INDEX
Reading edition
INDEX
A
Abenaki Indians, incited against English,
76
.
Abercromby, James, General,
195
-
196
.
Arcadia, settled by French,
2
; comes into hands of British,
56
; ceded to England,
65
; conditions in (1713),
74
-
75
; England’s neglect of,
75
; expulsion of Arcadians,
164
et seq.
; boundaries undefined,
169
.
Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of (1748),
93
.
Albany, plan to seize,
12
; colonial delegates meet at, (1754),
159
-
160
.
Alsace-Lorraine, demanded of France,
64
.
Amherst, Jeffrey, Commander-in-Chief of British forces in America,
195
,
213
,
214
; advances toward Montreal,
223
; attacks Montreal,
228
-
229
; relations with Indians,
230
.
Andros, Sir Edmund,
34
.
Annapolis, attacked by French,
79
-
80
; Acadians driven from,
175
.
Annapolis Valley,
53
.
Anne, Queen, ascends throne,
45
; intrigue in court,
56
-
57
; death (1714),
67
.
Anson, George, Admiral,
92
.
Anville, Duc d’,
90
,
91
.
Argall, Samuel, Captain,
2
.
Assiniboine Indians, accompany La Vérendrye,
121
,
122
-
123
.
Assiniboine River,
119
-
120
.
Auguste
, The (ship),
133
.
Austrian Succession, War of (1744-1748),
71
,
92
-
93
,
155
.
B
Beauharnois, Marquis de, Governor of Canada,
114
.
Beauséjour, Fort,
170
,
171
,
172
.
Belle-Isle, Duc de, French Minister of War,
201
.
Berryer, French Minister of Marine,
200
-
201
.
Bienville, J. B., le Moyne, Sieur de,
104
.
Big Mouth, Indian,
6
.
Bigot, François, Intendant of Canada,
185
,
203
,
207
,
233
.
Biloxi Bay, fort built on,
103
.
Blackfeet Indians,
140
-
141
.
Bobé, Father,
26
.
Boscawen, Edward, Admiral,
158
,
163
,
212
,
213
.
Boston, plan to seize,
46
.
Bougainville, L. A. de, Colonel,
181
-
182
,
199
-
200
,
217
,
230
.
Bouquet, Henry, Colonel,
163
.
Bourlamaque, Chevalier de,
181
,
191
,
223
.
Bow Indians, act as guides to the La Vérendryes,
126
-
128
.
Braddock, Edward, General,
158
,
159
,
160
.
Byng, Admiral,
146
,
210
.
C
Cadet, Head of Canadian supplies department,
203
.
Canada, paternal government in,
24
-
25
; war on English colonies,
45
et seq
.; English plans for ending French power in,
87
-
88
; corruption in,
203
-
204
,
207
-
208
; famine in,
208
; population (1763),
234
; French Canadians,
235
-
237
.
Canada and English colonies compared, as to population,
35
; finances,
35
-
37
; leaders,
37
-
38
; governors,
39
; religion,
40
-
41
; education,
42
; books and newspapers,
42
-
43
; character of people,
78
.
Canseau, taken by French,
79
; British arrive at,
82
.
Cape Breton, Island of,
65
,
72
,
74
.
Cartier, Jacques,
98
.
Céloron de Blainville,
146
et seq.
Champlain, Samuel de,
100
.
Charles II, becomes King (1660),
28
; of Catholic faith,
30
; intrigues with France
31
; Catholic persecution under,
31
; death (1685),
33
.
Charlevoix, P. F. X. de,
45
,
104
,
112
.
Chautauqua Lake,
149
.
Clarendon, Earl of, Governor of N. J. and N. Y.,
39
.
Cook, James, Captain,
216
.
Cornwallis, Edward,
95
.
Crown Point, French Army at,
161
; occupied by British,
223
.
D
Deerfield Massacre,
46
-
48
.
Denonville, Marquis de, Governor of Canada,
9
.
Detroit, fort built at,
105
-
106
.
Dieskau, Baron,
158
,
161
,
162
,
179
-
180
.
Digby Basin,
53
.
Dinwiddie, Robert, Lieutenant-Governor of Va.,
153
,
154
,
160
.
Duchesneau, Jacques, Intendant of Canada,
28
.
Duchambon, Governor of Louisbourg,
82
,
84
.
Duquesne, Governor of Canada,
152
.
Duquesne, Fort,
154
,
160
,
163
,
198
.
Duvivier,
79
.
E
Edgar
, The (ship),
59
,
61
.
Edward, Fort,
193
,
194
.
England, Protestant,
1
; attitude toward her colonies,
25
; under Charles II,
28
; protection from France,
29
-
30
; reduces army,
44
; war with France,
45
; success on the sea,
92
; sends army to Va.,
158
; relations with colonies,
232
.
Estournel, d’,
91
.
Europe, politics in middle eighteenth century,
155
-
157
.
F
Forbes, John, General,
163
.
France, Catholic,
1
; treatment of colonies by,
24
-
25
; claims in North America,
26
-
27
; persecution of Protestants,
32
-
33
; failure in war in Europe,
64
; cedes part of Canada to England,
65
; fails in plans against English,
90
-
92
; lays claim to the West,
98
et seq.
; allies herself to Austria,
156
-
157
; sends army to Canada,
158
; plans invasion of England,
201
; fails in undertakings of 1759,
224
; yields everything east of Mississippi,
231
.
Franklin, Benjamin,
160
.
Frontenac, Louis de Buade, Comte de, Governor of Canada, family,
3
; personal characteristics,
3
-
5
; in Canada,
4
-
5
; commands against Iroquois,
9
-
12
; against English,
12
-
15
; deals with Phips’ expedition,
18
-
20
; leads against Iroquois,
22
; death (1698),
22
.
Frontenac, Fort,
148
,
198
.
Fur trade, government monopoly,
40
; on Hudson Bay,
108
,
135
-
136
.
G
George I, becomes King (1714),
67
; policy towards France,
67
.
George II, demands oath of allegiance from Arcadians,
165
.
Fort George,
161
.
Gibraltar, ceded to England,
68
.
Grand Pré,
175
-
176
.
H
Halifax, founded,
94
-
96
,
147
; importance to British,
167
; center of activities,
212
.
Harvard College, organized (1638),
42
.
Hayes, Fort,
109
.
Hendry, Anthony,
136
et seq.
,
161
,
240
.
Henry, Alexander,
139
-
140
.
Hill, “Jack”, General,
57
,
61
.
Howe, Captain,
171
.
Howe, Lord,
196
.
Hudson Bay, ceded to England,
65
; English traders on,
108
-
110
; France attacks,
109
-
110
.
Hudson’s Bay Company,
108
,
135
.
Huron Indians, allies of French,
11
; Jesuit Mission to,
100
.
I
Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d’,
37
-
38
,
103
,
109
-
110
.
Indians, pit English against French,
6
-
7
; trade with,
7
-
8
; Frontenac seeks alliance with,
14
; French meet at Ste. Marie de Saut,
101
-
102
; French gain support of,
161
; Montcalm’s relations with,
183
-
184
; allies of French,
187
-
188
,
192
; Amherst’s discipline of,
230
-
231
;
see also
names of tribes.
Iroquois Indians, five tribes,
8
; hostile to French,
8
-
15
; village destroyed by Frontenac,
22
; become British subjects,
45
; raid on Lachine,
48
; menace Niagara,
105
; British claim lands of,
151
; nervous for their safety,
159
-
160
.
Isle aux Noix,
223
.
J
James II,
33
-
34
.
Jenkins, Captain,
71
.
Johnson, Sir William,
159
,
161
-
162
.
Johnstone, aid-de-camp to Montcalm,
220
,
221
.
Joliet, Louis,
102
.
Jumonville, Coulon de,
154
,
155
.
K
King George’s War (1743-48), Canseau captured,
79
; Annapolis attacked,
79
-
80
; expedition against Louisbourg,
80
-
87
; plan to end French power in America,
88
; Louisbourg under the English,
88
-
90
; France fails to retake Louisbourg,
90
-
93
; treaty of peace (1748),
93
;
see also
Austrian Succession, War of.
L
Lachine, Massacre at,
9
,
48
.
La Corne, St. Luc de,
135
,
136
,
141
.
La Galissonière, Marquis de, acting Governor of Canada,
146
.
La Jemeraye,
118
.
La Jonquière, Marquis de, Governor of Canada,
91
,
92
.
La Jonquière, Fort,
134
,
135
,
138
.
La Mothe Cadillac, Antoine de,
105
-
106
.
La Pause, officer under Montcalm,
191
.
La Porte,
204
.
La Potherie, describes council with Indians,
11
-
12
.
La Reine, Fort,
120
,
121
,
124
,
125
,
133
,
134
.
La Salle, Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de,
103
.
Laval University,
42
.
La Vérendrye, P. G. de Varennes, Sieur de,
110
et seq
.,
240
.
La Vérendrye brothers,
125
-
133
.
Lawrence, Charles, Major,
173
.
Lawrence, Fort,
170
,
171
,
172
.
Le Bœuf, Fort,
152
,
153
.
Le Loutre, Abbe,
167
et seq
.
Le Mercier, officer under Montcalm,
191
.
Le Moyne, Charles,
37
.
Lévis, Chevalier de, next Montcalm in command,
181
; suggested as Montcalm’s successor by Governor,
186
; at Montreal,
223
,
226
; attempts to retake Quebec,
227
-
228
; defeat at Montreal,
228
-
229
; becomes Marshal of France,
233
.
Lewis and Clark expedition,
143
.
Loudoun, Earl of, Commander-in-Chief of British,
193
,
229
.
Louis XIV, attitude toward Canada,
24
-
25
.
Louisbourg, fortress built,
72
-
74
; plan for capture of,
80
-
81
; conditions in,
81
-
82
; siege of,
82
-
85
; English in,
88
-
90
; treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle restores to France,
93
; expedition against,
193
; fall of fortress,
195
; capture of,
213
; rendezvous of British fleet,
214
.
Louisiana Purchase,
143
.
M
Mackenzie, Alexander,
142
-
143
.
Mackenzie River,
97
,
142
.
Malartic, officer under Montcalm,
191
.
Mandan Indians,
122
,
123
-
124
,
125
-
126
.
Marquette, Jacques, Jesuit priest,
102
-
103
.
Mars
, The (ship),
90
.
Mascarene, Paul,
80
.
Massachusetts, sends expeditions against French,
17
-
21
; religion,
40
; offers bounty for Indian scalps,
48
; war with Indians (1721),
77
.
Maurepas, Fort, at Biloxi,
103
; on Lake Winnipeg,
107
,
118
,
133
.
Mayflower
, The (ship),
25
.
Michilimackinac,
100
.
Micmac Indians,
167
,
171
.
Mississippi River,
97
-
98
,
99
,
102
-
103
.
Monckton, Robert, Colonel,
174
.
Monro, George, Colonel,
193
.
Montcalm, Louis Joseph, Marquis de, life in France,
178
-
179
; sent to Canada,
179
; voyage,
180
-
181
; staff,
181
-
182
; impressions of Canada,
182
-
183
; attitude toward Indians,
183
-
184
; Vaudreuil jealous of,
185
-
186
; activities in Canada,
189
-
190
; captures Oswego,
190
; describes his officers,
191
; at Ticonderoga,
192
; captures Fort William Henry,
192
-
193
; rebuked by French court,
194
; defeats British at Lake George,
195
-
197
; plans organization of army,
198
-
199
; fame in France,
200
; obtains little aid from France,
202
; receives rank of Lieutenant-General,
202
; a hero,
204
-
205
; personal characteristics,
205
-
206
; discovers corruption of Canadian officials,
207
-
208
; plans to meet British attack,
209
; at siege of Quebec,
218
-
222
.
Montigny, officer under Montcalm,
191
.
Montreal, war party sets out from,
14
; Lévis at,
223
,
226
; French defeat at,
228
-
229
.
Murray, James, General,
225
-
228
,
229
.
N
Nantes, Edict of,
32
.
New France,
see
Canada.
New Netherland captured by English (1664),
12
.
New Orleans,
104
,
148
,
231
.
New York, plan of French to capture,
12
-
14
; sends force against French (1691),
21
-
22
.
Newcastle, Duke of,
211
.
Newfoundland, ceded to England,
65
.
Niagara, Fort,
105
,
148
,
223
.
Nicholson, Francis, Colonel,
51
,
52
,
53
,
63
.
Nipigon,
113
.
Niverville, Chevalier de,
133
-
134
.
Nova Scotia,
see
Acadia.
Noyon,
112
.
O
Oates, Titus,
31
.
Ochagach, Indian guide,
113
,
114
.
Ohio River, importance to French,
106
,
147
-
148
; Céloron on,
149
-
150
; contest for possession,
150
-
163
.
Oswego, French plans to capture,
189
; captured,
190
; Amherst gathers army at,
228
.
P
Paddon, Captain, of the
Edgar
,
59
.
Panama, Isthmus of, Scottish attempt to found colony on,
49
.
Paskoya, Fort,
134
,
136
.
Pelican, The (ship),
110
.
Pennsylvania, policy of non-resistance,
35
-
36
; Quakers in,
40
; suffers from French and Indians,
152
.
Pepperrell, William,
82
-
83
;
89
.
Phips, Sir William, Governor of Mass.,
15
-
16
; raises Spanish wreck,
16
; leads expedition against Acadia,
17
; voyages to Quebec,
18
-
21
; not fitted to office,
38
; superstitions of,
41
.
Pierre, S. D., tablet of the La Vérendryes found at,
128
-
129
.
Pisiquid (Windsor),
175
.
Pitt, William, British Secretary of State for War,
195
,
211
et seq
.
“Pitts-Bourgh,”
163
.
Pompadour, Madame de,
156
,
178
,
199
-
200
.
Port Royal, captured by Phips,
17
; typical French community,
54
; captured by English,
55
-
56
; renamed Annapolis,
55
.
Porto Bello,
70
.
Prince Edward Island,
65
.
Q
Quebec, captured by English,
2
; war party sets out from,
14
; Phips takes fleet to,
18
-
21
; child of Versailles,
24
; expedition against (1711),
57
-
63
; life in,
207
; situation of,
215
-
216
; siege of,
217
-
222
; French defeat at,
222
,
227
-
228
.
R
Rainy Lake,
115
,
118
.
Rale, Sebastien, Jesuit priest,
76
,
77
.
Ramezay, Chevalier de,
223
.
Red River,
119
.
Rigaud, brother of Governor Vaudreuil,
191
.
Rouville, Hertel de,
46
-
47
.
Ryswick, Peace of (1697),
22
-
23
,
44
.
S
St. Charles, Fort,
115
,
116
,
118
.
St. Esprit,
101
.
St. Jean, Ile,
65
.
St. Lawrence River, French pioneers on,
97
-
98
; location,
99
; cities on,
100
; British fleet sails up,
215
.
St. Louis, Château,
5
,
19
,
38
.
Saint Luc, officer under Montcalm,
191
.
Saint-Lusson, S. F. Daumont, Sieur de,
101
.
Saint-Pierre, Legardeur de,
131
-
132
,
133
-
135
,
150
-
151
,
153
,
162
.
St. Pierre, Fort,
115
.
Saint-Sauveur, Grasset de,
203
.
Sainte Foy, Battle of,
228
.
Ste. Marie du Saut,
100
,
101
.
Saskatchewan River,
97
-
98
.
Saunders, Sir Charles, Admiral,
214
.
Schenectady, massacre at,
15
.
Schuyler, Peter,
21
-
22
,
52
.
Seven Years’ War,
151
,
211
.
Shirley, William, Governor of Mass.,
80
,
81
,
88
,
173
.
Sioux Indians,
107
,
119
.
South Sea Bubble,
70
-
71
.
Spain, cessions to England,
68
,
69
-
70
; relations with England,
71
; England hostile to,
92
,
93
; claims lands on Gulf of Mexico,
99
; New Orleans ceded to,
231
.
Subercase, D. A. de, Governor of Port Royal,
54
,
55
.
T
Three Rivers, war party sets out from,
14
.
Ticonderoga, French army at,
161
; Montcalm at,
192
,
195
,
196
; defeat of English at,
196
-
197
; occupied by British,
223
.
Tollendal, Lally,
234
.
Troyes, Chevalier de,
109
.
U
Utrecht, Treaty of (1713),
64
-
66
,
110
.
V
Vaudreuil, Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de, Governor of Canada, values Indians as allies,
183
; as Governor,
184
-
185
; jealous of Montcalm,
185
-
186
,
203
; in hands of corrupt circle,
203
-
204
; retreats to Montreal,
223
,
226
; signs capitulation,
229
; trial of,
233
.
Vaughan, William,
80
.
Verrazano, sails along Atlantic coast (1524),
26
.
Vetch, Samuel, plans conquest of Canada,
49
-
52
, adjutant-general,
53
; made Governor of Annapolis,
55
; commands colonial forces,
58
; familiar with St. Lawrence,
61
; in debtor’s prison,
62
.
Vigilant
, The (ship),
85
.
Virginia, settled (1607),
2
; Church of England in,
40
.
W
Walker, Sir Hovenden, Admiral, 57 et seq. Walpole, Sir Robert, English Prime Minister, 68-69. Warren, Peter, Commodore, 81, 83, 88, 89, 92. Washington, George, 151, 152 et seq., 160, 163, 230. William of Orange, France denounces, 2, 20; recognized by France, 23; as King of England, 34, 44; death (1702), 45. William Henry, Fort, 161, 192-193. Williams, Rev. John, 47-48. Winnipeg, Lake, 117, 119. Winslow, Colonel, 175, 176. Witchcraft in New England, 41. Wolfe, James, General, at Louisbourg, 163, 195; compared with Montcalm, 206; next Amherst in command, 213; at Louisbourg, 213; at Quebec, 216-222. Woods, Lake of the, 112, 115.