11, 16-23, 28, 30, 34, 37, 38, 55, 56, 63, 89-92, 148, 228, 266, 284, 319, 335, 350, 453, 485, 487, 540, 541, 567, 601, 603-5, 607, 615-17, 624, 628, 631, 636, 643, 646-7, 649

Italy and the Triple Alliance, 327-331, 600, 601, 615, 624, 637, 647

Jacob, General, 385

Jacobabad, Treaty of, 385

Jagow, Herr von, 645

Jameson, Dr. 587

Janssen, M., 552

Japan, 348, 572-4, 576-8, 581-4, 585, 597-9

Jaurés, M., 634

Jermak, 361, 569, 570

Jesuits, the, 138

Jews, persecution of the, 304, 305

Johnstone, Sir Harry, 519, 541

Kamchatka, 570, 571

Karaveloff, M., 256, 259, 280

Kars, 194, 229, 234

Kassala, 487, 488, 491

Katkoff, M., 259, 283, 324, 332, 333, 334, 337

Kaufmann, General, 366, 383, 398

Kaulbars, General, 255, 257-8, 283, 284

Khalifa, passim chap. xvii.

Khama, 533

Khartum, 437, 439, 445, passim chaps. xvi. xvii.

Khelat, Khan of, 384-5

Khiva, 365, 374, 377

Khokand, 383

Khyber Pass, 386, 390, 394, 401, 412

Kiamil Pacha, 630

Kiao-chau, 580-81

Kiderlen-Wächter, Herr, 621-2

Kiel, North Sea Canal, 587, 604, 637-8

Kirk, Sir John, 518, 541

Kitchener, Lord, 441, 479, 598, passim chap. xvii.

Komaroff, General, 427, 428

Königgrätz, Battle of, 18-20

Kordofan, 461, 462, 470, 476

Korea, 568

Korsakoff, General, 254

Kossuth, 6

Krüdener, General, 200, 206-7

Krüger, President, 586-7

Kultur-Kampf, the, 139-41

Kuropatkin, General, 311-12, 314, 422-3

Kurram Valley, the, 394-7, 400

Labouchere, Mr., 336

Lado, 502, 558-9

Lagos, 539

Lamsdorff, Count, 575

Lansdowne, Lord, 433, 567, 597, 602, 606

Lavigerie, Cardinal, 534

Lawrence, Lord J., 365, 368-9, 371, 385, 387

Layard, Sir Henry, 221, 226, 245, 246

Leboeuf, Marshall, 47, 53, 64, 65

Lebrun, General, 34-6, 65

Leflô, General, 322

Le Mans, Battle of, 98

Leo XIII., 327, 331, 335

Leopold II. (King of the Belgians), 342, 465, 509, 514, 543, 550-52, 555-7, 558, 565

Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern, 40, 42

Lessar, M., 424

Lesseps, M. de, 438, 441

Lewis, General, 487

Liaotung Peninsula, 577, 578, 581-2

Liberation, Wars of (1813-14), 635

Li-Hung Chang, 577, 578, 582

Lissa, Battle of, 17

Livingstone, D., 508-9, 543-4, 567

Lobánoff, Prince, 575

Local Government (French), 119, 120

Lomakin, General, 420

Lombardy, 5-11, 32

London, Conference of (1867), 15, 28

Congress of (1871), 95

London, Peace Conference at (1913), 630-31, 634

Lorraine, 94, 103, 105, 132, 133-4

Lothaire, Commandant, 553

Loubet, M., 127, 601

Louis Philippe, King, 6

Lovtcha, 210, 212

Lübeck, 132, 142

Lüderitz, Herr, 523

Lugard, Sir Frederick, 522, 537, 541

Lumsden, Sir Peter, 426

Luxemburg, 27, 28, 32, 39

Lyttleton, Colonel, 492

Lytton, Lord, 481-7, 490-92, 405-6, 417, 419

Macdonald, General, 402, 487, 491, 496-8

Macdonald, Ramsay, 646

Macedonia, 158, 230, 248, 250, 287-8, 391

Mackenzie, Rev. John, 530-31, 541

Mackinnon, Sir William, 516, 541

Maclaine, Lieutenant, 408, 415

MacMahon, Marshall, 59-61, 74-80, 123, 125-7, 322, 525-6

Mahdi, the, 266; chaps. xvi. xvii. passim

Maiwand, Battle of, 407-11

Malet, Sir Edward, 548

Malmesbury, Lord, 47

Manchuria, 345-6, 349, 568, 578, 580, 584

Mancíní, Sígnor, 355

Manin, 7

Marchand, Colonel, 501-6, 540

Maritz, General, 635

Marschall, Baron von, 605

Mars-la-Tour, Battle of, 67-70

Maxwell, General, 487, 491, 497

"May Laws," the, 139-41, 319

Mayo, Lord, 372-3

Mazzini, 6, 7, 91, 92, 304, 327

Mecklenburg, 17, 142

Mehemet Ali, Pasha, 204, 209, 215-16

Melikoff, General Loris, 194, 296-8

Méline, M., 504

Mentana, Battle of, 28, 90

Mercantile System, the, 150

Merriman, Mr., 586

Merv, 345, 374, 387, 388, 423-5, 431, 518

Metternich, Prince, 7, 36

Metz, 55, 63-73, 97, 104

Mexico, 19, 26, 31

Midhat, Pasha, 178-9, 186

Milan, King, 167, 263, 269-72

Milner, Lord, 440, 448, 598

Milutin, General, 204, 215

Mir, the, 294, 307

Mohammed Ali, 437-8

Mohammed V., 618

Moltke, Count von, 18, 43, 65, 66, 78, 85, 104, 130, 193, 205, 320

Mombasa, 520, 523

Montenegro, 158, 163, 167, 173-4, 180, 194, 204, 225, 229, 232, 238, 242, 246-7, 263

Morier, Sir Robert, 187, 273, 286, 302, 428

Morley, Mr. John, 427

Morocco, 602, 604-7, 609-10, 620 seq., 636-7

Moslem Creed, the, and Christians, 156-8, 186-7

Mukden, 598, 606

Mukhtar, Pasha, 208

Münster, Count, 523

Murad V., 169

Muravieff, Count, 571-3, 575, 589

Nabokoff, Captain, 278

Nachtigall, Dr., 533-4

Napoleon I., 2-4, 12, 13, 15-17, 23, 25, 89, 100, 160, 325, 437, 537, 593, 608, 610

Napoleon III., 6, 7, 9-11, 16, 17, 19, 20, 25-33, 37-40, 46-9, 52, 63-5, 75-8, 84-6, 88-9, 98, 99, 105, 123, 138, 142, 162, 538, 599

Napoleon, Prince Jerome, 20, 37

Natal, 527, 528, 529, 534

National African Company, the, 535

National Assembly, the French, 98-108, 115-26

Nationality, 2-12, 23, 25, 26-8, 36, 89, 586

Nelidoff, Count, 265, 274, 277

Nelson, 437, 441

Nesselrode, Count, 364

Netherlands, the, 586

Nice, 9, 30, 39

Nicholas, I., 160, 289, 292, 304, 308, 364

Nicholas II., 289, 311-14, 346, 349, 506, 575, 580, 584, 590, 594, 598. 610, 614, 617, 621-2, 640, 643, 649

Nicholas, Grand Duke, 192-3, 200-2, 206, 210, 215, 223, 229, 291, 292

Nicholas, Prince of Montenegro, 263

Nicopolis, 196, 200-1, 206, 217

Niger, river, 533-40, 548

Nigeria, 534-7

Nihilism, 112, 233, 266-7, 291-8, 300-4, 327

Nikolsburg, 19

Northbrook, Lord, 373-4, 376, 379, 381, 465

Northcote, Sir Stafford, 168, 224, 225, 243

North German Confederation, 22, 35, 51, 52, 136

Norway, 4, 5

Novi-Bazar, 332

Novi-Bazar, Sanjak of, 612

Nuttall, General, 411

Obock, 504, 540

Obretchoff, General, 324, 326

O'Donovan, Mr., 424, 462

Ollivier, M., 28, 29, 34, 41, 46, 47, 55, 65

Olmütz, Convention of, 12, 18

Omdurman, Battle of, 441, 493-500

Orleans, 97

Osman Digna, 470, 486

Osman Pasha, 196, 200, 205, 214-19

Palikao, Count, 65, 75, 77, 79, 87

Palmerston, Lord, 30, 438, 441

Pan-German Movement, 593-4, 621

Pan-Islamic Movement, 592-3, 608

Panjdeh, 346, 426-9, 432

Papal States, the, 9, 10

Paris, 87, 88, 95, 97, 98, 105, 107-113, 120

Paris Commune, the (1871), 106-113, 116, 315

Paris, Comte de, 117, 122

Paris, Treaty of (1856), 161, 176

Peiwar, Kotal, Battle at, 396

Pekin, Capture of, 595

Persia, 367, 368, 374, 378, 380, 609, 624

Persian Gulf, the, 592

Peshawur, 394

Peter, King of Servia, 615

Peters, Dr. Karl, 517-19, 522

Phayre, General, 416

Philippopolis, 219, 260, 263-4, 270, 271, 281

Picard, M., 103

Piedmont, 7

Pishin, 400

Pius IX., 6, 7, 38, 89-91, 122, 138-9, 141, 327

Plevna, Battles at, 206-19

Pobyedonosteff, 299, 300

Poland, 4, 5, 25, 26, 31, 301

Pondoland, 529

Port Arthur, 346, 580

Porte, the. See Turkey

Portsmouth, Treaty of, 598

Portugal, 520, 525, 526, 540, 541, 546-9

Posen, 141

Primrose, General, 407, 411

Prudhon, 292-5

Prussia (1815-66), 4-22, 26, 51-5, 95, 130, 140, 141. See Germany

Quadrilateral, the Turkish, 194-7, 199-200

Quetta, 381, 385, 398, 412, 416, 432

Rabinek, Herr, 565

Rachfahl, Herr, 605

Radetzky, General, 209, 220

Radowitz, Herr von, 321

Radziwill, Princess, 236-7, 291

Rauf Pasha, 460-61

Rawlinson, Sir Henry, 380

Redcliffe, Lord Stratford de, 188

Redmond, Mr., 646

Reichstag, the German, 133-4, 140, 141, 145-6

Reventlow, Count, 587, 595, 603, 637-8

Revolutions of 1848, 6-7, 11-12

Rezonville, Battle of, 67-70

Rhodes, Mr. Cecil, 530-32, 541

Rhodesia, 532

Riaz Pasha, 445

Ribot, M., 346

Ripon, Lord, 406, 412, 417

Roberts, Lord, 379, 389, 392-3, 395-8, 402-4, 535

Rohrbach, Herr, 637

Rome, 7, 10, 38, 89-92, 95, 138

Roon, Count von, 17, 43

Rosebery, Earl of, 275, 276, 503, 519, 528

Roumania, 26, 157, 158, 162, 192-3, 220, 222, 225, 229-30, 238-40, 257, 260-62, 269

Roumania, King of, 41

Rouvier, M., 607

Royal Niger Company, the, 526, 540

Rubber Tax, in Congo State, 565-7

Russell, Lord John, 14, 15

Russell, Lord Odo, 322

Russia, 5, 9, 12, 13, 26, 31, 32, 55, 95, 112, 145, 148, 161, 164-8, 172, 182, 190-92, 231, 234, 240, 289, 290, 318, 322-7, 331-5, 337, 341-5, 347-9, 371, 446, 447-8, 457, 458, 472, 485, 527, 586, 590-91, 593-5, 597, 603, 606-8, 612-13, 615-17, 621, 624, 626, 629-31, 633-4, 640-44, 647-8

and Bulgaria, 253-88

and Finland, 307-14

and Japan, 585, 592, 598-9

and the Jews, 304-5

and Turkey, 222-7, 229-42

army of, 635, 638

Russia in Central Asia, 359-66, 371-4, 376-80, 383, 387-91, 398-9, 403, 419-30

in the Far East, 595-6, 598, 614, chap. xx. passim

Russo-Japanese War, 598-9, 602

Russo-Turkish War, 585

Rustchuk, 194, 199, 208, 265, 280-82, 285, 334

Saarbrücken, Battle of, 61, 62

Said, Khedive, 438

St. Hilaire, Barthélémy de, 328

St. Lucia Bay, 519, 525, 527, 528, 534

St. Privat, Battle of See Gravelotte

St. Quentin, Battle of, 98

Saladin, 591

Salisbury, Marquis of, 176-7, 187, 232-4, 240, 243, 266-9, 272, 275, 283, 287, 328, 336, 380-81, 383, 387, 428, 505, 519, 522, 540, 554, 581

Salonica, 167, 229

Samarcand, 365-6, 371, 388-9, 604

Samoa, 588, 610

Samory, 539

San Stefano, Treaty of, 229-32, 233, 238, 253

Sandeman, Sir Robert, 384-5

Sardinia, Kingdom of, 8-11, 162

Saxony, 4, 5, 11, 18, 134-6

Sazonoff, M., 641

Schleswig-Holstein, 5, 12, 13-16, 21, 26, 142

Schnaebele, M., 334, 338

Sedan, Battle of, 77-88

Septennate, the (in France), 123

Serpa Pinto, 540

Servia, 158-9, 163, 167, 173-4, 180, 194, 225, 229, 232, 238, 242, 257, 258, 267, 612-13, 615-16, 631, 637, 639-43, 648-9

Seymour, Admiral, 449-50

Shan-tung, Province of, 580, 581

Shere Ali, 369-74, 376-7, 379-80, 384, 386-8, 390-92, 398-400

Sherpur, Engagements at (1878), 404

Shipka Pass, 197, 201-3, 208, 220

Shumla, 194, 208

Shutargardan Pass, the, 402

Shuvaloff, Count, 233, 235

Siberia, 361, 366, 570-72, 574

Sibi, 398, 400

Simon, Jules, 103

Sistova, 196, 197, 199, 208, 217

Skiernewice, 258, 266, 284, 302, 332-5, 426, 515-18

Skobeleff, General, 198-9, 203, 210, 211-15, 220, 259, 330, 388-9, 421-4, 431

Slave-trade, the, 558, 562

Slavophils, the, 310-12, 339

Slivnitza, Battle of, 270-71

Soboleff, General, 255, 257-8

Sofia, 210, 219, 271, 273, 278-9

Solferino, Battle of, 9

Somaliland, 540

South Africa Company, British, 533

South German Confederation, 21, 22, 35

South-West Africa (German), 523-7, 531-2

Spain, 40, 41, 42, 605

Spicheren, Battle of, 62, 63

Stambuloff, 256, 259, 264, 289, 283-6, 334

Stanley, Sir H.M., 465, 508-9, 543-4, 552, 553

State Socialism (in Germany), 150-53

Steinmetz, General, 71

Stephenson, General, 474

Stepniak, 294, 303

Stewart, Colonel, 466, 476

Stewart, Sir Donald, 398, 405

Stewart, Sit Herbert, 480

Stiege, Admiral, 623

Stoffel, Colonel, 53

Stokes, Mr., execution of, 565

Stolieteff, General, 388-90, 398

Stundists, the, 305-7

Suakim, 462, 473, 478, 486, 488, 518

Sudan, the, passim chaps. xvi. xvii.

Suez Canal, the, 166, 190, 225, 438, 439, 457, 513

Suleiman Pasha, 204, 208-9, 215, 216, 219, 221

Swat Valley, the, 433

Sweden, 4, 5

Switzerland, 98, 148

Tamai, Battle of, 470

Tangier, 614

Tashkend, 365, 388, 433

Tatisheff, M., 643

Tchernayeff, General, 174

Tchirsky, Herr von, 640

Tel-el-Kebir, Battle of, 454-5

Tewfik, Khedive, 442-7, 452-3, 458, 461, 466-7, 487, 503, 507

Thessaly, 240-41, 248-9

Thiers, M., 26, 27, 47, 87, 94, 100-6, 108, 114-19, passim chaps. iv. v.

Thomson, Joseph, 509-10, 535-6, 541

Thornton, Sir Edward, 427

Three Emperors' League, the, 179, 184, 319-23, 326, 332-4, 448, 515

Tilsit, Treaty of, 308

Timbuctu, 539

Tipu Tib, 553

Tirard, M., 341

Tirpitz, Admiral von, 589, 609

Tisza, M., 180, 283

Todleben, 216-17

Togo, Admiral, 598

Trans-Siberian Railway, the, 574-6, 580, 582-3, 599

Transvaal, the, 525, 527, 586

Treitschke, Herr, 626, 636

Trentino, 335

Triple Alliance, the, 21, 327-33, 335-9, 453, 515, 590-1, 599-601, 609, 615, 624, 635, 637, 647

Triple Entente, the, 593, 595, 609, 617, 635, 647, 649

Trochu, General, 101

Tsushima, Battle of, 598

Tunis, 328-30, 436, 448, 513-14, 600

Turgenieff, 294, 295

Turkestan, 361, 364, 366-7, 419-30

Turkey, 5, 155, 168-77, 181, 187-8, 190-221, 229-42, 332, 342, 348, 436-8, 446, 502, 567, 592, 613, 615-616, 618, 624, 628-30, 632, 638-9

Uganda, 502, 522-3

Umballa, Conference at, 372-3

Umberto I., King of Italy, 327, 329-31, 333, 335, 336

United Kingdom. See Great Britain

United Netherlands, Kingdom of, 5

United States, the, 30, 31, 547, 567, 578, 581, 596-8, 607

Vandervelde, M., 557

Venetia, 5-11, 17, 19, 21

Verdun, 65, 68

Versailles, 103, 106, 108, 109, 129

Victor Emmanuel II., King of Italy, 2-11, 37, 63, 90, 327

Victor Emmanuel III., 601, 615

Victoria, Queen, 14, 145, 165, 171, 223-4, 261, 322

proclaimed Empress of India, 382

Victoria, Crown Princess of Germany, 323

Vienna, Treaty of (1815), 4, 5

Vionville, Battle of, 67-70

Viviani, M., 644

Vladivostok, 572, 575, 580

Waddington, M., 240, 245, 246, 328

Wady Halfa, 439, 476, 478, 483, 484, 486, 489, 502

Waldeck-Rousseau, M., 600

Waldemar, Prince, 284

Walfisch Bay, 524

Wallachia, 160-62

Warren, Sir Charles, 531-2

Wei-hai-wei, 582

West Africa, 533-40

White, Major G., 402

White, Sir William, 177, 187, 265, 267-9, 273-4, 287, 302

Widdin, 194, 196, 200, 206, 270

William I. (King of Prussia, German Emperor), 11-22, 31, 32, 41-6, 73, 104, 129-30, 137, 152, 236, 321-2, 325, 335, 339, 517, 594

William II. (King of Prussia, German Emperor), 151-3, 339-40, 342, 522, 580, 582, 586-93, 598-9, 604, 606-611, 614, 616-7, 620-1, 623-4, 632, 636-7, 639-41, 643-6

William, Crown Prince of Germany, 625, 646

William of Weid, Prince, 632

Wilson, Sir Charles, 480

Wimpffen, General de, 79-86

Winton, Sir Francis de, 552

Wissmann, Lieutenant von, 546

Wolf, Dr., 546

Wolff, Sir H. Drummond, 485

Wolseley, Lord, 454-6, 466, 475, 476, 478, 481, 507

Wörth, Battle of, 59-62

Würtemberg, 21, 131, 133-5, 137

Yakub Khan, 379, 400-3

Young Turk Party, the, 612-3, 616, 618

Revolution (1908), 615

Zankoff, M., 280

Zanzibar, 516-21, 532, 553

Zazulich, Vera, 292

Zebehr, Pasha, 469-73

Zemstvo, the, 293, 296, 301

Zola, Emile, 600

Zulfikar Pass, the, 428