Index

Acta Diurna, 212. Anoyran monument, 182. Anglo-Saxons, compared with Romans, in government, 205-6; in private affairs, 206-8. Arval Hymn, the, 102-3. Ascoli's theory of the differentiation of the Romance languages, 26. Augustus, "Res Gestæ," 182; his benefactions, 182-3.

Batha, a municipal expense, 189. Benefactions, private, co-operation with the government, 179-180; objects, 180-1, 185-9, 203; comparison of ancient and modern objects, 188-190; of Æmilius, 181; of Pompey, 181; of Augustus, 182-3; motives, 161-2, 185, 201; expected of prominent men, 183-4; attempts at regulation, 184; a recognized responsibility, 192; a legal obligation on municipal officials,193-4; offices thereby limited to the rich, 197; of rich private citizens, 197; effect on municipal life and character, 201-2; on private citizens, 203; charity, 204. Burial societies, 224-5.

Cælius, estimate of Curio, 251-3. Cæsar, expenditures as sedile, 183-4; and Curio, 245-7, 253-4, 260-6; secures Curio as agent in Rome, 256-8; unprepared for civil war, 263; et passim in chapters on Curio and Matius. Cato the elder, his diction, 52. Charity, 204. Church, the Christian, influence on the spread of Latin, 16,29. Cicero, quotation from a letter in colloquial style, 75; his "corrupt practices act," 184; and Scaptius, 211; and Curio, 238-244; correspondence with Matius, 274-285. Civic pride of Romans, 186-7. Civil war, outbreak of, 264. Combinations in restraint of trade, 213-14; government intervention, 214. Common people, their language logical, 33; progressive and conservative elements, 45. Common people of Rome, their language (see Latin, colloquial); their religious beliefs, 88-95; philosophy of life, 90-95; belief in future life, 90-95. Controversiae of the schools of rhetoric, 130. Corporations, 14, 208-12; aid the government, 208-9; collect taxes, 209-10; in politics, 210-12; many small stockholders, 212. Cromer, Lord, "Ancient and Modern Imperialism," 3, 205. Curio, funeral games in his father's honor, 184-5, 257; character, 235-7, 243-4; family, 237; relations with Cicero, 238-244; beginning of public life, 244; relations with Cæsar, 245-6, 253-4; openly espouses Cæsar's cause, 256-8, 260-6; popularity, 246; as quæstor, 247; in the Clodian affair, 250; Cælius's opinion of him, 251-3; as tribune, 252, 254-5, 259-261; relations with Pompey, 259; forces conservatives to open hostilities, 260-2; his part in the civil war, 264-6; death, 266.

Dacia, Latin in, 21. Dialects in Italy, their disappearance, 8-11. Diez, the Romance philologist, 35-6. Diocletian's policy, 151; his edict to regulate prices, 150-177; content, 150-3; discovery of document, 152; amount extant, 153; date, 153; style, 153-4; provisions of the edict, 155; extracts, 157-165; discussion, 166-178; made prices uniform, 167; its prices are retail, 167-8; interesting deductions, 169-176; effect, 177; repeal, 177.

English language in India, 3. Epitaphs, deal with the common people, 80; length of Roman epitaphs, 81; along Appian Way, 81-2; sentiments expressed, 82-100; show religious beliefs, 88-95; gods rarely named, 89; Mother Earth, 89. Epitaphs, metrical, praises of women predominate, 86; literary merit, 95-98; art, 98-100. Étienne, Henri, first scholar to notice colloquial Latin, 34-5.

Food, cost of, comparison with to-day, 173-4; free distribution of, 189-190.

Gracchi, the, 146-7. Greek language, in Italy, 11; not conquered by Latin, 18; influence on Latin, 53. Gröber's theory of the differentiation of the Romance languages, 23-5; criticism of, 25-6. Guilds, 215-234; were non-political, 217; inscriptional evidence, 217; comparison of conditions in East and West, 219-221; objects, 221-2, 226; dinners, 222-3; temples, 223; rules, 223-4; no attempts to raise wages, 227-8; religious character, 230-1; began to enter politics, 231-2; attitude of government toward, 232-4; decline, 234.

Hempl's theory of language rivalry, 18-21. Horace, his "curiosa felicitas," 122.

Inscription from Pompeii, in colloquial Latin, 76.

Julia, death of, 249. Julian's edict to regulate the price of grain, 177-8.

Labor-unions. (See Guilds.) Lactantius, "On the Deaths of Those Who Persecuted (the Christians)," 177. Languages spoken in Italy in the early period, 5, 8-12; influence of other languages on Latin, 22. (See also Greek.) Latin language, extent, 4; unifying influences, 16; uniformity, 17-18; evidence of inscriptions, 17-18; causes of its spread, 12-18, 28-29; colonies, 12; roads, 13; >merchants, 14; soldiers, 15; government officials, 15-18; the church, 16, 29; its superiority not a factor, 28; sentiment a cause, 28-9; "peaceful invasion," 29. Latin, colloquial, its study neglected till recently, 34; first noticed in modern times by Henri Étienne, 34-5; its forms, how determined, 39-42; ancient authority for its existence, 39-10; evidence of the Romance languages, 40-1; aid derived from a knowledge of spoken English, 41-2; analytical formation of tenses, 41; slang, 41-2; extant specimens, 42-3; causes of variation, 43; external influences on, 46; influence of culture, 46; definition of colloquial Latin, 48; relation to literary Latin, 50; careless pronunciation, 55-8; accent different from literary Latin, 58-9; confusion of genders, 62-3; monotonous style, 63; tendencies in vocabulary, 64-7: in syntax, 67; effect of loss of final letters, 69; reunion with literary Latin, 72-3; still exists in the Romance languages, 73; date when it became the separate Romance language, 73-4; specimens quoted, 74-8. Latin, literary, modelled on Greek, 44-5; relation to colloquial Latin, 50; standardized by grammarians, 60; style unnatural, 70-1; reunion with colloquial Latin, 72-3; disappearance, 75. Latin, preliterary, 50-2. Laws of the Twelve Tables, 51; excerpt from, 75. Living, cost of, comparison with to-day, 174-6. Livius Andronicus, 52-3. Lucan's account of the death of Curio, 266-7.

Matius, Gaius, early life and character, 268-9; with Cæsar in Gaul, 269-270; friendship with Cæsar, passim; accepted no office, 271-2; devotion to Cæsar, 272-3; unpopularity due to it, 273-4; correspondence with Cicero, 274-285; defence of his devotion to Cæsar, 281-5; prompted Cicero's best philosophical works, 285; later life, 285-6; literary works, 286. Menippean satire, 133, 140. Milesian tales, 133-6. Money, unit of, 166.

Nævius, 52. Ninus romance, 129; and Petronius, 131-2.

Organization, of capitalists (see Corporations); of labor (see Guilds). Oscan, 8-11.

Paternalism, beginnings of, in Rome, 145-6; effect on people, 149. Patron, office of, 199-200; benefactions of, 199-200. Pervigilium Veneris, 109. Petronius, Satiræ, 12, 117-144; excerpt from, 76; original size, 118; motif, 119, 127; Trimalchio's Dinner, 119; satirical spirit, 120-24; literary criticism, 122; Horatian humor, 122-3; cynical attitude, 123-4; realism, 124; prose-poetic form, 125, 140-3; origin of this genre of literature, 125-144; the Satiræ and the epic, 127; and the heroic romance, 132-3; and the Menippean satire, 133, 140; and the Milesian tale, 133-136; and the prologue of comedy, 136-7; and the mime, 137-9; the Satiræ perhaps a mixture of many types, 143-4; originated with Petronius, 144. Plautus, 52. Poetry of the common people, dedicatory, 101-6; ephemeral, 107-116; graffiti, 107; borrowed from the Augustan poets, 110-11; folk poetry, 113-16; children's jingles, 114. Pompey, his benefactions, 181; ordered to march against Cæsar, 261; et passim in chapter on Curio. Prices, controlled by corporations, 213-14; attempts at government regulation, 150-1. Probus, the "Appendix" of, 56, 77. Prose-poetic form, 125, 140-3.

Ritschl, the Plautine scholar, 35. Romance, the realistic, origin obscure, 117. (See Petronius, Satiræ.) Romance languages, causes of their differentiation, Gröber's theory, 23-6; Ascoli's theory, 26; date of their beginning, 30-1; descended from colloquial Latin, 35-7; reasons of their agreement, 37-8; common source, 38. Romances, the Greek, theory of origin, 127-8.

Salaries of municipal officers, 190. (See also Wages.) Scaptius and Cicero, 211. Seneca the elder, "Controversiæ," 130. Strasburg oath, 78. Strikes, 229.

Theatres a municipal expense, 190. Trimalchio's Dinner, 119.

Umbrian, 9. Urso, constitution of, 193-4.

Wages in Roman times, 169-170; compared with to-day, 172, 174; and guilds, 227-8; and slavery, 228. (See also Salaries.)