INDEX

A B C D E F G H I J K

L M N O P Q R S T V W

A

Acineta mystacina, amœba catches and devours an, 50.

Actinophrys, power of differentiation in A. Eichornii, 7; Brachionus captured by, 7; uric acid crystals and sand grains in an experiment with, 9; taste in, 9; sight in, 11; memory of locality in, 49, 52; lying in wait for, and devouring the young of, a pythium, 49; love of pastime in, 123; death-feigning by, 201; effect of alcohol on, 219.

Adelops, homing sense in blind, 196; author's experiments in demonstrating homing sense of blind, 196.

Albinism, axolotl affected by, 182; difference between etiolation and, 182, 184.

Alciope, eyes of, 17.

Alga, stentor feeding on spores of, 47.

Amœba, young acineta caught by, 51.

Anemone, Romanes' experiment with, 42; death-feigning by, 205.

Anergates, parasitic, 156, 157.

Angleworm, differentiation between light and darkness by, 54; experiments with light on, 55; ocelli of, 55; Darwin's theory as to deafness in, 55; organs of audition in, 56; author's experiments with, 56; conscious choice in, 56; taste in, 56, 57.

Ant, memory of locality in the, 62; memory of friends (kindred) in the, 65; Huber's observations, 66; author's experiments with Lasius niger, 66; claviger beetles recognized and petted by, 73; gray matter in the brain of, 99; nerve-cells and nerve-filaments in the brain cortex of, 99; Lubbock's experiments (chloroform and alcohol) with, 99; sympathy evinced by, 100; parental care of worker ants for young, 103; love of amusement in the, 125; author's observations of L. flavus, 125, 126; Claviger foveolatus fondled by, 126; Huber's observations of pratensis, 125; Lubbock's observations of Beckia, a pet of, 126; author's observations of Podura in the nests of F. fusca and F. rufescens, 126; evidence of reason in the, 152; funeral of an, 153; battle between, 153; author's verification of Huber's experiment with slave, 155; degeneration in, 155; Lubbock's summary of degeneration in, 156; homing sense in the, 197; death-feigning in the, 212.

Anthrobia, eyeless, 11.

Ape, cat affectionately treated by an, 83.

Aphis, ants domesticate the, 73.

Argiope, mason wasps for food prefer the spider, 170.

Atropia, sympathetic nerves paralyzed by, 191.

Axolotl, color-changing in, 184; Paul Bert's experiments with, 184; Semper's experiments with, 184; Kölliker's experiments with, 184.

B

Balancers, of Tabanus atratus, 34; of Chrysops niger, 33; of Diplosis resinicola, 33.

Bascanion constrictor, recognition of individuals by, 75; bird decorates its nest with skin of, 127.

Bass, parental affection in, 138; homing sense in black, 200.

Beckia, ants domesticate and pet, 126.

Bird, memory of individuals in, 76, 77; gratitude in, 77, 93; homing sense in, 199.

Bombardier bug, death-feigning in, 211.

Brachionus, actinophrys captures, 7.

Brachionus urceolaris, death-feigning in, 206.

Bumblebee, revenge and anger in, 71; recognition of a certain dog by, 71.

Burying beetle, homing sense in, 197.

Butterfly, suitable food for larva selected by, 103; age of tropical, 137; Miranda's observations, 137, 138.

C

Calotis, third eye of, 27.

Canthon lævis, death-feigning in, 210.

Capuchin monkey, surgical operation on a, 95; faith in man's ability to aid evinced by a, 96.

Carabidæ, auditory vesicles of, 37; memory of locality in, 64.

Cat, pride of offspring in a male, 142; idea of time shown by a, 177.

Catfish, parental affection in, 138, 139.

Cerambyx, sense of hearing in, 36; Will's experiment with, 36.

Chacma, cat chosen as friend by, 83; author's test for memory of individuals in, 84.

Chameleon, educated, 75; recognition of individual by, 75.

Chick, pigment cells in embryonic, 186, 187.

Chimpanzee, laughter and smiles evinced by, 89; faculty of computing in, 177; recognition of property rights by, 221.

Chrysops niger, balancers of, 33; organs of hearing in, 33.

Cicindelidæ, auditory vesicles of, 37; memory of locality in, 64.

Claviger foveolatus, ants make a pet of, 73.

Coccinellæ, peculiar assemblages of female, 126, 127.

Cock, friendship between a drake and a, 78; fondness for violin music in a, 122.

Consciousness, definition of, 43; time element in, 44; the probable location of active, 216; the probable location of the sub-liminal, 216.

Corydalis, auditory rods of, 30.

Cow, dog the guardian and friend of a, 80.

Crab, Pouchet's experiment on the chromatophores of, 189.

Crayfish, eyes of, 21; power of vision in, 23; pugnacity of, 23.

Cricket, ears of, 31.

Cymothoe, eyes of fresh-water, 13.

D

Determination, the origin of conscious, 40.

Dinocharis pocillum, death-feigning in, 206.

Diplosis resinicola, balancers of, 33.

Diptera, ears of, 33; love of pastime in, 125.

Dog, cow chosen as a friend by a, 78; laughter in, 90; fondness for certain musical keys in the, 112; author's experiments with the, 113; origin of musical discrimination in the, 114; knowledge of the echo in the, 115; author's observations of an echo-loving, 115; parental affection in the, 141; abstract idea of numbers in the, 173, 174; phenomenon of dreaming in the, 218; medication by sick, 220.

Drosera rotundifolia, insectivorous, 208.

Duck, friendship between bantam cock and, 78; hawk attacked and killed by, 78; sense of direction in, 199.

Dyticus marginalis, auditory rods of, 30; death-feigning in a fresh-water annelid when approached by, 204.

E

Eagle, recognition of individuals by, 76.

Ear, Dyticus, 30; corydalis, 30; grasshopper's, 31; Tabanus, 34.

Earwig, method of incubation practised by, 105; care of young by, 105; M. Geer's experiment with, 105; love of offspring in, 106; author's experiments in testing parental affection in the, 136.

Eciton hamata, ants of the same species rescue an imprisoned, 100; Belt's experiments in testing the sympathy of, 101.

Elephant, abstract ideation in the, 217; Conklin's testimony as to abstract ideation in, 218; mud used to stop bullet holes by, 220; a branch of a bush used as a fan by, 221.

Epipone spinipes, method of supplying larva with fresh food used by, 104; differentiation in the amount of food for male and female grub, 104.

Etiolation, definition of, 184, 185.

Euplocinæ, length of life in tropical, 137.

Eye, flounder's, 9; plaice's, 9; sole's, 9; mole's, 10; fresh-water Cymothoe's, 13; Œquorea's, 15; sea-urchin's, 16; oyster's, 17; Alciope's, 17; snail's, 19; crayfish's, 21; Gyrinus', 23; Periophthalmus', 25; Orchidium's, 26; calotis', 27.

F

Fish, phosphorescent and pigmented, 13; parental affection in, 138; sense of direction in, 200.

Flea, memory in the, 86; dancing and military evolutions by, 86; method of educating the, 87.

Flounder, the origin of unilateral eyes in, 9.

Formica fusca, sympathy in, 100; species of Podura domesticated by, 126.

Formica rufa, sympathy evinced by, 102.

Formica rufescens, pet beetles in the nest of, 126.

Formica sanguinea, slave-making habit in, 155; sympathy evinced by, 102; Lubbock's observations of a sick, 102.

Frog, tinctumutation in the, 182; chromatophores of, 182; Heincke's observations, 183; location of color-changing sense in, 190.

G

Gadfly, selection of suitable spot for oviposition by, 103.

Gilt catfish, gyropeltes make the toilet of, 130; color-changing in, 183; author's experiments on the color-changing function of, 191.

Gobius ruthensparri, tinctumutation in, 183.

Goggle-eye perch, love of offspring in, 138; homing sense in, 200.

Goose, homing sense in the, 199.

Gorilla, use of cudgel by, 222.

Grasshopper, ears of, 30.

Gyrinus, indifference to seasons shown by, 23; eyes of, 24.

Gyropeltes, health of gilt catfish dependent on, 130.

H

Heliconidæ, length of life in, 138.

Helix pomatia, love of amusement in, 123; author's observations, 124.

Hemiptera, organs of audition in, 29.

Hog, friendship between a dog and a, 81.

Honey bee, recognition of impending calamity by, 90; consternation and dismay manifested by, 90; remarkable engineering feat by, 91; joy evinced by, 91; grief shown by, 91, 92; Huber's experiment demonstrating reason in, 178.

Horse, love of offspring in the, 143; seeking man's aid when in trouble, 144; self-medication by, 220.

Hound, death-feigning by, 212.

Humming-bird, decorative instinct in, 128.

Hydra, water-louse feeding on the buds of, 52.

Hydrozoa, nerve-tissue in, 41.

Hymenoptera, recognition of kindred in social, 69.

I

Ichneumon, method of ovipositing in the bodies of caterpillars used by, 104.

Instinct, definition of, 147, 148.

J

Jay, parental love in the, 142; battle between cat and, 143.

Jelly-fish, anatomy, physiology, and psychology of, 4; nerve-ring in nectocalyx of, 5; "eyes" of, 5; manubrium or "handle" of, 5; sensitiveness of nervous system in, 5; pulsing of nectocalyx in, 5; intoxicated, 15; light sought by, 15; effect of the excision of the marginal bodies of, 52; conscious determination in, 52; effect of alcohol on, 219.

K

Katydid, color-changing function in, 191, 192.

L

Land terrapin, memory of locality in, 65; homing sense in, 65; author's experiments with, 65.

Lasius flavus, author's experiments with, 67; slow in recognizing kin, 67; ants of the same species disinter buried, 101.

Lasius niger, memory of kindred in, 66.

Lepidoptera, organs of hearing in, 35.

Letisimulation, definition of, 202; origin of, 206.

Limpet, homing sense in, 194; Romanes on the homing sense in, 195.

Liothe, fowls cleaned by, 129.

Lizard, Ada Sterling's account of Kate Field's music-loving, 119; fondness for music in the tree, 119; Chilhowie "singing," 120; author's experiment with the piccolo on, 120.

Lobster, love of offspring in the, 137; battle between monkey and gravid, 137.

Locust, love of cleanliness in, 130; diamond mistaken for dewdrop by, 131; carnivorous tastes in the, 131; description of the toilet of a, 132.

Lycosa, love of music in, 108; tameness of, 110.

M

Mammoth Cave, eyeless spider of, 11; eyeless fish of, 11; homing sense in the beetles of, 196.

Mandril, a revengeful, 95.

Medusa, intoxicated, 15.

Melanoplus, reënforcing auditory ganglia of, 32.

Memory, its discussion under four heads, 60.

Mimosa pudica, death-feigning by, 208.

Mimosa strigilosa, death-feigning by, 208.

Mind, definition of, 1.

Mole, degeneration of sight organs in, 10.

Moneron, non-differentiation of nerve-cells in, 3; nervoid elements in, 3.

Monkey, author chosen as a friend by, 82; a laughing, 89; sorrow and reproach manifested by, 97; faculty of computing in the, 177; use of hammer by a, 222.

Morphology, its correlation with physiology, 2.

Mouse, love of music in, 116; musical discrimination in, 117; Quigley's observations, 117; Benedick's experiments with, 117; author's observations and analysis of the song of "singing," 118; Ada Sterling's observations of music-loving, 118, 119.

Mule, idea of time evinced by a, 175, 176.

Myrianida, eyes of, 17; reproduction in, 18.

Myrmeca ruginodis, memory of friends (kindred) in, 68; experiments with, 68.

Myrmecocystus, the honey-making, 157; natural history of, 158; author's experiments in testing the reasoning powers of, 158, 159; division of labor in a colony of, 161.

N

Nectocalyx, marginal bodies in jelly-fish's, 51.

Nerve, transmission of impressions through, 41; the power of discrimination in, 41; the association of ideas (impressions) in, 43; memory in, 43.

Newt, tinctumutation in, 186; author's experiments with, 186.

O

Œquorea, eyes of, 15.

Œstrus equi, selection of foreleg of horse for oviposition by, 103.

Onchidium, cephalic eyes of, 26; dorsal eyes of, 26.

Opossum, letisimulation in the, 202, 212.

Orang-utan, laughter in the, 89; use of missiles by, 222.

Ox, homing sense in the, 199, 200.

Oyster, eyes of, 16.

P

Papilioninæ, length of life in tropical, 137.

Perch, love of offspring in the white, 138.

Periophthalmus, habitat of, 25; peculiar mode of life of, 25; eyes of, 25; food of, 26.

Pigeon, love of music in the, 122; Lockman's account of a music-loving, 122; musical discrimination in, 122.

Pipe-fish, parental affection in the, 139; Risso's observations, 139.

Plaice, the origin of unilateral eyes in the, 9; absence of color-changing faculty in blind, 188; Pouchet's demonstration of the color-changing function of the sympathetic nerves in, 189.

Podura, F. fusca and F. rufescens make pets of, 126; author's observations of, 126.

Polyergus, lowering tendency of slavery shown by, 155, 156.

Prionus, author's experiments in locating organs of hearing in, 36.

Q

Quail, domesticated, 111; love of caresses in, 111; love of instrumental music in, 111; fondness for the singing voice in, 112.

R

Rat, fondness for instrumental music in, 116; power of musical discrimination in, 116.

Reason, definition of, 147; difference between instinct and, 148.

Rhizopod, sense of direction in, 48; Carter's observations of, 49; memory in, 60.

Robin, homing sense in, 199.

S

Sand-wasp, memory of locality in, 62; author's experiments with, 63.

Sarcoptes Hominis, death-feigning in, 209.

Satin bird, æstheticism in the male, 128; author's observations of, 128.

Sea-urchin, eyes of, 16.

Snail, eyes of, 19; visual powers of, 19; courtship of, 20; location of sense of direction in, 194; author's experiments with, 194; author's experiments in demonstrating homing sense in the, 194.

Snake, love of young in, 140; author's experiment in testing parental affection of, 140; sense of direction and "homing instinct" in, 198; author's observations of "homing instinct" in, 198.

Sole, the origin of unilateral eyes in the, 9.

Song-sparrow, memory of individuals in, 77; parental affection in, 143.

Spaniel, a laughing, 89.

Spider, memory in, 72; recognition of individuals by, 73; love of music in the, 108; author's experiments with piano on, 108; author's experiments with pipe organ on, 109; Reclain's observations on the love of music in, 109; decorative instinct present in, 110; peculiar web spun by, 110; parental affection in, 135; author's experiment in testing parental love of, 135; use of implement (pebble anchor) by, 222.

Squirrel, memory in the, 70.

Stentor polymorphus, nervous system of, 46; observations of and experiments with, 47; conscious determination in, 47; ganglia of, 47.

Strongalognathus, degeneration caused by the habit of slave-making in, 155, 156, 157.

T

Tabanus atratus, balancers of, 33; loss of equilibrium in, 33; anatomy of balancers of, 34; auditory hairs of, 34.

Termes, kinds of individuals in a colony of, 161; number of eggs laid by queen of, 162; size of gravid queen, 162; New Mexican, 163; soldiers and workers of, 163; instincts and reasoning powers of, 164.

Terrier, love of music in, 113; musical discrimination in, 113; abstract ideation in, 216.

Tinctumutation, definition of, 182; location of color-changing sense centre in, 183.

Toad, memory in the, 87; a performing, 87; parental affection in the Surinam, 140.

Triticum repens, sick dogs medicate themselves with, 220.

Turkey, memory of individuals in the, 76; recognition of property rights by the, 221.

V

Vanessa, tinctumutation in the larva of, 192.

Viper, death-feigning in the, 207.

Volition, definition of conscious, 39; physiological aspect of, 40.

W

Wasp, memory in the, 62; author's experiments in testing memory in the, 63, 69; memory of kindred in the, 65, 69; memory of locality and of events in the, 85; knowledge derived from a single experience by a, 85; length of life in the mud-dauber, 138; evidence of reason in the mud-dauber, 149, 150; psychic actualities of easy acquirement in the ant, the bee, and the, 151; faculty of computing in the mason, 169; author's experiments in testing the computing faculty in the, 170; method of preparing food for the male and female grubs used by the mason, 170.

Water-louse, sense of direction in the, 194.

Wren, distress and grief evinced by, 93; recognition of individuals by, 93; gratitude shown by, 94.