INDEX.
Reading edition
Abdomen, 19, 141 development of, 213
Abdominal appendages, 143 development of, 217
Abdominal somite, characters of, 142
Ætiology, 47
AGASSIZ, 308
Alimentary canal, 51 development of, 213, 222
Ambulatory legs, 168
American Crayfishes, 243, 247
Amœba, 285
Amurland Crayfishes, 304
Antenna, 23, 172 development of, 214, 218
Antennule, 23, 173 development of, 214, 218
Anthrapalæmon, 341
Anus, 29
Apodeme, 99, 158, 175
Appendage, 24, 143, 161, 173 abdominal, 143 cephalic, 170 thoracic, 164
Archenteron, 211
Arctogæal province, 314
Areola, 235
ARISTOTLE, referred to, 4
Arteries, 71
Arteries, development of, 224
Arthrobranchia, 75
Arthrophragm, 158
Arthropoda, 279, 284
Articulations, 95
Asiatic Crayfishes, 304
Astacina, 254
Astacoides, 250, 313
Astacomorpha, 338
Astacopsis, 250, 264
Astacus, division into sub-genera, 290
Astacus angulosus, 302, 310 colchicus, 302, 310 dauricus, 304, 310 fluviatilis, anatomy, general account of, 17–31 attachment of young to mother, 40, 351 branchial formula, 266 development, 205–226 distribution, geographical 44, 288, 298 distribution, chronological, 44 ecdysis, 32, 350 general characters, 6 growth, 31, 349 habits, 8 {364} histology, 174 mortality, 127 muscular system, 90 myths concerning, 44 name, origin of, 13 nervous system, 101 newly hatched young, characters of, 219 nutrition, 48 occurrence, 5, 8 organs of alimentation, 51 circulation, 68 excretion, 82, 353 hearing, 116 reproduction, 128 respiration, 75, 353 sight, 118 smell, 114 taste, 115 touch, 113 prehension of food, 49 putrid, effect of smell of, 45 reproduction of lost limbs, 38 reproduction, sexual, 39, 128, 135, 350 sexual characters, 7, 20, 32, 145, 241 somites and appendages, 143 systematic description, 230 use as food, 10, 289 varieties, 289 fontinalis, 290 japonicus, 304 klamathensis, 305 leniusculus, 305 leptodactylus, 299, 302, 303, 310, 320 nigrescens, 244 nobilis, 290, 295, 296, 299, 310 oreganus, 305 pachypus, 302, 310 pallipes, 290 politus, 344 saxatilis, 290 Schrenckii, 304, 310 torrentium, 290, 294, 298, 310, 311 tristis, 290 Trowbridgii, 305
Atya, Atyidæ, 331, 336
Auditory organ, 116 setæ, 116
Australian Crayfishes, 306 province, 314
Austrocolumbian province, 314
Axius, 271
Ball, R., quoted, 36
Basipodite, 143
BELL, T., quoted, 37, 42
Bile-duct, 61, 66
Biological sciences, scope of, 4
Blastoderm, 207
Blastomere, 205
Blastopore, 209
Blood, 31, 68, 176 corpuscles, 69, 176 development of, 224 sinuses, 50, 69
BOBRETSKY, referred to, 356
BOLIVAR, Dr., 298
Branchiæ, Astacoides, 266 Astacopsis, 264 {365} Astacus, 25, 75, 265 development of, 224 Cancer, 276 Homarus, 257 Palæmon, 270 Palinurus, 264 Penæus, 267
Branchial chamber, 25 formula, Astacoides, 266 Astacopsis, 264 Astacus, 266 Cancer, 277 hypothetically complete, 268 Palæmon, 270 Palinurus, 265 Penæus, 267
Branchiobdella, 356
Branchiostegite, 25 development of, 217
BRAUN, quoted, 352
Brazilian Crayfishes, 306
Cæcum, 61
Calcification of exoskeleton, 197
Californian Crayfishes, 243
Cambarus, 44, 247, 310, 312
Cancer, 272, 283
Carapace, 19 development of, 214
CARBONNIER, M., quoted, 297, 349, 350
Cardia, 52
Caridina, 330
Carpopodite, 165
Cell, 66, 199
Cell-aggregate, 190, 199 division, 200 theory, 202, 204
Cephalic appendages, 170 development of, 217 flexure, 163 somites, 154
Cephalon, 19, 141
Cephalothorax, 19
Cervical groove, 19 spines, 234
CHANTRAN, M., quoted, 348, 350, 351
Chelæ, 22
Chilian Crayfishes, 308
Chitin, 50 composition of, 347
Chæraps, 250
Chorology, 46
Circulation, 73 organs of, 68
Common knowledge and science, 3
Connective tissue, 178 development of, 224
COPE, Prof., quoted, 316
Cornea, 118
Coxopodite, 143
Coxopoditic setæ, 78
Crab, see Cancer
Crab’s-eye, see Gastrolith
Crangon, 272
Crayfish, origin of name, 12 common, see Astacus fluviatilis
Crayfishes, Amurland, 304 Asiatic, 304 Australian, 306 Brazilian, 306 Californian, 243 Chilian, 308 definition of, 254 Eastern North American, 247, 305 European, 288, 297 evolution of, 331 Figian, 306, 313 Japanese, 304, 313 Mascarene, 308, 313 northern and southern, compared, 252 Novozelanian, 306, 313 southern, 249 Tasmanian, 306 Western North American, 305, 313
Crustacea, 271, 278
Crystalline cones, 121
Cuticle, 33, 50, 175, 192
Cyclas, 356
Dactylopodite, 165
Daphnia, asexual reproduction of, 128
DARWIN, C., referred to, 4
DE HAAN, quoted, 313
Development, 205 abdomen, 213 abdominal appendages, 217 alimentary canal, 213, 222 antennæ, 214, 218 antennules, 214, 218 blood and blood vessels, 224 branchiostegite, 217 carapace, 214 cephalic appendages, 217, 219 connective tissue, 224 ear, 225 eye, 225 eyestalk, 214, 218 gills, 224 heart, 224 kidney, 224 labrum, 218 mandibles, 214 muscles, 224 nervous system, 213, 224 reproductive organs, 225 rostrum, 217 thoracic appendages, 217, 219
Digestion, 63
Distribution, 46 chronological, of crayfishes, 44, 316, 339 table of, 345 geographical, of crayfishes, 44, 288 causes of, 335 results of study of, 308, 314
DORMER, quoted, 356
DULK, quoted, 349
Ear, 116 development of, 225
Ecdysis, 32, 350
Écrevisse à pieds blancs, 289, 297 à pieds rouges, 289, 297
Ectoderm, 141
Ectostracum, 194
Edelkrebs, 290
Endoderm, 141
Endophragmal system, 157
Endopleurite, 158
Endopodite, 145
Endoskeleton, 17
Endosternite, 158
Endostracum, 194
Engæus, 250, 306
Enoplocytia, 342
Epiblast, 211
Epidermis, 140
Epimeron, 143
Epiostracum, 192
Epipodite, 167 {367}
Epistoma, 155
Epithelium, 140, 177
Equus excelsus, occurring with fossil crayfishes, 316
Eryma, 341
Evolution of crayfishes, 331
Excretion, organs of, 82
Exopodite, 145
Exoskeleton, 17 chemical composition, 347
Eye, 118 compound, 122 development of, 225
Eye-stalk, 24, 173 development of, 214
Family, 252
Fat-cells, 180
Fibre, muscular, 185
Fibril, muscular, 185
Figian Crayfishes, 306
Filament, muscular, 185
Filter of stomach, 58
Flagellum, 167
Food-yelk, 206
Foot-jaws, see maxillipedes
Forceps, 22
Foregut, 61 development of, 213, 222
Fossil crayfishes, 316
FOSTER, Dr. M., referred to, 110
France, consumption of crayfish in, 10
Function, 22
Galaxidæ, 315
Gammarus, 323
Ganglion, 103, 105
Ganglionic corpuscle, 87, 103
Gastric mill, 53
Gastrolith, 29, 347 chemical composition, 349
Gastrula, 211
GAY, quoted, 356
Genus, 249
Geographical distribution, see Distribution
GERBE, M., quoted, 350
Germinal disc, 209 layer, 206 spot, 133 vesicle, 133
GERSTFELDT, Dr., quoted, 290
Gills, see Branchiæ
GIRARD, quoted, 356
GORUP-BESANEZ, quoted, 353
Green-gland, 83, 353 development of, 224
GROBBEN, Dr., quoted, 354
Growth of crayfish, 31, 349
Guanin, 82, 353
Gullet, see Œsophagus
GÜNTHER, Dr., quoted, 315
HAGEN, Dr., quoted, 305, 312
Haplochitonidæ, 315
HARVEY, quoted, 5
Head, see Cephalon
Hearing, organ of, 116
Heart, 27, 71 development of, 224
HELLER, Dr., quoted, 298, 330
Hepatic duct, see Bile duct
Hind gut, 61 development of, 214, 223
Histology, 176
Histriobdella, 356
Homaridæ, 263 {368}
Homarina, 261
Homarus, 13, 42, 257, 332
Homology, homologous, homologue, 148
Hoploparia, 342
Hypoblast, 211
Idothea, 323, 334
Impregnation, 135, 350
Integument, 50
Interseptal zone, 183
Intestine, 29, 61
Ischiopodite, 165
Japanese Crayfishes, 313, 314
Jaws, 23
JOHNSTON, J., quoted, 42
KESSLER, quoted, 298, 304
Kidney, see Green gland
KLUNZINGER, referred to, 330
Labrum, 51 development of, 218
LAMARCK, referred to, 4
LEREBOULLET, quoted, 353
Legs, ambulatory, 168
LEMOINE, referred to, 353
LEYDIG, referred to, 115, 353
Liver, 30, 64 development of, 223 nature of secretion, 352
Lobster, common, see Homarus Norway, see Nephrops Rock, see Palinurus
LOVÈN, referred to, 327
Machine, living, 128
McIntosh, Dr. W. C., quoted, 288
Mandible, 23, 51, 170 development of, 214
MARTENS, VON, 306
Mastodon mirificus, occurring with fossil crayfishes, 316
Maxillæ, 23, 170
Maxillipedes, 23, 164
Medullary groove, 213
Megalopa stage of development, 283
Meropodite, 165
Mesoblast, 212
Mesoderm, 141
Mesophragm, 158
Metamere, 143
Metastoma, 51
Metope, 278
Midgut, 61 development of, 211, 214, 223
MILNE-EDWARDS, quoted, 13, 289
Mollusca, 284
Morphology, 46, 138 comparative, 230
Mortality of crayfishes, 128
Morula, 206
Mosaic vision, 122, 354
Motor plates, 189
Mouth, 51
MÜLLER, JOHANNES, referred to, 122
Muscle, 57, 90, 175, 181 development of, 224 histology of, 90, 181
Muscles of abdomen, 99 {369} of chela, 93 of stomach, 57
Myosin, 186
Myotome, 174
Mysis, 281, 323 relicta, origin of, from M. oculata, 327
Mysis stage of development, 280
Natural History, 3 Philosophy, 3
Nauplius stage of development, 215, 280
Nearctic province, 314
Nephrops, 259, 332
Nerve, 101 auditory, 117 optic, 118
Nerve-cells, 103, 187 fibres, 101, 188
Nervous system, 105 development of, 213, 224 functions of, 354
Noble crayfish, see Astacus nobilis
Nomenclature, binomial, 13, 15
Norway lobster, see Nephrops
Novozelanian province, 314
Nucleated cell, 199
Nucleolus, 187
Nucleus, 177, 200 changes of, in cell-division, 200
Œsophagus, 51
Olfactory organ, 114
Organ, 22
Origin of crayfish, evidence as to, 320, 331
Ovary, 31, 129 structure of, 131
Oviduct, 129
Oviposition, 351
Ovisac, 132
Ovum, 129 structure of, 133
Palæarctic province, 314
Palæmon, 268, 328
Palinuridæ, 263
Palinurus, 261, 264
Palp, 171
Paranephrops, 250, 306, 313
Paraphragm, 158
Parasites of crayfish, 356
Parastacidæ, 252, 256, 306, 313
Parastacus, 250, 306
Pemphix, 341
Penæus, 267, 280
Pericardium, 69
Perivisceral cavity, 50
Phyllobranchia, 271
Physiology, 46
Pleurobranchia, 79
Pleuron, 96, 143
Podobranchia, 75, 165
Podophthalmia, 279
Pore-canals, 195
Post-orbital ridge, 233 spine, 232
Potamobiidæ, 252, 256
Prawn, see Palæmon
Prehension of food, 49
Procephalic lobes, 160 development of, 213
Propodite, 165
Protopodite, 143
Prototroctes, 315 {370}
Protozoa, 285
Pseudastacus, 343
Pylorus, 52
Race, 292
RATHKE, quoted, 356
RÉAUMUR, quoted, 33
Reflex action, 108
REICHENBACH, quoted, 356
Renal organ, see Green-gland
Reproduction of lost limbs, 38 sexual, 39, 128, 135, 350
Reproductive organs, 128 development of, 225
Respiration, anal, 353
Respiratory organs, see Branchiæ
Retropinna, 315
ROBIN, quoted, 352
Rock lobster, see Palinurus
ROESEL VON ROSENHOF, quoted, 41, 43
RONDOLETIUS, referred to, 4
Rostrum, 157 development of, 217
Salivary glands, 352
Salmonidæ, parallel between their distribution, and that of Astacidæ, 315
Sarcolemma, 90, 182
SARS, G. O., referred to, 327
SARTORIUS VON WALTERHAUSEN, quoted, 322
Scaphognathite, 80, 170
Schizopod stage of development, 280
SCHLÜTER, 317
SCHMIDT, O., quoted, 354
SCHRANK, 290
Science, physical, 3
Science and common sense, 1
Segmentation, 174
Self-causation, 112
Sensory organs, 113
Septal line, 183 zone, 183
Setæ, 197
Shrimp, see Crangon
SIEBOLD, VON, referred to, 331
Sight, organ of, 118
Sinus, sternal, 69
Smell, organ of, 114
Somite, 143, 161, 355 abdominal, 142 cephalic, 154 thoracic, 150
SOUBEIRAN, M., quoted, 349
Southern Crayfishes, 249
Species, 243, 290 morphological, 291 physiological, 296
Spermatozoa, 129, 135, 354
Spontaneous action, 112
Squame of antenna, 172
Steinkrebs, see Astacus torrentium
Sternum, 96, 143
Stomach, 29, 51
Stone-crayfish, see Astacus torrentium
Striated spindle, 121
Swimmeret, 20
Taste, organ of, 115
Teleology, 47, 137
Tendon, 92, 175 {371}
Tergum, 96, 143
Terminal plates, 189
Terminology, scientific, 14
Testis, 129 structure of, 133
Thoracic appendages, 164 development of, 217 somites, 150
Thorax, 19, 141
Tissue, 175
Touch, organ of, 113
Transformism, 318
TREVIRANUS, referred to, 4
Tribe, 252
Trichobranchiæ, 263
Troglocaris, 337
Valves of heart, 73 of stomach, 59
VAN HELMONT, quoted, 45
Variety, 290, 292
Vas deferens, 130
Vent, see Anus
Vertebrata, 284 eye of, 122, 125
Visual pyramid, 121 rod, 121
Vitelline membrane, 133
Vitellus, 133
Voluntary action, 112
VON DER MARCK, 317
WARD, J., referred to, 354
WASSILIEW, quoted, 353
Whirlpool of life, 84
WILL, quoted, 353
WOOD-MASON, quoted, 44
Yelk, 133
Yelk-division, 205
Young of Astacus, newly hatched, characters of, 219
Zoæa stage of development, 280
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