The Defeat of Varus and the German Frontier Policy of Augustus

INDEX

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All chapters and sections (9)

Agrippa, 65 f., 74.

Alexander, 108 f.

Aliso, 89, Appendix, Chapter IV, n. 16.

Arabia, 106.

Ariovistus, Chapter IV, n. 8.

Armenia, 83, 109 f.

Arminius, 10, 13, 17, 47;

in literature, Chapter I, n. 38;

eulogized by Tacitus, 30 ff.

Augustus: attempt of to subdue Germany, 9 f., 27;

refutation of this view—summary, 80;

worship of, Chapter I, n. 11; p. 75;

opposed to expansion by conquest, 12 f., 57;

purpose of operations in Germany, 18, 57;

protection of Gaul and Italy by him a military and political necessity, 18, 63 f., 66;

character of, 54 f.;

policy one of peace, 60 ff.;

influenced by military leaders, 65 f.;

influenced by political considerations, 67 ff.

Auxilia, 39, 41.

Borma, Chapter IV, notes 8 and 22.

Buffer states: general policy of, 85, 105 ff.;

historic examples of, 105 ff.

Caesar, 10, 27 f., 55;

in Britain and Germany, 106.

Causarum patroni, 96 ff., Chapter IV, n. 34.

Commerce in Germany, 92, Chapter IV, n. 15, Appendix, Chapter IV, n. 16.

Dacia, 107.

Dio, 21 f., 56, Chapter IV, n. 29;

p. 99 ff.;

his description of battle contradicted by Tacitus, 25 f.

Drusus and Tiberius: campaigns of, 12, Chapter IV, n. 23;

influence of on Augustus, 65 f.

Elbe, the, as frontier, 9 f., 11 ff., 65, 75.

Empires, ancient world, relations of to barbarians, 82 ff.

Engineering works, 92 ff.

Ethiopia, 107.

Fleet, 41, 51, Appendix, Chapter IV, n. 16.

Flevum, 90.

Florus, 23 ff., 27 f., 75, 96, 100, Chapter IV, n. 29.

Forts, Chapter IV, n. 26; p. 110, 104, Appendix, Chapter IV, n. 16.

Frontiers: Armenia, 83;

Rhine, 83;

rivers, Chapter IV, n. 4;

western, Chapter IV, n. 8.

Germanicus, campaigns of, 30 f., 50, 53, 104.

Germans, attacks and provocations of against Rome, 63 f., 102 f.

Germany, attempted subjugation of, 9 ff., 27 f.;

anomaly of “conquest”, 77, 89 ff., 94 f.;

not made a Roman province, Chapter I, n. 11; p. 70 ff.; 76 ff.;

physical conditions of, 41, 51;

military forces of, 46, 49 f.;

military operations in, 87 ff.

German campaigns, strategy of, 42, 51, 88 f.;

defensive character of, 102 ff.

Legions: number of, 36 f., 41;

composition of, 38 ff., Chapter III, n. 11;

size of standing army, 41 ff.;

percentage of population in army, 41;

size of Rhine army, Chapter IV, n. 54.

Notes in this chapter

Note 11 · See also Mommsen, Röm. Gesch., V, 31 f.; Schiller, op. cit., p. 222. Riese (Forschungen zur Gesch. der Rheinlande in der Römerzeit, Frankfur Note 38 · Cf., e. g., the poem Hermann (in twelve books, 2nd ed., 1753) by Christopher Otto von Schönaich, beginning: “Von dem Helden will ich singen,Note 1 · The great interest in the story of Arminius and his victory has led to an examination of the sources by many investigators. The following is Note 1 · [68] Monumentum Ancyranum, V, 14. Cf. Dio, 56, 33; Suet., Aug., 101; Tac., Ann., I, 11: “quae cuncta sua manu perscripserat Augustus addider Note 12 · Kaiser Augustus, p. 486; cf. Dio, 57, 5. However, Meyer attaches undue significance to this fact. While the old rule confined service in the Note 68 · The reduction of the army after the battle of Actium shows that Augustus wished no larger standing forces than would be sufficient for the i Note 108 · But see the evidence to prove that as late as 6 A. D. Augustus did not consider Germany a province. (See Chapter III, note 85). Augustus’ ow Note 4 · Upon the general inadequacy of rivers as frontier lines there are some good remarks by Lord Curzon, The Romanes Lecture: Frontiers, Oxford, Note 8 · These are perhaps the “strategical considerations which tempted the Romans beyond [the Rhine and the Danube], as the English have been tempt Note 15 · Roman traders were active far beyond the limits of the empire. They constitute a familiar feature of Caesar’s campaigns in Gaul. For example Note 17 · Tacitus, Ann., I, 56: “positoque castello super vestigia paterni praesidii in monte Tauno.” This is probably the same fort which Dio (54, 36 Note 22 · The most important was certainly the fossa Drusiana which led from the Rhine to the North Sea, through a lake, probably that of Flevum (Taci Note 23 · For the literature on these see Gardthausen, Augustus, II, p. 763 f. Nothing definite is known about them. If very significant for the “conq Note 26 · Dio (56, 18, 2) states that “their (i. e. Roman) soldiers were beginning to winter there and were founding cities”, but just what these “cit Note 29 · This time Dio alone (56, 18, 3) mentions this feature: “he gave them orders like slaves and in particular collected property from them as fr Note 34 · We must here consider the impassioned language which Tacitus (Ann., I, 59) puts in the mouth of Arminius: “Germanos numquam satis excusaturo Note 36 · The siege of Aliso is, of course, abundantly described. The sea coast was not given up at all, as is well known, and whatever castella may h Note 54 · This has been recognized by Gardthausen, Augustus, I, p. 706. That this danger was a real one is clear from the wars with the Gaetulians and