INDEX.

Abbeville, 115 Abolition of Inheritance, 200, 203 Academies, 27 America, 170 Amœba, 15 et seq. Antisthenes, 132 Aristides, law of, 232 Aristocracy, 36, 90, 137, 159 —— aptitude for government, 230 —— constitution which obeys laws, 88 —— demophil, 2, 232, 233 —— education under, 190 —— and examination system, 176 —— fusion with democracy, 231-233 —— impossible without merit, 31 —— old men under, 147 —— of Parliament, 172 —— permanent senators form, 58 —— and religion, 205, 207 —— result of indirect election, 19 —— and special jurisdictions, 98 Aristophanes, 126, 150 Aristotle, 14, 16, 31, 70, 78, 85, 88, 129, 131, 134-136, 153, 208, 215, 231, 234, 235 Arrondissement, 44 —— scrutin d', 83 Atheism, 207, 208 Athens, 17, 31, 37, 83, 113, 149, 163, 226, 232 Augier, 213 Austria, 49 Barthélemy, Abbé, 157 Barthou, M., 9, 118 Belgium, 170 Bismarck, 209 Bonald, 201 Brunetière, 188 Busiris, 115 Calas, 115 Carnot, 93 Carthage, 16, 231 Caucus, 6 Chamber of Deputies, 44, 118, 172-174 Charlemagne, 149 Charondas, 87 Church, the, 98, 206 Cicero, 70 —— de Senectute, 149 Civility, 156 et seq Civil Service, the, appointments to, 45-51 —— examinations for, 176 et seq. Clergy, the, 169 Code, the, 75, 76, 163 Colbert, 43 Collectivism, 200-203 Communism, 200 Compétence par collation, 19, 22 Competitive examination, 175 et seq. Conciliation Boards, 97 Concordat, 206 Constitution of 1873, 57 —— mixed, 231 Co-optation, 176 Cour de Cassation, 57, 101, 108, 176 Court of Appeal, 57, 107 Courts, ecclesiastical, 98 —— martial, 98 Criminal procedure, 83 —— jurisdiction, 99 Dandin, 184 Dandino-mania, 184 Decadence, 222, 223 Decrees, 84, 91, 208, 209 Demagogues, 85, 191, 213 Democracy, Aristotle on, 129-136 —— Athenian, 17 —— children under, 142-146 —— and direct government, 37 et seq. Democracy, encouragement of incompetence under, 30, 92, 126 —— English, 170 —— evolution of a modern, 18 et seq. —— fusion with aristocracy, 231-235 —— governed by decrees, 34, 91 —— and imperative mandate, 32 —— lack of respect under, 158-161 —— legislation under, 66, 79-81 —— magistrature, 110-122 —— Montesquieu on, 137-139 —— morality under, 139 —— Nietzsche on, 220-226 —— old men under, 146-153 —— Plato on, 127-129 —— and politicians, 34, 36 —— position of women under, 140-142 —— principle of, 14, 15 —— and private enterprise, 59-61 —— and reform, 216-219 —— Rousseau on, 136, 137 —— and schoolmasters, 191-215 —— and socialism, 61-65 —— and special jurisdictions, 98, 99 Demos, 56, 86 Demosthenes, 82 Deputy, 55, 174 —— mayors, 119 Despotism, principle of, 12 —— tendency of democracy towards, 62, 65, 96 D'Etalonde, 115 Diderot, 207 Division of labour, 15 —— —— in domestic life, 141 Divorce, 125 Germans, 67 Gerontocracy, 146, 153 Gladstone, Mr., 3, 5 Goncourt, 201 Greece, 222, 226 Greeks, 71, 73, 87 Greek philosophers, 126 Holbach, 207 Homer, 56 Horace, 152 Hugo, Victor, 209 Ideal legislator, the, 79 Imperative mandate, 32, 33 Indirect election, 19 Inequalities, artificial and natural, 30 Interpellation, 83 Italy, 170 Japy, Mme., 114 Jesuits in Paraguay, 62 Joannès, Baron, 68 Judges, appointment of, 46, 100-112 —— interpretation of the law, 163 Juge de paix, 111, 116 et seq. Jurisdiction, criminal, 99 —— ecclesiastical, 97 —— military, 97 —— seignorial, 97 Jury, the 112-115, 168, 169 Kant, 153 La Barre, 115 Lacedæmon, 150, 231 Law, abolishing primogeniture, 124 —— abuse of, 110 —— of competence, 97 —— and decrees, 84-91 —— degree in, 116 —— doctors of, 108 —— ecclesiastical, 125 —— emergency, 82-89 —— fundamental, 89 —— governs men, 121 —— of July 12th, 1905, 117 —— made by the ideal legislator, 67-74 —— made by the people, 17, 18, 25, 40, 194-196, 234 —— must be ancient and unchanged, 77-79 —— not the same for rich and poor, 199 —— permitting divorce, 125 —— of proportion, 14 —— questions of, 113, 162 —— of Sunday observance, 75, 76 —— and tradition, 230 Legal profession, the, 60 Legislation, ancient, 87 —— English, 2, 4 —— party, 81-82 —— philanthropic, 6 —— predatory, 8 —— requires special knowledge, 18, 67 Legislator, essential qualifications for, 66-81 —— Greek, 73 Lestranger, M. Marcel, 164, 166 Liberty of association, 194, 196 Louis XIV, 21, 22, 150, 195, 204, 209 —— XV, 150 —— XVI, 133 Louvois, 43 Lycurgus, 2, 73, 87 Lynching, 168, 169 Machiavel, 71 Machiavelian counsel, 234 Magistracy, hereditary system advocated for, 105, 163, 168 Magistrates, election of, 48, 100-112 —— incompetence of, 164-168 —— subservience to government, 163 Mayors, 117 Medical examinations, 180 —— profession, 60 Mill, John Stuart, 230 Minister of Agriculture, 94 —— of Commerce, 92 —— of Education, 92, 211 Minister of Interior, 211 —— of Justice, 76, 118-120 —— of Navy, 92 —— of War, 92, 93 Miscarriage of justice, 165 Monarchy, old men under, 147 —— principle of, 12, 62, 96 Montesquieu, 4, 12, 14, 28, 37, 44-47, 66-70, 74-89, 103-105, 123, 137, 138, 150-156, 193, 227, 232 Moral effect of law, 125 —— order, 217 Morals, high standard of, 150 —— laxity of, 155 —— private, 139, 140 —— public, 123, 124, 139 More, Thomas, 71 Moses, 67, 209 Napoleon, 13, 105, 209 Nationalisation, 60 Nietzsche, 147, 187, 220-225 Oligarchy, 63, 128, 147 Olympiad, 87 Ostracism, 133 Paraguay, 62 Parental authority, 143 Parliament, 172 Party system under Socialism, 61 Pascal, 107, 157 Patriotism, 12, 214 Peel, Sir R., 3 Periander, 132 Peter the Great, 124 Phædo, personification of laws in, 87 Plato, 71, 105, 126-129, 138, 140, 153 Plautus, 150 Plebiscite, 24, 173 Pli Professionnel, Le, 164 Pnyx, the, 37 Politeness, 156 et seq. Politician, definition of, 34 —— democracy's need of, 35, 51 —— as schoolmaster, 212 Préfet, 62-55, 173, 212 President of the Chamber, 110 —— of the Council, 93 —— of the Republic, 42, 57 Primogeniture, 124 Procureur-général, 52, 53, 119-122 Proudhon, 73 Public officials, appointment of, 43-51 —— under Socialism, 201 Purchase system, the, 103 Quinet, Edgar, 13 Rabelais, 115 Republic, 12, 13, 73 Renaissance, 149 Renan, 223 Renouvier, 50 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 22 Rhédi, 78 Robespierre, 207, 208 Roman Republic, 13, 113, 204, 233 Romans, the, 68, 87, 232 Rome, 124, 149, 222, 226, 232-234 Rousseau, 32, 72, 136-138, 149, 150, 207, 208 Royalty, 137, 236 —— democratic, 18 St. Cyr, 177 St. Louis, 74 Schopenhauer, 224 Scrutin de liste, 83, 112, and note —— d'arrondissement, 83 Senate, 38, 58, 117, 118, 172-175 Senators, 55, 172-175 —— irremovable, 57 Seneca, 129 Socialism, 61-65, 231 Socrates, 18, 88 —— on democracy, 144 Solon, 67, 73 Sovereignty of the People, 40, 45, 56, 177, 194-198, 204-209, 214 Specialisation of functions, 15-18, 31 Special jurisdictions, 97, 98 State control of children, 144 —— —— of magistrates, 100,101 —— —— of private enterprise, 60-61 —— danger of eminent man to, 131-137 —— intervention to restore public morality, 217-219 State policy, 110 —— services rendered to, 230 —— within a State, 196 Steinheil case, 114 Suidas, 103, 105 Sunday observance, 75 Sylla, 73 Synergy, 235, 236 Terence, 150 Thrasybulus, 132 Toulouse, 115 Tyranny, 135 Universal suffrage, 21, 173-175 University degrees, 20, 181-183 Upper chamber, suggestions for strong, 174 Usbek, 78 Virtue, civic, 14, 103, 104 —— the principle of a republic, 12, 13 Voltaire, 103-105, 116 Women, their position in a democracy, 140-143 Xenophon, 126, 233 Young man, Horace's description of, 152

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