INDEX.

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, Y, Z

“Abant,” the word, 154. Abraham, Bible history begins with, 113, 129; and Lot, 126, 155. Accad, 125. Accadians, 124, 128; the inventors of cuneiform writing, 311. Adoption, ceremony of, among the Aryans, 146. Agglutinative languages, 79, 81, 83, 88 et seq.; spoken by the yellow race, 118. Agni, 210; hymn to, 211; the Indian fire-god, 248. Agricultural life, the, gives rise to new relations, 156. Ahanâ, 257. Ahura-mazda, the god of Zoroastrianism, 234. Air-god of the Egyptians, 188. Alani, the, 104, 325. Alaric, 325. Alphabet, the Phœnician, 304 et seq. Amenti, 179. Amun, 181, 201. Ana, 193. Ancestor worship, 143; of the Aryans, 147. Angles, the, 325. Animal gods of the Egyptians, 191. Animal worship of the Egyptians, 123. Anubis, 192. Aphroditê, 206, 224; an Asiatic divinity, 318. Apollo, 202, 209, 214; the god of the Dorians and Ionians, 216; shrines of, 216; the sun-god pursuing Daphne, 257; found in the mythology of all branches of the Aryan family, 258. Aral, lake, the region of, the home of the Turanians, 120. Aramæans, 124. Aratrum, the word, 108. Ares, the national divinity of the Thracians, 220. Armenians, 99. Art, the earliest rudiments of, 17. Artemis, 204, 223 et seq.; and Endymion, the story of, a moon myth, 263. “Arthur’s Chase,” 226. Aryans, 98; the origin of, 99; evidence of language concerning, 108; the early, a pastoral people, 132; their entry into Europe, 133; their social system, 140; their faculty for abstract thought, 201; the other world of, 241 et seq.; possessed a spiritual conception of the soul, 246; separation of, 316; their languages, 90; two main divisions of, 91; their mythology, remarkable for diversity of its legends, 199; their religion contrasted with Semitic, 197; the sky-god in, 199. Ashara, the, 195. Ashtoreth, 194. Assyrians, the, 98, 129; their gods, 193 et seq. Athene, 204 et seq., 222. Attila, 119. Australians, the, 118. Avars, the, 119. Aztec picture writing, 292. Aztecs of Mexico, the, 116. Baal, 193. Baal Chemosh, 194. Baal Zebub, 194. Babel, 124. Babylon, 127. Babylonians, the, 98. Bæda, quotation from, 1. Balder, 203; a sun-god, 229, 246; the myth of his death, 250 et seq. Barbarians, origin of word, 105. Barbarossa, legend of, 278. Barter in the stone age, 139. Bavarians, the, 104. “Beauty and the Beast,” 259. Bel Merodoch, 194. Beowulf, 327; the poem of, 267; the Lohengrin myth in, 276. Bible narrative, an aid to prehistoric study, 2; itself corrected and enlarged by prehistoric inquiry, 5; continuous history begins with Abraham, 113. Bil, Assyrian sun-god, 193. Black races, the, 115. Bow, earliest use of the, 50. Brahma, 202. Brehon laws, the, 322. Brennus, 322. Bridge of death, the, 277. Bronze age, the, 54; domestication of animals in, 148. Bronze introduced into Europe by the Aryans, 140. Bronze weapons, found throughout Europe, 149. Browning’s “Pied Piper of Hameln,” 272. Bulgarians, the, 106. Burgundians, the, 104, 325. Burial customs, 40. Burial mounds. See Tumuli. Canaanites, the, 98; their gods, 195. Carinthians, the, 105. Case endings, origin of, 75. Caspian Sea, the boundary of the Aryan home, 243. Cattle, place of, in Aryan mythology, 151. Cave-dwellers, 49; implements of, 15; drawings of, 18; used fire, 20; skeletons of, 21. Celts, the, 101, 322; their fighting capacity, 323. Cerberus, 245. Chaldæa, 123. Chaldæans, 98; a mixed people, 124; their buildings, 125; their civilization, traces of, found in that of Mexico and Peru, 128; their religion, 193. Cherdorlaomer, 126. China, 127. Chinese, 117; kept in a primitive condition by the early invention of writing; their characters, symbolic, 293 et seq.; determinitive signs of, 295; their civilization connected with that of the Accadians, 128. Cimbri, the, 103. Civilization, successive steps in the earliest, 135. Clovis, 325. Commerce of Cave-dwellers, 52; among the Aryans, 152. Confucius, 127. Cord records, 284. Crab, the word, 68. Cromlechs, 42. Cuneiform writing, 310. Cupid and Psyche, the myth of, 258. Cushites, the, 119. Cybele, 205. Czechs, the, 105. Dagon, 194. Daphne, the dawn, 257. Daughter, signification of the word, 108, 110, 132, 200. Dawn and evening in the Veda, 212. Death, the region of, 236 et seq.; Aryan idea of, 237; Egyptian idea of, 238; a journey to the sky, 241; the Indian conception of, 244; the river of, 243; and sleep, 243; myths of, 273; the various images of, in popular tales, 278. Delphi, 216. Demeter, 204, 205; and Persephone, 220 et seq. Determinitive signs, 295. dic the Latin root, 70. Domestication of animals in second stone age, 50; in the bronze age, 148. Drift implements, 10; form a class apart, 11; types of, 13. Drift period, men of the, 49. Druid circles, so-called, 42. Dutch, 99, 104. Dyâus, 199, 202, 207. Eadwine, King, 1. Earth-goddess of the Aryans, 204. Eddic poems, 327. Egypt, history begins in, 52, 121; peculiar features of nature in, 178; the land-root of civilization, 314. Egyptians, 97. Egyptian civilization, the continuation of that of the stone age, 121; intellectual character of, 122. —— idea of death and the soul, 238 et seq. —— life and thought, two elements in the character of, 122. —— religion, 176; how distinguished from that of other nations, 178; influence of nature on, 178; nature gods of, 181; distinctive feature of, 181; divinities of, 181 et seq. —— writing, 298 et seq.; mixed character of, 301; difficulty in deciphering, 302; Hieratic and Demotic, 303. El. See Il. Elamites, 125. Elysian Fields, 242. English, the, 104. Erde and Herde, 94. Erech, 125. Eskimo, the, 117. Etruscans, the, 320. Fee, the word, 151. “Fight of Finnsburg,” 327. Finnish tongues, 90. Finns, the, 117. Flemings, the, 104. Flint weapons of Presigny, 139. Franks, 104, 325. French, the, 99. Frey, 203, 204. Freyja, 204; the goddess of spring, beauty, and love, 230. Freyr, 230. Frigg, 204, 205, 230. Gaedhill, 101. Gaels, 101. Gaulish myth of a sea of death, 276. Gauls, the, 101. Genghis Khan, 119. Geological periods, length of, 7. Gerda, 231. German and English, kinship of, 92. Germans, the, 99. Gesture language gives no insight into the origin of language, 62. Gewiss, the word, 66. Gipsies, 159. Glass mountains, the stories of, allegories of death, 279. Goths, the, 324. Government, an extensive scheme of, impossible to a people ignorant of social arts, 167. Græco-Italic family, the, 319. Grammatical terminations accounted for, 74. Greek conception of the realms of death, 241 et seq. Greeks, 99, 102; appearance of in Europe, 133; their religion, 214; the first European nation, 317; from the beginning a commercial people, 318. Grimm’s laws, 107. Hackelberg, the wild huntsman of the Harz, 270. Hades, 241. Hadubrand and Hildebrand, the lay of, 327. Hamites, the, 119. Hapi, 192. Hathor, 188. Hel, 250. Hellenes, 102; first use of the word as a national epithet, 319. Hera, 204. Heracles, 202, 209; life and labors of, 218. Hermes, 217 et seq.; the wind god, 232, 244. Herne the Hunter, 226, 249. Hieratic and Demotic writing of the Egyptians, 303. Hieroglyphic writing of the Egyptians, 298. Hindoos, 98. History, prerequisite conditions of, 3. Hittites, the, 315. Hoa, 193. Hormuzd, 234. Horus, 184, 196, 201. House-fire, the sacred, among the Aryans, 144. Householders, assembly of, in the village community, 163. Human victims found in tumuli, 37. Huns, the, 119. Hunter, life of the primitive, 137. Iberians, the, 101. Ideographs, groups of, 294. Il, the most ancient conception of God known to the Semites, 195. Implements of later stone age, 39. Incas of Peru, 116. Indians, the North American, 159; “picturing” of, 288, 290 et seq. Indra, 202, 206; hymn to, 208; character of, 209; resembles Apollo, 217. Inflected language, 79, 81, 83; spoken by the white race, 118; divisions of, 118. Inflections, growth of, 70; the third stage in the formation of language, 72. Ishtar, 194. Isis, 189, 195, 196. Israel, the children of a nomadic people, 130. Italians, 99; the primitive, 320. “Jack the Giant Killer,” 264. Japanese use of Chinese characters, 296. “Javan” in the Bible for Ionians, 318. Jupiter, 199, 202, 206, 207. Kaiser Karl in the Unterberg, 278. Karkemish, 315. Kinship in languages, 91. Kitchen-Middens. See Shell Mounds. Kneph, 188. Kurdur-Nankunty, a king of Susa, 126. Lake dwellings, bronze weapons found in the later, 150. Lake villages, the, 44; construction of, 45; object of 46; civilization of, 47, 52. Language, the growth of, 55; five stages in, 81; arrested by the invention of writing, 84; change in, resolved into two forces, 85; classification by, 106; holds the records of past times, 106; the key to the early Aryan civilization, 141. Langue d’oil and langue d’oc, 66. Lapps, the, 117. Letters, invention and growth of, 280 et seq.; invention of, by the Egyptians, 301. Law first connected with religion, 166. Leiche, the word, 93. Lithuanians, the, 99, 105. Lohengrin, myth, 275, 276. Loki, 210. Lombards, the, 104. Longobardi, the, 325. Lot, 126. Mâ, the Sanskrit root, 68. Magyars, the, 119. Mammoth age, the, 10. Mammoth, drawing of a, by a prehistoric man, 18. Man, the earliest traces of, 6; his first stages of life, 16. “Man,” the one who measures, 68. Mankind, progress of, in the stone ages, 48 et seq. Maoris, the, 118. Mara, the name, 272. Mark, the word, 153. Marriage ceremony among the Aryans, 145. Maruts, the hymn to, 209. Maut, an Egyptian divinity, 187 Melanesia, 115. Menes, 121. Mesopotamia, 123. Milky Way, the, a river of death, 277. Minôs, 318. Mir, the Russian, 162. Mitra, 211. Mnemonics, different systems of, 284 et seq. Moloch, 194. Monger, the word, 153. Mongolians, marks of the, 120. Monosyllabic language, 78, 81, 83. Montenegrins, the, 106. Moon, “the measurer,” 68. Moon-gods of the Egyptians, 185. Moon myths, 262 et seq. Moravians, the, 105. Moses receives the law, 166. Mound-builders, their religion, 40. Mythologies, the relationship between different, 173; of the different Aryan nations, 176. Mythology explained through the study of language, 172, 173; the earliest, 177; of the Shemites barren in incident and character, 195; the stories related of the gods, 255. Myths, diversity of, 254; of death and the other world, 273. Nation, the beginnings of, 313, 316. Nations of the prehistoric world, 133. Nature worship at the bottom of most mythologies, 173; this does not imply an absence of spirituality, 176; the objects of, everywhere the same, 177; in Aryan religions, 197. Neanderthal, 15; skeleton discovered in, 22. Nebo, 194. Negroes of Africa and Melanesia, 115. Neit, 187. Neolithic era, 13, 29. Nephthys, 190. Nergal, 194. Nerthus, 204. New Guinea, 115. Nibelungen, the, 327. Nile, the, significance of to the Egyptians, 180; the personification of, 192. Nimrod, 125. Nin, 194. Noah, 118. Norsemen, the other world of the, 249. Obotriti, the, 105. O’Brien, origin of the name, 323. Odin, 204, 224 et seq.; the heaven god, 227; collects the souls of heroes slain in battle, 249, 268; as the Wandering Jew, etc., 264; as the “Pied Piper” of Hameln, 264, 272; as the arch fiend, 270. “Old Mother Goose,” 272. Osiri, the name, how written by the Egyptians, 301. Osiris, 182, 193, 196, 201. Ostro-Goths, the, 104. Ouse, the, prolific in drift implements, 11. Oxus, the, 99. Palæolithic era, 13, 25. Pan, 215. Pastoral life, qualities involved in, 150; a nomadic one, 151. Patriarch, the authority of a, part of Aryan religion, 167. Patriarchal family, the, 141. Patriarchal customs, 142. Patroclus, funeral of, a picture of Aryan rites, 247. Pecunia, the word, 151. Pelasgi, 102, 320; the worshippers of pure nature, 215. Persephone, 204, 221 et seq. Perseus and the Gorgon, a sun story, 262. Persians, 98. Perthes, M. Boucher de, 11. Peruvian system of mnemonics, 284. Phantom army, the legend of, 225, 249. Phœbus Apollo, the god of the younger Greeks, 318. Phœnicians, 98, 129; commercial needs gave rise to their alphabet, 305; the transporters of civilization, 315; in Europe, 317. Phœnician alphabet, 304; how formed, 305; resemblance to Hieratic writing of Egyptians, 306; the parent of all existing alphabets except Japanese, 308; how modified, 309. Phonetic signs, origin of, 299 et seq. Phonetic writing, transition to, 297. Picture records, 287. Picture writing, 289 et seq. Picturing, 287; distinguished from picture-writing, 290. “Pied Piper of Hameln,” the, 264, 272; a Slavonic legend, 273. Poles, the, 99, 105. Polynesian islands, 118. Pomeranians, the, 105. Pottery, broken, strewed at the grave’s mouth, 40. Prehistoric conditions, our knowledge of, uncertain, 4. Prehistoric studies, aids to, 2; of events, rather than chronological, 6. Prince Hatt under the earth, the Swedish story of, 260. Prithvi, 205, 220. Proper names, researches into, 111; in the Bible often stand for races, 114. Prussians, the, 105. Ptah, 184. Pyramids, a sort of tumuli, 53. Python, the, 202. Quipus, the Peruvian cord records, 285. Ra, 184. Red races, 116; considered by some a variety of the yellow race, 118. Religion of the mound-builders, 40; first signs of, 51. Religious rites hard to trace back, 172. Rents, the three, 152. Rex, the, 95, 109. Rivers, English, the names of, Keltic, 111. Romans, the, 99, 102, 320; development as a nation, internal, 321. Rome, her proficiency in the arts of government, 168. Root sounds, 67. Runes, Gothic, 309. Russians, the, 99, 105. Russian village communities, 169. Sabhâ, the, 144. St. Ursula, the myth of, 263. San, 194. Sarama, 218; the Sons of, 244. Sargon I., 125. Sarrasin, the word, 159. Sati, 188. Savitar, hymn to, 213. Saxons, 325. Scandinavians, 99, 104. Sea coast, gradual protrusion of, 34. Sea of death, the, mythical, 276. Sekhet-Pasht, 185. Semitic languages. See Aryan. Semitic races, 97. Semitic religion infused with awe, 198. Servians, the, 106. Shell mounds, 29, 34; proofs of their antiquity, 35, 136. Sheol, 241, note. Siamese, the, 117. Sigurd the Volsung, 267; fire and thorn hedge used in the tale of, 278. Silesians, 105. Sin, 194. Skirnir, 231. Sky-divinities of the Egyptians, 187. Sky-god of the Aryans, 200. Slavonians, the, 103, 104; pushing back the Tartars, 119. Social life, early, 135. Soil-deity of the Egyptians, 189. Somme, the, drift implements first discovered in the bed of, 11. “Son of,” how used in the Bible, 114. Sorabians, the, 105. Sothis, 192. Sound and sense, connection of, 61. Spanish, the, 99. Speech, the origin of, indiscoverable, 59. Stone age, the two periods of, 12. Stone age, the old, man’s life in, 24; animals of, 26. Stone age, the later, 28; theories to account for the transition to, 28; continuous history begins with, 29; man of, in Denmark, 30; navigation of, 30; domestic animals in, 32, 36; men of, not cannibals, 32; burial mounds of, 36; human victims in, 37; classes of implements of, 38; pottery of, 39; ornaments, 41; burial customs of, 40; tumuli, the truest existing representatives of, 43; also called the polished stone age, 43; duration of, in Europe, 44; civilization of, 47 et seq.; successive steps in, 49 et seq.; first signs of religion in, 51; civilization of, 52; implements of, different materials of, 50; people, little known of their social state, 136. Stone ages, progress of mankind in, 48 et seq. Stonehenge, 36, 42. Suevi, the, 104, 325. Sun, supreme god of the Semitic nations, 200; hopes of futurity suggested by, 246. Sun-god, the death of, 236. Sun-gods of the Egyptians, 181 et seq.; how regarded by the Indo-European nations, 202. Sun-heroes, the different, 262. Sun-myths, 257. Surya, 211. Susa, 126. Swan, the, connected with ideas of death, 275. Swarga, 244. Symbolical teaching of the Egyptians, 191. Tallies, the invention of, the germ of writing, 283. Tannhäuser, the legend of, 263. Tartar class of languages, 89. Tartar races, invasion of the, 119. Tasmania, 114. Tellus, 205. Teutonic family of nations, 103, 104. Teutons, village history of the, 169; divisions of, 324; an agricultural people, 326; conquerors, 326; feudal, 327; poems of, 327. Tew, 199. Thanatos, 241. Thammuz, 194. Thibetans, the, 117. Thmei, 192. Thor, 202; labors of, 228; as “Jack the Giant Killer,” 264; the recovery of his hammer, 264. Thoth, 185, 194. “Time and Tide,” 94. Timûr Link (Tamerlaine), 119. Tomb-builders, the, 36. Towns, English, the names of Teutonic, etc., 111. Tumuli, 36; contents of, 37; pottery found in, 52, 125; civilization of the builders of the, 138. Turanian languages, 88. Turanians of Central Asia, 119; the early inhabitants of India were, 120. Turks, the, 119. Typhon, 196, 202. Tyr, 228. Ulfilas, 324. Ur of the Chaldees, 125. Urki, 194. Urvasi and Pururaras, the story of, 258. Ushas, 205. Van der Decken, 226. Valkyriur, the, 249, 269; changed into witches, 272, 275. Varuna, 203; corresponds to Ouranos, 231. Vedic religion of India, 207. Verb endings, origin of, 75. Village community, the, 159; features and regulations of, 160; relation of the members to each other, 161; correspondence of the Russian Mir to, 162; source of authority in, 162; essentials of a true, 163; assembly of householders, 163; origin of, 163; the ideas of personal and communal property arise in, 165; origin of, distinction between divine and human law, in, 167; changes resulting from the adoption of, 68; chief of the Teuton, possessed of but little power, 170. Visi-Goths, 104. Vortices of national life, 313. Vritra, 209. Vul, 194. Wampum, 284. “Wandering Jew,” the, 264, 270. White races, 118. Wiltzi, 105. Wind-myths, 268. Words, significant and in-significant, 57 et seq.; formation of, by joining others, 72. Writing, the art of picturing sound, 281; the invention of, 282. Yaranas, 100, 132. Yellow races, 117. Yes, origin of the word, 65. Zend Avesta, 207, 233, 235. Zend language, the, 235. Zend religion, the, pre-eminence of, 232. Zeus, 199, 202, 206; the Olympic and Pelasgic, 214; shrines of, at Dodona and in Elis, 215, 227. Zio, 199. Zoroaster, 166. Zoroastrianism, 233.

FOOTNOTES:

Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:

party exterminated=> partly exterminated {pg 101}

certain among the the islands=> certain among the islands {pg 115}

of the Semitic=> of the Semetic {pg 118}

the Ayran people=> the Aryan people {pg 199}

have the Elsyian fields=> have the Elysian fields {pg 243}

the Egyptian heiroglyphics=> the Egyptian hieroglyphics {pg 311}

closely alied to=> closely allied to {pg 320}

the ancient Egptian=> the ancient Egyptian {pg 339}

case in repect of=> case in respect of {pg 351}

in Phenician=> in Phœnician {pg 357}

to the Eyptians=> to the Egyptians {pg 364}